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placed for convenience in groups of five each separated by straight
lines.
It seems a little remarkable that the four averages of the two
localities should so nearly coincide. The fact that they do coincide so
closely suggests that, unless we have here an unusual recurrence of
figures, the averages represent a tolerably definite factor of the bird
population of the two localities at the time the observations were
made. The statistics do not indicate the actual bird-population in the
two localities; but they do show, it seems to me, the relative
abundance in the two sections, and, to a large extent, the relative
abundance of the various species in each locality.
It is to be observed that the notes from the vicinity of Ithaca were
taken in June before many of the young birds were upon the wing,
while those from the other locality were made after the breeding
season. The two localities should not be compared, therefore,
without taking this fact into account. For instance, all the Bobolinks
observed on trip 8 were, with two exceptions, males. Hence the
figures probably show only about one-half the number of birds of
this species that existed in the territory at the time of the visit.
In July, 1878, about the middle of the month, I went over route 5
and 6 a second time to see what effect upon the average the addition
of the young birds would have. The whole number of birds observed
was a little more than double that observed in June.
Perhaps some one will suggest a better method of obtaining the
facts recorded in this connection.—F. H. King, River Falls, Wis.,
May 24, 1882.

Remarks on Five Maine Birds.—It appears that no formal

announcement of the occurrence of the Gray-cheeked Thrush
(Hylocichla aliciæ) in the State of Maine has ever been made, though
the course the bird is known to pursue in its migrations renders such
an announcement of slight importance. It may be stated, however,
for the benefit of compilers, that this Thrush is a regular, not very
common, spring and fall migrant in southern Maine, reaching
Portland in spring about the middle of May, and in autumn about
September 20.
 Apropos of Dr. Coues’ recent prediction[87] that the Titlark (Anthus
ludovicianus) will yet be ascertained to breed occasionally along the
Maine coast, is there anything but inferential evidence to indicate
that it occurs there at all in spring or summer? Being known to pass
through Massachusetts in spring and to occur on the island of Grand
Manan[88] at that season, it is fair to suppose that the Titlark also
touches at favorable points in Maine while en route to its breeding
grounds. Nevertheless neither my own observations nor the records
of other observers substantiate this hypothesis.
The once prized Ipswich Sparrow (Passerculus princeps) must
now take its place among the common autumnal migrants of
southern Maine, though restricted, so far as I am aware, to the sea-
coast. In spring, however, it is uncommon if not rare. Since the
capture of the first Maine specimen,[89] March 20, 1875, I have seen
but two other spring specimens. These I found upon Old Orchard
Beach, March 28, 1882, and one of them is now in my collection. In
their autumnal migration the birds reach Cumberland County about
Oct. 13, remaining at least until Nov. 6, later than which I have never
looked for them. Upon almost any day between these dates the
collector may find a dozen or more individuals along the sandy shore
between Scarborough Beach and the Saco River.
In the Proceedings of the Portland Society of Natural History for
April, 1882, I spoke of the Ring-necked Duck (Fulix collaris) as
having but once been taken in the vicinity of the city within my
experience. On the very morning upon which my paper left the press,
I found in one of the city markets two adult males which were killed
in the Presumpscot River, March 31, 1882. On April 12 I found
another male in the market; the next day I purchased a pair from a
sportsman in Deering; and on April 17 detected another male in the
market. That the bird’s occurrence in such numbers is very unusual
there can be no doubt. In fact, so far as I have been able to learn, our
most experienced hunters of wild fowl either knew the species only
by tradition, before this year, or else were wholly unacquainted with
it.
Mr. Brewster has more than once advanced good evidence to the
effect that the Short-tailed Tern (Hydrochelidon lariformis) should
be considered a regular and not uncommon visitor to suitable
localities on the New England coast.[90] Specific records for Maine
are, notwithstanding, few as yet.[91] Two recent specimens should go
on the list. One of these was killed in Scarborough, the other at Wells
Beach, York County, in the autumn of 1881.—Nathan Clifford
Brown, Portland, Maine.

