Watch

WO R L D M ON U M E N T S 2022
Soqotra, Yemen, a 2022
World Monuments Watch
site. Photo by Chris Miller.
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
36 A Maya Archaeological Site Grapples
with Its Postcolonial Past, International
Tourism, and Community Engagement
3 Introduction from
Bénédicte de Montlaur.
Lamanai, Belize.

5 The World Monuments Watch: Our Window on the World

By Jonathan S. Bell.
38 Sowing Seeds of Hope
By Seif El Rashidi.

6 Meet the Team. 40 History on Display

Alcântara and Rocha do Conde de Óbidos Marine Stations
(Almada Negreiros Murals), Portugal.

THE 2022 WORLD MONUMENTS WATCH LAST YEAR AT WMF

8 2022 Watch: At a Glance

Explore the 25 sites included on the
2022 World Monuments Watch.
48 Affiliate News
Catch up on the latest from our global affiliates.

10 Cultural Heritage in a Changing Climate

By Adam Markham.
50 2021 Highlights
See exciting WMF milestones achieved in the last year.

14 Climate Change and Select Watch Sites

Hurst Castle, UK; Koagannu Mosques and Cemetery,
54 Traditional Takienta Architecture of Benin
and Togo Recognized as Contemporary
Madives; Soqotra, Yemen; Bagerhat, Bangladesh. Climate Solution at COP26
Updates and interview with Ibrahim Tchan.

16 Historic Infrastructure in Nepal and

56
Peru Offers New Hope for Dwindling Celebrating Two Decades of Work in Japan
Water Supplies A reflection on WMF’s work in Japan.
Yanacancha-Huaquis Cultural Landscape, Peru, and
Hitis (Water Fountains) of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal.

60 A Jewel of Eighteenth-Century French

20 Safeguarding an Ancient Nubian Decorative Arts, Restored and Reassembled

Celebrating the completion of our work at Chancellerie d’Orléans.
Burial Ground
Nuri, Sudan.

64 A Year in Events

22
A look at WMF events in 2021.
The List to Watch
By Lynn Meskell.

JOIN US
24 Underrepresented Heritage and
Select Watch Sites

68
Kinchela Boys Home, Australia; Africatown, USA;
Become a Member
Cultural Landscape of the Bunong People, Cambodia;
Join WMF and make a lasting difference for cultural heritage.
Fabric Synagogue, Romania.

26 One of the Most Important Examples

of Modernism in Africa in Need of 70 More Ways to Give
Discover the many programs at WMF.

Conservation
La Maison du Peuple, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
72 International Council
Experience the world’s treasured places as only a member of our
International Council can.

28 India’s First Chinatown Faces Loss

of Identity
Tiretta Bazaar, India.
74 Legacy Society
Become a member of our Legacy Society.

32 Reconciling the Current and Future

Challenges of Imbalanced Tourism at 78 WMF at a Glance
WMF’s mission, values, and other information.
Heritage Sites
By Fergus T. Maclaren.

80 Thank You to Our Supporters

World Monuments Fund’s work couldn’t be done without you!

34 Imbalanced Tourism and

Select Watch Sites
Teotihuacan, Mexico; Yongtai Fortified Manors, China;
Abydos, Egypt.
Detail of Shipyards by José de
Almada Negreiros, located in
Rocha do Conde de Óbidos
Marine Station, Lisbon, Portugal.
Image courtesy Port of Lisbon.

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Dear Friends,
I could not be more excited to share with you the 25 sites selected for the 2022 World
Monuments Watch. We look forward to working with you all to do our part to help
preserve humanity’s irreplaceable heritage.

S
panning twenty four countries across six continents, this latest
selection of places nominated by partners around the globe reflects
the diversity of our world’s cultural treasures and some of the most
pressing challenges they face: climate change, imbalanced tourism,
and underrepresentation.

Climate change was identified by UNESCO as a threat to 72% of World

Heritage sites around the world. We need to develop new strategies and
revive proven practices that address this growing crisis.

The pandemic has brought to light the precarious relationship between

heritage and tourism: visitors bring essential revenue that supports
heritage sites, but inadequate management of visitation
can cause irreparable damage and exclude local communities.
Post-pandemic tourism cannot return to old models.

Finally, the last few years have underscored more than ever the critical importance of ensuring that
heritage, from local statues and monuments to expansive cultural landscapes, represents multiple
voices and narratives, thus broadening our shared understanding of the human experience.

We look forward to partnering with the 2022 Watch nominators to develop effective and
sustainable solutions that help balance tourism, adapt to climate change, and gain recognition for
underrepresented heritage.

Like you, we know that heritage can play a transformative role in our world. Our heritage places
not only shape our identity and worldview but also represent an extraordinary resource for
communities, serving as a catalyst for positive change and sustainable revenue.

As we embark on this journey, we are more grateful than ever for your steadfast support. World
Monuments Fund’s partners, advocates, and patrons everywhere share the same belief in the power
of heritage and mobilize to safeguard the irreplaceable. This is what drives our work across the
globe, allowing us to broaden and deepen our impact at every turn, and we want to thank you.

Warmly,

Bénédicte de Montlaur
President and CEO

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The World Monuments Watch:
Our Window on the World
By Jonathan S. Bell, Vice President of Programs, WMF

Through the 2022 Watch, WMF will work closely with new
community partners to address their greatest heritage needs and
develop local solutions that have global application.

T
he World Monuments Watch, launched in Review begins with the WMF team and external
1996, has brought international attention and professionals coordinated through the International
resources to heritage sites and communities all Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS). The
over the world for over 25 years. Originally conceived double evaluation is invaluable in weighing key
as a list to concentrate the world’s focus on places criteria for selection: urgency, viability, and the
most in need, it has evolved into a program that often potential for long-term impact. For 2022, we further
leads to the development of innovative preservation considered whether nominations would promote
projects effecting positive change and tackling some WMF’s three global priorities of climate change,
of the major issues of our time. imbalanced tourism, and underrepresentation.
Once reviews are complete, the organization convenes
A Watch year at World Monuments Fund (WMF) to debate the rigor and potential of nominations,
is a moment of excitement. Diverse nominations ultimately paring down the list to roughly 50
from around the globe elicit a sense of discovery candidates. An external panel of international experts
and profound responsibility integral to our identity then reviews the shortlist and, over days of debate,
since the first Watch in 1996. The entire organization composes the final selection of 25 places. In the pages
takes part in narrowing down the places that will that follow, we include the perspectives of four of
embody our mission and focus our work over the the Watch Selection Committee members this year:
coming years. Our window on the world, the Watch Adam Markham on climate change and heritage,
is an opportunity to reflect on the greatest needs of Lynn Meskell on underrepresentation and the role
communities and shape our priorities accordingly. of the Watch, Fergus T. Maclaren on the concept of
imbalanced tourism, and Seif El Rashidi on post-
Each biennial cycle begins with a call for nominations. crisis recovery.
Responses, totaling 227 this year, come from
individuals, community-based organizations, heritage The Watch represents a valuable cross-section
entities, and even national governments. As varied of heritage places and conservation challenges.
as the nominators themselves, the places submitted Deliberating both internally and externally, we
range from Indigenous cultural landscapes to historic identify the most pressing needs and determine
neighborhoods to individual structures. Together, how WMF can have the most significant, long-lasting
the nominations represent the rich diversity of impact. Through the 2022 Watch, WMF will work
communities and their heritage. closely with new community partners to address their
greatest heritage needs and develop local solutions
that have global application.

Left: Pointed arch arcade within Mughal Emperor

Jahangir’s tomb in Shahdara, Lahore, Pakistan.

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THE TEAM WORLD MONUMENTS FUND

Front row, from left: Judith Walker, Emma Sweeney, Alessandra Peruzzetto, Javier Ors Ausín, Renata Távara,
Elimarie Garcia-Cosme, Karaugh Brown, Beth Harrison, Johnette Pride, Karen McGill, Anne-Julie Revault.

Back row, from left: Ed Guillén, Nowshin Tabassum, Alexandra Gershuny, Angelina Altobellis, Alexa Osgoodby,
Charlotte Masters, Amita Baig, Mitsuo Inagaki, Hung-hsi Chao, John Darlington, Stephanie D. Ortiz, Jeff Allen,
Stephen Battle, Bénédicte de Montlaur, Jonathan S. Bell, Ginevra Boatto, Scott Goodwin, Ann Cuss, Brian Keliher,
Teresa Veiga de Macedo, Chantel Russ, Pablo Longoria, Mai Woodcock, Yiannis Avramides.

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WMF staff not pictured: Hiba Alkadri, Swati Apte, Fernanda Brandao, Karol Hermoza, Christopher Jeannopoulos,
Jason Knauer-Nassau, Liu Chang, Darlene McCloud, Elías Mujica, Yamilette Yatiz.

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 at a glance
2022 Watch Kinchela Aboriginal Boys Training Home
Kinchela, Australia
A survivor-led effort seeks to transform a former government
institution for Aboriginal boys forcibly taken from their families
into a place of truth-telling and healing.
Mosque City of Bagerhat
Bagerhat, Bangladesh
The religious landscape of ancient Khalifatabad requires
climate adaptation to ensure its survival and continued service
to the Bagerhat community.

Cultural Landscape of the Bunong People Fortified Manors of Yongtai

Mondulkiri Province, Cambodia Fujian Province, China
Mapping and documentation of heritage places can support Fortified family homes in remote southeast China present
the Bunong people’s struggle to protect ancestral land from an opportunity for rural revitalization, community-led
agro-industrial development and encroachment. environmental management, and sustainable tourism.

Sumba Island Heritage Buildings of Beirut

Indonesia Lebanon
The sacred houses of the Sumbanese people will be lost The vibrant coastal city of Beirut, devastated by the blast of
without community-led training in the traditional knowledge August 2020, needs further recovery support to protect and
necessary to maintain these structures and their layers of rehabilitate the historic buildings essential to its identity.
symbolic meaning.

Hitis (Water Fountains) of the Kathmandu Tomb of Jahangir

Valley Lahore, Pakistan
Nepal The only imperial Mughal tomb in Pakistan requires restoration
An extensive system of historic water distribution points and to foster new visitation and provide invaluable greenspace for
underground channels needs maintenance to ensure that local community recreation within an expanding urban setting.
communities have reliable access to clean water.

Nuri Hurst Castle

Sudan Hampshire, United Kingdom
Royal pyramids of the ancient kingdom of Kush threatened by A fortress built by Henry VIII that suffered partial collapse
environmental factors require renewed management strategies in 2021 illustrates the urgent need to address the impact
and conservation interventions to prevent further deterioration. of climate change on coastal heritage through continued
monitoring.

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Lamanai Monte Alegre State Park La Maison du Peuple
Indian Church Village, Belize Brazil Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
An international tourist destination encompassing an ancient Prehistoric cave paintings in the Amazon are threatened by An important landmark and unique example of African
Maya city requires a more inclusive heritage management environmental degradation and call for improved stewardship modernism in Burkina Faso requires rehabilitation to enhance
plan to help reinforce the relationship between the site and that engages and benefits nearby communities. public life and foster civic pride.
local residents.

Abydos Asante Traditional Buildings Tiretta Bazaar

Egypt Ghana Kolkata, India
Tourism and encroachment at one of Ancient Egypt’s Sacred earthen shrines, among the last architectural vestiges India’s earliest Chinatown is home to minority communities
most important sites require technical expertise and of the Kingdom of Asante, face ongoing deterioration that calls seeking recognition for their history and urban revitalization
careful planning to support sustainable preservation. for new approaches to management and maintenance. to support their way of life.

Benghazi Historic City Center Koagannu Mosques and Cemetery Teotihuacan

Libya Maldives San Juan Teotihuacan, Mexico
Revival of an important public square in war-ravaged A historic waterfront cemetery with distinct coral-stone More inclusive tourism planning and visitor management at
Benghazi can catalyze recovery efforts and serve as a architecture is threatened by rapidly rising seas and highlights an iconic archaeological park can help address economic
symbol of community-driven urban resilience. the urgency of the climate crisis and the need for adaptive challenges facing surrounding communities.
preservation solutions.

Yanacancha-Huaquis Cultural Landscape Alcântara and Rocha do Conde de Óbidos Fabric Synagogue and Jewish Heritage
Miraflores District, Peru Marine Stations (Almada Negreiros Murals) of Timișoara
Ancient pre-Inca water management systems and sustainable Lisbon, Portugal Timișoara, Romania
tourism planning are crucial for an Andean community to Mid-century murals by Afro-Portuguese artist José de Almada Cultural mapping and restoration of a grand synagogue can
adapt to climate change and provide local economic benefit. Negreiros need conservation to promote underrepresented bring renewed visibility to Jewish heritage in western Romania
narratives and serve as a catalyst for port revitalization. and promote local social cohesion.

Africatown Garcia Pasture Soqotra

Mobile, Alabama, United States Brownsville, Texas, United States Yemen
A historic Alabama community established by formerly The traditional territory of the Carrizo/Comecrudo Tribe The Soqotri people seek to protect and promote their identity
enslaved Africans is seeking support to leverage a recent of Texas threatened by natural resource extraction and through cultural mapping and inventory of their rich heritage
archaeological discovery to protect their homes and call for desecration of ancestral lands requires formal legal recognition across the island of Soqotra.
environmental justice. to ensure its future.

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2022 WAT C H C L I M AT E CHANGE

There are also lessons to be learned about

how communities have adapted
to harsh climates and environments.

