Please write clearly in block capitals.

Centre number Candidate number

Surname _________________________________________________________________________

Forename(s) _________________________________________________________________________

Candidate signature _________________________________________________________________________

I declare this is my own work.

GCSE
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 1 Living with the Physical Environment

Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes

Materials For Examiner’s Use
For this paper you must have:
 a pencil Question Mark
 a rubber
 a ruler. 1
You may use a calculator.
2
Instructions
 Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 3
 Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
4

Answer all questions in Section A and Section B. 5

Answer two questions in Section C from: TOTAL

Question 3 (Coasts), Question 4 (Rivers), Question 5 (Glacial).

 You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around each
page or on blank pages.
 If you need additional extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of this book.
Write the question number against your answer(s).
 Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked.

Information
 The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
 The total number of marks available for this paper is 88.
 Spelling, punctuation, grammar and specialist terminology will be assessed in Question 01.10.

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For the multiple-choice questions, shade the circle next to the correct answer.

CORRECT METHOD WRONG METHODS

If you want to change your answer you must cross out your original answer as shown.

If you wish to return to an answer previously crossed out, ring the answer you now wish to
select as shown.

Section A The challenge of natural hazards

Answer all questions in this section.

Question 1 The challenge of natural hazards

0 1 . 1 Which one of the following events is not an example of a natural hazard?

Shade one circle only.

[1 mark]

A Tsunami

B Earthquake

C Volcanic eruption

D Oil spill

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Study Figure 1, a map showing the track of Hurricane Dorian in August and
September 2019.

Figure 1

Key
Tropical storm force 40° N
Hurricane force
USA
0 500 1000 km
35° N
N
Atlantic Ocean

30° N

The Bahamas 25° N

Cuba
20° N
Virgin
Islands
Caribbean Sea Puerto Rico 15° N

10° N
85° W 80° W 75° W 70° W 65° W 60° W 55° W 50° W

0 1 . 2 Using Figure 1, which one of the following statements is true?

Shade one circle only.

[1 mark]

A Hurricane Dorian started south of the Equator.

B Hurricane Dorian passed to the west of Cuba.

C Hurricane Dorian passed close to the east coast of the USA.

D Hurricane Dorian reached 40° north.

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0 1 . 3 Using Figure 1, measure the distance travelled by Hurricane Dorian at hurricane
force.
[2 marks]

_________________________ km

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Study Figure 2, a satellite image showing Hurricane Dorian over The Bahamas on
1 September 2019.

Figure 2

USA

The Bahamas

Cuba

0 200 km

0 1 . 4 Using Figure 2, identify two features of Hurricane Dorian.

[2 marks]

1 _________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

2 _________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

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Study Figure 3, a divided bar graph showing the total number of Atlantic tropical
storms and hurricanes between 2014–2019.

Figure 3

20

18

16

14

12
Atlantic
tropical
storms and 10
hurricanes
8

0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Year
Key
Hurricanes scale 3 and above
Tropical storms and hurricanes scale 1–2

0 1 . 5 Use the data from the following table to complete Figure 3.

[2 marks]

Number of tropical storms Number of hurricanes

Year
and hurricanes scale 1–2 scale 3 and above

2018 13 2

0 1 . 6 Suggest one reason for the increase in the total number of tropical storms and
hurricanes shown in Figure 3.
[1 mark]

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

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0 1 . 7 Outline one way that planning can reduce the impact of tropical storms.
[2 marks]

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

Study Figure 4, photographs showing some of the impacts of extreme weather in

the UK.

Figure 4

Higher summer temperatures and lower Higher rainfall and more storm events have
rainfall in some areas have increased the increased the risk of flooding.
risk of moorland fires.

0 1 . 8 ‘UK weather is becoming more extreme.’

Do you agree?

Use Figure 4 and your own understanding.

[6 marks]

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

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Extra space ______________________________________________________________________

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0 1 . 9 Explain why earthquakes and volcanic eruptions take place along destructive plate
margins.
[4 marks]

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

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Extra space ______________________________________________________________________

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0 1 . 1 0 To what extent do the effects of a tectonic hazard vary between areas of

contrasting wealth?

Use one or more named examples in your answer.

[9 marks]
[+ 3 SPaG marks]

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

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Extra space ______________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________________________ 33

End of Section A

Turn over for Section B

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Section B The living world

Answer all questions in this section.

Question 2 The living world

Study Figure 5, a map showing the major world ecosystems.

Figure 5

Tropic of
Cancer

Equator

Tropic of
Capricorn

Key
Tropical forest Polar and high-mountain ice Temperate deciduous forest
Savanna Mediterranean Coniferous forest
Desert Temperate grassland Tundra (arctic and alpine)

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0 2 . 1 Using Figure 5, which one of the following statements is true?

Shade one circle only.