Maine Notes.—Oporornis agilis (Wils.) Baird. Connecticut

Warbler.—Mr. Nathan Clifford Brown, in a paper read before the
Portland Society of Natural History April 3, 1882, gives this bird for
the first time a place in the Maine fauna. He met with it Aug. 30,
1878, on Cape Elizabeth. I would record a specimen which I took in
August, 1879, at Ebeme Lake. This makes the second record for this
State.
Hylocichla unalascæ pallasi (Caban.) Ridgw. Hermit
Thrush.—These birds breed commonly with us every year (Bangor).
Their eggs are usually taken early in June, but I find among my notes
the record of a set taken August 5, 1873, at Dedham, Maine, the eggs
being but slightly incubated. This would seem to be presumptive
evidence for the belief that these birds raise two broods in a season.
Lomvia arra brünnichi (Scl.) Ridgw. Brünnich’s Guillemot;
and Lomvia troile (Linn.) Brandt. Common Guillemot.—These
birds are found on our coast in the winter season, Brünnich’s
Guillemot being quite numerous, while the Common Guillemot is
more rare. Some idea of their comparative numbers may perhaps be
obtained from the fact that during the past two years I have procured
some thirty specimens from different points on our coast (from
Grand Manan to South Bristol) and out of this number only one was
a representative of the Common Guillemot (L. troile.) The experience
of Mr. N. A. Eddy of this city is exactly similar, and out of about an
equal number of specimens he has obtained but a single example of
troile. Other collectors in this vicinity who have received numbers of
Guillemots have not obtained a specimen of Lomvia troile.
Actodromas fuscicollis (Vieill.) Ridgw. Bonaparte’s
Sandpiper.—This bird is not given as a resident of our State in
Hamlin’s, Verrill’s or Maynard’s lists, but is still a not uncommon
autumnal migrant along our coast. They are seldom met with in the
interior, and the only records of their capture away from the coast, so
far as I can learn, are here given. Nathan C. Brown furnishes me the
first record from his notes as follows: “Oct. 16, 1876. During the past
two weeks our party has taken only three specimens of this bird at
Lake Umbagog. One was shot about Oct. 2, the two others upon Oct.
14.” On October 23, 1881, I came upon a flock of four at a small pool
near this city (Bangor), and obtained three of them. Mr. N. A. Eddy
afterwards took one at the same place.—Harry Merrill. Bangor,
Maine.

Stray Notes From Lookout Mountain, Tenn.—The following

notes were taken on Lookout Mountain, Tenn., from March 17 to
April 4, 1882. The “Mountain,” so-called, is a ridge, some twenty
miles or more in length, extending nearly due north and south. Its
altitude ranges from 2200 to 2450 feet above the sea, and from 1500
to 1750 feet above the Tennessee River, which touches the base at its
most northern point: its width, at the top, is from half a mile to two
miles. About two miles of its northern end is in Tennessee, the rest
being in Georgia. My collecting was done mostly on the Tennessee
portion, but occasionally I went into Georgia, my longest trip into
that State being five miles. The country is, for the most part, heavily
wooded, although towards the northern end a great deal of the
timber was destroyed during the late war and the new growth is still
quite small. There are numerous streams in the ravines, along the
banks of which laurels, blackberries, etc., grow luxuriantly. On the
east side of the ridge there are, for half a mile, huge boulders, and the
trees, principally pines, on and around them, were, I found, a
favorite resort for the smaller birds. The whole number of species
noted during my stay was fifty, but I give only such notes as may,
perhaps, be of general interest.
1. Sitta canadensis Linn. Red-bellied Nuthatch.—Met with
but once, on March 29, in a partial clearing.
2. Dendrœoa virens (Gmel.) Baird. Black-throated Green
Warbler.—First seen March 19. Taken March 20. After this date it
was not at all uncommon, and could be heard singing at almost any
hour of the day.
3. Peucæa æstivalis illinoensis Ridgw. Oak-wood Sparrow.—
First noted April 3. Two males procured April 4, both in song. These
were both well-marked examples of illinoensis, one, indeed, carrying
the differentiation to an extreme degree. In this specimen the back
was of a reddish-brown color, entirely without streaks, and exactly
resembled extreme specimens from Illinois. The other had the back
distinctly streaked with black, and closely resembled a specimen
from Alabama, taken by Mr. N. C. Brown. I found these birds both in
groves of small pines and in open fields where there were plenty of
brush-piles. They seemed to be quite common, as I heard several
singing, at the same time, in different parts of the field. I was enabled
to compare my specimens with those of the Smithsonian Institution
through the kindness of Mr. R. Ridgway, and for this and many other
favors I wish to tender him my grateful thanks.
4. Corvus corax carnivorus (Bartr.) Ridgw. American Raven.
—Quite common. Said to breed on the cliffs. I have seen as many as
eight or ten chasing each other through the air at one time.
5. Catharista atrata (Wils.) Less. Carrion Crow.—Quite
common. Breeds. They seem to keep in flocks more than Cathartis
aura.
6. Bonasa umbella (Linn.) Steph. Ruffed Grouse.—Once seen
and once heard “drumming.” The local sportsmen report them as
being quite scarce.—W. H. Fox, Washington, D. C.

Errata.

Vol. VII, page 119, line 8, for “struggling” read “straggling”; page
122, line 9 from bottom, for “Rellon” read “Redlon”; page 123, line
28, for “Before” read “Upon.”
 BULLETIN
OF THE
NUTTALL ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB.
VOL. VII. October, 1882. No. 4.
 ON A COLLECTION OF BIRDS LATELY
MADE BY MR. F. STEPHENS IN ARIZONA.
BY WILLIAM BREWSTER.