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Cultural Heritage
in a Changing Climate
By Adam Markham, Union of Concerned Scientists
2022 World Monuments Watch International Selection Panel

C
limate change is the fastest-growing as rainfall patterns change and extreme events,
threat to heritage sites across the world, including droughts and storms, become more
and as such it was chosen as one of the intense. There is much to learn from ancient water
themes for the 2022 Watch. As a member management systems, and two of this year’s World
of the independent panel that gathered Monuments Watch sites may provide lessons that
(remotely) over three days to make the can be used for improving climate resilience in other
final recommendation of sites for inclusion, I was places. In Nepal, the network of hitis (water taps
impressed by the number of nominations we reviewed and fountains) of the Kathmandu Valley has been
that had started to grapple with the complexity of supplying clean water to communities for more than
the climate issues they face. Most that cited climate 1,000 years, and in addition to being a unique element
change were concerned with the current and future of the region’s cultural heritage, it will be crucial to
impacts of climate change, including coastal erosion water security as the Himalayan climate continues to
and flooding, and extreme weather events and hotter warm and glacier meltwaters change.
environmental conditions, but several also addressed
the role of cultural heritage as models for climate In Peru, the Watch project for the Yanacancha-
resilience. Huaquis Cultural Landscape aims to restore a
pre-Inca water system consisting of small dams,
Perhaps the 2022 Watch site under the most canals, and agricultural terraces. These ancient
immediate threat is the Koagannu Mosques and water management technologies can tell stories of
Cemetery in Maldives, where sea level rise threatens how people have adapted to climate changes in the
to inundate not just this important place but also past. In the archaeology and intangible heritage of
much of the rest of this low-lying island nation in the the biologically unique islands of Yemen’s Soqotra
Indian Ocean. Sea level rise is also the main concern archipelago, a World Heritage site in the Arabian
for Hurst Castle in the United Kingdom, since erosion Sea, there are also lessons to be learned about how
has already caused a major part of its wall to collapse. communities have adapted to harsh climates and
English Heritage, the national agency that manages environments.
Hurst Castle, hopes to use lessons learned there to
help inform future management of other at-risk Although I have highlighted here a few of the Watch
coastal properties. sites for which responding to climate change was a
central element in the nomination, it is likely that
Another site picked this year is Nuri in Sudan, an almost all the monuments selected will be affected in
extraordinary collection of pyramids and other some way. Whether the threat is from more frequent
funerary monuments, the earliest of which date wildfires, coastal erosion, flooding, changed rainfall
from the eighth century BCE. Nuri sits in the Nile patterns, or impacts of changes in heat and humidity
Valley and its underground chambers in particular on building materials, understanding local climate
are susceptible to flooding as the water table rises in impacts will be critical for the preservation and
response to climate change and poorly planned dams. management of pretty much all monuments in the
future. Cultural heritage itself is crucial for creating
Understanding how to manage water resources in a and maintaining climate resilience, and this too is
rapidly changing climate is increasingly important reflected in the 2022 World Monuments Watch.

Left: The communities of Soqotra Island, Yemen, learned to cope with an extreme climate that is now changing, with longer, more
severe dry periods and increased tropical storm activity. These iconic Dragon’s Blood Trees were damaged during unprecedented
back-to-back cyclones in 2015. Harvesting resin from these endemic trees is a practice that has continued for many generations
and produced a highly valuable commodity in antiquity.

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 Hurst Castle in Hampshire, England, as
seen from the southeast. After decades of
exposure to coastal erosion, the eastern gun
battery partially collapsed in February 2021.

Watch | 2022 13
 Climate change will continue to intensify, causing damage to homes, communities,
and treasured heritage places around the world. These 2022 Watch sites, among
others, speak to this challenge and demonstrate the need to measure, adapt, and
build resilience in the years to come.
PHOTO COURTESY ENGLISH HERITAGE.

PHOTO BY M MAUROOF JAMEEL.

Hurst Castle Koagannu Mosques and Cemetery
UNITED KINGDOM – Hurst Castle is a historic fort that sits at MALDIVES – The historic burial ground of Koagannu is
the end of a shingle-covered spit of land on England’s southern the oldest and largest across the island nation of Maldives,
coast. This location was originally fortified in 1544 at the order enclosing more than 1,500 grave markers, a number of
of King Henry VIII and took its current form between 1861 and mausolea, and four surviving mosques. All structures are made
1875 with the addition of two long gun batteries extending out of carved coral, cut from the shallow reefs around Addu
along the waterfront. While the castle was never attacked, it Atoll and shaped into blocks. Koagannu Cemetery preserves
has become a popular heritage attraction, allowing visitors to this rich building culture while continuing to be used for
understand the history of England’s coastal defenses and enjoy burials and serving as an anchor of communal life. But all low-
the experience of the seaside. The site’s long-term survival lying islands of Maldives face an existential threat from sea
depends on the ability to protect the structure from the sea, level rise. According to current projections, it is possible that
which is made ever harder by sea level rise. When heavy storms the majority of the land area of Maldives will be underwater by
wash away the protective shingle, they expose the foundation the end of this century. The Coral Stone Mosques of Maldives
of the nineteenth-century batteries to the action of the waves. are now a candidate site for inscription on the World Heritage
The site’s custodians are mounting a substantial conservation List—the country’s first. If inscribed, the site would represent
program, but they point out that the local sea level is predicted a powerful call for climate action on behalf of the citizens of
to rise by up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) over the next 100 years, Maldives and other low-lying island states. The 2022 World
making change and loss inevitable. The 2022 Watch calls Monuments Watch seeks to support a plan to document and
attention to Hurst Castle as a warning about the future fate protect the grave markers of Koagannu, while adding to our
of coastal heritage places, and as a global case study of the understanding of Indian Ocean histories and advocating for
challenging tradeoffs necessary in adapting to climate change. global climate action.

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PHOTO COURTESY SOQOTRA HERITAGE PROJECT.

PHOTO BY SK HASAN ALI/SHUTTERSTOCK.

Soqotra Mosque City of Bagerhat
YEMEN – The world’s changing climate is threatening BANGLADESH – The district of Bagerhat contains the
biodiversity, built heritage, cultural traditions, and local surviving monuments of Khalifatabad, a town built in the
livelihoods on the island of Soqotra in the Arabian Sea. Ganges Delta in the fifteenth century, when the dominant
Soqotra’s geographic isolation has given rise to a unique power in the region was the Bengal Sultanate. The new
ecosystem, attracting scientific interest in its hundreds of capital was laid out along a river, containing monumental
endemic plant species. But the outside global regard for brick architecture that resembles the Tughlaq style of Delhi,
Soqotra’s biodiversity has often resulted in overlooking the adapted to the tropical local climate. The historic mosques of
unique cultural heritage and living traditions of the Soqotri Bagerhat are used daily for religious worship, and the tomb
people. Today, alongside a distinctive culture based on the of its founder, Khan Jahan, plays host to an annual festival
endangered Soqotri language, music, and poetry, Soqotra and fair dedicated to his memory and attracting adherents
contains rock art sites, traditional agricultural wall systems, of different faiths to Bagerhat. Located in the Ganges Delta,
Arab and Portuguese forts, settlements, churches, mosques, the monuments of Bagerhat have always been affected by
and burial places. This rich living heritage deserves recognition salt-water flooding. Today a confluence of factors, chief
and protection. As global climate change intensifies, devastating among them global climate change, is driving the salinity of
cyclones are increasing in frequency, as seen in extreme weather local water further upwards. Bagerhat’s nomination to the
events in 2015 and 2019 that took a destructive toll on Soqotra’s 2022 World Monuments Watch is a call for exploration of
heritage. The 2022 World Monuments Watch seeks to support climate adaptation mechanisms in the context of monument
collective efforts to promote recognition of Soqotri living protection, one that will allow the monuments of Khalifatabad
traditions and traditional knowledge, as well as long-term to continue to frame the lives of the Bagerhat community as it
preservation of all of Soqotra’s cultural and natural heritage. adapts to unprecedented environmental change.

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WAT C H SPOTLIGHT HITIS (WATER FOUNTAINS) OF THE KATHMANDU VALLEY, NEPAL

Historic Infrastructure
in Nepal and Peru Offers
New Hope for Dwindling
Water Supplies

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R
eliable water supplies are at risk.
Water shortages represent a
significant challenge around the
world, but particularly in developing
countries where large numbers of
people may not have regular access
to clean water. More and more, the importance of
traditional water provision and management systems
is coming to light as climate change and growing
populations undermine the reliability of modern
water supplies.

In the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal, nearly 20% of

residents do not have access to water within their
homes and must seek their daily supply elsewhere.
While more than 70% of the valley’s population
relies on piped underground water, in recent years
Kathmandu water purveyors have provided water
only intermittently, sometimes just a few days
a month, with increasing severity of monsoons
further interrupting supply. Given these challenges,
traditional public water fountains, known as dhunge
dhara or hiti, are essential to the local population.
Dating from as far back as the sixth century CE,
the system of hitis has been a permanent fixture
throughout the Kathmandu Valley. The ornate
fountains are typically carved in the form of Hindu
and Buddhist mythical creatures known as hitimanga
(makara in Sanskrit) and provided nearly 3 million
liters of water per day as recently as 2008. Today,
only a portion of extant hitis still provide water, and
continuing development threatens their existence.
The 2022 Watch includes the Hitis of the Kathmandu
Valley in an effort to raise awareness of this essential
network of traditional water fountains and call
for their enhanced protection, as well as support
improved management of the underground aquifers
and water table that feed them.

Local residents queue to fill

containers with water from a hiti in
Kathmandu, Nepal. Photo courtesy
Chiva Chaitya Organization.

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WAT C H SPOTLIGHT YANACANCHA-HUAQUIS CULTURAL LANDSCAPE, PERU

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Across the world in Peru, another example of a
traditional water infrastructure extends across an
ancient cultural landscape nestled within the Andes.
Here, pre-Inca civilizations (Yauyos) developed an
intricate series of dams, reservoirs, and channels to
divert, filter, and retain spring water and glacier melt
for the irrigation of high-altitude pastures and lower-
altitude fields, as well as for human consumption.
The infrastructure, some of which dates to the ninth
century CE, creates fertile wetlands in the high, dry
puna ecosystem that were used to harvest water
and sediments for grass to feed livestock. The water
retention allows for percolation and replenishment
of natural springs at lower altitudes used to irrigate
agricultural terraces and supply water for daily use.
When maintained, the system provides effective water
management across a large, mountainous landscape
that impacts communities across the Cañete River
basin. Unfortunately, much of the infrastructure
has been largely abandoned and key maintenance
practices forgotten by the local Indigenous heirs
of this incredible heritage. The inclusion of the
Yanacancha-Huaquis Cultural Landscape on the
2022 Watch aims to draw attention to this historic
water management network while encouraging
the expansion of recent rehabilitation efforts and
the development of a sustainable tourism plan that
provides local community benefit.

In Nepal and Peru, like many other places around

the world, new challenges related to water use are
bringing to light the incredible traditional water
management systems that served communities
continually for over one thousand years. As modern
practices are proving insufficient in the face of
climate change and increased water demand, the
promise of rehabilitating ancient water infrastructure
and reviving traditional management strategies
appears too good to be true. However, time and
time again, traditional knowledge and age-old
infrastructure are being rediscovered and put to use
to address the most salient challenges of our world.
World Monuments Fund is proud to showcase these
two examples of impressive infrastructure on the 2022
Watch and support their protection and revitalization
in the face of climate-driven changes in water supply
and ever-increasing demand.

Ruins of Huaquis, within the Yanacancha-

Huaquis Cultural Landscape, one of the most
inhospitable environments of the Andes.
Here the local community concentrates on
the conservation of the traditional water
systems that enable their survival.

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WAT C H SPOTLIGHT NURI, SUDAN

Safeguarding an
Ancient Nubian
Burial Ground

...the site’s inclusion on the 2022 Watch represents

an effort to preserve the monuments of Nuri in the
This page: Napatan King Aspelta’s
context of threatening external forces exacerbated pyramid. Right: Burial chamber of
Kushite Queen Yeturow, damaged
by climate change... by groundwater, Nuri, Sudan.
Photos courtesy John Partridge/
Nuri Archaeological Expedition.

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L
ocated on a small plateau adjacent to Nuri is poised to attract visitors as more foreign
the Nile River in Nubia, the site of Nuri tourists travel to Sudan, but the pyramids are in
became a royal burial ground for the urgent need of protection to ensure their survival.
ancient kingdom of Kush starting in Wind-driven sand slowly erodes their sandstone
the middle of the seventh century BCE. surfaces, especially those most exposed. More
During this time, five Kushite rulers dramatically, rising groundwater at Nuri has
gave Egypt its 25th Dynasty of pharaohs, also known inundated rock-cut burial chambers lying beneath
as the Nubian Dynasty or the Black Pharaohs. The the sandstone pyramids. The increase in the water
founder of the dynasty, Piye, built a pyramid for table is a complex phenomenon, affected by natural
himself in the royal cemetery at El-Kurru, reviving and human-made forces, including irrigation for
the ancient Egyptian tradition of pyramid-building agriculture. The prospect of more land coming under
after a long period of dormancy. One of his sons, cultivation in the near future due to the effects of
Taharqa, chose the new site of Nuri for his own climate change on food production is all the more
pyramid, and many of his successors were also buried worrying.
at the site, as were other royals of Kush. Over time the
site hosted hundreds of burials, even after the Kushite Joining Sudan’s National Corporation for Antiquities
capital moved. and Museums and the Nuri Archaeological
Expedition, an international group of Nuri scholars
Today, Nuri is seen as a rich archaeological landscape, who carry out research at the site, the site’s inclusion
where Kushite and Egyptian legacies merged with on the 2022 Watch represents an effort to preserve
later Hellenistic and Roman influences, Indigenous the monuments of Nuri in the context of threatening
African traditions, as well as Christian, Arab, and external forces exacerbated by climate change, while
Ottoman histories. This view of Nuri and ancient also paving the way for future tourism that can
Nubia reverses the racial prejudice of some modern benefit neighboring communities.
scholarship, which often dismissed Nubian
accomplishment as a mere reflection of Egyptian
cultural influence.

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2022 WAT C H UNDERREPRESENTED H E R I TA G E

For those of us who are wary of the purely monumental approach,

where saving historic places is deemed more important than the
plight of people, the Watch offers an alternative vision for what
conservation and communities can achieve together.

