POLITICAL SCIENCE (DEMOCRATIC POLITICS - I)

CHAPTER 5: DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS

Q. NO QUESTION MARKS
1 Match the following and choose the correct answer. 1

List A List B
1.Right to Life A.Untouchability
2.Right to Education B. Article 21
3.Right to equality C.Economics Right
4.Right to work D. Article 21A

Options-

I. 1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C

II. 1-B, 2-A, 3-D, 4-C
III. 1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-A

1-D, 2-A, 3-B, 4-C

2 Consider the following statement. 1

1. The National Human Rights Commission is an independent body.

2. The National Human Rights Commission is the watching dog of Human
Rights in the country.

Which of the statement given above is / are correct.

I. Only 1
II. Only 2
III. Both are rights

Both are wrong

3 In case of an Emergency in the country, who among the following can spend the 1
fundamental rights?

I. High court
II. Supreme Court
III. Prime Minister

President
4 Match the following and choose the correct answer. 1

List A List B
1.Right to freedom A. Article 23-24
2.Right to freedom B. Article 19 to 22
to religion.
3.Right against C. Article 14 to 18
explanation
4.Right to equality D. Article 25 to 28
 Options-

I. 1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-A

II. 1-B, 2-A, 3-D, 4-C
III. 1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C

1-D, 2-A, 3-B, 4-C

5 Two statements are given in the question below as. 1

Assertion (A) and Reasoning (R). Read the statements and choose the appropriate
option.

Assertion (A): the chapter of fundamental rights has been borrowed from the model
of the American constitution.

Reason (R): the constitution of India has become the longest one.

Options:

I. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

II. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
III. A is true but R is false.

A is false but R is true

6 How many articles come under “ cultural and education right”? 1

Options

I. 3
II. 2
III. 5

4
7 Two statements are given in the question below as. 1

Assertion (A) and Reasoning (R). Read the statements and choose the appropriate
option.

Assertion (A): RTI is Right to Information.

Reason (R): this act was made under the fundamental rights to freedom of through
and expression.

Options:
I. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
II. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
III. A is true but R is false.

A is false but R is true

8 Two friends play a cards about a Fundamental Rights. James gave her friends three 1
cards,
 1) move freely throughout the country
2) recite in any part of the country
3) assemble in a peaceful manner

What Fundamental Rights is being referred to by James?

9 When was NHRC set up ? 1

Options
I. 1994
II. 1998
III. 1993

2005
10 Consider the following statement 1

1. Right is a possible when a person make a claim that is equal possible for
others
2. Rights are reasonable claims of person recognised in society and sanctioned
by law.

What do you understand by Rights?

Which of the statement given above is / are correct.
I. Only 1
II. Only 2
III. Both are rights

Both are wrong

11 Q1. What is the full form of NHRC? 1
A) National health research commission
B) National high rural commission
C)National human rights council
D)National human rights commission
12 Q2. Identify the appropriate fundamental rights. 1
a) Roma believes in Buddhism.
b) She is free to manage their religious affairs.
c) She has been taking a big decision about converting into another
religion.

13 Q3. In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion 1
(A) and Reason (R).
Read the statements and chose the correct option:
Assertion (A) - Fundamental right are justiciable and enforceable before the
law.
Reason (R) - Right to constitutional remedies grants permission to citizen to
issue writs.
Options:
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.
14 Q4. In Indian constitution, Government doesn't favour any particular religion, 1
nor does it punish or discriminate against people on the basis of religion they
follow. Which term better describe this?
A) Liberty B) Sovereignty C) Secular D) Fraternity
15 Q5. Which of the following right is not a fundamental right? 1
A) Right to equality B) Right to property
C) Right to life D) Right to freedom
16 Q6.PIL stand for: - 1
A) Public ideal list B) Public illegal list
C) Public Interest Litigation D) Public Interest List
17 Q7. Correct the following statement and rewrite. 1
Right to vote in elections is an important fundamental right in Saudi Arbia.
18 Q8. Identify the fundamental rights: - 1
Rima enjoying a movie in cinema hall.

