IFYCH002 Chemistry

THE NCUK INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION YEAR

IFYCH002 Chemistry
Examination

2021-22

Examination Session Time Allowed

Semester Two 3 Hours 40 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS
SECTION A Answer ALL questions. This section carries 40% of the exam
marks.

SECTION B Answer 3 questions ONLY. This section carries 60% of the

exam marks.

The marks for each question are indicated in square brackets [ ].

• A data sheet is included in the front of the examination booklet.

• Graph paper will be provided.
• An approved calculator may be used in the examination.
• Show ALL workings in your answer booklet.
• Examination materials must not be removed from the examination room.

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL INSTRUCTED BY THE

INVIGILATOR

V3 2022 © 2022 Northern Consortium UK Ltd Page 1 of 13

 IFYCH002 Chemistry

Data Sheet

Infrared spectroscopy: Characteristic absorptions for functional

groups
-1
Bond Wave number / cm
C-Br 500 - 600
C-Cl 650 - 800
C-O 1000 - 1300
C=C 1620 - 1670
C=O 1650 - 1750
C=N 2100 - 2250
C-H 2800 - 3100
O-H 2500 - 3550
N-H 3300 – 3500

V3 2022 © 2022 Northern Consortium UK Ltd Page 2 of 13

 IFYCH002 Chemistry

Section A
Answer ALL questions. This section carries 40 marks.

Question A1

Which orbitals are spherical in shape? [1]

(a) s

(b) p

(c) d
(d) All the above.

Question A2

In the Lewis structure for the CCl2Br2 molecule, the number of lone pairs of [1]
electrons around the central carbon atom is?

(a) 0

(b) 1

(c) 2

(d) 3

Question A3

How many electrons are present in an atom of P

31 3-
? [1]

(a) 15

(b) 16

(c) 18

(d) 46

V3 2022 © 2022 Northern Consortium UK Ltd Page 3 of 13

 IFYCH002 Chemistry

Question A4

What is the oxidation number of Mn in Mn(NO 3)2 ? [1]

(a) -1

(b) +1

(c) +2

(d) -2

Question A5

If you add the missing hydrogen atoms to this carbon chain, how many H [1]
atoms will there be in total? C=C–C=C–C

(a) 5

(b) 6

(c) 7

(d) 8

Question A6

Name this hydrocarbon, [1]

(a) 2-methylpentane

(b) 4-methylpentane

(c) 1,1-dimethylbutane

(d) 4,4- dimethylbutane

Question A7

Which of the following bonds is the shortest in length? [1]

(a) C-O

(b) C-C

(c) C=O

(d) C=C

V3 2022 © 2022 Northern Consortium UK Ltd Page 4 of 13

 IFYCH002 Chemistry

Question A8

Which plot would produce a straight line for a reaction with this integrated [1]
1 1
rate law? = + 𝑘𝑡
[𝐴] [𝐴]0

(a) 1
versus t
[𝐴]0

(b) ln[A] versus t

(c) 1
versus t
[𝐴]

(d) [A] versus t

Question A9

The boiling point of methanol is much higher than that of ethane. This is [1]
primarily due to

(a) The difference in molar masses of methanol and ethane

(b) The hydrogen bonding in methanol

(c) The significant molecular size difference between methanol and ethane

(d) The carbon oxygen double bond in the methanol

Question A10

Which of the following is NOT the electronic configuration of a noble gas [1]

(a) 1s22s22p63s2

(b) 1s22s22p63s23p6

(c) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6

(d) 1s22s22p6

V3 2022 © 2022 Northern Consortium UK Ltd Page 5 of 13

 IFYCH002 Chemistry

Question A11

(a) The Pauling electronegativity values of some of the elements in periods 2

and 3 are shown below.

Period Group
1 2 13 14 15 16 17
Li Be B C N O F
2
1 1.5 2 3 3.5 4
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl
3
0.9 1.5 1.8 2.2 2.5 3

i. Explain why there is an increase in the value for the electronegativity [2]
values from beryllium to boron.

ii. Explain why there is a decrease in the value for the electronegativity [2]
values from boron to aluminium.

iii. Predict the values for the electronegativity values of carbon and [2]
magnesium.