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The List to Watch
By Lynn Meskell, Professor of Anthropology and Historic Preservation, University of Pennsylvania
2022 World Monuments Watch International Selection Panel

...commitment to elevating underrepresented heritage means

more than identifying and preserving the material vestiges of
other people’s pasts.

W
hat impressed me about World the rights of Indigenous owners to use, develop,
Monuments Fund and the panel and control their ancestral lands, and to maintain
deliberations over the 2022 Watch and strengthen their spiritual relationship with
selection was its commitment to the land. Garcia Pasture and its place on the Watch
communities today, their priorities and values, and also signifies a commitment to bridging cultural
addressing human rights globally, not simply the and natural heritage values, in this instance to halt
vast undertaking of conserving heritage. the decimation of cultural lifeways coupled with
environmental destruction wrought by the fossil fuel
That commitment to elevating underrepresented industry.
heritage means more than identifying and preserving
the material vestiges of other people’s pasts. There is Advocacy is paramount, and in another case of
a real urgency in recognizing and repairing the underrepresented heritage, the Watch supported
damage right here at home, both material and the Kinchela Aboriginal Boys Training Home in New
historical. That support was demonstrated clearly South Wales, Australia—an institution implicated in
in this year’s Watch selection with two sites in the the trauma of Australia’s Stolen Generations. Through
United States. In the case of Africatown in Mobile, its international programs and visibility, the Watch
Alabama, inclusion on the 2022 Watch will bring can shine a light on communities and struggles for
further visibility to a shameful episode in history— recognition and sovereignty that can easily be elided
the last known illegal shipment of enslaved people by national authorities. Other examples include
from the Kingdom of Dahomey to the United States. Sumba Island in Indonesia and Soqotra in Yemen,
Enslaved people were smuggled on the Clotilda, a ship both of which have communities striving to retain
that was subsequently burned to conceal its illicit their traditional crafts and knowledge systems in
cargo. More than 30 people from the Yoruba, Ewe, the face of conflict and climate change. For those
and Fon courageously forged their own community in of us who are wary of the purely monumental
what became Africatown. The Watch also recognized, approach, where saving historic places is deemed
with great concern, the plight of the Esto’k Gna, the more important than the plight of people, the Watch
Native American stewards of Garcia Pasture, Texas. offers an alternative vision for what conservation and
Inclusion on the Watch is critical here in order to communities can achieve together.
focus global attention on addressing Indigenous
rights in the United States. That means honoring This is indeed the list to watch.

Left: Residents of Praingu Matualang Village on

Sumba Island, Indonesia, revitalize a sacred house.
Photo by Setya Tantra.

Watch | 2022 23
 Many celebrated historic places and monuments are reflections of power and
privilege that fail to represent the complete human experience. A number of 2022
Watch sites serve to amplify community voices and disseminate new narratives that
contribute to telling a richer, more balanced story.
PHOTO BY ALAN CROKER.

PHOTO BY VICKII HOWELL.

Kinchela Aboriginal Boys Training Home
AUSTRALIA – The Kinchela Aboriginal Boys Training Home was Africatown
the site of incarceration for an estimated 400 to 600 children
from 1924 to 1970. These children were among thousands UNITED STATES – Located just north of Mobile, Alabama, the
across Australia forcibly taken from their families as part of historic community of Africatown embodies the resilience
official programs to assimilate children of Aboriginal descent of survivors of enslavement. Following the American Civil
into white society—now known as the Stolen Generations. The War and the Emancipation Proclamation, Africatown was
Kinchela Boys Home was among Australia’s most notorious founded by enslaved West Africans transported illegally to
Stolen Generations institutions, where physical hardship, America on the schooner Clotilda in 1860. Africatown became
punishment, alienation, and abuse were part of everyday life. a refuge where residents retained their African identities,
Today, the remaining buildings and landscape offer material traditions, and ways of life. Today, while about 100 descendants
evidence of a dark period in history. They also stand as a of the Clotilda’s survivors remain in Africatown, encroaching
testament to the strength of survivors who are paving the way industrial land development and environmental impacts
for justice and healing. One survivor-led organization, the shroud its future in uncertainty. The rediscovery of the
Kinchela Boys Home Aboriginal Corporation, is in the process Clotilda in 2019 has now brought new economic and advocacy
of securing rights to transform the vacant site into a museum opportunities for the descendant community. The task that lies
and healing center. It will be the first of its kind to address the ahead requires harnessing the curiosity of visitors for lasting
legacy of violence against the Stolen Generations not only as an community benefit and ensuring that this important part
exhibition of painful history but as a living force that must be of American history continues to be told by the descendants
confronted by people today. The 2022 World Monuments Watch themselves. The 2022 World Monuments Watch highlights
supports their effort to preserve, restore, and reimagine the the need and opportunity for authentic, community-led
former Kinchela Boys Home as a national site of truth-telling preservation and supports descendant communities seeking
and healing. environmental justice.

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 PHOTO COURTESY REDISCOVER PROJECT.
PHOTO BY CATHERINE SCHEER.

Cultural Landscape of the Bunong People Fabric Synagogue and Jewish Heritage of
Timișoara
CAMBODIA – The Bunong are an Indigenous people whose
home lies in northeastern Cambodia. Bunong ways of life are ROMANIA – In a region straddling central and eastern
intimately tied to their ancestral lands, where they continue Europe, the western Romanian city of Timișoara is known
to cultivate crops and follow traditional forest management as a melting pot of people, cultures, and traditions. Among
practices. In addition to villages with distinct vernacular the groups that forged its multicultural identity during the
structures, the Bunong landscape comprises agricultural fields, Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian Empires, Jewish people
virgin forests, burial grounds, and ancestral settlements— were vital contributors to the city’s development into the
all places of social, spiritual, and historical importance linked twentieth century, a rich legacy recorded in its architecture
by religious practice and traditional knowledge. However, this and urban fabric. However, uprooted by World War II and
living landscape is under threat from aggressive economic mass emigration under communism, the once-sizeable Jewish
development, land commodification, and natural resource community includes only 600 residents today. Many fear that
extraction in the Cambodian highlands. Without legal its memory is disappearing. But with the city set to become
recognition of their ancestral territories, communities are the European Capital of Culture in 2023, the community is
struggling to protect the places and traditions that matter leveraging a unique opportunity to bring renewed visibility
most to their daily lives and identity. Nevertheless, community to Jewish heritage. Efforts to map Timișoara’s diverse Jewish
organizing is bolstering capacity to respond. For the first sites are laying the groundwork for impactful storytelling
time, local civil society is mapping Bunong territories and of underrepresented histories. At the same time, the
heritage to provide new tools for advocacy and negotiation rehabilitation and reuse of the 1899 Fabric Synagogue can
with authorities, corporations, and settlers. The 2022 showcase the value of Jewish architectural heritage to
World Monuments Watch calls for greater awareness and contemporary city life. The 2022 World Monuments Watch
supports efforts to use community-led mapping and heritage supports these efforts to protect and reinvigorate the memory
preservation as tools for strengthening Indigenous land rights of Jewish heritage places in Timișoara and promote local social
and reaffirming local identity. cohesion.

Watch | 2022 25
WAT C H SPOTLIGHT LA MAISON DU PEUPLE, OUAGADOUGOU, BURKINA FASO

One of the Most Important

Examples of Modernism
in Africa in Need of
Conservation

La Maison du Peuple,
Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

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W
hen La Maison du Peuple, or “House of A remarkable structure, La Maison du Peuple was
the People,” was inaugurated in 1965, designed by French architect René Faublée, who
Africa stood at the threshold of a new conceived of a modern, Brutalist-style building
era. Across the continent, peoples with important references to local vernacular
subject to colonial powers were gaining independence architecture. The Brutalist moniker references béton
and establishing new populist governments. This brut (raw concrete) and the architectural movement
was a time of hope, optimism, and renewal that that privileged imposing, monolithic structures
was reflected in new civic architecture, symbolizing of undressed poured concrete. Here, however,
independence and democratic ideals. La Maison du the building facade, though concrete, mimics the
Peuple is a prime example of this new architectural rich color, texture, and patterning of the country’s
language. vernacular earthen buildings. The whimsical lanterns
on the roof are reminiscent of traditional Mossi
In 1960, Upper Volta, as Burkina Faso was then known, architecture and serve as passive ventilation ducts
achieved independence from France. The newly that promote convection to cool the interior while
established political party commissioned a modern also providing natural light to the main auditorium.
building in the center of the capital that would serve The building is uniquely Burkinabé but suffers
as a meeting place for its citizens, a place for political from long-deferred maintenance and lack of legal
debate and the exercise of a modern government. protection.
Although a succession of political uprisings and
military governments challenged the country and its Francis Kéré, the eminent architect from Burkina
citizens, the building continued to serve the public for Faso, calls La Maison du Peuple “the finest example of
decades and, despite its worsening condition, is still modernist architecture in Burkina Faso and one of the
used for periodic concerts and events. most important examples of modernism in Africa.”
Inclusion on the 2022 Watch aims to raise awareness
of this architectural marvel while contributing to its
conservation and the development of a sustainable
reuse plan to ensure its future.

Watch | 2022 27
WAT C H SPOTLIGHT TIRETTA BAZAAR, KOLKATA, INDIA

India’s First Chinatown

Faces Loss of Identity

Two men indulge in a game of

mahjong in the Gee Hing Temple.
Photo by Sohini Pyne.

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Watch | 2022 29
 ...working with the community to understand its needs
and aspirations will establish a secure base for the future of
the neighborhood.

I
n the heart of the sprawling metropolis of During the early twentieth century, Chinese
Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) lies Old China migration to India, especially Kolkata, increased
Town in Tiretta Bazaar. It is testimony to the as political instability and conflict broke out
cosmopolitan nature of the former British across China. Prosperous trade with China
capital in India and the pluralistic society disappeared, forcing the entrepreneurs of
that flourished here over the last two centuries. Tiretta Bazaar to shift their focus to the local
The neighborhood began to take on a particularly production of goods. Soon they became renowned
Chinese identity in the mid-eighteenth century for their fine craftsmanship, particularly their
as Chinese sailors on the Indo-China trade routes leather products. As industrialization and ever-
started to settle in the area, bringing their own expanding global supply chains made local
living traditions, rituals, and architectural styles production unsustainable, these businesses
to the first Chinatown in India. The neighborhood dwindled and were replaced by ad hoc breakfast
today represents a distinct community that retains markets catering to Kolkata’s commuters. Once
its cultural and ethnic identity within the city. breakfast is over, the open space becomes a car
park and the community retreats into itself.
Tiretta Bazaar became the backbone of
commercial enterprise, attracting Hakka and Although Tiretta is the first and only extant
Cantonese settlers from China who ran leather Chinatown in India, its community is
tanneries, performed carpentry, and ran a large marginalized and its heritage is at risk. The
market or cheena bazaar. The Chinese migrated neighborhood suffers from a lack of recognition
to India in search of greater prosperity not as and basic services, such as reliable trash
refugees, but entrepreneurs, and their robust collection. Adjacent development encroaches
culture still flourishes. They traded as far as upon the historic neighborhood and threatens
Kunming in Yunnan and even set up trade houses its very existence, while a dwindling and aging
with Chinese businesses. In time, the Hakka community is left to uphold local tradition. The
community moved away, yet Tiretta remained 2022 Watch advocates for the significance of
the center of the Chinese settlement and an Tiretta Bazaar and for the Chinese community
important restaurant destination for Kolkata that made it a thriving commercial and cultural
residents. center. While individual temples are recognized
and protected, recognition as a historic district
Tiretta Bazaar lies at the center of the old bazaars will safeguard the entire neighborhood and
of Kolkata and includes six Chinese temples draw attention to the need for better services,
listed as Grade 1 heritage buildings by the Kolkata while encouraging its integration into citywide
Municipal Corporation. These structures are as development plans. Working with the community
much Chinese as they are local, with a blend of to understand its needs and aspirations will
architectural elements from traditional Chinese establish a secure base for the future of the
temple buildings and local colonial architecture. neighborhood, one that is robust and part of
The area is still known for its food and Chinese broader urban planning goals, while respecting
festivals that transform the neighborhood into a the unique local heritage and traditions. This is
rich cultural venue. a clarion call to preserve the diversity of India’s
heritage.

30 wmf.org
 The community celebrates Chinese
New Year, 2020. Photo by Sohini Pyne.

Watch | 2022 31
2022 WAT C H IMBALANCED TOURISM

Tourists at Teotihuacan, Mexico,

one of the most visited sites in all
of Mesoamerica.

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Reconciling the Current
and Future Challenges of
Imbalanced Tourism at
Heritage Sites
By Fergus T. Maclaren, President, ICOMOS International Cultural Tourism Committee
2022 World Monuments Watch International Selection Panel

Teotihuacan, located on Mexico City’s perimeter, is a classic case

of overtourism, potentially worsened by the new international airport
being built 15 kilometers away.