19 Q9. Which is the International Human Rights Organisation? 1

A) United nation B) National human rights commission
C) Amnesty international D) none of these

20 Q10.City administration has imposed a ban on use of public microphones 1

after 10 p.m. in view of the approaching secondary school examinations.
which fundamental rights does violate in above situation?
21 Which one of the following is not a Political Right? 1
A. Right to contest election
B. Right to vote
C. Right to seek any political office
D. Right to freedom

22 Which of the following rides is available under the Indian constitution? 1

A. right to work
B. right to adequate livelihood,
C. right to protect one’s culture
D. right to privacy

23 What main rights are given in the constitution of India? 1

A. Basic rights
B. Human rights
C. Liberty rights
D. Fundamental rights

24 What are the rights specifically included in the international covenant on 1

social, economic and cultural rights?
a. Right to freedom of religion
b. Right to work
c. Right to safe and healthy conditions, fair wages
d. Right to social security

25 How are the rulers of Saudi Arabia selected? 1

 A.Through Democratic elections
B. Buy appointment from the United Nations
C. Through hereditary succession
D. By popular vote

26 Cultural and educational rights are the safeguarded mainly for? 1

A..The women
B. The Minorities
C. The children
D. The men
27 Abolition of untouchability comes under------------- 1
A. Right to freedom
B. Right against exploitation
C. Right to freedom of religion
D. Right to equality
28 In which year was the Right to Information Act passed in India? 1
a) 2002
b) 2005
c) 2010
d) 2014
29 Which of the following is a violation of democratic rights? 1
a) Right to education
b) Right to equal pay for equal work
c) Forced labour
d) Right to health services
30 Which among the following is correct regarding PIL? 1
A. Public Interest Litigation
B. Public Interest Legislature
C. Public information Litigation Legislature
D. Public Information

31 What did Dr.Ambedkar refer to the right to constitutional Remedies as? 1

a. The brain of our constitution.
b. The heart and soul of our constitution.
c. The heart of our constitution.
d. The soul of our constitution.
Which decision take by you?
32 which of the fundamental rights is called the heart and soul of the Indian 1
constitution?
a. Right to equality.
b. Right to freedom of Religion.
c. Right to constitutional Remedies.
Cultural and educational rights.
33 which body acts as the guardian of fundamental rights? 1

a. District court
b. Supreme court
c. Election commission
d. Legislature
34 Assertion(A): All the modern democracies have court that are 1
independent from the Legislative and Executive.
Reason (R): Judges do not act on the direction of the government.
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
D)A is false but R is true

35 Which one of the following statement about the President is wrong ? 1

(a)He is the head of the state.
(b)He is the highest formal authority in the country.
(c)He exercises only nominal powers.
(d) He is elected directly by the people
36 Why do democratic governments insist on Institutions? 1
(i)Institutions make it difficult to have a good decision take very
quickly.
(ii) Make it easy to rush through a bad decision.
(iii)Institutions provide an opportunity for a wider set of people to be
consulted in any decision.
(iv) In order to have delayed and complicated decisions.
(a)(i) (b) (iv)
(c) (i)and (iii) (d) (i) and (iv)
37 After reading the example of the reservation order,three students had 1
different reactions about the role of judiciary ,which view ,according to
you,is a correct reading of the role of Judiciary?
(a)Neena says that Judiciary is an independent because it could have given
a verdict against the government order. The Supreme Court did direction
to the government to modify it.
(b)Kamal argue that since the Supreme Court agreed with the government
,it is not independent.
(c)Robbin thinks that the Judiciary is neither independent nor
conformist ,but acts as a mediator between opposing parties. The Court
struck a good balance between those who supported and those who
opposed the order.
38 Judiciary (court) can take up any dispute like: 1
(i)Between citizens and the judiciary
(ii)Between citizens and the government
(iii)Between two or more state governments
(iv) Between government at the Union and the government of the other
countries.
Observe the statement and select the best options
(a)(i) (b) (ii) (c) (i),(ii) and (iii) (d) (iv)
39 Why Democracy is better than others form government.? 1
a. It helps in taking right decision quickly
b. It allows us to correct in own mistakes
c. It guarantees that mistake cannot be made in democracy
None of these
40 which of the following statements is correct? 1
 a. The army rules of Myanmar are elected by the people
b. People have no say under army rules
c. Pinochet of Chile was democratic leader
the king of Saudi Arabia rule because people have chosen him.
41 Why do we need rights in a democracy? 2
42 What is Public Interest Litigation ? 2
43 India is a secular State: Justify by giving example. 2
44 India is a secular state’. Justify by giving any 2examples. 2
45 What are rights? 2