(Continued from p. 147.)

60. Carpodacus frontalis (Say) Gray. House Finch.

571, ♀ ad., Camp Lowell, June 22.

61. Loxia curvirostra mexicana (Strickl.) Baird. Mexican

Crossbill.—Chiricahua Mountains; most numerous on the eastern
side. Young just able to fly were taken March 7.
All of the following specimens are referable to true mexicana.
16, ♂ ad., Chiricahua Mountains, March 6. Length, 7.10; extent,
11.90; wing, 4; tail, 2.73; culmen, .87.
17, ♀ ad., same locality and date. Length, 7.10; extent, 11.80; wing,
3.88; tail, 2.75; culmen, .85. “Iris dark brown. The jaw muscles were
extraordinarily developed on the side toward which the lower
mandible crossed.”
24, ♀ ad., Chiricahua Mountains, March 7. Length, 6.80; extent,
11.40; wing, 3.70; tail, 2.52; culmen, .81.
25, ♀ juv., first plumage, same locality and date. This bird had
been out of the nest but a few days and the tips of the mandibles had
not begun to cross.
116, ♂ juv., first plumage, Chiricahua Mountains, March 26.
Length, 6.90; extent, 12; wing, 4; tail, 2.75: culmen. .65. Wings and
tail fully grown; mandibles decidedly crossed.
 62. Chrysomitris psaltria (Say) Bp. Arkansas Goldfinch.
—“Common in only a few localities. I have not found much difference
among the examples that occur here and have taken few that
answered the description of var. arizonæ. California specimens are
almost identical with those from New Mexico.”

130, ♂ ad., Chiricahua Mountains, March 30. Length, 4.50; extent, 7.80; wing,
2.65; tail, 1.90. “Iris brown.”

63. Chrysomitris pinus (Wils.) Bp. Pine Finch.—Common

among the Chiricahua Mountains.

20, ♂ ad., Chiricahua Mountains, March 7. Length, 5; extent, 8.90; wing, 2.91;
tail, 2.20.
128, ♂ ad., Chiricahua Mountains, March 29. Length, 4.90; extent, 8.60; wing,
2.96; tail, 2.14; “Iris dark brown.”

64. Poœcetes gramineus confinis Baird. Western Grass

Finch.—“Common on prairies.”
The utility of recognizing this race of the Grass Finch seems to me
questionable, although the western bird certainly possesses slight
differential characters; these, however, are so largely comparative
that they are difficult of adequate description, and any one
attempting to determine examples by the books without the aid of
large series of specimens, will be likely to abandon the task in
despair.
158, ♀ ad., Sulphur Spring Valley, April 4. Length, 6.20; extent,
10.20; wing, 3.20; tail, 2.90.
164, ♂ ad., near Tombstone, April 5. Length, 6.40; extent, 10.80;
wing, 3.35; tail, 3.04.
65. Spizella socialis arizonæ Coues. Western Chipping
Sparrow.—Noted only at Cave Creek. “A large flock; they keep much
among trees.”
 11, ♂ ad., Cave Creek, March 5. Length, 5.50; extent, 8.90. “Iris dark brown; bill
dark flesh-color; legs pale brownish.”

66. Spizella breweri Cass. Brewer’s Sparrow.—Four

specimens, all taken April 5, near Tombstone. Eight were killed by
one shot into a flock which had gathered about a water-hole, but they
were in such ragged plumage, owing to the progress of the spring
moult, that half of them had to be thrown away.
67. Junco oregonus (Towns.) Scl. Oregon Snowbird.—A single
specimen obtained March 5, on Cave Creek.
68. Junco cinereus caniceps[92] (Woodh.) Coues. Gray-headed
Snowbird.

10, ♂ ad., Cave Creek, March 5. Length, 6.20; extent, 9.20. Iris dark brown; bill
and legs flesh-color.
15, ♀ ad., same locality and date. Length, 6.30; extent, 9.
141, ♀ ad., Chiricahua Mountains, March 31. Length, 6.10; extent, 9.30. Iris dark
brown.

69. Junco cinereus dorsalis (Henry) Henshaw. Red-backed

Snowbird.

108, ♀ ad., Chiricahua Mountains, March 26. Length, 6.50; extent, 9.50; wing,
3.05; tail, 3.18. “Not as plenty here as J. cinereus.”

70. Junco cinereus (Swains.) Caban. Mexican Snowbird.—

Nine specimens, all taken during March, in the Chiricahua
Mountains.
71. Amphispiza bilineata (Cass.) Coues. Black-throated
Sparrow.—Mr. Stephens found this Sparrow on barren plains
sparsely covered with low bushes; he considers it a permanent
resident in Arizona.