T
he World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) management challenges into consideration. Seven of
indicated in its World Tourism Barometer in WMF’s 25 selected sites had identified tourism as the
November 2021 that international arrivals are principal feature that was either overwhelming their
76% below pre-pandemic levels and recovery results destinations or needed to be introduced in a planned,
across the globe remain uneven. UNESCO reported thoughtful manner.
that COVID-19 negatively impacted 78% of World
Heritage sites and the communities living in and Africatown, in Mobile, Alabama, wants to reassert
around them, resulting in an overall 66% drop in itself to visitors as a community worth saving and
visitors in 2020. commemorating in the face of current transportation
development and environmental health challenges.
These are challenging times for cultural heritage Others, like Lamanai’s fragile archaeological sites
destinations, many of which are dealing with what in Belize, China’s Fortified Manors of Yongtai, the
World Monuments Fund refers to as imbalanced Yanacancha-Huaquis Cultural Landscape of Peru,
tourism—framed as unsustainable visitation that Egypt’s underappreciated historic temples and burial
results in cultural heritage sites either overrun by sites of Abydos, and Monte Alegre State Park in
visitors or left without the minimal level of visitation Brazil’s Amazonia region, have local residents and
to support operations. authorities eager to expand tourism, but wary of
impacts on local traditions, customs, and ownership.
However, the trending concept of tourism recovery Conversely, Teotihuacan, located on Mexico City’s
is missing the opportunity of this lull in global travel perimeter, is a classic case of overtourism, potentially
for the rejuvenation and reorientation of how local worsened by the new international airport being built
communities can actually generate more tourism 15 kilometers away.
benefits. From another imbalanced standpoint,
this also signifies these residents’ desire for a more These nominations are intended in part to
prominent say in the narrative and representation acknowledge the role that tourism can play in
of their respective locales. benefiting and revitalizing supporting communities.
The challenge in garnering this Watch status is to now
This year’s Watch panel had to take both COVID-19’s find the path toward establishing a trajectory that can
impacts on sites and their destination planning and actually support and sustain them.

Watch | 2022 33
 While well-known destinations are often overwhelmed with visitors, overlooked
sites struggle to maintain operations and generate revenue. These 2022 Watch
heritage sites, among others, offer the opportunity to apply sustainable tourism
strategies aimed at recalibrating the impacts of visitation and supporting a better
quality of life for local residents.
PHOTO BY BILL PERRY/SHUTTERSTOCK.

Teotihuacan
MEXICO – Teotihuacan flourished for nearly a millennium communities. Many local residents are unable to benefit from
until its decline in the sixth century CE. It is estimated that the opportunities tourism presents and see themselves as
at its peak, close to 200,000 people lived in the city, now outsiders to the local heritage and its visitation. At the same
seen as the most influential urban center in Mesoamerica. time, greatly diminished tourism throughout the COVID-19
The archaeological site is deeply linked to the identity and pandemic has accelerated the rate of encroachment of local
pride of Mexico and is the country’s most popular attraction, community on areas likely to contain archaeological resources.
receiving close to 4.5 million visitors every year. Excavations The 2022 World Monuments Watch calls urgent attention to
in the early twentieth century led to the delimitation of the the opportunity to establish tourism management practices
main archaeological zone and established principal visitation that enhance site protection and offer new prospects for local
patterns. However, explosive growth of tourism and urban residents.
expansion in recent years have impacted the surrounding

34 wmf.org
PHOTO BY CULTURAL HERITAGE CONSERVATION CENTER.

PHOTO BY BÉNÉDICTE DE MONTLAUR.

Fortified Manors of Yongtai
Abydos
CHINA – The mountainous region of Yongtai, in China’s Fujian
Province, preserves a large collection of fortified manors EGYPT – Abydos is one of the oldest and most important sites
known as zhuangzhai. Each of them was built to house—and of Ancient Egypt, occupied from as early as 3300 BCE. Located
protect—the members of an extended community, enclosing on the west bank of the Nile in Upper Egypt, the sacred city
hundreds of rooms around a main hall where the memory of
overlooks a desert valley once thought to offer passage to the
the clan’s ancestors could be honored. This highly forested
realm of the dead. It was the royal burial ground for Egypt’s
region gave rise to an economy based on forest products, but
first pharaohs and, later, the center of worship for the cult of
its decline has led to unprecedented social change, including
Osiris, god of the underworld. In modern times, excavations at
a shift away from the clan system and a weakening of the
Abydos have added to our knowledge of Egypt’s ancient past.
traditional function of zhuangzhai. Today, 153 fortified manors
Its monuments, like the Temple of Seti I, attract visitors from
have been identified, and more may be abandoned or in ruins.
Their custodians aim to revitalize these places by investing around the world. Yet, converging factors are putting the site’s
in local history and culture. A similar typology provides both future at risk. Inadequate tourism management and urban and
an example and a cautionary tale: the 2008 inscription of agricultural encroachment are among the pressures requiring
Fujian’s Tulou (Earthen Buildings) on the World Heritage List people-centered solutions. By working with local stakeholders
has brought increased tourism and new revenue, alongside and engaging nearby communities in site conservation and
concerns about the museumification of local life and culture. tourism planning, the 2022 World Monuments Watch seeks to
The 2022 World Monuments Watch supports the efforts to help build an inclusive model for the sustainable preservation
preserve zhuangzhai heritage while revitalizing the traditional of Abydos, enhancing site protection while creating
forest economy to build a sustainable model for the future. opportunities for better-managed visitation.

Watch | 2022 35
WAT C H SPOTLIGHT LAMANAI, BELIZE

A Maya Archaeological Site

Grapples with Its Postcolonial
Past, International Tourism,
and Community Engagement
36 wmf.org
N
orthwest of Belize City, on the west The Belizean government established the Lamanai
bank of the New River, lies the Archaeological Reserve in the 1990s and introduced
archaeological site of Lamanai (from visitor amenities that include trails, a site museum,
the Yucatec Maya for “submerged and a visitor center. Residents were moved a mile
crocodile”), a city-state dating to 1500 south to the new Indian Church Village but
BCE. Archaeological research has maintain a strong connection to Lamanai.
revealed that the site was continually occupied for
3,000 years until European contact. More than 700 In addition to its rich cultural landscape, Lamanai
Maya structures have been identified at the site, but is surrounded by a forested area home to a wide
only a few have been excavated and studied, including variety of native flora and keystone species, such
a ball court, stelae, and principal structures like the as jaguars, spider monkeys, howler monkeys, bats,
Mask Temple, adorned by two impressive carved and crocodiles. The cultural and natural landscape
limestone masks over 13 feet (3.9 m) in height. is increasingly threatened by deforestation due to
expanding agricultural lands.
While primarily associated with the Maya culture that
once flourished there—a notion that is reinforced by Like many other countries in Central America and
current visitor interpretation—the cultural landscape the Caribbean, Belize relies heavily on international
of Lamanai also comprises vestiges of colonial tourism. Revenue from tourism, particularly
and postcolonial occupation, as well as elements cruise tourism, funds the management and
of modern-day Belize. The ruins of two sixteenth- upkeep of archaeological sites like Lamanai but
century Spanish churches symbolize historical forced provides minimal benefit to adjacent communities.
religious conversion and Indigenous resistance. The current tourism model limits community
Nearby, the ruins of a brick sugar mill, now overgrown engagement and benefit by restricting access and
with trees, represent the period from 1837 to 1868 sidelining local residents from decision-making.
when the area was a British sugar plantation that Inclusion of Lamanai on the 2022 World Monuments
relied on enslaved and indentured labor. Watch underscores these challenges and the need for
sustainable tourism management that integrates the
In the 1980s, refugees from the civil wars in local community, ensuring enhanced interpretation
Guatemala and El Salvador settled among the ruins, of diverse narratives, strengthened protection of the
forming the village of Indian Church, as the site was natural environment, and improved local benefit.
known before the Maya name Lamanai was adopted.

A sustainable future
for Lamanai is contingent
upon balancing issues of site
management, unbalanced
tourism, natural and cultural
resource protection, cultural
memory, and community
quality of life.

- Ella Békési, Director, Heritage Education Network Belize

Left: Mask Temple at Lamanai Archaeological Reserve, Belize.

The structure went through five building phases and each mask
stands around 4.2 meters high. Photo by Jorge Eduardo Ruano.
2022 WAT C H P O S T- C R I S I S RECOVERY

...a city destroyed a thousand

times can be a thousand
times reborn.

38 wmf.org
Sowing Seeds of Hope
By Seif El Rashidi, Director, The Barakat Trust
2022 World Monuments Watch International Selection Panel

T
he World Monuments Watch selection with a local community group to restore gunshot-
panel process is a rigorous, thoughtful riddled buildings around the square and revalorize
one, based on debate, reflection, shared space. In doing so, it will bring back the spirit
and consensus. In parallel to WMF’s of old Benghazi and plant a seed of hope in those too
three global priorities (climate young to remember the city’s pre-war days.
change, imbalanced tourism, and
underrepresented heritage), the decision-making Beirut is known for an enviable entrepreneurial
process seeks to identify the projects and sites where resilience resulting from its history of rising phoenix-
WMF support can make a significant difference. like after a long civil war (1974–1990). Unfortunately, it
is currently at a low point due to a weak economy, and
Benghazi, Libya, and Beirut, Lebanon, both on this the devastating recent blast was, for many, a cruel last
year’s Watch, are two Middle Eastern cities that have straw. Many of its bright minds are making concerted
recently witnessed extensive damage: the first due efforts to emigrate, despondent with a city they see
to civil war (2011–2017); the second due to a horrific as being beyond physical, political, and economic
explosion in 2020. In both cases, the Watch will repair. WMF’s support, focusing on local recovery and
support the rehabilitation of public spaces in cities long-term protection of historic building stock, is
whose residents have almost lost hope. about working with community groups to empower
them to transform a part of their city. The project
Pre-war Benghazi, despite the dictatorship of aims to demonstrate that these groups can make a
the Gaddafi regime, was for the most part a well- difference by working collaboratively, despite a fragile
maintained, tranquil place of treelined avenues and governmental infrastructure. The hope is that such a
open spaces. The temperate evening climate enabled project can help mend a collective broken spirit and
a tradition of families and youth enjoying each other’s trigger a multiplier effect of community investment
company in public squares. Ice cream parlors, a in a social, if not a financial, sense.
testament to the cultural legacy of former Italian rule,
both prolonged and sweetened these informal social In both heritage cities, WMF hopes to demonstrate,
encounters. The current project to rehabilitate the as per an old Beiruti saying, that a city destroyed a
central Benghazi square will reinstate the space for thousand times can be a thousand times reborn.
social interaction and private reflection. It will work

Left: Modest houses from the French mandate period in Beirut, Lebanon, after the explosion in August 2020.
Photo by Yasmine Dagher.

Above: The Silphium Plaza in historic Benghazi, Libya, before and after the war. Photos by Salwa Burgeia.

Watch | 2022 39
WAT C H SPOTLIGHT ALCÂNTARA AND ROCHA DO CONDE DE ÓBIDOS MARINE STATIONS (ALMADA NEGREIROS MURALS)

History
on
Display

José de Almada Negreiros painting the

murals at the Alcântara Marine Station,
Lisbon, Portugal, 1943-1945. Photo
courtesy Biblioteca de Arte/Art Library
Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian.

40 wmf.org
Watch | 2022 41
42 wmf.org
 The Marine Station of Alcântara.

F
rom the outset of the modernist aesthetics created by a group vivid colors and angularity of the Cubist
authoritarian Estado Novo of young Portuguese intellectuals, and Futurist movements that inspired
regime (1933–1974) in Portugal, including the renowned poet Fernando him, the murals are masterpieces in
art and architecture became Pessoa, who later became known as the composition and storytelling but were
vehicles of propaganda for the state. Orpheu Generation. considered provocative by the regime
Lisbon received significant investment since they highlighted the history of
in its development and modernization, Portuguese migration and associated
making it the physical symbol of state struggle. Indeed, the paintings of the
doctrine and ideology with large- Rocha do Conde de Óbidos building
scale nationalist projects. The Marine were so controversial they were almost
Stations of Alcântara and Rocha do destroyed by the state.
Conde de Óbidos, designed by the
architect Porfirio Pardal Monteiro (1897– Inclusion of the stations and their
1957) as part of a major urbanization murals on the 2022 Watch draws
plan, are one of the most outstanding attention to unique heritage that
examples of modernist architecture of represents a key moment in the
the era. As part of the project, the artist modern history of Portugal and, more
José de Almada Negreiros (1893–1970) specifically, Lisbon. The structures
was commissioned to create 14 mural and their artwork simultaneously
paintings showcasing the greatness of reflect the nationalist, orderly vision
the Portuguese nation and its numerous of one of Europe’s longest-surviving
achievements to all those passing authoritarian regimes and the struggle
through the port. and resilience of the Portuguese people
as depicted by one of Portugal’s most
Born in São Tomé and Príncipe to a Portrait of José de Almada Negreiros influential artists. World Monuments
by Vitoriano Braga.
São Tomean mother and Portuguese Fund aims to support the Port of Lisbon
father, Almada excelled as a self-taught Administration in the conservation of
modernist artist, communicating his Despite the instructions of Almada’s the murals and the rehabilitation of the
creative and subversive spirit through commission at the Marine Stations underused structures that once served
multiple artistic expressions. After of Lisbon, the murals he painted as the maritime gateway to Lisbon.
living in Paris, Almada and his wife, depict diverse narratives associated Revitalizing this portion of the port will
the artist Sarah Affonso (1899–1983), with maritime trade, emigration, help ensure that this underrecognized
became central figures of the Portuguese communities of African descent (a heritage and the important narratives
intellectual and artistic society of the subject of personal importance to associated with it continue to tell the
twentieth century. Almada cofounded Almada), and the daily activities of the story of Portugal’s past and inspire
Orpheu magazine, a manifesto of communities at the port. Integrating the the future.

Watch | 2022 43
Previous spread, clockwise from top left:
Varinas and Fishermen; Jugglers and Acrobats
at the Docks; Sunday Walk by the Tagus;
Departure of Steamship with Emigrants;
Steamship with Emigrants; Shipyards, at the
Rocha do Conde de Óbidos Marine Station,
1946-1949.

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 Here Comes the Nau Catrineta Which
Brings Much to Tell. Triptych based on a
popular fifteenth/sixteenth-century poem
at Alcântara Marine Station, 1943-1945.
All images courtesy Port of Lisbon.

Watch | 2022 45
Chankillo Archaeoastronomical Complex,
Peru. Photo by Maricé Castañeda.

46 wmf.org
 This Year
at WMF
Explore project updates, events,
and affiliate news from the past year.

