Problems 577

4′′ 4′′ 4′′ 4′′

3′′
3′′
30°

FIGURE P8.2-12

Eccentric Bolted Connections: Shear Plus Tension

8.3-1 Check the adequacy of the bolts. The given loads are service loads.
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.
D = 20k
L = 54k
2′′ 10′′
3′′

1′′-diameter Group A bolts

14′′ A992 steel
Slip is permitted

W10 × 100
WT5 × 24.5 2′′

FIGURE P8.3-1

8.3-2 A beam is connected to a column with 7⁄8-inch-diameter, Group A bearing-type bolts, as

shown in Figure P8.3-2. Eight bolts connect the tee to the column. A992 steel is used. Is
the tee-to-column connection adequate?
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.

3′′
D = 30k
L = 65k
2′′

WT6 × 29
3 @ 3′′
W12 × 120

2′′ W18 × 106

FIGURE P8.3-2
578 Chapter 8 Eccentric Connections

8.3-3 Check the adequacy of the bolts for the given service loads.
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.

6′′ D = 25k
2′′ L = 75k

Ten bolts
7
⁄ 8′′-inch-diameter Group A
4 @ 3′′ Slip is permitted
A992 steel

WT15 × 49.5
2′′
W12 × 65

FIGURE P8.3-3

8.3-4 Check the adequacy of the bolts. The given load is a service load.
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.

3′′
11⁄ 2′′
8′′
Reaction = 35k
(D = 10k, L = 25k)
6′′ 3⁄ 4′′-diameter, Group A bolts

3′′ A992 steel

Slip is permitted

WT5 × 22.5 11⁄ 2′′

W10 × 49 W18 × 50

FIGURE P8.3-4

8.3-5 Check the adequacy of the bolts in the connection shown in Figure P8.3-5. The load
is a service load consisting of 33% dead load and 67% live load. The bolts are 7⁄8-inch,
Group A bearing-type. Assume that the connected parts have adequate bearing
strength.
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.

2′′
8′′
4 @ 3′′
3
4 2′′
6′′ 6′′
105k

FIGURE P8.3-5
 Problems 579

8.3-6 The flange of a portion of a WT6 × 20 is used as a bracket and is attached to the flange
of a W14 × 61 column as shown in Figure P8.3-6. All steel is A992. Determine
whether the bolts are adequate.
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.

D = 10k
2 L = 40k
1
3′′
3′′ 1′′-diameter, Group A bolts
WT6 × 20 6′′ Slip is permitted
3′′
6′′
W14 × 61 5′′
11⁄ 2′′ 11⁄ 2′′

FIGURE P8.3-6

8.3-7 A beam is connected to a column with 3⁄4-inch-diameter, Group A slip-critical bolts,

as shown in Figure P8.3-7. A992 steel is used for the beam and column, and A36 steel
is used for the angles. The force R is the beam reaction. Based on the strength of the
10 angle-to-column bolts, determine the following:
a. The maximum available factored load reaction, Ru , for LRFD.
b. The maximum available service load reaction, Ra , for ASD.
R
21⁄ 4′′

11⁄ 2′′
3′′
3′′
3′′
3′′ 2L4 × 4 × 5⁄ 16
1 ⁄ 2′′
1

W10 × 45 W21 × 83

FIGURE P8.3-7

8.3-8 A bracket cut from a WT-shape is connected to a column flange with 10 Group A slip-
critical bolts, as shown in Figure P8.3-8. A992 steel is used. The loads are service
loads, consisting of 30% dead load and 70% live load. What size bolt is required?
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.
580 Chapter 8 Eccentric Connections

2′′ 8′′ 60k

47k

4 sp @ 31⁄ 2′′
WT12 × 31

2′′
W12 × 72

FIGURE P8.3-8

8.3-9 For the following designs, use A36 steel for the angles and A992 steel for the beam
and column. Use LRFD.
a. Design a simply supported beam for the conditions shown in Figure P8.3-9. In
addition to its own weight, the beam must support a service live load of 5 kips/
foot. Assume continuous lateral support of the compression flange. Deflection is
not a design consideration.
b. Design an all-bolted, double-angle connection. Do not consider eccentricity. Use
bearing-type bolts.
c. Consider eccentricity and check the connection designed in part b. Revise the
design if necessary.
d. Prepare a detailed sketch of your recommended connection.