46 Define Fundamental Rights. 2

47 Why is the constitution is called organic law? 2
48 Can you think two reasons why the fundamental rights in the constitution are 2
important for all citizens?
49 Do you think this would be a right move? What do you think will happen if the 2
government backs down from the act of rights and duties?
50 A B 2
1)Claim a) An order issued by a
court asking a person to
appear before it
2)Traffic b) Demand for legal or
moral entitlements a
person makes on fellow
citizens, society or the
government.
3)Summon c)A formal document
containing an order of
the court to the
government issued only
by High Court or the
Supreme Court.
4)Writ d)Selling and buying of
men, women or children
for immoral purposes.
51 Q12.Why are there no special guarantees for the majority? 2
52 Q13.Why Constitution made untouchability a punishable offence. 2
53 If a person is arrested then what are the rights or procedure a citizen should follow 3
to get the proper legal requirements? explain
54 Write in your own words what do you understand by the term “Fundamental Rights” 3
Include any work or real example from your life in your answer?
55 Do you think that the rights of the citizens and the limits on the power of the 3
government are set in the constitution? How and in your own words?
56 Q14.Rule of law is the foundation of any democracy. Justify the statement. 3
57 Q15.What are the three Evils of constitution? 3

58 Q16.In which ways scope of rights has been expanding and new rights are 3
evolving over time.? Mention Any three ways.
59 Write any 3 features of the Right to Equality as a Fundamental Right. 3
60 Write three Constitutional provisions for the protection of women and 3
children in India.
61 Write a short note on the Cultural and Educational Right. 3

62 How are some of the delays and complications introduced by democratic 3

institutions very useful?
63 What are main function of the election commission of India? 3

64 Write a short note on election campaign? 3

65 Explain Right to equality enjoyed by citizen of India? 4

66 In all democracies ,an assembly of elected representatives exercises 4

supreme political authority on behalf of the people. In India ,such a
national assembly of elected representatives is called Parliament. At state
level, this is called Legislature or Legislative Assembly. The name may
vary in different countries but such an assembly exists in every democracy.
(i)What do you mean by Parliament?
(ii)Which is the supreme political authority at the state level?
(iii)Which is the elected representative assembly at the central level of
India?
67 The Government of India had appointed the Second Backward Classes 4
Commission in 1979. It was headed by B.P.Mandal. Hence, it was popularly
called the Mandal Commission. It was asked to determine the criteria to
identify the social and educationally backward classes in India and
recommend steps to be taken for their advancement. The Commission gave
its Report in 1980 and mad many recommendations. One of these was that.
27 per cent of government jobs be reserved for the socially and educationally
backward classes. The Report and recommendations were discussed in the
Parliament.

i) When was the Second Backward Classes Commission appointed? Who

was its head?
ii) What was the objective of this Commission?
iii) When did the Commission submit its report and
iii) What were its recommendations?
68 Read the source given below and answer the question that follow- 4
This basic position is further clarified in the constitution by spelling out some
implications of the right to equality. The government shall not discriminate
against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or place of
birth. Every citizen shall have access to publish places like shops, restaurants,
hotels and cinema halls. Similarly, they shall be no restriction with regard to
the use of wells, Tank, bathing ghats, roads, playgrounds and places of public
resorts maintained by Government or dedicated to the use of general public.
 This might appear very obvious, but it was necessary to incorporate these
rights in the Constitution of our country, where the traditional caste system
did not allow people from some communities to assess all public places.
1. The government shall not discriminate against any citizen on the basis
of-
A. Religion. B. Property.
C. Merit. D. Capability.
2. Every citizen shall have access to-
A. Public places. B. Parliament.
C. President. D. Private places.
3. Which system did not allow people from some communities to access
all public places?
A. Property system. B. Education system.
C. Caste system. D. Merit system
4. You should not be discriminated on the basis of your-
A. Religion. B. Gender.
C. Caste. D. All of these

69 Read the shows given below and answer the question that follows- 4
Freedom of speech and expression is one of the essential features of any
democracy. Our ideas and personality develop only when we are able to
freely communicate with others, you may think differently from others. Even
if a hundred people think in one way, you should have the freedom to think
differently and express your views accordingly. You may disagree with a
policy of government or activities of an association. You are free to criticize
the government or activities of the association in your conversation with
parents, friends and relatives. You mean publicise your views through a
pamphlet, magazine or newspaper. You can do through paintings, poetry or
songs. However, you cannot use this freedom to instigate violence against
others. You cannot use it to incite people to rebel against government.
1. ------------------- and expression is one of the essential features of any
democracy.
A. Freedom of speech.
B. Freedom of fight.
C. Freedom of violence
D. Freedom of protest
2. What you cannot use freedom of speech and expression for?
A. To sing
B. To instigate violence against others.
C. To promote harmony.
D. to give speech.
3. Are you free to criticize the government or the activities of the association
in your conversation with parents, friends and relatives?
A. Yes. B. No.
C. May be. D. None of these.
4. how you may publicise your views?
A. By praying.
B. By discussing in family.
C. Through a pamphlet, magazine or newspaper.
 D. by remaining silent.