Watch | 2022 47
A F F I L I AT E NEWS

World Monuments Fund has offices around the world, acting locally to amplify
our work internationally. Through another challenging year grappling with a
global pandemic, these offices persevered to demonstrate the global impact of local
interventions, from the preservation of our world’s shared heritage to international
collaboration and the creation of new models for conservation, capacity building,
and balanced tourism. We look forward to the next 12 months with great optimism.

PERU
In July 2021 the Chankillo Archaeoastronomical
Complex was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site.
This achievement was the culmination of 11 years of
cooperation between WMF, the Instituto de Investigaciones
Arqueológicas (IDARQ), and local and national authorities,
under the leadership of Peru’s Ministry of Culture.

With the approval of the plan for the conservation and

community use of the Church of San Francisco de Asis
de Marcapata by Cusco’s Regional Office of the Ministry
of Culture, the Peru office will launch the long-awaited
restoration of Marcapata in 2022.

Photo by Ivan Ghezzi.

SPAIN
In Spain, 2021 was a year for global collaboration. Generous
support from ILUCIDARE, a European Union–funded
Horizon 2020 project, enabled WMF Spain to partner with
seven renowned international institutions to promote
heritage as a resource for innovation and international
cooperation. Capacity-building workshops were organized
in Egypt and Bahrain, bringing together specialists from
around the globe to promote the exchange of knowledge
between international and local experts.

Photo by Pablo Longoria.

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 PORTUGAL
In Portugal, our work focused on fundraising to enable the
conservation work at Jerónimos Monastery and Church
to continue. The work will treat the exterior facade and
address the major causes of the degradation of its interior
walls and domes. At the same time, plans were put in place
for future projects, including the advancement of scientific
research on specific conservation techniques and the
development of an interconnected management strategy
for natural and cultural heritage, with the aim of actively
contributing to balanced cultural tourism in Portugal.

Photo by Benny Marty/Shutterstock.

BRITAIN
In 2021, World Monuments Fund Britain celebrated the
completion of several projects. Bennerley Viaduct, a delicate
wrought iron bridge that floats over the Erewash Valley and
a 2020 Watch site, has reopened as an all-ability footpath
and cycleway.

Meanwhile, Moseley Road Baths in Birmingham, saved from

closure when they were placed on the 2016 Watch, were
awarded a £15 million grant from the UK government. These
funds, along with support from the City Council, Historic
England, the National Trust, and WMF, mean that Moseley
Road Baths are on their way to becoming one of “the best
local baths in the world.”

Photo by Andy Marshall.

INDIA
Finally, World Monuments Fund India devoted 2021 to
completing major work at two long-term projects, Osmania
Women’s College in Hyderabad and Lal Bagh Palace in Indore.
In 2022, WMF India will embark on a project supported
by Tata Consultancy Services Ltd (TCS) to document and
restore historic water bodies across the country, partnering
with environmental experts to bring these much-neglected
resources back to life for the surrounding communities.

Also on the horizon is a new project supported by Citibank:

the comprehensive restoration of the Church of St. John the
Evangelist, better known as the Afghan Church, in Mumbai,
which was built to commemorate the dead of the First
Afghan War.
Photo by Joginder Singh.

Watch | 2022 49
2021 HIGHLIGHTS

REVIVING THE MOSUL

CULTURAL MUSEUM, IRAQ

An iconic example of modernist Iraqi

architecture, the Mosul Cultural Museum
was severely damaged by ISIS in 2015.

In February 2021, WMF joined the Iraqi State

Board of Antiquities and Heritage (SBAH),
the Musée du Louvre, the Smithsonian
Institution, and the International alliance for
the protection of heritage in conflict areas
(ALIPH) in a project to rehabilitate the site.
WMF’s work will take an inclusive approach,
engaging local experts and the community
in the design process and envisioning the
museum’s future as a vibrant cultural center
and gathering place that will aid in the city’s
post-conflict recovery.

IN TEXAS, SAN ANTONIO

WOOLWORTH BUILDING SAVED

In March 1960, Woolworth’s in San Antonio, Texas,

made history by peacefully desegregating its lunch
counter. WMF included the site on the 2020 World
Monuments Watch to preserve this legacy.

In June, the decision by the Bexar County

Commissioners Court to save the San Antonio
Woolworth Building and rehabilitate it as part of
the future home of the Alamo Museum ensures
the site’s preservation. 1. Assyrian Hall of the Mosul Cultural Museum. The large hole in the floor was
caused by a bomb used to destroy the large stone lamassu (mythical creature
WMF looks forward to the opening of the new featured in the art of Ancient Mesopotamia), the pieces of which are visible
Alamo Museum as a milestone in enabling around the hole.
audiences to engage with this history and reflect 2. San Antonio Woolworth Building, ca. 1921. Photo courtesy UTSA Archives.
on its relevance today, thanks to the tireless
efforts of partners to secure the future of the site. 3. An abandoned ancestral Puebloan structure in Grand Gulch, Bears Ears
National Monument, USA.

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 BOUNDARIES REINSTATED AT
BEARS EARS NATIONAL MONUMENT, USA

In an act of spatial and social justice, the Biden

administration restored the boundaries of Bears Ears
National Monument in Utah on October 8, 2021. This
reversed President Trump’s 2017 decision to reduce
the protected area by 85%, exposing large swaths
of ancestral territory to drilling and mining and
denying the resources necessary to protect it from
environmental degradation, vandalism, and looting.

After Bears Ears was included on the 2020 Watch,

WMF partnered with Friends of Cedar Mesa to
protect its most at-risk sites, which are of immense
significance to the Hopi Tribe, Navajo Nation,
Ute Mountain Ute Tribe, Pueblo of Zuni, Ute Indian
Tribe, and other modern Indigenous peoples.
WMF’s work at Bears Ears National Monument has
been made possible, in part, by support from Butler
Conservation, Inc., and Manitou Fund.

Watch | 2022 51
2021 HIGHLIGHTS

NEW PHASE OF WORK AT TAKIYYAT IBRAHIM AL-GULSHANI, EGYPT

Built between 1519 and 1524 by Sheikh Ibrahim al-Gulshani, the Takiyyat Ibrahim
al-Gulshani complex was the first religious foundation established in Cairo
after the Ottoman conquest in 1517. By the late twentieth century, the complex
was left in various states of ruin, a result of earthquakes, financial limitations,
looting, and changing religious administrative structures. Recent interest in its
rehabilitation by local authorities has given new hope for the complex. With its
inclusion on the 2018 World Monuments Watch, WMF supported initial research
and documentation of the site.

A new grant from the U.S. Department of State through the Ambassadors Fund
for Cultural Preservation will support the second phase of the project, focusing
on physical interventions to conserve and restore the exterior of the site’s most
outstanding feature, al-Gulshani’s mausoleum, and the surrounding raised
courtyard. Additionally, WMF will engage the local community in decision-making
about adaptive reuse and strategies to ensure the site’s conservation can contribute
to economic revitalization of the neighborhood. WMF’s work at this site has also
been made possible, in part, by the International Music and Art Foundation.

CHIVA CHAITYA ORGANIZATION

HONORED FOR PIONEERING WORK

The chivas and chaityas, or Buddhist

shrines, of the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal
date back as early as the fifth century CE.
Originally erected in memory of deceased
family members, chaityas often resemble
miniature buildings. Over time, they have
become the focus of public worship by the
Newar people and can be found across the
valley in public and semi-public spaces.

In recent years, rapid urbanization has

led to encroachment on these spaces
and placed the shrines at risk. Inclusion
of the chivas and chaityas on the 2020
World Monuments Watch supported local
efforts to advance their recognition and
preservation.

Last November, WMF’s project partner,

Chiva Chaitya Organization, received the
Asha Chandra Dhakhwa Smriti Award
from the Lotus Research Centre, Lalitpur,
Nepal, in recognition of its pioneering
work documenting and preserving
the chivas and chaityas. The Lotus
Research Centre is an academic institute
dedicated to the development of applied
Buddhism and Buddhist studies. Its
prestigious award, given every two years,
recognizes individuals and institutions
who contribute to the protection and
promotion of Buddhist heritage.

52 wmf.org
 MONTE ALBÁN AND
ATZOMPA IN MEXICO WIN
AWARD FOR EXCELLENCE IN
CONSERVATION

Monte Albán and Atzompa, two

major archaeological sites in the
Oaxaca region of Mexico, were
severely damaged by earthquakes in
2017 and 2018. WMF quickly moved to
support the recovery and restoration
of the buildings at both sites.

In 2021, WMF’s work at Monte Albán

and Atzompa was lauded as a model
for other archaeological sites in
Mexico by the Instituto Nacional
de Antropología e Historia (INAH)
with its Francisco de la Maza Award
for Excellence in Conservation of
Architectural and Urban Heritage.

WMF completed the project at the

two sites this year and supported
both a comprehensive study of the
4. Facade at Takiyyat
damages and the development of a Ibrahim al-Gulshani,
methodology for restoration that Egypt.
would improve the site’s resilience to
future earthquakes. WMF’s work at 5. A restored chiva,
Kathmandu, Nepal.
this site has been made possible, in
part, by American Express. 6. Monte Albán, Mexico.

7. Takeyama, Kesennuma,
restored.

A DECADE AFTER DEVASTATING TSUNAMI,

KESENNUMA HISTORIC CITYSCAPE WINS TWO
UNESCO ASIA-PACIFIC AWARDS

Following the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011,

WMF worked with the Kesennuma Kazamachi Cityscape
Preservation Association for Community Recovery (KKCPA)
to help restore and revitalize Kesennuma’s Historic Cityscape
as a driver of the local economy and community spirit.

On December 1, WMF’s decade-long project to preserve the

Kesennuma Historic Cityscape in Japan received an Award
of Distinction and a Special Recognition for Sustainable
Development at the 2021 UNESCO Asia-Pacific Awards for
Cultural Heritage Conservation. WMF’s work at this site has
been made possible, in part, by The Freeman Foundation,
American Express, Hermès Japon, Save Our Culture (SOC),
and national and local government agencies in Japan.

Watch | 2022 53
INTERVIEW IBRAHIM TCHAN, BENIN VOLUNTEERS CORPS

Traditional Takienta
Architecture of Benin
and Togo Recognized as
Contemporary Climate
Solution at COP26
Koutammakou, land of the Batammariba, is a remarkable
cultural landscape that straddles the border of Benin
and Togo at the foot of the Atacora mountain range.
Batammariba means “those who are the real architects
of earth,” pointing to the importance of their earthen
construction traditions. This concept is epitomized by the
takienta, the traditional Batammariba earthen building type.

Following the inclusion of Koutammakou on the 2020

Watch, World Monuments Fund engaged in an initiative
to revive traditional knowledge of takienta construction,
working with the Benin Volunteers Corps to document and
assess traditional settlements of Koutammakou in both
Benin and Togo and carry out physical conservation at
selected sites with local artisans. The project also planted
5,000 trees across a number of communities to provide a
sustainable supply of the wooden elements that compose
the structural frame of the takienta. WMF’s work at this site
has been made possible, in part, by American Express.

In November 2021, Ibrahim Tchan, founder and head of

the Benin Volunteers Corps, traveled to Europe to attend
the UN Climate Change Conference in Glasgow (COP26),
where the takienta was named a contemporary climate
solution at the Construction21 Green Solutions Awards.
Considered alongside 192 sites across 25 countries, the
takienta received a special Jury Mention in the categories
of Low Carbon, Energy, and Temperate Climates, and
Health and Comfort.

In an interview, Ibrahim Tchan explains how traditional

takienta building techniques offer important lessons for
sustainable climate-adaptive architecture.

54 wmf.org
During COP26, the What did you learn What was the place of Is there anything else you
traditional architecture of during your participation cultural heritage and its would like to highlight
takienta in Benin and Togo at COP26? preservation in the about the tradition of
was named a contemporary discussions of global takienta in Koutammakou,
climate solution at the At COP26 I learned that we warming? particularly in relation to
Construction21 Green must act faster than ever to global warming and
Solutions Awards. What reverse the current trend of It is important to remember sustainable development?
aspects of the takienta global warming. States that just before the opening of
make it an effective around the world are already COP26 in Glasgow, the The Batammariba must be
response to climate feeling the impact of this cultural sector was included recognized as masters of
change? change in different ways. For among the strategic priorities architecture and land use
southern countries it is of the Rome Declaration of planning. Batammariba
The use of bio-sourced unprecedented precipitation, G20 leaders. The role of architecture is the fruit of
materials contributes heat waves, and drought. It is, culture was confirmed by the several centuries of reflection
significantly to the storage of therefore, difficult to be events organized by the and adaptations. As a result,
atmospheric carbon and the satisfied with COP26 knowing Climate Heritage Network it is extremely attuned to the
preservation of natural that the commitments made (CHN) at COP26 and the natural environment and in
resources. The construction so far will not achieve the release of its first manifesto, perfect correspondence with
of the takienta makes Intergovernmental Panel on “Accelerating Climate Action the religious concepts and the
intelligent use of locally Climate Change (IPCC) goal through the Power of Arts, social organization of the
available eco-materials, of keeping global warming Culture and Heritage,” which Batammariba. This
including earth, wood, néré below 1.5 degrees Celsius. calls on governments to architecture and spatial
and shea fruits, straw, raffia, Moreover, there is no integrate the knowledge and planning are responses to
kenaf, millet stalk, and cow guarantee that the skills of cultural professionals complex contemporary needs
dung. The design and use of commitments already made in the fight against climate and a lesson for today’s
these materials also provide will be honored. change. architecture in the face of
for excellent natural air climate change.
conditioning.

Watch | 2022 55
 Celebrating Two
Decades of Work in Japan

J
apan presents an interesting case in the world of heritage preservation and the work
of World Monuments Fund (WMF). Long admired worldwide for its generous public
support of its rich cultural treasures, Japan sits at the forefront of preservation theory
and practice. The country has gone to extraordinary lengths to preserve its often fragile
built heritage, from ornate wooden architecture to contemplative moss gardens, and to
maintain its intangible heritage, including artisanal practices, theater, and music.