Juv., first plumage ♂ (No. 613, Camp Lowell, June 28). Crown, lores, orbital
region and sides of head generally, dull brownish-ash; a white superciliary line as
in the adult; back faded brown with shaft-stripes of a darker shade on most of the
feathers; wing-coverts and outer webs of inner secondaries, reddish-buff; beneath
dull white with the breast and sides of the abdomen thickly but finely streaked with
dull black.
In addition to the bird just mentioned the collection includes five adults from the
following localities: San Pedro River (♂, Dec. 25); Sulphur Spring Valley (♂, April
4); Tucson (♀, May 3); Santa Rita Mountains (♀, May 20); Camp Lowell (♂, May
30).

72. Peucæa cassini (Woodh.) Baird. Cassin’s Sparrow.—

Although special efforts were made to obtain specimens of this
species, only one was secured during the trip. “The song of the male
is peculiar; about midway it drops several notes and is finished on
one key. Several others seen. They were all very wild.”

159, ♀ ad., Sulphur Spring Valley, April 4. Length, 6.30; extent, 7.80; wing, 2.50;
tail, 2.82. “Iris brown.”

73. Peucæa carpalis Coues. Rufous-winged Sparrow.—Found

sparingly about Tucson and Camp Lowell. It inhabited the mesquite
thickets, keeping closely hidden in the bunches of “sacaton” grass,
from which, when flushed, it flew into the branches above.

233, ♀ ad., Tucson, April 19. Length, 5.70; extent, 7.90; wing, 2.42; tail, 2.82.
234, ♂ ad., same locality and date. Length, 5.90; extent, 8; wing, 2.57; tail, 3.
“Iris brown; bill dark brown above, paler below; legs pale brown.”
432, ♀ ad., Tucson, May 25. Length, 5.80; extent, 7.80; wing, 2.46; tail, 2.75.
With nest and three eggs.
442, ♂ ad., Tucson, May 27. Length, 5.80; extent, 8; wing, 2.58; tail, 3.
582, ♂ ad., Camp Lowell, June 24. Length, 5.90; extent, 8.20; wing, 2.55; tail,
2.91.

74. Peucæa ruficeps boucardi (Scl.) Ridg. Boucard’s

Sparrow.—These Sparrows were met with at Cave Creek, near
Morse’s Mill, and in the Santa Rita Mountains. Among some notes
taken at the first-named place I find the following: “I saw five of
these Sparrows to-day [March 4] but two of them escaped me. They
were in scrub oaks on rocky hillsides, and were apparently mated.
They acted somewhat like Wrens, hiding among the rocks and
flushing from the grass at a point some distance beyond where I
would mark them down. Two went into the low branches of the oaks,
from which I easily shot them. I have not found the species before in
Arizona, but I took several near Fort Bayard, New Mexico, in 1876.”
A specimen taken near the end of March was shot “on a ridge among
thick brush,” while two others, obtained in the Santa Rita Mountains
in May, occurred at a high elevation on similar ground.

1, ♂ ad., Cave Creek, March 4. Length, 6.60; extent, 8.30; wing, 2.80; tail, 3.29.
2, ♀ ad., same locality and date. Length, 6.40; extent, 7.90; wing, 2.60; tail, 3.02.
3, ♂ ad., same locality and date. Length, 6.50; extent, 8.20. “Iris brown; legs pale
flesh-color; bill dark bluish slate-color.”
138, ♂ ad., Chiricahua Mountains, March 31. Length, 6.50; extent, 8.30; wing,
2.56; tail, 3.15.
387, ♀ ad., Santa Rita Mountains, May 16. Length, 6.10; extent, 8.10; wing, 2.58;
tail, 2.95. “Iris brown; bill blackish above, light bluish below; legs pale flesh-color.”
413, ♀ ad., Santa Rita Mountains, May 20. Length, 6.30; extent, 7.80; wing,
2.50; tail, 3.
The specimens enumerated above represent true boucardi and are readily
separable from Texas examples by the characters which my friend Mr. Brown has
lately pointed out[93] in his diagnosis of the new race, eremœca.

75. Melospiza fasciata fallax Baird. Western Song Sparrow.

—Rather common about Tucson where they haunted willow thickets
and tall marsh grass near water.

258, ♀ ad., Tucson, April 21. Length, 6.30; extent, 8.20; wing, 2.60; tail, 2.98;
culmen, .58. “Iris dark brown; bill dark above, light below; legs light brown. With
nest and three eggs.”