70 Citizens have the freedom to hold meetings processions, rallies and 4

demonstration on any issue. They may want to discuss a problem exchange
ideas mobilise public support for a cause or seek votes for a candidate or
party in an election But such meetings have to be peaceful. They should not
lead to public disorder or breach of peace in society. Those who participate in
these activities and meetings should not carry weapons with them. Citizens
also can form associations. For example, workers in a factory can form a
worker’s union to promote their interest. Some people in a town may come
together to form an association to campaign against corruption or pollution.
1. In what way is freedom granted to citizens regarding meetings,
processions, rallies and demonstrations?
2. Give an example of citizens exercising their freedom to form
association.
3. Who can form the association?
What is the purpose of citizens farming associations?
71 Case based question 4

Ethnic Massacre in Kosovo

This is what happened to an Albanian family in a town in Kosovo. 74 year old Batisha
Hoxha was sitting in her kitchen with her 77 year old husband, Izet, staying warm by
the stove.
They had heard explosions but did not realise that Serbian troops had already
entered the town. The next thing she knew, five or six soldiers had burst through the
front door and were demanding "where are your children?" They shot Izet three
times in the chest recalled Batisha. With her husband dying before her, the soldiers
pulled the wedding ring off her finger and told her to get out. She was standing on
the street in the rain with no house, no husband, no possessions but the clothes she
was wearing.

1. What do you think after reading this?

2. What do you think can be done in a democratic country to avoid the
situation like Kosovo?

Kosovo was the part of which country ?

72 Case based question 4

The constitution says that the government shall not deny to any person in India
equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws. It means that the laws
apply in the same manner to all regardless of person's status. This is called the rule
of law. Rule of law is the foundation of any democracy. It means that no person is
above the law.

There cannot be any distinction between the political leader, government official
and an ordinary citizen. Every citizen, from the Prime Minister to small farmer in a
remote village is subjected to the same laws. No person can legally claim any special
 treatment or privilege just because he or she happens to be an important person.
For example. a few years ago a former PM of the country faced a court case on
charges of cheating.

1. What does ‘rule of law’ mean?

2. Do you think the rule of law prevails in the India? Reason

Give reason- mention the two exceptions related to the right to equality as a
fundamental right?

73 Case based question 4

Rights are necessary for the very sustenance of a democracy. In a democracy every
citizen has to have the right to vote and the right to be elected to government. For
democratic elections to take place, it is necessary that citizens should have the right
to express their opinion, form political parties and take part in political activities.

Rights also perform a very special role in a democracy. Rights protect minorities
from the oppression of majority. They ensure that the majority cannot do whatever
it likes. Rights guarantees which can be used when things go wrong. Things may go
wrong when some citizens
may wish to take away the rights of others. This usually happens when those in
majority want to dominate those in minority.

1. What do you think after reading this?

2. Where are the rights written down in the most democracy?

What have you learned after reading this paragraph?

74 Case based: - 4
A petition was filed in the Madras High Court. The petitioner said a large
number of children aged between seven and 12 were taken from villages in
Salem district and sold at auctions at Olur Nagar in Kerala’s Thrissur district.
The petitioner requested the courts to order the government to check these
facts. (March 2005) Children, from the age of five, were employed in the iron
ore mines in the Hospet, Sandur and the Ikal areas in Karnataka. Children
were forced to carry out digging, breaking stones, loading, dumping,
transporting and processing of iron ore with no safety equipment, fixed
wages and working hours. They handled a high-level of toxic wastes and
were exposed to mine dust, which was above the permissible level. The
school dropout rate in the region was very high. (May 2005) The latest
annual survey conducted by the National Sample Survey Organisation found
that the number of female child labourers was growing both in rural and
urban areas. The survey revealed there were 41 female child labourers per
thousand worker population in rural areas as against the previous figure of 34
per thousand. The figure for male child had remained at 31.
Q1. What is increment of female child labour in year 2005 from the previous
year in percentage?
Q2.why the school dropout rate was very high in southern region?
Q3.why petitioner had filed the writ in the madras high court? (2)
75 Case based question. 4
 Do you notice references to the National Human Rights Commission
(NHRC) in the news collage on this page? These references reflect the
growing awareness of human rights and struggles for human dignity. Many
cases of human rights violations in diverse fields, for instance, Gujarat riots,
are being brought to the public notice from across India. Human rights
organisations and the media often criticise government agencies for not
seriously pursuing these cases or catching the culprits. Someone had to
intervene on behalf of the victims. This is where the National Human Rights
Commission stepped in. This is an independent commission set up by law in
1993 Like judiciary, the Commission is independent of the government. The
Commission is appointed by the President and includes retired judges,
officers and eminent citizens. Yet it does not have the burden of deciding
court cases. So, it can focus on helping the victims secure their human rights.
These include all the rights granted to the citizens by the Constitution. For
NHRC human rights also include the rights mentioned in the UN sponsored
international treaties that India has signed.
The NHRC cannot by itself punish the guilty. That is the responsibility of
courts. The NHRC is there to make independent and credible inquiry into any
case of violation of human rights. It also inquiries into any case of abetment
of such violation or negligence in controlling it by any government officer
and takes other general steps to promote human rights in the country. The
Commission presents its findings and recommendations to the government or
intervene in the court on behalf of the victims. It has wide ranging powers to
carry out its inquiry. Like any court it can summon witnesses, question any
government official, demand any official paper, visit any prison for
inspection or send its own team for on-the-spot inquiry.
Q18.1 Why did the govt. of India set up human right commission?
Q18.2Which responsibility is not performed by commission?
Q18.3 In which ways commission does solve case against violation of human
rights?