56 wmf.org
Watch | 2022 57
 Kagawa Prefectural Gymnasium. Sanro-den, Ōzu, after restoration.
Photo by Noriyuki Kawanishi. Photo by Toru Kitamura.

Restored facade of Otokoyama Honten, Kesennuma. Restored Konishi Honke, or “House of Colored Glass,” Iwamatsu.

58 wmf.org
Historic image of Tomo, ca. 1930.

Yet even in a country like Japan, additional support restoration and to raise half of the cost locally.
can be needed. Many historic places without The project improved the overall state of the shrine,
national designation depend on community-driven resulting in its designation as a municipal cultural
efforts and uncertain resources. WMF first came to property and earning the Award of Excellence in
Japan to support one such community-led project in UNESCO’s Asia-Pacific Awards for Cultural Heritage
the port town of Tomo, which was included on the Conservation in 2016.
2002 and 2004 World Monuments Watch.
More recently, WMF worked to rehabilitate heritage
Two decades and 13 projects later, we are proud to sites and historic neighborhoods damaged by the
mark the 20th anniversary of WMF’s engagement Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011, starting
in Japan. During this time, we have worked with with their inclusion on the 2012 and 2014 Watch.
communities around the country to support In the coastal city of Kesennuma, WMF worked
projects, such as an eighteenth-century Buddhist with local partners for nearly a decade to restore
chapel once housed in the Imperial Palace in Kyoto heritage buildings as drivers of the local economy
and Kenzo Tange’s Kagawa Prefectural Gymnasium, and symbols of community spirit. Late last year, the
a modernist community landmark. WMF has also project was honored with the Award of Distinction
built strong local and national partnerships to in UNESCO’s Asia-Pacific Awards for Cultural
preserve a further 35 historic buildings throughout Heritage Conservation and a Special Recognition for
the country. At the same time, communities and Sustainable Development.
organizations across Japan have come to WMF to
strengthen their own capacity to safeguard the Today, we look to the future of our work in Japan
heritage places they value. with a vision to support the protection of traditional
craftsmanship through new training opportunities,
Much of the work accomplished is directly linked to to foster the use of public-private partnerships to
the nominations-based World Monuments Watch. fund disaster recovery projects, and to preserve
For WMF Field Representative Mitsuo Inagaki, who places important to local communities.
has spearheaded our work in Japan for more than a
decade, a clear example of its positive impact lies in Working with communities to safeguard the places
the restoration of the Sanro-den of Sukunahikona they treasure while fostering socioeconomic growth
Shrine in the city of Ōzu. is at the heart of WMF’s work around the world. It
has guided our projects across Japan for the past two
“The site had no parishioners,” he said. “It had been decades and will continue to do so for many more
protected by a limited number of local people who to come. WMF’s work in Japan has been supported
could do nothing but watch the building deteriorate. over the years, in part, by The Freeman Foundation,
Calling for support overseas was the last thing they American Express, Hermès Japon, and The Tiffany &
could think of.” A successful nomination to the 2014 Co. Foundation, among others.
Watch inspired the community to organize the site’s

Watch | 2022 59
 A Jewel of
Eighteenth-
Century French
Decorative Arts,
Restored and
Reassembled

The Grand Salon of the Chancellerie d’Orléans, 1889.

Courtesy of Médiathèque de l’architecture et du patrimoine. RMN-GP.

60 wmf.org
Watch | 2022 61
Photos courtesy the French Ministry of Culture.

62 wmf.org
A
fter two decades of painstaking The prospect of losing the Chancellerie to
work, the restored interiors of redevelopment sparked a spirited controversy in the
the Chancellerie d’Orléans, an heritage world, the first of its kind after the passage
extraordinary eighteenth-century of the Law on Historic Monuments of 1913. Eventually,
Parisian townhouse, or hôtel a compromise was made, and the Chancellerie
particulier, were inaugurated in the d’Orléans was set to be demolished in 1923 with the
Hôtel de Rohan in Paris, France, on October 19, 2021. promise that the Banque de France would rebuild the
The project, carried out by the Banque de France, interior of its main rooms elsewhere. The interiors
World Monuments Fund, and the French Ministry were then dismantled piece by piece, carefully stored,
of Culture, brought a happy conclusion to the and preserved.
Chancellerie’s remarkable story.
Over the following 80 years, proposals to reconstruct
From its very beginnings, the Chancellerie d’Orléans, the site’s fragile interiors, though put forward
a jewel of French eighteenth-century decorative many times, yielded no results. It is only in the
arts, was destined for a life of magnificence and early 2000s that an idea took hold, suggested by
adversity. Surviving changes in ownership, numerous World Monuments Fund’s French affiliate, which
alterations, dismantling, and even demolition, the would eventually bring the Chancellerie back into
sumptuous townhouse is exceptional in the history of the spotlight: the Chancellerie interiors would be
French cultural heritage. reassembled on the first floor of the Hôtel de Rohan,
in the prestigious quadrilateral of the National
Built in the early eighteenth century by architect Archives. Also built in the early eighteenth century,
Germain Boffrand, the famed building stood on the the Hôtel de Rohan had lost its original interiors in
edge of the garden of the Palais-Royal. The splendid the nineteenth century and its first floor was similar
painted ceiling of its grand salon, by famous painter in layout to that of the Chancellerie d’Orléans.
Antoine Coypel, was admired by all of Paris.
With this plan in place, the Banque de France, World
Esteem and admiration for the Chancellerie’s Monuments Fund, and the Ministry of Culture
stunning decors is a thread of continuity in the site’s began a decades-long project of reassembling the
turbulent history. First commissioned by the Duke Chancellerie once more. The best artisans of France,
of Orléans in 1703, the building served as a home including painters, carpenters, and gilders, gradually
for Abbé Dubois, favored by the Duke, and then for brought the Chancellerie’s exceptional interiors
the Duke’s mistress, Mademoiselle de Séry. A falling back to life. First overseen by WMF France’s then
out with Mademoiselle de Séry eventually led the President, Bertrand du Vignaud, the project was
Comte of Argenson, loyal to the Orléans household, subsequently led by the Operator of Cultural Heritage
to take over the house. It is under the Argenson and Real Estate Projects (OPPIC) and in particular
family ownership in the 1760s that its interiors were Emmanuel Pénicaut and completed in 2021. An
redecorated by French architect and urbanist Charles official inauguration event was held on-site on
de Wailly, who added a neoclassical touch to their October 19, 2021, in the company of project partners,
style, with the help of some of the most important supporters, and guests.
contemporary artists, such as Augustin Pajou, Jean-
Honoré Fragonard, and Jean-Jacques Lagrenée. The Since World Monuments Fund was founded in 1965,
Chancellerie would change ownership multiple we have led over 700 projects with local partners in
times—and even serve as a gaming room during the 112 countries. Our work at the Chancellerie d’Orléans
French Revolution—over the course of the eighteenth stands out in this long list of achievements as a
century, with little damage to its integrity. beautiful illustration of our values, exemplifying
what a coalition of individuals and public and
It is at the beginning of the twentieth century that private institutions can achieve when motivated by
the site faced its biggest challenge yet: demolition. a shared passion to preserve treasured places for the
This challenge was in fact a double threat: first, benefit of future generations. WMF’s work at this
from the Banque de France, which wanted to extend site has been supported, in part, by The Robert W.
its real estate holdings to the south, and second, Wilson Charitable Trust, The Selz Foundation, the
from the city of Paris, which was planning to cut a Florence Gould Foundation, and the Samuel H. Kress
street through the Palais-Royal that would require Foundation.
demolition of the Chancellerie d’Orléans.

Watch | 2022 63
 A YEAR IN EVENTS
Lectures, celebrations, and award ceremonies brought together new friends
and dedicated supporters to champion the world’s most treasured places.

2021 Paul Mellon Lecture 2021 Spring Spotlight

In May, World Monuments Fund hosted its annual Paul Mellon The 2021 Spring Spotlight was held in June and gathered
Lecture, Afghanistan: Cultural Heritage and the Forever War. supporters to reflect on the role of cultural heritage as a means
The virtual event was hosted by WMF President and CEO of recovery and reconciliation in Iraq. The hybrid event featured
Bénédicte de Montlaur and welcomed Rory Stewart, British a virtual conversation moderated by WMF President and CEO
diplomat and author; Dr. Omar Sharifi, Country Director at the Bénédicte de Montlaur. Joining her with diverse experiences and
American Institute of Afghanistan Studies (AIAS); and Shoshana backgrounds were guest speakers General David H. Petraeus,
Stewart, CEO of Turquoise Mountain, to reflect on the history U.S. Army (Ret.), and His Excellency Dr. Fareed Yasseen,
and importance of cultural heritage in Afghanistan, critical Iraq’s ambassador to the United States. The virtual event also
preservation efforts over the past 20 years, and the impacts the included a special message from Dr. Jala Makhzoumi, architect
new political equilibrium may have on heritage sites. This annual and Adjunct Professor of Landscape Architecture, American
event is supported by the Paul Mellon Education Fund. University of Beirut. Following the virtual conversation, guests in
New York City had the opportunity to join General Petraeus and
Ambassador Yasseen at an outdoor reception hosted by WMF
Trustee Hélène Marie Shafran and Jake Shafran.

64 wmf.org
Maya Lin: Ghost Forest Tour World Monuments Fund
Annual Summer Drinks in London
In September, WMF welcomed an intimate group of supporters
for a tour of Maya Lin: Ghost Forest, the haunting public
installation by artist and environmental activist Maya Lin at The WMF Britain Trustees hosted their Annual Summer Drinks
Madison Square Park in New York City. The tour was led by Reception at the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew in September.
Brooke Kamin Rapaport, Deputy Director and Martin Friedman The event took place within the balmy climate of the Princess of
Chief Curator at Madison Square Park Conservancy. Wales Conservatory, surrounded by orchids, waterlilies, and the
resident Chinese Water Dragon lizards. John Darlington, WMF
Britain Executive Director, gave members and guests an overview
of the year’s achievements and Hélène Marie Shafran, Chair
of WMF Britain’s Board, thanked everyone for the support that
enables WMF to continue our work both in the UK and abroad.

2021 World Monuments Summit 2021 World Monuments Fund/

and Celebration Knoll Modernism Prize Ceremony

In November, WMF held its inaugural World Monuments Summit In December, WMF and Knoll Inc. presented the 2021 World
and Celebration, an all-day hybrid event gathering experts from Monuments Fund/Knoll Modernism Prize to John Puttick
the international heritage preservation field and WMF supporters. Associates for their thoughtful and detailed conservation of
The Summit included four virtual panel discussions exploring the Preston Bus Station in Preston, United Kingdom, a monument
driving issues behind WMF’s work at sites around the world and of central importance that serves as a civic center of transit
the contemporary challenges of cultural heritage preservation. and urban connectivity. The award ceremony, which took place
Following the virtual Summit, guests in New York City gathered at the Center for Architecture in New York City and was also
in person at 620 Loft & Garden at Rockefeller Center to celebrate live-streamed, featured a conversation between John Puttick,
the achievements of the past year and reflect on the critical work the 2021 World Monuments Fund/Knoll Modernism Prize
that lies ahead. WMF President and CEO Bénédicte de Montlaur laureate, and jury members Barry Bergdoll and Mabel O. Wilson.
also announced WMF’s move from the Empire State Building to
Rockefeller Plaza in spring of 2022.

Watch | 2022 65
Camel trekking in the mountainous interior
of Soqotra, Yemen. Photo by Chris Miller.

66 wmf.org
 Join Us
Help us safeguard the
world’s irreplaceable treasures.

Watch | 2022 67
 Considered one of Thailand’s
most significant monuments, Wat
Chaiwatthanaram sits adjacent
to the central area of Ayutthaya,
which was inscribed on the
World Heritage List in 1991.

68 wmf.org
Membership
As a WMF member, you are a part of an international network of advocates for some of
civilization’s greatest achievements.

Join a global community of individuals who support the preservation of cultural heritage.
Members champion treasured places around the world that face threats from climate change,
imbalanced tourism, and underrepresentation.

WMF members enjoy exclusive events throughout the year, including virtual programs that
connect you to experts in the field and the remarkable places you help save through your support.

MEMBERSHIP LEVELS

$25 / $50 / $100 / $250

Your tax-deductible gift of $25 or more entitles you to:
• Email updates from WMF sites around the world
• Priority access to register for WMF public programs
• Invitations to virtually attend select conversations and lectures
• Complimentary mailing of Watch, WMF’s annual magazine

$500
All the above benefits, plus:
• Recognition in Watch

$1,000
All the above benefits, plus:
• Annual members breakfast briefing with WMF President and CEO

$2,500
All the above benefits, plus:
• Invitation to annual day trip
• Access to pre-sale tickets for our annual fundraising events in the spring and fall

Join or renew at

wmf.org/friends
For more information about membership, tax deductibility, and other ways
of giving, please contact us at [email protected] or +1 646 424-9594.