(b) The element uranium (U) has two naturally occurring stable isotopes. The [2]
percentage abundances of these isotopes are 0.70% 235U, 99.30% 238U.
Calculate the relative atomic mass of uranium to two decimal places.

(c) Identify the major type of intermolecular forces between the particles of
each of the following:

i. CH3OH [1]

ii. CO [1]

V3 2022 © 2022 Northern Consortium UK Ltd Page 6 of 13

 IFYCH002 Chemistry

Question A12

(a) Draw the product from the reduction of propanone with sodium [5]
borohydride. Suggest one missing reagent for the reduction reaction.
Draw a curly arrow reaction mechanism for the transformation.

(b) In the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction, benzene reacts with 2-

chloropropane in the presence of aluminium (III) chloride.

i. Write the overall equation for this reaction. [1]

ii. In this reaction, aluminum (III) chloride reacts with 2- [3]

chloropropane to form the active species that reacts with benzene.
Draw the reaction mechanism showing how the active species are
formed.

iii. In the reaction, aluminium (III) chloride act as a catalyst and [1]
reformed during this reaction. Write an equation to show how
aluminium (III) chloride acid is reformed.

Question A13

(a) Consider the following chemical reaction:

N2(g) + 2O2(g) ⇋ 2NO2(g) ΔH = 68kJ mol–1

The equilibrium concentrations of the species involved in the reaction
were as follows
[N2] = 0.014 moldm-3 , [O2] = 0.2 moldm-3, [NO2]=0.0024 moldm-3

i. Write the equilibrium expression [1]

ii. Determine the value of the equilibrium constant [1]

iii. State the effect, if any, on the position of equilibrium if the [2]
temperature is decreased. Give a reason for your answer.

iv. State the effect, if any, on the position of equilibrium if the pressure [2]
on the reacting gases is increased. Give a reason for your answer.

v. State the effect, if any, on the position of equilibrium, if additional [2]

O2 is added to the mixture. Give a reason for your answer.

(b) Identify the BrØnsted- Lowry conjugate acid-base pairs in the following [2]
reaction.
H2PO4-(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ HPO42-(aq) + H3O+(aq)

V3 2022 © 2022 Northern Consortium UK Ltd Page 7 of 13

 IFYCH002 Chemistry

Section B
Answer 3 questions. This section carries 60 marks.

Question B1

(a) Define the term ‘racemic mixture’. [2]

(b) The following two organic compounds are structural isomers to each [4]
other. Carefully identify and justify the structural isomers type (skeletal,
functional, or positional) with their common molecular formula.

(c) Name the following hydrocarbons:

i. [1]

ii. [1]

(d) Draw skeleton structures – for the following organic compounds:

i. 3-ethyl-2,2-dimethylnonane [1]

ii. 3-hexanone [1]

(e) Carefully copy the chemical structure below into your answer book and [3]
then circle/identify the following functional groups:
i. Alcohol
ii. Ester
iii. Aromatic

V3 2022 © 2022 Northern Consortium UK Ltd Page 8 of 13

 IFYCH002 Chemistry

(f) The infra-red spectrum of the solid was recorded and is reproduced [3]
below.

Use the information at the beginning of this paper to identify which

bonds are most likely to be responsible for the peaks labelled A, B and
C in the infra-red spectrum.

(g) Give the number of proton environments, chemical shift, and relative [4]
intensities (integrals) for the following molecule. Justify your answer.

V3 2022 © 2022 Northern Consortium UK Ltd Page 9 of 13

 IFYCH002 Chemistry

Question B2

(a) Classify the following molecules as a nucleophile, an electrophile, or a

radical species:
i. [1]

ii. [1]

iii. [1]

(b) Ethane reacts with bromine in the presence in UV light to give mono- [6]
brominated product. Write out the complete three main stages
(initiation, propagation, and termination) equations for this process.

(c) In an electrophilic addition reaction HCl react with but-1-ene and [4]
generate 2-chlorobutane. Draw and label the curly-arrow mechanism for
the reaction of but-1-ene with HCl.

(d) Suggest two ways how addition polymerization is different from [2]
condensation polymerization?

(e) Classify the following alcohols as either primary, secondary, or tertiary

alcohol:

i. [1]

ii. [1]

(f) What is the major product of oxidation of the following molecule? [3]
Suggest two required reagents for the oxidation reaction in the gentle
heating condition.