76 Case based question. 4

About 600 people were secretly picked up by the US forces from all over the
world and put in a prison in Guantanamo Bay, an area near Cuba controlled
by American Navy. Anas’s father, Jamil El-Banna, was among them. The
American government said that they were enemies of the US and linked to
the attack on New York on 11 September 2001. In most cases the
governments of their countries were not asked or even informed about their
imprisonment. Like other prisoners, El-Banna’s family got to know that he
was in that prison only through the media. Families of prisoners, media or
even UN representatives were not allowed to meet them. The US army
 arrested them, interrogated them and decided whether to keep them there or
not. There was no trial before any magistrate in the US. Nor could these
prisoners approach courts in their own country.
Q19.1’Cuba is a non-democratic country ‘. give one reason to prove the
statement.
Q19.2 Which fundamental rights is violated in Cuba?
Q19.3 Why Ana’s father were arrested by American army?
77 Give your views in support of the statement "The responsible claims of a person 5
recognized by law in the society and sanctuaries are correct".

78 While doing your study and looking around you must have seen here that 5
fundamental rights are very important absolute principles for us, do we learn from
things and see where. express your opinion.

79 “Some rights which are fundamental to our life have been given a special status in 5
the Indian Constitution”, whether it is true or false, give your opinion in support of
this statement.

80 Q20.Why did Dr Ambedkar called the rights to constitutional remedies “The 5

Heart and Soul ‘of our constitution? explain about it
81 Q21.Freedom of speech and expression is the essential features of Indian 5
democracy. describe it?
82 Q22.How can rights perform a very special role in a democracy? 5

83 What was the Amnesty International’s report regarding the prisoners in 5

Guantanamo Bay?
84 Compare the situation of India and Saudi Arabia in terms of right to freedom 5
in both the countries.
85 ‘The Right to Freedom is actually a cluster of several rights.’ Discuss. 5

86 Explain briefly the power and functions of the supreme court? 5

87 The rights to freedom is actually a cluster of several rights. Explain? 5

88 Locate the map : 5

1 . a. Puga valley
b.Bengaluru
2. a. Sikkim
b.Odisha
c.Kerla Karnataka
d. Gujarat
 ANSWER

Q. No ANSWER
1 I. 1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C
2 III. Both are rights

3 The president
4 III. 1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C
5 II. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

6 II. 2
7 III. A is true but R is false.

8 Right to freedom
9 III. 1993
10 III. Both are rights
11 Ans :-D) National Human Rights Commission
12 Ans: - Right to Freedom of Religion
13 Ans: -Option C
Assertion is correct and reason is wrong.
Explanation supreme court or high court has rights to issue writs not the citizens.
14 Ans: Option C) Secular
15 Ans: -B) Right to property
16 Ans:C) Public Interest Litigation
17 Ans: -Right to vote in elections is an important constitutional right in India.
18 Ans: - Rights of equality
access to public places as equal citizens
19 Ans: Amnesty international
20 Ans: right to freedom
21 D
22 C
23 D
24 D
25 C
26 B
27 D
28 B
29 C
30 A
31 b).
32 2 c)
33 b)
34 A)
35 D)
36 C)

37 A)
38 C)

39 b)

40 b)
41 11(.a) .these are necessary to preserve human dignity and promote social progress in
atmosphere of freedom.
(b) These provide civil liberties, without democracy cannot be even conceived.
42 Under the PIL,any citizen or group of citizens can approach the supreme court or ahigh
court for the protection of public interest against a particular law or action of the
government.one can write to the judges even on a postcard.the court will take up matter if
the judges find it inpublic interest.
43 13) a). People of India are free to allow any religion.
b). India doesn't have any official religion.
c.). Every religious group or sect is free to manage its religious affairs.
44 1.People of India are free to follow any religion.