Watch | 2022 69
More Ways to Give
ANNUAL FUND
Partnering with local communities, funders, and governments, World Monuments Fund
addresses some of today’s most pressing challenges—climate change, underrepresentation,
imbalanced tourism, and post-crisis recovery—through the preservation of cultural heritage.
Your fully tax-deductible donation to the Annual Fund helps WMF advance its global mission
to safeguard the world’s most treasured places to enrich people’s lives and build mutual
understanding across cultures and communities. wmf.org/annualfund

RECURRING GIFTS
WMF donors have the option to schedule their gifts on a recurring basis. Your gift can be
charged directly to a credit card according to a schedule you determine. You may cancel your
recurring gift at any time. wmf.org/recurringgifts

JEWISH HERITAGE PROGRAM

World Monuments Fund inaugurated the Jewish Heritage Program in 1988, and since that time
it has completed 54 projects in 28 countries on 5 continents, including the restoration of 47
synagogues. Your tax-deductible gift will support our efforts to underscore the contribution of
Jewish life to communities around the world, showcasing the extent and diversity of the Jewish
diaspora and its culture. wmf.org/jewishheritagefund

CRISIS RESPONSE PROGRAM

The Crisis Response Program was created to raise awareness about the increasing destruction
of cultural heritage by disasters, to implement projects that strengthen the ability of
communities to recover, and to prevent the loss of cultural heritage around the world.
With your support WMF can provide resources for early recovery actions in the aftermath
of disasters. wmf.org/crisisresponse

WATCH FUND
Launched in 1996, every two-year cycle of the Watch includes 25 heritage places from around
the world that have been selected for their cultural significance, the need for action in light
of global challenges, and the potential for WMF to make a meaningful impact for local
communities. Support the sites on the 2022 Watch today with a fully tax-deductible gift.
wmf.org/watchfund

CORPORATE SPONSORSHIP
By partnering with World Monuments Fund, corporations benefit from an association with
the leading independent organization devoted to worldwide cultural heritage preservation.
Our corporate partners show commitment to their local communities, as well as global society.
Sponsorships can align with a company’s goals by focusing on the pressing issues that affect
cultural heritage including climate change, imbalanced tourism, diverse representation, and
crisis response. wmf.org/corporatesponsorship

FOUNDATION AND GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

World Monuments Fund works with major foundations as well as national and local
government agencies worldwide to facilitate a wide range of projects and programs.
The visionary commitment of our institutional donors has facilitated pioneering
partnerships with demonstrated benefit to local communities. wmf.org/institutionalpartners

Donors who give $500 or more during the fiscal year will be listed in Watch,
WMF’s annual magazine, in recognition of your leadership support.

70 wmf.org
In 1989, WMF’s mission to survey the
temples of Angkor Archaeological Park
in Cambodia was the first of any Western
organization since the country’s
devastating civil war from 1975
to 1979. Over 30 years later, WMF
employs almost 100 local workers
to conserve four of the temples.

Double Your Impact

When you give a new or increased gift to World Monuments Fund, your contribution
will be matched dollar for dollar by The Robert W. Wilson Charitable Trust.

To learn more, visit wmf.org/wilsonchallenge

Watch | 2022 71
72 wmf.org
International Council
The International Council is a prestigious circle of visionary leaders from around the world
who care about cultural heritage.

When you join, you become part of an outstanding global community, extending from WMF
headquarters in New York City to Council chapters in the UK, France, India, Peru, Portugal,
Southeast Asia, and Spain. Members engage firsthand with WMF’s extraordinary projects
through programs and events and take part in our exclusive travel program Monumental
Journeys. These trips include behind-the-scenes tours of WMF sites with special access to
restoration projects and meetings with conservators and scholars, as well as visits to private
collections and special receptions and dinners.

MEMBER - $5,000
• Access to Monumental Journeys, WMF’s exclusive travel program
• Invitations
Invitation to the annual World Monuments Summit
• in the UK, France,
to special events in New York, as well as events hosted by WMF Council chapters
India, Peru, Portugal, Southeast Asia, and Spain
• Complimentary private tours of select WMF sites around the world with conservation experts
• Invitation to annual day trip in the New York City area
• Priority ticketing and reserved seating at all WMF public programs
• Invitations to online programs featuring virtual tours of WMF projects
• Recognition in the annual Watch magazine
CHAMPION MEMBER - $10,000
All benefits listed above, plus:
• Invitation for two to VIP dinners in New York City and London
• Invitation for two to a privately hosted reception held in conjunction with the
World Monuments Summit

LEADERSHIP MEMBER - $25,000

All benefits listed above, plus:
• Opportunities throughout the year to attend exclusive Trustee events in New York City
and hosted by Council chapters
• Invitation for two to a private lunch with the President and CEO

PRESIDENT’S CIRCLE MEMBER - $50,000

All benefits listed above, plus:
• Invitation to travel with the President and CEO on working trips
• Invitation to a presentation about strategic organizational initiatives

As a special opportunity, individuals between the ages of 21 and 39 may join the International
Council for $2,500 and receive all the benefits of the Council Members level, as well as
invitations to special events throughout the year hosted by the Junior Board.

For more information about the International Council,

please contact Brian Keliher, Associate Director of Individual Giving,
at [email protected] or +1 646 424-9594.

Watch | 2022 73
 A moai at Rapa Nui National Park in Chile,
erected between 1400 and 1600 CE. WMF
began working at Easter Island in 1967.

Legacy Society
A meaningful way to ensure the work of World Monuments Fund continues into the
future is by planning for a special gift such as a bequest in your will or as a beneficiary
of your retirement plan or other accounts. Throughout the history of WMF,
individuals who believe in our mission have understood the value of leaving
a legacy and creating a sustainable future for cultural heritage.

Over the next two years, The Robert W. Wilson Charitable Trust has established
a generous matching program for WMF’s Legacy Society. The Robert W. Wilson
Charitable Trust will match ten percent (10%) of the value of bequests from donors
aged 65 years or older, up to a maximum of $25,000 per donor. The matching funds
from the Wilson Trust will provide critical operating support for World Monuments
Fund to continue our work safeguarding the irreplaceable. Your future commitment
has an impact today.

There are several ways in which you can create a personal legacy, have a meaningful
impact on the important work of WMF, and ensure the organization’s long-term
vitality. Some of the options available are to:

• Leave WMF a bequest in your will

• Name WMF
Name as a beneficiary of your IRA, 401(k), 403(b), or other retirement plan
• or investmentas account
WMF a beneficiary of your life insurance policy, savings,

• Name WMF as the beneficiary of a charitable lead trust or charitable

remainder trust*

*These forms of trusts are generally set up during the process of estate planning when
benefactors wish to reduce tax liabilities for inheritance beneficiaries. Please check with
your financial institution or financial planner to see if this option is available to you.

74 wmf.org
“
My husband Bob and I first became
aware of World Monuments Fund
when visiting Cambodia in 2002.
A bright blue hand-painted sign
at one entrance to the Preah

“
Khan temple complex caught our
attention: World Monuments
Fund in big letters along with an
impressive list of partners and
Visiting World Monuments Fund
donors. Very intrigued, we followed
sites around the world over the
up and discovered the true global
years, and talking to some of its
scope and extraordinary work of
dedicated staff, has enriched
WMF. We have been supporters ever
my life enormously. Simply put,
since. While I am now engaged with
WMF touches many of the issues I
WMF as a member of the Board of
care about and that is why, when
Trustees, it is both Bob’s and my
creating my will, I made WMF a
wish that our involvement continue
major beneficiary. I am proud to be
well past the time we are able to
a donor to WMF during my lifetime,
actively participate. To this end,
and it gives me great pleasure
we have made a bequest in our
that I can continue to be part of its
estate plans.
important work even afterward.
Wendy Brandow, Trustee,
World Monuments Fund Ambassador Jenonne Walker (retired)

For more information about the Legacy Society,

and to learn how your gift can be doubled, please visit

wmf.org/plannedgiving
or contact Brian Keliher, Associate Director of Individual Giving,
at [email protected] or +1 646 424-9594.

Watch | 2022 75
76 wmf.org
 World
Monuments
Fund
Safeguarding the Irreplaceable.

Watch | 2022 77
 Mission Statement
World Monuments Fund (WMF) safeguards the world’s most treasured
places to enrich people’s lives and build mutual understanding across
cultures and communities.

Values
A Sense of Wonder A People-First Approach A Can-Do Attitude
The extraordinary achievements The world’s irreplaceable and unique We approach all we do with passion,
of humankind fill us with awe places were shaped by human hands an openness to challenges, and a
and admiration. We celebrate the and have sustained people for readiness to intervene rapidly in the
world’s remarkable built heritage, generations. The link between place most demanding environments—
highlighting its diversity and and community is essential and all while employing the highest
amplifying the voices less often heard, collaboration is the foundation of our international standards in cultural
while protecting it against the natural work. We embrace humility, listening, heritage preservation and continuing
and human forces that threaten to and learning as the basis to develop to expand the field.
destroy it. projects that support long-term
social and economic benefits for local
communities.

Approximate Annual
Global Directors: Full-Time Staff: Project Employment

98 43
(More than 3 Months):

400
Founder Status
Colonel James A. Gray New York–based 501(c)(3) public charity  

President and CEO Tax ID

Bénédicte de Montlaur: 2019–Present 13-2571-900
Joshua David: 2015–2018
Bonnie Burnham: 1985–2015 FY22 Budget
$16,541,000*
Global Headquarters
Rockefeller Center Program to Expense Ratio
6oo Fifth Avenue, 25th floor 77.5%
New York, NY 10020
*Consolidated organizational budget including
HQ and five affiliate budgets. Does not include
matching funds.

78 wmf.org
Active Projects

50
Total Projects
including
08
Signature
Projects
16
Major
Projects
03 Training
Programs

31
Located in

Of these 50 active projects,

33 resulted from their inclusion
on the World Monuments Watch.
Countries

Watch | 2022 79
 Thank You to Our Supporters
World Monuments Fund’s transformative work at cultural heritage sites and
within communities around the world is made possible by the remarkable support
of dedicated individuals and organizations. With deep appreciation, we recognize
the generous supporters listed on the following pages who gave gifts of $500 or
more between July 1, 2020, and June 30, 2021. We also gratefully thank the many
supporters who made contributions up to $500 in this period. Thank you for all you
do for irreplaceable sites around the world.

Ministry of Heritage and Tourism, Cynthia Hazen Polsky

$1,000,000+
Sultanate of Oman and Leon Polsky
American Express
Melissa Stewart REN - Redes Elétricas Nacionais
The Selz Foundation
Marchesa Katrin Theodoli Ronus Foundation
U.S. Department of State
Anthony V. Thompson Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin M. Rosen
The Robert W. Wilson
Betsey and William Ruprecht
Charitable Trust
$25,000–$49,999 Charles and Lynn Schusterman
Jody and John Arnhold Family Philanthropies
$500,000–$999,999 Wendy and Bob Brandow Elizabeth and Stanley D. Scott
ALIPH Chanel Dr. and Mrs. Jonathan J. Shields
European Union Susan and François de Menil Per J. Skarstedt
Virginia James Mrs. Mica Ertegün Davide and Ronnie,
Pauline Eveillard and Douglas Gould The StefanacciWest Foundation
$100,000–$499,999 Mr. and Mrs. Robert S. Feidelson Barbara Tober
Richard Broyd Mark Fletcher and Tobias Meyer Mr. John F. Wieland, Jr.
Butler Conservation, Inc. Nora McNeely Hurley and Anonymous (4)
Denise Gwyn Ferguson Manitou Fund
The Freeman Foundation John J. and Nora Wren Kerr $5,000–$9,999
Tianaderrah Foundation/ Suzanne Cole Kohlberg Dita Amory
Nellie and Robert Gipson Heather Henricks Lenkin Babbitt Family Charitable Trust
Lorna and Edwin Goodman Britta and Jeremy Lloyd Family Angelica and D. Euan Baird
Inversiones Centenario Mr. George Loening Bank of America Foundation
Danny Kaye and Sylvia Fine Kaye Dr. Marilyn Perry Karin and Henry Barkhorn
Foundation Annabelle Selldorf Anne H. Bass Foundation
The Estate of Paul Mellon Gregory Annenberg Weingarten, Ms. Annick Benavides Workman
Stavros Niarchos Foundation (SNF) GRoW @ Annenberg The Miriam and Arthur Diamond
Donald A. Pels Charitable Trust Charitable Trust/Ms. Barbara
Hélène Marie and Jake Shafran $10,000–$24,999 Brookes
Anonymous BRISA Noreen and Kenneth Buckfire
Suzanne Deal Booth Alison Chi
$50,000–$99,999 Caixa Geral de Depósitos Bank Suzanne and Richard Clary
Prince Amyn Aga Khan Ann Chapman-Daniel Eleanor Clipsham
American Friends of the Cultural Heritage without Borders– Mr. Jason D. Crosby
Shanghai Museum Albania Mr. Xavier and Mrs. María Eugenia
Daniel Belin and Kate Ganz Henry J. Iseman de Romaña
The David Berg Foundation, Inc. Sherrill Kahn Margaret H. Douglas-Hamilton
Brook Berlind Fernanda M. Kellogg and The Ettinger Foundation
Ambassador and Mrs. W. L. Lyons Kirk Henckels Betty and Jean-Marie Eveillard
Brown/W. L. Lyons Brown James and Clare Kirkman Robert S. and Pirjo Gardiner
Foundation The Mark Krueger Charitable Fund Alice Goldet
Mr. and Mrs. Peter Kimmelman Christina Lang Assael Thea Goodman
Knoll, Inc. Millennium BCP Foundation Nana Gregory
Deborah Lehr/Antiquities Coalition Mr. and Mrs. Juan Pablo Molyneux Agnes Gund
William J. Loschert Isambard Kingdom Brunel Society Anas Halabi
Monika McLennan of North America/Mr. and Mrs. Mrs. Joan Hardy Clark
Peter Norton Kweilen Hatleskog