270, ♀ ad., Tucson, April 23. Length, 6.10; extent, 7.90; wing, 2.42; tail, 2.86;
culmen, .54.
319, ♂ ad., Tucson, May 3. Length, 6.30; extent, 8.40; wing, 2.60; tail, 2.99;
culmen, .55.
 338, ♀ ad., Tucson, May 6. Length, 6.10; extent, 7.80; wing, 2.52; tail, 2.97;
culmen, .53. “With nest and three eggs: set completed.”
510, ♂ ad., Tucson, June 8. Length, 6.50; extent, 8.40; wing, 2.74; tail, 3.16;
culmen, .52.

76. Melospiza lincolni (Aud.) Baird. Lincoln’s Finch.

—“Common along streams” in March. Two specimens (Cave Creek,
March 5).
77. Passerella townsendi schistacea (Baird) Coues. Slate-
colored Sparrow.—None were met with during 1881, but I have a
specimen taken by Mr. Stephens near Tucson, in February, 1880.
78. Pipilo maculatus megalonyx (Baird) Coues. Spurred
Towhee.—Two males, Chiricahua Mountains, March 26 and 28.
“Common in brush, usually along streams. They have a variety of
calls, some of which resemble those of the Catbird. The song, uttered
while the bird is sitting on a tree, sounds like jack-jacksonii.”
The North American Towhees of the maculatus group are at
present involved in much confusion. The trouble seems to be that
each locality furnishes a race of its own which either possesses
certain slight individual characteristics, or combines, in varying
degrees, the characters of two or more recognized forms. The case,
however, is not peculiar; for to a greater or less extent the same state
of things obtains among the Song Sparrows, Shore Larks, and several
other species, in which the forces of evolution are still actively
working.
79. Pipilo chlorurus (Towns.) Baird. Green-tailed Towhee.—
Several specimens taken late in April. “Not common; usually found
in low brush.”
80. Pipilo fuscus mesoleucus (Baird) Ridgw. Cañon Towhee.
—“Common in rocky localities on plains, and in valleys.” A nest
containing three eggs was taken June 15 at a point about twenty-five
miles north of Tucson. The eggs are grayish-white with numerous,
short, zigzag lines of black about the larger end and occasional spots
or dashes of brown and dull lavender scattered over the general
surface of the shell. They measure respectively .91 × .69, .94 × .69,
and .92 × .69. The nest, which was placed about four feet above the
ground in a “cat-claw” mesquite, is firmly and rather compactly built
of fibrous shreds from the stalks of herbaceous plants, with a few
twigs and whole stems supporting the outside, and a scanty lining of
horse-hair. Its external diameter is about five inches; its depth two.
The cavity is two inches wide and one and a half deep. Both nest and
eggs differ somewhat from California examples of crissalis in my
collection, the eggs being smaller and whiter, the nest softer and
more compact.

177, ♂ ad., Tombstone, April 7. Length, 8.80; extent, 11.60. “Iris light brown.”
186, ♀ ad., Tombstone, April 9. Length, 8.10; extent, 10.90; wing 3.50; tail, 4.15.
416, ♂ ad., Santa Rita Mountains, May 20. Length, 8.50; extent, 11.50; wing,
3.73; tail, 4.45.

81. Pipilo aberti Baird. Abert’s Towhee.—“I have found this

species common along the Colorado and Gila Rivers, and I took
several on the San Pedro in December, 1880. They appear to be
restricted to the vicinity of streams and usually to thick brush,
although they frequent trees more than most of the members of this
genus. I have seen them hunting insects in the bark of large trees in a
manner similar to that of Wrens. They are rather shy. The usual note
is a sharp chirp. The song is difficult to describe; it is rapid and near
the middle rises to a higher key, quickly falling again and ending on
the initial note. The nest is rather bulky; it is sometimes built in
bushes near the ground, and again in trees. I found one in a bunch of
mistletoe at a height of at least thirty feet.”
A nest found May 28, at Tucson, was built on the top of a mesquite
stump, where it was kept in place by the surrounding sprouts. It
contained three fresh eggs which measure respectively .91 × .72, .92
× .72, and .90 × .71. They are elliptical in shape, and in the character
and distribution of their markings they resemble the above described
eggs of P. mesoleucus from which, however, they differ in having a
faint but decided bluish cast. The nest is large and loosely built. It is
composed mainly of broad strips or ribbons of bark with which are
mingled small, pliant twigs and the green stems and leaves of the
mesquite(?). The whole structure is homogeneous and, strictly
speaking, it has no lining, but the materials surrounding the cavity
are rather softer than the rest, while they are arranged with some
regard to smoothness. The external diameter of this nest is about
seven inches; its depth three. The cavity is three inches wide and two
deep.