2.India doesn’t have any official religion.

45 Rights are reasonable claims of persons over other fellow beings over the society, and over
the government recognised by society and sanctioned by law.
46 The Fundamental Rights are those basic conditions which are considered essential for the
overall development of a person. These are guaranteed under the Constitution.
47 • Organic law because it give rise to the administration system of the country.
• The law of land namely is
1. Constitution
2. Judicial decision by Supreme Court
3. Rule and regulations

Others
48 • Fundamental rights are very important because they are like the backbone of the country.
• Fundamental right( primary protect of a country )

Other points.
49 • No
• Problem issues

Crime rate growth

50 Ans: Match the following.
A B
1)Claim b) Demand for legal or moral entitlements a person makes on fellow
citizens, society or the government.
2)Traffic d)Selling and buying of men, women or children for immoral purposes
3)Summon a) An order issued by a court asking a person to appear before it
4)Writ c)A formal document containing an order of the court to the government
issued only by High Court or the Supreme Court.
51 Ans: The working of democracy gives power to the majority.
 It is the language, culture and religion of minorities that needs special protection.
Otherwise, they may get neglected or undermined under the impact of the language,
religion and culture of the majority.
52 Ans: -It refers to any belief or social practice which looks down upon people on account of
their birth with certain caste labels.
Such practice denies them interaction with others or access to public places as equal
citizens.
So, the Constitution made untouchability a punishable offence.
53 • Reason for arrest and detention
• Salary produce before the nearest Majestic within a period of 24 hours of arrest

Right to consent a lawyer

54 Right to Equality,right to freedom, cultural and education right ( any six write and explain- in daily
students life process)
55 Yes, Fundamental rights are the basic human rights enshrined in the Constitution of India which
are guaranteed to all citizens. They are applied without discrimination on the basis of race,
religion, gender, etc. Significantly, fundamental rights are enforceable by the courts, subject to
certain conditions.
56 Ans: -In democracy we all are equal before the eyes of laws.
It is the rights of equality.
It means that no person is above the law.
There cannot be any distinction between a political leader, government official and an
ordinary citizen.
Every citizen, from the Prime Minister to a small farmer in a remote village, is subjected to
the same laws.
No person can legally claim any special treatment or privilege just because he or she
happens to be an important person.
. It means that the laws apply in the same manner to all, regardless of a person’s status.
This is called the rule of law.in this way, it is the foundation of democracy.
57 Ans: -The Constitution mentions three specific evils and declares these illegal.
First, the Constitution prohibits ‘traffic in human beings.
Traffic here means selling and buying of human beings, usually women, for immoral
purposes.
Second, our Constitution also prohibits forced labour or begar in any form.
Begar is a practice where the worker is forced to render service to the ‘master’ free of
charge or at a nominal remuneration.
When this practice takes place on a life-long basis, it is called the practice of bonded
labour.
Third, the Constitution also prohibits child labour.
58 Ans: -New rights emerge as societies develop or as new constitutions are made.
They are result of struggle of the people.
ex: -Right to privacy so, that citizens or their home cannot be searched, their phones cannot
be tapped, their communication cannot be opened.

59 According to this law, the government shall not deny to any person in India equality before
the law or the equal protection of the laws.
The government shall not discriminate against any citizen on the grounds of religion, caste,
ethnicity, sex or place of birth.
All citizens shall have equality of opportunity in matters relating to any position in the
government.
 The principle of non-discrimination extends to social life as well.
60 The Right to Equality: Under this the State can make special provisions for women and
children.
Right Against Exploitation: Under this traffic in human beings, especially women and
children, shall be an offence punishable in accordance with the law.
Right Against Exploitation: Under this no child below the age of 14 years shall be
employed to work in any factory or mine or engaged in any other hazardous employment.
61 (a) Right to Freedom of Religion: Right to freedom of religion provides religious freedom
to all the citizens of India. All religions are equal before the state and no religion will be
given preference over the other. Citizens are free to practise their respective religions.
Foremost objective of this right is to sustain the principle of secularism in the country. No
state-run institution can give religious education. Religious communities can set up
charitable institutions of their own.
(b) Cultural and Educational Rights: India is multi-religious, multi-lingual and multi-
cultural, each having its own identity and characteristics. To preserve these diversities, it is
natural to grant the following Cultural and Educational Rights to the minorities and other
communities.

Right to Conserve the Language, Script and Culture Under this Right minority have the
right to conserve their distinct language, script or culture and to join state-owned or state-
aided institutions without discriminations.