[1 mark]

A There are temperate grasslands in every continent.

B Deserts are only found in the middle of continents.

C Temperate deciduous forests are only found in the Northern hemisphere.

D Coniferous forests occur in large areas of North America, Europe and Asia.

0 2 . 2 Using Figure 5, name the continent with the largest area of savanna.
[1 mark]

___________________________________________________________________________________

0 2 . 3 Which statement describes the characteristics of temperate deciduous forests?

Shade one circle only.

[1 mark]

A The vegetation is short because the growing season only lasts two months.

B The trees drop their dead leaves because of lower temperatures in winter.

C The vegetation is sparse because rainfall is low.

D The vegetation is evergreen because the climate is hot all year round.

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Study Figure 6, information about the climate and vegetation of tropical rainforests.

Figure 6

Climate graph for Iquitos, Peru

30

25 Temperature
(°C)
400 20

350

300

250
Rainfall
(mm) 200

150

100

50

0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
Key
Temperature Rainfall

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0 2 . 4 Suggest how plants are adapted to the climate in tropical rainforests.

Use Figure 6 and your own understanding.

[6 marks]

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

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Extra space ______________________________________________________________________

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Study Figure 7, a graph showing tropical primary forest loss between 2002 and 2018.

Figure 7

5
Tropical
primary 4
forest loss
(million 3
hectares)
2

0
02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18
20
20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20
Year

0 2 . 5 Using Figure 7, describe changes in tropical primary forest loss between

2002 and 2018.
[2 marks]

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

0 2 . 6 Give one reason why deforestation has decreased in some countries.

[1 mark]

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

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Study Figure 8, a photograph showing an area of deforestation in
Sumatra, Indonesia.

Figure 8

0 2 . 7 Using Figure 8, outline one environmental effect of deforestation.

[2 marks]

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

0 2 . 8 Explain how ecotourism can be a sustainable management strategy in tropical

rainforests.
[2 marks]

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

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Study either Figure 9 or Figure 10.

Figure 9 – Hot desert environment

A hot desert landscape Gold mining in Western Australia

Figure 10 – Cold environment

A tundra and mountain landscape Oil drilling in Alaska

0 2 . 9 Discuss the challenges and opportunities for development in either a

hot desert environment or a cold environment.

Use either Figure 9 or Figure 10 and a case study.

Tick the box to show which environment you have chosen.

Hot desert environment (Figure 9)

Cold environment (Figure 10)

[9 marks]

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___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

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Extra space ______________________________________________________________________

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End of Section B

Turn over for Section C

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Section C Physical landscapes in the UK

Answer two questions from the following:

Question 3 (Coasts), Question 4 (Rivers), Question 5 (Glacial).

Question 3 Coastal landscapes in the UK

Study Figure 11, a map showing the changing coastline of the Holderness area,
Yorkshire.

Figure 11

Flamborough
Bridlington Head
Average annual rate of
erosion, 2003 – 2017

1
1
Longshore
drift

Hornsea
2 2
Mappleton North Sea
Ho

Aldbrough
lde

3 3
rn
es
s

4 4
Hull
Withernsea
Hu 5 5
m
N be
rE
st 6 6
ua
ry
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 10 km Metres
Spurn Head
Key
Settlement
Chalk
Site where erosion rate recorded
The Holderness coastline is made up of soft boulder clays (till) left behind
after the ice sheets melted.

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0 3 . 1 Using Figure 11, what is the mode of annual rate of erosion along the Holderness
coastline?

Shade one circle only.

[1 mark]

A 1.0 –1.9 metres per year

B 2.0 –2.9 metres per year

C 3.0 –3.9 metres per year

D 4 metres and above per year

0 3 . 2 Using Figure 11, describe how the rate of erosion changes from north to south.
[1 mark]

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

0 3 . 3 Using Figure 11, what is the coastal landform that has formed at Spurn Head?

Shade one circle only.

[1 mark]

A Bar

B Stack

C Spit

D Cliff

0 3 . 4 Using Figure 11, suggest why there is a headland at Flamborough Head.

[1 mark]

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

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Study Figure 12, a photograph showing cliffs at Aldbrough on the Holderness coast.

Figure 12

0 3 . 5 Using Figure 12, give one reason why the rate of erosion of the Holderness coast
is high.
[1 mark]

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

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0 3 . 6 Explain how a wave cut platform is formed as a cliff is eroded.

Use one or more diagrams to support your answer.

[4 marks]

___________________________________________________________________________________

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Study Figure 13, a diagram showing some coastal processes and
coastal management strategies.

Figure 13

Rock armour North groyne

Recent slumping

Regraded cliff

Longshore
drift
Cliff collapse

South groyne

0 3 . 7 Assess the effectiveness of strategies used to protect coastlines against erosion.