Juv., first plumage (No. 520, Tucson, June 10). Above uniform light brown;
wing-coverts, outer edges of the inner secondaries and a narrow tipping on the tail,
brownish-ochraceous; beneath brownish-fulvous with an ochraceous tinge on the
throat, abdomen, and crissum, and a broad band of coarse but obscure black spots
extending across the breast; head markings as in the adult, but duller.
Eight specimens were collected. “Iris light brown; bill brownish horn-color
above, bluish beneath; legs brown.”

82. Cardinalis virginianus igneus (Baird) Coues. Saint Lucas

Cardinal.—Found only at Tucson, where it occurred sparingly in low
brush, usually near streams.

269, ♂ ad., Tucson, April 23. Length, 9.40; extent, 12.40; wing, 4.12; tail, 4.92;
longest feathers of crest, 1.35. “Iris dark brown; legs brown.”

83. Pyrrhuloxia sinuata Bonap. Texan Cardinal.—In the latter

part of April three of these Cardinals were taken near Tucson, and
several others were seen in the same place during March, 1880. They
were found among mesquites, along brush fences and in the
shrubbery of an arroya. “Iris dark brown; bill yellowish horn-color;
legs pale brown. Food seeds, green buds and insects.”
84. Zamelodia melanocephala (Swains.) Coues. Black-
headed Grosbeak.—Common at high elevations among the
mountains.

367, ♂ ad., Santa Rita Mountains, May 13. Length, 8.10; extent, 12.90; wing,
4.17; tail, 3.75. “Iris dark brown; legs light plumbeous.”
391, ♀ ad., Santa Rita Mountains, May 16. Length, 8.40; extent, 12.80; wing,
4.28; tail, 3.70.
In addition to being considerably larger than any of my more northern
specimens, these examples are peculiar in having the interscapular feathers so
broadly edged with brownish-orange (brownish-yellow in the ♀ ) that the back
appears to be about equally streaked with light and dark color.
 85. Guiraca cœrulea (Linn.) Swains. Blue Grosbeak.—Only a
few were seen during the present trip, but Mr. Stephens found them
common on the Gila River in 1876. “They are late migrants.”

445, ♂ ad., Tucson, May 28. Length, 7.20; extent, 11.10; wing, 3.60; tail, 3.27.
“Iris dark brown; bill black above, bluish below; legs black.”

86. Passerina amœna (Say) Gray. Lazuli Bunting.—Two

specimens, obtained April 25, at Tucson, are noted as “the first ones
seen.” One of them, a male, has the blue almost completely obscured
by rufous, which forms a broad tipping on all the feathers of the
upper parts. The throat, however, remains nearly pure blue.
87. Calamospiza bicolor (Towns.) Bonap. Lark Bunting.—
Several large flocks were seen April 13, in the neighborhood of
Tombstone. Most of the males were in parti-colored dress, not above
one per cent having put on the black breeding-plumage. The
stomachs of all which were killed contained “buds and seeds.”
88. Molothrus ater obscurus (Gmel.) Coues. Dwarf Cowbird.

277, ♂ ad., Tucson, April 25. Length, 7.30; extent, 12.40; wing, 4.02; tail, 3.20.
“Iris dark brown.”
417, ♂ ad., Santa Rita Mountains, May 20. Length, 7.10; extent, 12.10; wing,
4.01; tail, 3.17.

89. Agelæus phœniceus (Linn.) Vieill. Red-winged Blackbird.

511, ♀ ad., Tucson, June 8. Length, 8.10; extent, 13.20; wing, 4.22; tail, 3.40.

90. Icterus parisiorum Bonap. Scott’s Oriole.—Although this

Oriole was oftenest seen among the foot-hills it occasionally occurred
on the most barren plains, where it seemed content with the scanty
shelter afforded by the cactus thickets. In the hill country it
frequented the oak belt, and was seldom observed at a high
elevation. During the breeding season it was seen near Tucson, as
well as among the Santa Rita Mountains, but no nests were found in
either locality.

Juv., first plumage (♀. No. 528, Tucson, June 14). Generally like the adult, but
with all the wing feathers edged and tipped with white, the wing-bands yellowish,
the tail tipped with yellow, the breast obscured with brownish, and the yellow of
the under parts paler and greener.
Only a small proportion of the males collected by Mr. Stephens have the adult
plumage perfected. A female (No. 189, Tombstone, April 10) has a black throat-
patch extending from the chin to the breast, and small, sagittate black spots on the
crown.
“Iris dark brown; bill black, bluish at base below; legs dark bluish. Food,
insects.”