80 wmf.org
Manuela V. Hoelterhoff Mrs. Pamela Miles Raymond Pepi
Hunt Lane Capital Mynagement Elizabeth R. Rea
Mr. James E. Jordan Margaret Nuzum Joan Rechnitz
George and Bicky Kellner Aline Orrantia Ariel Lauren Rideout
Stephen Lash Marshall Rankin Jane Safer
Annie Liang-Zhou George J. Records Mrs. Patricia Schoenfeld
Mr. and Mrs. Peter L. Malkin Griffin Smilow Martin E. Segal
Scott and Laura Malkin Beatrice Stern Mr. Andre M. Spears and
Reverend Ian Markham Robert Wohlgemuth† Ms. Anne E. Rosen
Leslie and Laura McCurdy Charles Wong The JCT Foundation/
Thomas and Diahn McGrath Peggy and Lee Zeigler Mr. and Mrs. Jeff C. Tarr
Constance and H. Roemer McPhee Anonymous Mr. Pavana Tiriveedhi and
The Merrill Family Charitable Mr. Gabriel Willey
Foundation/Mr. Bruce Merrill/ $1,000–$2,499 Dr. Jitendra Trivedi and
Mr. Paul Merrill William and Susan Allen Mrs. Nivedita Trivedi
C. Jay Moorhead Foundation Mr. John D. Amsterdam Gretchen Van Horne and
Neuberger Berman Group LLC Patricia Bacon Jonathan Rome
Mrs. Claire O’Malley/Harris and Eliza The Barr Foundation/ Maria Vecchiotti
Kempner Fund/Harris K. and Lois Mrs. Clay H. Barr Elizabeth Von Ziegesar
G. Oppenheimer Foundation Charles and Kathryn Berry Joan L. Weeks
The Pacificus Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Anders Brag Sonali Wijeyaratne
Marian P. Pawlick Ralph E. and Tappan Wilder
Jacqueline Ranawake Alma W. Burnham Fund Mr. William E. Wilson
Reed Rubin and Jane Gregory Rubin Mr. Michael Cantacuzene Jean M. Zajac
Bonnie Johnson Sacerdote Dr. Angela A. Cobra Anonymous (2)
Foundation/Mrs. Bonnie J. Vicki and Ian J. Cohn
Sacerdote Ms. Jane Cook $500–$999
Theresa Sackler Ms. Kathleen D. Crane Acheson Doyle Partners Architects
John Schwartz Gary Cristofani Jesse Adams
Marcela Ganoza Temple Alessandro d’Ansembourg and Allen Adler and Frances Beatty
Juan Carlos Verme Giannoni Marianne Gimon Gail Aronow
The Honorable Jenonne Walker Day International, on behalf of Amal Asfour
T. Picton Warlow, IV Inditex Caroline Sharfman Bacon
Jack D. Wasserstein Mrs. Susana de Majluf Alvin Baum†
Diane B. Wilsey Bénédicte de Montlaur and Joan Baxter
Anonymous (2) Keith Yazmir George Bell
Mr. and Mrs. Juan Carlos Fierro The Michael and Sherle Berger
$2,500–$4,999 Mike Fisher Charitable Foundation of the
Ms. Kathryn Baxter and Ms. Caroline Forgason Jewish Community Foundation of
Mr. Garth Bray Doug Friend Greater Pittsburgh
Antonio Bechara The Green-Wood Cemetery Latonya Billups
Michelle D. Bricker and Ronald Guttman Karaugh Brown
Barry Eichengreen Jean and Thomas Harbeck Family March and Phillip G. Cavanaugh
Richard Brown and MaryJo Otsea Foundation Randy Cepuch
Bonnie Burnham John and Susan Hart Katharine M. Chapman
Sam and Rebecca Campbell Vivian Horan Roberta B. Cherkin and
Anthony Carr Sally Horchow Michael S. Preston
Antonella Cartoni Eric Horn Henry and Harriet Clark
City of Valencia Pramit Jhaveri Mr. Darrell F. Corti
Samuel Collins Nadia Jurjiu Kathleen Denno
Peter Eikenberry Hannah Kaye The de Wit Family
William Falahee Ms. Elise H. Kleinwaks Brian L. Ewart
Ms. Lisa Ann Fine Phyllis B. Lambert Angela Fischer
Maria Rosa Fort Brescia Mr. Raymond Learsy Pamela and Leslie Fleischer
The Honorable and Michael Lyons Rebecca N. Fleischman
Mrs. Harrison J. Goldin Mr. José Antonio Majluf Emily Frick
David and Sylvia Goodman Nikki Marshall Sonchu Gavell
Susan Horowitz and Rick Feldman Thomas and Musa Mayer Benjamin H. Gerson
Colin and Virginia Keith Andrew Moore/Karis Foundation James Guadagni and
Susan Klein Ben Nahum Cathryn Guadagni
Margo Leavin† Martha and Michael Nesbitt Manuel Guerra
Robert Littman Cathleen Noland Gary S. Hattem and Frazier Holloway
Emilia L. McLennan Dorinda J. Oliver Richard Hay

Watch | 2022 81
 Nancy Hays ENDOWMENT GIFTS BOARD OF TRUSTEES
John Herring World Monuments Fund gratefully
Frances Ann Hitchcock acknowledges the following OFFICERS
David Holberton individuals and foundations that Lorna B. Goodman, Chair
Helen I. Jessup have contributed critical endowment John J. Kerr, Jr., Esq., Vice Chair
Jocarno Fund funds to World Monuments Fernanda M. Kellogg, Secretary
Theodore N. Kaplan Fund. This list reflects leadership Peter Kimmelman, Treasurer
Mr. Patrick Kleaver endowment gifts of $100,000+, as
Mrs. Yvonne N. Leung and of June 30, 2021. We are also deeply TRUSTEES
Dr. Kam-Ching Leung appreciative of the over 100 gifts less Prince Amyn Aga Khan
Eugene Levy and Denise Soffel than $100,000 that enable World Shaikha Mai bint Mohammed
Helen and William Little Monuments Fund to commit to our Al Khalifa
Michel and Odile Longchampt long-range vision. Kwame Anthony Appiah
Richard W. Longstreth Brook Berlind
Ms. Heather Lubov Wendy Waldron Brandow
Paul Mellon Education Fund
Jordan S. Mersky Susan de Menil
The Estate of Paul Mellon
Mr. Frank Montaturo Mica Ertegün
North Six Europe Pauline Eveillard
John and Nancy Novogrod Paul Mellon Fund for Architectural
Linn Feidelson
Patrick Pagni Preservation in Great Britain
Mark Fletcher
Mr. and Mrs. Steven Pesner The Estate of Paul Mellon
Roberto Hernández Ramírez
General David H. Petraeus Suzanne Cole Kohlberg
Richard Pinkowitz Jewish Heritage Program Fund
Deborah M. Lehr
Jeanine P. Plottel Mrs. Joyce Z. Greenberg
Monika McLennan
Esther and Gary M. Polland The Ronald and
Juan Pablo Molyneux
Jessica Pulay Jo Carole Lauder Foundation
Nancy B. Negley
Emily Rauh Pulitzer Dr. Marilyn Perry
Afsah and Charlotte Quadri Sara Shallenberger Brown Donna Rosen
Kathryn Ramsay Endowed Fund Annabelle Selldorf
William Raynolds W.L. Lyons Brown, Jr. Charitable Bernard Selz
Stewart G. Rosenblum Foundation, Inc./Ambassador and Hélène Marie Shafran
Lillian Rusing Mrs. W.L. Lyons Brown Melissa Stewart
Mr. William Rutledge Marchesa Katrin Theodoli
Mr. and Mrs. Timothy Schaffner David L. Davies Endowment Anthony V. Thompson
David Scharff for Preservation of Modern Juan Carlos Verme Giannoni
Jennifer Schneck Architecture
William and Jensie Shipley The David Davies and
EMERITI AND
Roderick Starkie Jack Weeden Fund
HONORARY TRUSTEES
Terence Films The Honorable W. L. Lyons Brown,
Brinkley S. Thorne and Mazie Cox Burnham Fellowship Chair Emeritus
John Watson Jack Shear/Ellsworth Kelly Dr. Marilyn Perry, Chair Emerita
Mr. Ralph S. Wilcox Foundation The Rt. Hon. John Julius,
Windfall Films Ltd. The Viscount Norwich†,
Nancy Young and Paul Ford General Endowment Chair Emeritus
Anonymous Sidney J. Weinberg, Jr. Foundation H. Peter Stern†, Vice Chair Emeritus
Brook and Roger† Berlind The Honorable Ronald S. Lauder,
In addition, we are grateful to our Monika McLennan Honorary Trustee
supporters of World Monuments Mr. Lucius Eastman† Peter M. F. Sichel, Honorary Trustee
Fund India Mr. and Mrs. Peter Kimmelman Bonnie Burnham, President Emerita
Tata Consultancy Services Ltd (TCS) The Brown Foundation, Inc. of
American Express India Houston/Mrs. Nancy Brown JUNIOR BOARD
Interglobe Foundation Negley
Pleach Foundation Henry Iseman, Co-Chair
Citibank We make every effort to ensure the
Annie Liang-Zhou, Co-Chair
Shaleen Parekh completeness and accuracy of these
Rza Aliyev
lists. In the event of errors, omissions,
Sofia Bombieri
or other questions, please contact the
In-Kind Donations Annabel Buckfire
development department at
Taittinger Antonella Cartoni
+1 646 424-9594.
Alison Chi
A complete version of the World Samuel Collins
Monuments Fund financial statements Anas Halabi
and Form 990 for the fiscal year ended Emilia McLennan
June 30, 2021, is available at
wmf.org/finance

82 wmf.org
Aline Orrantia António Monteiro EXECUTIVE TEAM
Marshall Rankin Bénédicte de Montlaur Bénédicte de Montlaur, President and CEO
Griffin Smilow Carlos Moedas, Chairman Darlene McCloud, Executive Vice President
Davide Stefanacci Francisco Sá Carneiro Christopher Jeannopoulos,
Jack Wasserstein Gilberto Jordan Chief Financial and Administrative Officer
Charles Wong House of Braganza, Honorary Member Jonathan S. Bell, Vice President of Programs
Jorge Costa Karaugh Brown, Vice President of Development
WMF BRITAIN José Blanco, Honorary Member and Partnerships
Jorge Neto Valente Judith Walker, Vice President of Communications
TRUSTEES José Theotónio
Hélène Marie Shafran, Chair Manuel Aires Mateus
Maria do Céu Ramos INTERNATIONAL LEADERSHIP TEAM
Lord William Burlington Amita Baig, Executive Director, WMF India
Ann Chapman-Daniel Pedro Álvares Ribeiro
Vasco José de Mello Isabel Cruz Almeida, Vice President, WMF Portugal
Hannah Kaye John Darlington, Executive Director, WMF Britain
William J. Loschert Vasco Rocha Vieir
Pablo Longoria, Executive Director, WMF Spain
Monika McLennan Elías Mujica, Executive Director, WMF Peru
Jacqueline Ranawake WMF SPAIN
Julian C. Sharpe
Anna van Praagh TRUSTEES STAFF
Sonali Wijeyaratne Juan Carlos Fierro Jiménez-Lopera, Hiba Alkadri, Project Manager
President Jeff Allen, Regional Director, Southeast Asia
Alvaro Fernandez-Villaverde, Angelina Altobellis, Grants Administrator
WMF INDIA Swati Apte, Senior Advisor, WMF India
Vice President
Javier Benjumea Yiannis Avramides, Director, World Monuments
TRUSTEES Watch and Evaluation
Inmaculada de Habsburgo-Lorena
Shri Gaj Singhji, Chair Stephen Battle, Principal Project Director
Rafael del Pino Calvo Sotelo
Rahul N. Bhagat Ginevra Boatto, Regional Representative for
Bénédicte de Montlaur
Pramit Jhaveri Southeast Asia
Rosa Garcerán Piqueras
Sangita Jindal Fernanda Brandao, Digital Marketing Manager
Lorna Goodman
Priya Paul Hung-hsi Chao, Program Manager
Jose Rosales
Rashmi Poddar Ann Cuss, Regional Director, North America
José Ramón Varela
Bahram N. Vakil Elimarie Garcia-Cosme, Programs Coordinator
Juan Carlos Zurita
Alexandra Gershuny, Archivist
WMF PERU †Deceased Scott Goodwin, Bonnie Burnham Fellow
Ed Guillén, Technology Specialist
TRUSTEES Beth Harrison, Director of Institutional Giving
Juan Carlos Verme Giannoni, Karol Hermoza, Press and Communications
President Special thanks to our World Coordinator, WMF Peru
Martha Zegarra Portella, Mitsuo Inagaki, Regional Representative for Japan
Vice President
Monuments Watch founding Brian Keliher, Associate Director of
Annick Benavides Workman sponsor, American Express, as well Individual Giving
Juan Pablo de la Puente Brunke as our 2022 World Monuments Jason Knauer-Nassau, Creative Director
Xavier de Romaña Benson Watch supporter, Stavros Niarchos Liu Chang, Field Representative, China
Elizabeth Dulanto de Miró Quesada Foundation (SNF). Charlotte Masters, Development Manager,
Elias Petrus Fernandini Bohlin WMF Britain
Claudia Ganoza Temple Javier Ors Ausín, Program Manager
Marcela Ganoza Temple Stephanie D. Ortiz, Regional Director, Latin
Manuel Ugarte Maggiolo America and the Caribbean
Alexa Osgoodby, Executive Assistant to the CEO/
WMF PORTUGAL Manager, International Network
Alessandra Peruzzetto, Regional Director,
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Middle East and North Africa
Gustavo Guimarães, President Johnette Pride, Office Manager
Isabel Cruz Almeida, Vice President Anne-Julie Revault, Public Programs and
Director of DGPC, Vice President Communications Coordinator
António Filipe Pimentel, Member Chantel Russ, Database Coordinator
Paulo Pires do Vale, Member Emma Sweeney, Events and Membership Manager,
WMF Britain
ADVISORY BOARD Renata Távara, Project Coordinator, WMF Peru
Prince Amyn Aga Kahn Teresa Veiga de Macedo, Project Manager,
António Castro Freire WMF Portugal
Mai Woodcock, Development Coordinator
Yamilette Yatiz, Senior Accountant

Watch | 2022 83
A mural of the schooner Clotilda (or Clotilde), the
last known U.S. ship to bring Africans as cargo into
the United States for the purpose of enslavement.
Some of the 110 enslaved individuals went on to
found Africatown in Mobile, Alabama.

Rockefeller Center
6oo Fifth Avenue, 25th floor
New York, NY 10020
+1 646 424-9594
wmf.org

@WorldMonuments @WorldMonumentsFund

@WorldMonuments @WorldMonumentsFund
Safeguarding the Irreplaceable

wmf.org