Use Figure 13 and your own understanding.

[6 marks]

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End of Question 3

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Question 4 River landscapes in the UK

Study Figure 14, a table of information about a river in north east England.

Figure 14

Site 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Distance from source (km) 2 15 27 41 57 66 78
Width of river (m) 1.9 3.2 2.9 5.6 10.4 9.0 14.6
Median size of sediment (cm) 43 18 19 15 9 2 1

0 4 . 1 Plot the width of the river at Site 6 on to the graph below.

Use the following data.

Distance from source (km) Width of river (m)

66 9.0
[1 mark]

16

14

12

10
River
width (m) 8

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Distance from source (km)

0 4 . 2 Using Figure 14, describe the change in river width downstream from the source.
[1 mark]

___________________________________________________________________________________

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0 4 . 3 Give one reason why the median size of sediment tends to decrease downstream
from the source of the river.
[1 mark]

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

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Study Figure 15, a photograph taken in the upper course of the river and its valley.

Figure 15

0 4 . 4 Identify the landform shown in Figure 15.

Shade one circle only.

[1 mark]

A Interlocking spurs

B Flood plain

C Gorge

D Levée

0 4 . 5 Using Figure 15, describe the shape of the valley sides.

[1 mark]

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___________________________________________________________________________________

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0 4 . 6 Explain how a meander may be formed by both erosion and deposition.

Use one or more diagrams to support your answer.

[4 marks]

___________________________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

Question 4 continues on the next page

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Study Figure 16, different opinions expressed about hard engineering and soft
engineering.

Figure 16

“I live in a house that is near to the “Soft engineering is the way forward.
river on a floodplain.
Strategies such as planting trees
I think that the government should and river restoration are kinder to the
pay for hard engineering projects environment and cost less money,
such as dams and flood walls.” whilst reducing the risk of flooding.”
Local resident Environment Officer

0 4 . 7 Assess the benefits of using hard engineering and soft engineering to reduce the risk
of river flooding.

Use Figure 16 and your own understanding.

[6 marks]

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Extra space ______________________________________________________________________

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End of Question 4

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Question 5 Glacial landscapes in the UK

Study Figure 17, a map showing the depth and extent of ice during the last ice age
in Europe.

Figure 17

Ice sheet
N Y
Scandinavia

m
00

0m
25

200

m
British Isles

00
10
m
00 1000 m
X 15
0m
150

France

Spain

Key
Ice sheets and glaciers
1000 m Depth of ice
Present day coastline
0 500 km
Sea

Figure 18 is a partly completed cross section of ice depth between X and Y

shown on Figure 17.

Figure 18

3000 3000

Depth 2000 2000

of ice
(m) 1000 1000

0 0
X Y

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0 5 . 1 Using Figure 17, complete Figure 18, a cross section showing the depth of ice
between X and Y.
[1 mark]

0 5 . 2 Using Figure 17, compare the maximum depth of ice over the British Isles with the
maximum depth of ice over Scandinavia.
[1 mark]

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

0 5 . 3 Using Figure 17, which one of the following statements is true?

Shade one circle only.

[1 mark]

A Ice covered the whole of the British Isles during the last ice age.

B The main ice sheet was centred in southern Europe.

C The ice sheet extended westwards from Scandinavia to the British Isles.

D The shape of the coastline during the ice age was the same as the
present day.

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Study Figure 19, a photograph showing a retreating glacier.

Figure 19

0 5 . 4 Identify the feature shown at X.

Shade one circle only.

[1 mark]

A Moraine

B Drumlin

C Truncated spur

D Arête

0 5 . 5 Suggest one reason why the material deposited by a glacier is mixed in size
and shape.
[1 mark]

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

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0 5 . 6 Explain the formation of a glacial trough (U-shaped valley).

Use one or more diagrams to support your answer.

[4 marks]

___________________________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

Question 5 continues on the next page

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Study Figure 20, information about tourism in Snowdonia National Park, a glaciated
area in the UK.

Figure 20

Visitor numbers During 2015 there were more

day visitors than staying visitors
3.89 million people visited to Snowdonia
the National Park in 2015
Visitor numbers
1.46 million
Increasing visitor numbers staying
3.90 visitors
3.85
3.80
Millions

3.75
3.70
3.65
3.60
3.55 2.43 million
2013 2014 2015 day visitors

Wales’

12%
The estimated National
spend per visitor Parks have
for Snowdonia is 4% of the UK National
Parks’ total visitor

£122,
which is the
numbers

second highest 84%

12%
of all the UK
National Parks

595 000
Visitors to Snowdon annually

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0 5 . 7 Assess the economic and environmental impacts of tourism in a glaciated upland
area of the UK.

Use Figure 20 and your own understanding.

[6 marks]

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END OF QUESTIONS

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