91. Icterus cucullatus Swains. Hooded Oriole.—An

uncommon species, found only in the valleys, where it seemed to
prefer cottonwoods to other trees.
The specimens taken are all adults, with the exception of a male
which, although evidently a bird of the previous year, differs from the
females only in having a black throat-patch and several concealed
black spots on the interscapulars. One of the females is also peculiar
in having many half-concealed black spots on the throat and
jugulum. Some of the richest-colored males have the interscapular
feathers tipped with yellow.
92. Icterus bullocki (Swains.) Bonap. Bullock’s Oriole.—Only
two of these Orioles were taken during 1881: but in the previous
summer Mr. Stephens found them not uncommon in the foot-hills of
the Chiricahua Mountains.
93. Corvus corax carnivorus (Bartr.) Ridgw. American
Raven.—Incidentally mentioned as common about Tucson.
94. Corvus cryptoleucus Couch. White-necked Raven.—A
small proportion of the Ravens seen about Tucson were recognized
as belonging to this species. Their notes differed widely from those of
the common Raven, and “at times sounded somewhat like the
quacking of a Duck.”
 324, ♀ ad., Tucson, May 4. Length, 19.90; extent, 40.70; wing, 14.06; tail, 8.94.
“Iris dark brown.”

95. Cyanocitta stelleri macrolopha (Baird) Ridgw. Long-

crested Jay.—Five specimens, Chiricahua Mountains, March 24 to
26. “These Jays are common in the pines well up the mountain sides,
but they are wary and difficult of approach. When pursued they fly
from one tree to the lower branches of the next and jumping from
limb to limb, take flight again as soon as they reach the top. If one
can follow fast enough to get within range before the bird reaches the
top of the tree he may obtain a shot, but it is necessary to keep
behind some object while accomplishing this. They are noisy and
have a variety of calls, some of which are disagreeably harsh. I think
they are shyer here than in other localities where I have met with
them.” One of Mr. Stephens’ specimens (No. 106) has the crest
strongly tinged with blue, thus approaching var. diademata of
Mexico.
96. Aphelocoma woodhousii (Baird) Ridgw. Woodhouse’s
Jay.—One specimen, Galeyville. January 29, 1881.
97. Aphelocoma sordida arizonæ Ridgw. Arizona Jay.—Mr.
Stephens met with this Jay in the Chiricahua and Santa Rita
Mountains, and judging from the number of specimens obtained it
must be rather abundant in both ranges. “They go in flocks of from
five to twenty, and are generally seen in the foot-hills. They are
restless, and in most localities shy, but around mills, where they
congregate to feed on the grain in horse droppings, they become
used to the presence of human beings and are more easily
approached. Their food is chiefly broken acorns.”
A nest found May 16, in the Santa Rita Mountains, is a bulky
structure composed chiefly of yellowish rootlets with some coarse
dead twigs protecting its exterior and a scanty lining of fine grasses.
The female was sitting on four eggs. which were on the point of
hatching. The only specimen saved measures 1.13 × .82. It is pale
greenish-blue, absolutely without markings, and closely resembles a
Robin’s egg. “The others were similar, as were three eggs of a set
taken in 1876, and two of one found in 1880.”
 Of the fifteen specimens collected only four have the bill wholly
black. With all the others there is more or less flesh-color, which,
although usually confined to the base and tip of the lower mandible,
sometimes spreads over nearly the whole of the bill below as well as
encroaching on the maxilla at the tomia, and occasionally even
occupies a narrow central space along the ridge of the culmen above
the nostrils. Mr. Henshaw has remarked on this feature, which he
considers peculiar to young birds. If this view be correct it must
require several years for the bill to become unicolor.
98. Eremophila alpestris chrysolæma (Wagl.) Coues.
Mexican Shore Lark.—The only Shore Lark in the collection, a
young bird in first plumage, taken on the plains at the base of the
Santa Rita Mountains, has been referred by Mr. Ridgway to the
above race.
99. Tyrannus verticalis Say. Arkansas Flycatcher.—Although
this species was much less numerous than the following, especially
after the spring migrants had gone, a few pairs were found breeding
about Camp Lowell, where a nest containing three slightly incubated
eggs was taken on June 20. The collection includes skins from
Tucson and Camp Lowell.
100. Tyrannus vociferans Swains. Cassin’s Flycatcher.
—“Abundant in summer. Neither verticalis nor vociferans winters in
Arizona.” Specimens were collected at Tombstone, Tucson, and
among the Santa Rita Mountains.
The peculiar attenuation of the primaries in this species has been
freely commented on by authors, but no one seems to have noticed
that this character, at least as applied in diagnoses, is to be found in
only the male of T. vociferans. Nevertheless this is true of the
somewhat large series of specimens before me, among which there is
a decided and very constant sexual difference in the shape of the
outer four primary feathers. All the adult males have them abruptly
and deeply notched on the inner webs about half an inch from the
tip, the emargination extending more than half-way to the shaft and
reducing the width of the feather, terminally, to about .12 of an inch.
In the females these feathers show no well-defined notching, the tips
being simply tapered, usually with a slightly concave outline,
although the outline is sometimes actually rounded. A young male
from Riverside, California (No. 6380, Sept. 19, 1881), taken during
its first autumnal moult, has the old primaries (1–2) almost without
attenuation, their tips being only slightly tapered, while the new ones
(3–5) are as deeply notched as in any of the adults. Hence it is
probable that males in first plumage will be found to have the
primaries shaped like those of the female.
The sexes of T. verticalis differ in a similar manner but less
markedly, for the first primary of the female, although broader than
that of the male, usually has the same falcate shape. I have one or
two females, however, which, by the wing characters alone, can with
difficulty be distinguished from females of vociferans.
101. Myiarchus mexicanus cooperi[94] (Kaup) Baird. Cooper’s
Flycatcher.—This large Myiarchus which, as I lately announced,[95]
Mr. Stephens has the credit of first finding within our boundaries,
was ascertained to be a common summer resident about Camp
Lowell. Of its occurrence in New Mexico, also, I now have positive
evidence, a previously undetermined specimen, taken by Mr.
Stephens near the Gila River, June 12, 1876, proving on comparison
to be identical with the Arizona ones.
The collector’s notes relating to the habits of this Flycatcher are
disappointingly brief. It frequented low mesquites and was tame and
rather noisy, having a variety of loud calls, some of which resembled
those of M. cinerescens, while others were “almost Thrasher-like.” Its
food seemed to consist largely of beetles. On June 27 a nest was
found at Camp Lowell. “Both parents were distinctly seen and
positively identified. The nest was in an old Woodpecker’s hole in a
giant cactus about eighteen feet from the ground. It was lined with
soft, downy weed-seeds, and contained two young just hatched and
an addled egg.” The egg, unfortunately, is so badly broken that
accurate measurements are impossible, but an approximation would
be 1.04 × .74. In ground-color and markings it closely resembles eggs
of M. crinitus, the shell being a dull clayey-buff over which are
numerous longitudinal lines and dashes of purplish-brown or
lavender. These markings are pretty evenly distributed, but are
coarsest at the larger end of the egg.