Col. Col.
CL CL

Beam CL
30′-0′′

W14 × 82

FIGURE P8.3-9

8.3-10 Same as Problem 8.3-9, but use ASD.

 Problems 581

Eccentric Welded Connections: Shear Only

8.4-1 Use an elastic analysis and determine the maximum load in the weld (in kips per inch
of length).

7′′ 8′′

8′′

8k

FIGURE P8.4-1

8.4-2 Use an elastic analysis and determine the maximum load in the weld (in kips per inch
of length).

7′′ 16k

3′′
12′′

5′′

FIGURE P8.4-2

8.4-3 Use an elastic analysis and determine the maximum load per inch of weld.
70 kips
75° 3′′ 3′′ 3′′

3′′
6′′
1′-0′′

6′′ 9′′

FIGURE P8.4-3
582 Chapter 8 Eccentric Connections

8.4-4 Use an elastic analysis and check the adequacy of the weld. Assume that the shear in
the base metal is acceptable. The 8-kip load is a service load, composed of 25% dead
load and 75% live load.
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.

8k
12′′

3⁄ 16

E70 electrodes
2L5 × 5 × 1⁄ 2 5′′

Section

FIGURE P8.4-4

8.4-5 Use E70 electrodes and determine the required weld size. Use an elastic analysis.
Assume that the base metal shear strength is adequate.
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.

PD = 9k, PL = 8k
4′′ 6′′ 30°

3′′
6′′ t = 1⁄ 2′′

3′′
1′-0′′
t = 1⁄ 2′′

FIGURE P8.4-5

8.4-6 Check the adequacy of the weld. The 20-kip load is a service load, with a live
load-to-dead load ratio of 2.0. Use an elastic analysis and assume that the shear
strength of the base metal is adequate.
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.
 Problems 583

3′′ 2′′ 18k

4′′

6′′

1
⁄ 2′′ E70XX
2′′ Fillet welds

FIGURE P8.4-6

8.4-7 Use an elastic analysis and compute the extra load in the weld (in kips per inch of
length) caused by the eccentricity.

115k

L3 × 3 × 3⁄ 8
4′′

FIGURE P8.4-7
8.4-8 Use an elastic analysis and compute the extra load in the weld (in kips per inch of
length) caused by the eccentricity.

140k
7′′

L7 × 4 × 3⁄ 4
6′′

FIGURE P8.4-8

8.4-9 An L6 × 6 × 3⁄8 is attached to a 3⁄8-in.-thick gusset plate with E70 fillet welds. Design
the welds to develop the available strength of the member. Use a placement of welds
that will eliminate eccentricity. Assume that the strengths of the connected parts do not
govern. Use A36 steel.
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.
584 Chapter 8 Eccentric Connections

8.4-10 Solve Problem 8.4-1 by the ultimate strength method (use the tables in Part 8 of the
Manual).

8.4-11 Solve Problem 8.4-4 by the ultimate strength method (use the tables in Part 8 of the
Manual).

8.4-12 Solve Problem 8.4-7 by the ultimate strength method (use the tables in Part 8 of the
Manual).

8.4-13 A connection is to be made with the weld shown in Figure P8.4-13. The applied load
is a service load. Use LRFD.
a. Determine the required weld size. Use an elastic analysis.
b. Determine the required weld size by the ultimate strength method (use the tables
in Part 8 of the Manual).

D = 20k
L = 40k
15°

4′′ 21⁄ 2′′

3′′

1′-0′′

FIGURE P8.4-13

8.4-14 Same as Problem 8.4-13, but use ASD.

8.4-15 Use the elastic method and design a welded connection for an L6 × 6 × 5⁄16 of A36
steel connected to a 3⁄8-inch-thick gusset plate, also of A36 steel. The load to be
resisted is a service dead load of 31 kips and a service live load of 31 kips. Use LRFD.
a. Do not balance the welds. Show your design on a sketch.
b. Balance the welds. Show your design on a sketch.
 Problems 585

t = 3⁄ 8′′
L6 × 6 × 5⁄ 16

FIGURE P8.4-15

8.4-16 Same as Problem 8.4-15, but use ASD.

