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    Handout 1

    Uploaded by

    Khizer Raza

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 20

    Oral Communication (HS-201)

    Week 1 (Handout 1)

    Maheen Tufail Dahraj


    Lecturer & Ph.D. Scholar (Applied Linguistics)
    Department of Humanities
    NED University of Engg. & Tech. Karachi
    Why Oral Communication?
    Direct Medium of Communication

    Time Saving

    Immediate Feedback

    Powerful Means of Persuasion and Control

    Reliable Source of Information

    Maintain Secrecy
    Foundations for Oral Communication

    1. Definition Of Communication
    2. Forms of Human Communication
    3. Types of Communication
    Definition

    Communication is imparting or exchanging information, ideas or feelings


    as it involves systematic and continuous process of conveying messages
    (facts, ideas, attitudes, and opinions) from one person to another so that
    they are understood. It is a two-way process in which a speaker must have
    a listener and a writer must have a reader with whom to share his/her
    thoughts. It can vary from one-person communication (in which you talk
    to yourself) to communication with millions (as in public speaking, mass
    communication, and computer-mediated communication).
    Forms of Human Communication

    1. Intrapersonal Communication
    2. Interpersonal Communication
    3. Interviewing
    4. Small Group Communication
    5. Organizational Communication
    6. Public Speaking
    7. Computer Mediated Communication
    8. Mass Communication
    1. Intrapersonal Communication

    Intrapersonal communication is communication you have with yourself.


    Through intrapersonal communication you talk with, learn about, and judge
    yourself. You persuade yourself of this or that, reason about possible
    decisions to make, and rehearse messages that you plan to send to others. In
    intrapersonal communication, you might, for example, consider how you
    did in an interview and what you could have done differently. You might
    conclude you did a pretty good job but that you need to be more assertive
    when discussing salary. Increasing your self-awareness, your mindfulness,
    and your ability to think critically about all types of messages will aid you
    greatly in improving your own intrapersonal communication.
    2. Interpersonal Communication

    Interpersonal communication is communication between two persons or


    among a small group of persons. Most often, the communication
    emphasized in the study of interpersonal communication is communication
    of a continuing personal (rather than temporary and impersonal) nature;
    it’s communication between or among intimates or those involved in close
    relationships—friends, family, and coworkers, for example. These
    relationships are interdependent, meaning that the actions of one person
    have some impact on the other person; whatever one person does
    influences the other person. Sometimes interpersonal communication is
    pleasant, but sometimes it erupts into conflict—making each person’s
    communication especially significant for the other.
    3. Interviewing

    Interviewing is communication that proceeds by question and answer.


    Through interviewing you learn about others and what they know; you
    counsel or get counseling from others; or you get or don’t get the job you
    want and ultimately the career you’re preparing for in college. Today much
    interviewing (especially initial interviews) takes place through e-mail and
    (video) phone conferencing. Many of the skills for interviewing are the
    same skills noted for interpersonal and small group communication
    4. Small Group Communication

    Small group communication is communication among members of groups


    of about five to ten people. Small group communication serves relationship
    needs such as those for companionship, affection, or support as well as task
    needs such as balancing the family budget, electing a new chairperson, or
    designing a new ad campaign. Through small group communication you
    interact with others, solve problems, develop new ideas, and share
    knowledge and experiences. You live your work and social life largely in
    groups, from school orientation meetings to executive board meetings;
    from informal social groups to formal meetings discussing issues of local
    or international concern. You also may live a good part of your life through
    social media and social networking (for example, Facebook, Google+, and
    LinkedIn) where you interact with a wide variety of people, many of
    whom are from widely different cultures.
    5. Organizational Communication

    Organizational communication is communication that takes place within


    an organization among members of the organization. Conferencing
    with colleagues, working in teams, talking with a supervisor, or
    giving employees directions are just a few examples of organizational
    communication. The study of organizational communication offers
    guidelines for improving your own formal and informal communication in
    an organizational setting.
    6. Public Speaking

    Public speaking, also termed public communication or presentational


    speaking, is communication between a speaker and an audience, which
    may range in size from several people to hundreds, thousands, and even
    millions. Through public communication, others inform and persuade you.
    And you, in turn, inform and persuade others—to act, to buy, or to think in
    a particular way. Much as you can address large audiences face-to-face,
    you also can address such audiences electronically and through the mass
    media. Through forums, blogs, or social media, for example, you can post a
    “speech” for anyone to read and then read their reactions to your message.
    And with the help of the more traditional mass media of radio and
    television, you can address audiences in the hundreds of millions as they sit
    alone or in small groups scattered throughout the world.
    7. Mass Communication

    Mass communication is communication from one source to many


    receivers, who may be scattered throughout the world. Mass
    communication takes place via at least the following media outlets:
    newspapers, magazines, television, radio, film, and video.
    8. Computer Mediated Communication
    Computer-mediated communication (CMC) is a general term that includes all
    forms of communication between people that take place through some computer,
    electronic, or Internet connection, for example, e-mail, texting, blogging, instant
    messaging, tweeting, networking on LinkedIn, or connecting on social network
    sites such as Facebook or Instagram. All of these computer-mediated forms, like
    their face-to-face counterparts, are used both socially and in the world of business.
    Some CMC (such as e-mail or blogging) is asynchronous, meaning that it does not
    take place in real time. You may send your message today, but the receiver may
    not read it for a week and may take another week to respond. Consequently, much
    of the spontaneity created by face-to-face real-time communication is lost in
    asynchronous communication. You may, for example, be very enthusiastic about
    a topic when you send your e-mail or post on your blog but practically forget it by
    the time someone responds. Other forms of CMC (such as tweeting, posting on
    social network sites, online forums, and instant messaging) are often
    synchronous—they occur at the same time and are similar to phone
    communication.
    Types of Human Communication

    1. Verbal Communication
    2. Nonverbal Communication
    3. Technological Communication
    Verbal Communication
    Verbal communication refers to the use of symbols in the form of
    spoken and written words to transmit messages.

    ORAL WRITTEN
    COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION

    Oral communication is the process of Written communication involves any


    verbally transmitting information and type of message that makes use of the
    ideas from one individual or group to written words. It is the most effective
    another. Oral communication can be and useful mode of formal
    either formal or informal. communication.
    Examples
    ORAL WRITTEN
    COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION
    Face-to-face meetings Emails
    • Personal discussions, business meetings

    Presentations Letters/Reports
    • Public presentations such as speeches,
    lectures and conferences.
    Telephone calls Memos, Agenda, Notes
    • Informal conversations
    Teleconferences or videoconferences Minutes of the meeting

    Interviews Project Management Plans


    Non-Verbal Communication

    Nonverbal communication refers to the use of symbols other than


    words to transmit messages.
    Examples

     Gestures
     Body language
     Facial expressions
     Voice
     Appearance
     Other environmental forces
    Technological Communication

    Technological communication includes any form of communication


    that exhibits one or more of the following characteristics:

     Communicating by technical or specialized topics


     Communicating by using technology
     Providing instructions about how to do or complete a technical task
    Examples

    Computer Applications
    Web Pages
    Help Files
    Social Media Sites

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