V3 2022 © 2022 Northern Consortium UK Ltd Page 10 of 13

 IFYCH002 Chemistry

Question B3

(a) Draw a Lewis dot and cross structure (including any lone pair) for a SiBr4 [3]
molecule and determine the shape of the molecule with number of
valance electrons.

(b) What shape and bond angle would you expect for the GaH3 molecule? [2]

(c) Two ammonia ligands form a complex ion with Ag+.

i. What is the overall charge of the complex ion? [1]

ii. Write the formula for the complex ion. [1]

iii. What is the coordination number of the complex ion? [1]

iv. Explain how ammonia ligands form a complex ion with Ag+? [1]

v. What is the geometry of the complex ion? [1]

(d) 30.0 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm–3 HCl solution is transferred to a conical flask
and titrated against 0.200 mol dm–3 NaOH solution. The equation for the
acid base neutralization reaction is given below

NaOH + HCl → NaCl +H2O

Calculate the pH of the solution:

i. Before any NaOH is added: [3]

ii. After addition of 5.0 cm3 of the NaOH solution: [5]

(e) Define the term ‘buffer solution’. [2]

V3 2022 © 2022 Northern Consortium UK Ltd Page 11 of 13

 IFYCH002 Chemistry

Question B4

(a) The following kinetic data were obtained for the reaction between
iodomethane and OH- ion:
CH3I (aq) + OH- (aq) CH3OH (aq) + I- (aq)

Experiment [CH3I] [OH-] Initial rate

(mol dm-3) (mol dm-3) mol dm-3 s-1
1 0.10 0.20 1.30 x 10-6
2 0.50 0.20 6.50 x 10-6
3 0.10 0.30 1.95 x 10-6

i. Determine the rate law for the reaction. Justify your answer. [3]

ii. What is the overall order of the reaction? [1]

iii. Determine the value of the rate constant. [4]

iv. Determine the rate of the reaction when [CH3I]=0.40 mol dm-3 and [2]
[OH-]=0.10 mol dm-3.

(b) Chlorine gas can be prepared in the laboratory by the reaction of

hydrochloric acid with manganese (IV) oxide. The equation for the
reaction is given below

MnO2(g) + HCl(aq) → MnCl2(aq) +H2O(l)+ Cl2(g)

i. Balance the chemical equation [1]

ii. In an experiment, a sample of 35.1 g MnO2 is added to a 350cm3 [6]

(0.3 moldm-3) hydrochloric acid solution. What is the theoretical
yield of Cl2? Give your answer to three significant figures.

iii. If the yield of the reaction is 77.3%, what is the actual yield of [1]
chlorine?

(c) Write the atomic symbol ( 𝐴𝑍𝑋) and electronic configuration (s,p,d,f [2]
notation) for an atom with 20 protons, 24 neutrons and 18 electrons.

V3 2022 © 2022 Northern Consortium UK Ltd Page 12 of 13

 IFYCH002 Chemistry

Question B5

(a) Determine the oxidation state of chlorine in each of these substances.

i. NaClO2 [1]

ii. HClO4 [1]

(b) Identify the reactant that is oxidized and the reactant that is reduced in [2]
the following redox reaction:

2PbO(s) → 2Pb(s) + O2(g)

(c) The first ionization energy of aluminium is less than that of [3]
Magnesium, explain why?

(d) Explain why silicon has a higher melting temperature than phosphorus? [3]

(e) The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is thought to occur by the

following three steps mechanism

Step Reaction Reaction rate

Step 1: H2O2(g)→2OH(g) Slow
Step 2: H2O2(g) + OH(g) →H2O(g)+HO2(g) Fast
Step 3: HO2(g) + OH(g) → H2O(g) + O2(g) Fast

i. Write the balanced equation for the overall reaction. [2]

ii. Identify all intermediates species. [2]

iii. What is the rate determining step in the reaction mechanism? [1]

iv. Write the rate law for the reaction. [1]

(f) What factors affect the rate of a chemical reaction? [4]

- This is the end of the examination. -

V3 2022 © 2022 Northern Consortium UK Ltd Page 13 of 13