8.4-17 A single-angle tension member is connected to a gusset plate as shown in Figure P8.4-17.
A36 steel is used for both the angle and the gusset plate.
a. Use LRFD and the minimum size fillet weld to design a connection. Do not bal-
ance the welds.
b. Check the design of Part a, accounting for the eccentricity. Revise if necessary.
c. Show your final design on a sketch.

D = 40k
L = 80k

L5 × 5 × 5⁄ 8

t = 3⁄ 8′′

FIGURE P8.4-17

8.4-18 Same as Problem 8.4-17, but use ASD.

8.4-19 a. Use LRFD and design a welded connection for the bracket shown in Figure P8.4-19.
All structural steel is A36. The horizontal 10-inch dimension is a maximum.
b. State why you think your weld size and configuration are best.
586 Chapter 8 Eccentric Connections

8′′ PD = 6k
PL = 30k
10′′
(max) 60°

9′′

t = 3⁄8′′

t = 3⁄8′′

FIGURE P8.4-19

8.4-20 Same as Problem 8.4-19, but use ASD.

Eccentric Welded Connections: Shear Plus Tension

8.5-1 Determine the maximum load in the weld in kips per inch of length.

20k 2′′ 2′′

4′′

10′′

FIGURE P8.5-1
8.5-2 Determine the maximum load in the weld in kips per inch of length.

20k
8′′
3′′

2′′
6′′ 2′′
2′′

2′′ 4′′ 2′′

FIGURE P8.5-2
 Problems 587

8.5-3 Use the maximum size E70 fillet weld and compute the available reaction R (as
limited by the strength of the weld) that can be supported by the connection of Fig-
ure P8.5-3. The beam and column steel is A992, and the shelf angle is A36. Neglect
the end returns shown at the top of the welds.
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.

4′′

L6 × 6 × 5⁄8
W14 × 48

FIGURE P8.5-3

8.5-4 A bracket plate of A36 steel is welded to a W12 × 50 of A992 steel. Use E70 elec-
trodes and determine the required fillet weld size. The applied load consists of 9 kips
dead load and 15 kips live load.
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.

70°

6′′

1′-0′′

t = 3⁄ 8′′

FIGURE P8.5-4
588 Chapter 8 Eccentric Connections

8.5-5 A WT7 × 41 bracket is connected to a W14 × 159 column with 5⁄16-inch E70 fillet
welds as shown in Figure P8.5-5. What is the maximum factored load Pu that can be
supported? What is the maximum service load Pa that can be supported?

P
8′′

W14 × 159 WT7 × 41

A992 steel
16′′

5⁄ 16 E70

FIGURE P8.5-5

Moment-Resisting Connections
8.6-1 A W18 × 50 beam is connected to a W14 × 99 column. To transfer moment, plates are
bolted to the beam flanges. The service-load moment to be transferred is 180 ft-kips,
consisting of 45 ft-kips of dead-load moment and 135 ft-kips of live-load moment.
The bolts are 7⁄8-inch-diameter Group A, type N, and eight bolts are used in each
flange. Do these bolts have enough shear strength?
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.
8.6-2 A W16 × 45 beam is connected to a W10 × 45 column as shown in Figure P8.6-2.
The structural shapes are A992, and the plates are A36 steel. Twenty 7⁄8-inch, Group A,
Type N, bearing-type bolts are used: eight at each flange, and four in the web. The
electrodes are E70. Use LRFD.
a. Determine the available shear strength of the connection.
b. Determine the available flexural strength.
 Problems 589

PL 5⁄ 8 × 7 × 1′-02

1
⁄4
1
⁄4
W10 × 45 W16 × 45
PL 5⁄ 16 × 5 × 1′-011⁄ 2

7⁄ 8-inch-diameter Group A bolts

21⁄ 4′′ 21⁄ 4′′

21⁄ 4′′
21⁄ 4′′ 3′′ 3′′ 3′′ 21⁄ 4′′ 3′′
131⁄ 2′′ 3′′
21⁄ 4′′
21⁄ 2′′ 7′′ 3′′
2 1⁄ 4′′ 21⁄ 4′′

1⁄ 2′′ 1
⁄ 2′′
setback 14′′ setback 5′′

Detail of flange plate Detail of shear plate

FIGURE P8.6-2

8.6-3 Same as Problem 8.6-2, but use ASD.