Right to Establish Educational Institutions: Under this each minority group has a right to
establish and administer educational institutions of its choice. The State shall not
discriminate between minorities, while granting aid to their educational institutions.
62 14)The Lok Sabha controls the Council of Ministers i.e. if the majority of the Lok Sabha
members say that they have no confidence in the Council of Ministers, all the ministers
including the Prime Minister have to quit. No such power is with the Rajya Sabha.
63 15) Section commission takes decisions on every aspect of conduct and control of
election.it implement code of conduct.it orders the government to follow the guidelines, to
prevent use and misuse of governmental power to enhance its win elections,or to transfer
some government officials.if election commission feel unfairness in polling,it orders a re-
poll.
64 In our country, election campaign takes place for a two weeks period between the
announcement of the final list of candidates and the date of polling. During this period,the
candidate contacts their votes, political leaders address election meeting and political
parties mobilised their support.
This is also the period when newspaper and television news are full of election related stories
and debate.But election campaign is not limited to these two weeks only.political parties start
preparing for election month before they take place.
65 17)The Lok Sabha is more powerful than the Rajya Sabha in the following manner:-
a) An ordinary law needs to be passed in both the house. But if there is a difference
between the two
houses, the final decision is taken in a joint session. Since the number of members of Lok
Sabha is
more than that of the RajyaSabha, the views of the Lok Sabha are more likely to prevail.
b) The Lok Sabha exercise more powers in money matters. Once the Lok Sabha passes a
law
 concerning the money matters, theRajya Sabha can not reject it. It can only delay it by 14
days or
suggest changes in it. It is up to the Lok Sabha to accept the changes or not.
d) The Lok Sabha controls the Council of ministers. If the majority of the Lok Sabha
members
say they have no confidence in the council of ministers, all the ministers including the
Prime
minister, have to quit. The Rajya Sabha doesn't have this power.
66 18.i)a national assembly of elected representatives is called the Parliament.
ii) , this is called Legislature or Legislative Assembly.
iii) Parliament
67 19. i) The government of India appointed the Second Backward Classes Commission in
1979. It was headed by B.P.Mandal. Hence, it was popularly called the Mandal
Commission.

ii) The objective of this Commission was that it was asked to determine the criteria to
identify the socially and educationally backward classes in India and recommend steps to
be taken for their advancement.
iii) The Commission submitted its report in 1980 and made many recommendations.
One of those was that 27% of government jobs be reserved for the socially and educationally
backward classes.
68 1. Religion.
2. Public places
3. Caste system
All of these
69 1. A. Freedom of speech
2. B. To instigate violence against others
3. Yes
Through a pamphlet, magazine or newspaper
70 1. Citizens can hold such events, but they must be peaceful and not lead to public
disorder. Those who participate in these activities and meetings should not carry
weapons with them.
2. Workers in a factory harming a worker’s union to advocate for their interest.
3. Citizen can form the association.
The purpose is to campaign against issue like corruption or pollution.
71 1. Self-answer
2. * minimum freedom is granted to its citizens
*Freedom can be enforced
Serbia
72 1. the laws apply in the same manner to all regardless of person's status. This is called the
rule of law
2. Yes, * equal Rights *speak *freedom etc other

People Rights
73 1. Rights
2. Constitution

Importance of human rights- like- right to life etc and other points
74 Ans: -17.1 (41-34/34) *100=20.59
 17.2 a large number of children were taken from villages in Salem district and sold at
auctions. they were forced to work in many factories and so the children were unable to
attend the school hence the dropout rate was high.
17.3 every citizen has a right not to be exploited.
The Constitution prohibits child labour.
It was a case of child labour or the violation of right against exploitation, also case of
human trafficking.
So, petitioner had filed the writ in the madras high court to protect the fundamental rights
and provide information to the govt.

75 Ans: - 18.1 To secure the human right and to prevent illegal practices against humanity.
18.2The NHRC cannot by itself punish the guilty. That is the responsibility of courts.
18.3. The NHRC is there to make independent and credible inquiry into any case of
violation of human rights.
It also inquiries into any case of abetment of such violation or negligence in controlling it
by any government officer and takes other general steps to promote human rights in the
country.

76 Ans: -19.1 There was not any provision of fundamental rights. In democracy, fundamental
rights are the essential component of citizens.
19.2 Rights of freedom (life or personal liberty) no one should be arrested without proper
reason and information.
19.3 American government said that they were enemies of the US and linked to the attack on
New York on 11 September 2001.
77 (i) Rights are those conditions which allow for the fullest development of individuals’
personality.

(ii) Rights need to be recognised by society and must be reasonable.

(iii) They are the claims that we make on society and on government.