462, ♂ ad., Camp Lowell, May 31. Length, 9.90; extent, 14.10; wing, 4.40; tail,
4.40; culmen, 1.15. “Iris brown; bill and legs black.”
 468, ♂ ad., Camp Lowell, June 1. Length, 10; extent, 14.30; wing, 4.35; tail, 4.44;
culmen, 1.10.
472, ♂ ad., Camp Lowell, June 2. Length, 9.90; extent, 14.10; wing, 4.40; tail,
4.37; culmen, 1.27.
473, ♂ ad., same locality and date. Length, 10; extent, 14.20; wing, 4.40; tail
4.60; culmen, 1.25.
491, ♂ ad., Camp Lowell, June 4. Length, 9.60; extent, 14.20; wing, 4.40; tail,
4.40; culmen, 1.13.
492, ♂ ad., same locality and date. Length, 9.80; extent, 14.30; wing, 4.38; tail,
4.49; culmen, 1.15.
558, ♂ ad., Camp Lowell, June 21. Length, 9.80; extent, 14.30; wing, 4.37; tail,
4.47; culmen, 1.16.
592, ♂ ad., Camp Lowell, June 25. Length, 9.80; extent, 13.80; wing, 4.23; tail,
4.35; culmen, 1.16.
463, ♀ ad., Camp Lowell, May 31. Length, 9.60; extent, 13.70; wing, 4.12; tail,
4.34; culmen, 1.10.
464, ♀ ad., same locality and date. Length, 9.50; extent, 13.60; wing, 4.16; tail,
4.32; culmen, 1.11.
493, ♀ ad., Camp Lowell, June 4. Length, 9.60; extent, 13.70; wing, 4.16; tail,
4.16; culmen, 1.10.
559, ♀ ad., Camp Lowell, June 21. Length, 9.40; extent, 13.40; wing, 4.04; tail,
4.10; culmen, 1.10.
591, ♀ ad., Camp Lowell, June 25. Length, 9.40; extent, 13.60; wing, 4.15; tail,
4.10; culmen, 1.12.

102. Myiarchus cinerescens Lawr. Ash-throated

Flycatcher.—Specimens were obtained at Tombstone, Tucson, and
Camp Lowell. In the latter locality the bird was common through
June and was presumably breeding, although no nests were actually
found. At all the points in Arizona where they were observed these
Flycatchers frequented the timber in valleys and along streams, none
being seen among the denser forests of the mountains.
103. Myiarchus lawrencii (Giraud) Baird. Lawrence’s
Flycatcher.—This pretty Myiarchus, scarcely larger than our
common Phoebe, was met with only among the Santa Rita
Mountains, where it was apparently not uncommon, although its
distribution seemed to be very local, most of Mr. Stephens’
specimens being taken in a single cañon. They haunted the banks of