8.6-4 Design a three-plate moment connection of the type shown in Problem 8.6-2 for the
connection of a W18 × 35 beam to a W14 × 99 column for the following conditions:
The service dead-load moment is 42 ft-kips, the service live-load moment is 104 ft-
kips, the service dead-load beam reaction is 8 kips, and the service live-load beam
reaction is 21 kips. Use Group A bearing-type bolts and E70 electrodes. The beam
and column are of A992 steel, and the plate material is A36.
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.

Column Stiffeners and Other Reinforcement

8.7-1 A service-load moment of 118 ft-kips, 30% dead load and 70% live load, is applied to
the connection of Problem 8.6-2. Assume that the connection is at a distance from the
end of the column that is more than the depth of the column and determine whether col-
umn stiffeners are required. If so, use A36 steel and determine the required dimensions.
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.
590 Chapter 8 Eccentric Connections

8.7-2 Determine whether column stiffeners are required for the maximum force that can be
developed in the beam flange plate, which is A36 steel. If they are, use A36 steel and
specify the required dimensions. A992 steel is used for the beam and column. The
connection is at a distance from the end of the column that is more than the depth of
the column.
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.

PL 11⁄ 16 × 9

W14 × 145 W24 × 76

PL 11⁄ 16 × 9

FIGURE P8.7-2

8.7-3 a. A W18 × 35 beam is to be connected to a W14 × 53 column. Fy = 50 ksi for both

the beam and the column. The connection is at a distance from the end of the col-
umn that is more than the depth of the column. Use A36 steel for the web plate and
use LRFD to design a connection similar to the one shown in Figure 8.37a for a
factored moment of 220 ft-kips and a factored reaction of 45 kips. If column
stiffeners are needed, use A36 steel and specify the required dimensions.
b. If the factored column shear adjacent to the connection is Vu = 0, and Pu 兾Py = 0.6,
determine whether panel zone reinforcement is required. If it is, provide two
alternatives: (1) a doubler plate of A36 steel and (2) diagonal stiffeners of A36 steel.

End-Plate Connections
8.8-1 Investigate the adequacy of the bolts in the given end-plate connection. The loads are
service loads, consisting of 25% dead load and 75% live load. The beam and column
are A992 steel, and the end plate is A36 steel.
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.
 Problems 591

2 bolts 65ft-k

W8 × 31 W14 × 22
25k
3⁄ 4′′-diameter,
2 bolts Group A bolts
Bolts are pretensioned.

FIGURE P8.8-1

8.8-2 Investigate the adequacy of the bolts in the given end-plate connection. The loads are
service loads, consisting of 25% dead load and 75% live load. The beam and column
are A992 steel, and the end plate is A36 steel.
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.

W18 × 35

134ft-k
W10 × 49

53k 7⁄ 8′′-diameter, Group A bolts

Bolts are pretensioned.

Each line of bolts
contains 2 bolts.

FIGURE P8.8-2

8.8-3 Design a four-bolt unstiffened end-plate connection for a W18 × 40 beam to a

W8 × 40 column. Design for the full moment and shear capacities of the beam. Use
A992 steel for the members and A36 for the end plate. Use Group A pretensioned
bolts.
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.
8.8-4 Design a four-bolt unstiffened end-plate connection for a W12 × 30 beam to a
W10 × 60 column. The shear consists of a 13-kip service dead load and a 34-kip
service live load. The service dead-load moment is 20 ft-kips, and the service live-
load moment is 48 ft-kips. Use A992 steel for the structural shapes, A36 for the end
plate, and pretensioned Group A bolts.
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.