(iv) They are made available to others and one’s right becomes one’s duty to respect the
rights of others.
(v) Rights are sanctioned by the law, they need to have legal backing. They are justiciable and
enforceable. In case rights are violated, we can approach courts
78 Rights to Education, rights to life, rights to votes, rights to water etc, others points (with explain)with
own words
79 True,
Right to water, speak, freedom, equality, protect (these are the main important points) with explain
with own words.
80 Ans. Fundamental Rights are guaranteed against the organs of govt .and any other
authorities instituted by the government.
There can be no law or action that violates the Fundamental Rights.
We can challenge such laws of the governments, the policies and actions of the government
or the governmental organisations like the nationalised banks or electricity boards.
any person can go to court against the violation of the Fundamental Right.
Courts also enforce the Fundamental Rights against private individuals and bodies.
The Supreme Court and High Courts have the power to issue directions, orders or writs for
the enforcement of the Fundamental Rights.
 They can also award compensation to the victims and punishment to the violators.
81 Ans: -We have freedom to think different and express our views accordingly.
In a democratic country we can express our opinion about policies, activities and any major
decision taken by govt.
We may disagree with a policy and activities of govt.
We are free to criticize the govt as a responsible citizen.
We may publicise our views through a pamphlet, magazine or newspaper.
Citizens have the freedom to hold meetings, rallies and peacefully demonstration on any
issues.

82 Ans: - Rights protect minorities from the oppression of majority.

Majority want to dominate minority.
Govt. ensure that the majority cannot do whatever it likes.
Rights are guarantees which can be used when things go wrong,
Govt protect the citizen’s right in such situation.
In most democracies the basic rights of the citizen are written down in the constitution.
Rights are higher than the government.
83 Amnesty International which is an international human rights organisation, collected
information in Guantanamo Bay and reported:

Families of prisoners, media or even UN representatives were not allowed to meet these
prisoners. The US army arrested them, interrogated them and decided whether to keep them
there or not.

There was no trial before any magistrate in the US. Nor could these prisoners approach
courts in their own country.

The prisoners were being tortured in ways that violated United States Laws.

They were being denied the treatment that even prisoners of war must get as per
international treaties.

Prisoners were not released even after they were officially declared not guilty.
84 The country is ruled by a hereditary king and the people: have no role in electing or
changing
their rulers.

The king selects the legislature as well as the executive. He appoints the judges and can
change any of their decisions.

Citizens cannot form political parties or any political organisations.

Rights enjoyed by Indians but not by Saudi Arabians-

There is no freedom of religion. Every citizen is required to be Muslim. Non-Muslim

residents can follow their religion in private, but not in public.

Women are subjected to many public restrictions. The testimony of one man is considered
equal to that of two women
85 Freedom to live in any part of India: All citizens are free to live in any part of India but
State can put restrictions keeping in mind the welfare of local people.
Freedom to practice any profession or occupation: All citizens have the right to practice any
profession or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.

Right to Free Movement: Every citizen of India has been granted freedom to move
throughout the Indian territory.

Freedom to Assemble Peacefully: Indian citizens have been given the right to assemble
without arms.

Freedom of Speech and Expression: Democracy is a government by citizens. Freedom of

speech and expression works as a barometer of public opinion.
86 20. (a). Original jurisdiction: the original jurisdiction extends to those cases which the
supreme court has authority to hear and decide in the first instance.
- between citizen of the country.
- between citizen and government
- between two or more state government;and
- between government at the union and state level.
(b)Appellate jurisdiction: it is the highest court of appeals in civil and criminals cases.it has
hear appeal against the decision of the High court.
(c ) Advisory jurisdiction: as the highest court in the country, the supreme court gives legal
advice to the president of India on any legal constitutional matter referred.
(d) Guardian of the constitution: the supreme court act as the guardian and final interpreted
of the constitution.
(e) Gurdian of the fundamental rights: the supreme court also acts as a Gurdian of the
fundamental rights of the citizens.
87 21) a. Freedom to live in any part of India: all the citizens are free to live in any part of
India but. state can put restrictions keeping in mind the welfare of local people.
b. Freedom to practice any profession or occupation: All citizen have the right to
practice any profession or occupation trade or business.
c. Right to free movement: every citizen of India has been granted freedom to move
throughout
the indian territory.
d. Freedom to Assembly peacefully: Indian citizen have been given the right to
assemble without
arms.
d. Freedom of speech and expression: democracy is a by citizen.
Freedom of speech and expression work as barometer of public.

88 i) A. Puga Valley
B) Bengluru
ii)
a) Sikkim c) Kerala, Karnataka, Assam
b) Odisha d) Gujarat e) Madhya Pradesh