Exercises 4.

Represent the problem with Venn diagram and answer the question based on the

diagram.

1. All the members of a group of 30 teenagers belong to at least one club. There are 3

clubs, chess, drama and art.

6 of the teenagers belong to only the art club, 5 of the teenagers belong to all 3

clubs.

2 of the teenagers belong to the chess and art clubs but not to the drama club.

15 of the teenagers belong to the art club.

2 of the teenagers belong only to the chess club.

3 of the teenagers belong only to the drama club.

a. How many students do chess and drama but not art?

b. How many students belong to the chess club?

ANSWER:

Let's denote:

• 𝐶C as the set of students in the chess club,

• 𝐷D as the set of students in the drama club,
• 𝐴A as the set of students in the art club.

Given the information provided:

1. Total number of students = 30.

2. ∣𝐴∣=6∣A∣=6 (students who belong only to the art club).
3. ∣𝐴∩𝐶∩𝐷∣=5∣A∩C∩D∣=5 (students who belong to all three clubs).
4. ∣𝐶∩𝐴−𝐷∣=2∣C∩A−D∣=2 (students who belong to the chess and art clubs but not to
the drama club).
5. ∣𝐴∣=15∣A∣=15 (total students in the art club).
 6. ∣𝐶−𝐴−𝐷∣=2∣C−A−D∣=2 (students who belong only to the chess club).
7. ∣𝐷−𝐴−𝐶∣=3∣D−A−C∣=3 (students who belong only to the drama club).

Now let's construct the Venn diagram:

Using the above Venn diagram, we can deduce:

a. To find the number of students who belong to the chess and drama clubs but not to the
art club, we look at the intersection of 𝐶C and 𝐷D outside of 𝐴A. From the diagram, it's
evident that this number is 00.

b. To find the number of students who belong to the chess club (∣𝐶∣∣C∣), we sum up all the
students who are in the chess club, including those who are in other clubs as well. From
the diagram, ∣𝐶∣=2+5+2=9∣C∣=2+5+2=9. So, there are 9 students in the chess club.

2. Twenty-four people in town have decided to form three clubs. One-half of the

people belong to each club, one-third of the people to each pair of club and one-fourth

of the people to all three clubs.

a. How many people belong to at least one club?

b. How many people belong to none?

ANSWER:
Let's denote:

𝐴A as the set of people belonging to Club 1,

𝐵B as the set of people belonging to Club 2, and

𝐶C as the set of people belonging to Club 3.

According to the problem:

One-half of the people belong to each club, so 1221 of the total belong to each individual
club.

One-third of the people belong to each pair of clubs, so 1331 of the total belong to each
pair of clubs.

One-fourth of the people belong to all three clubs, so 1441 of the total belong to all three
clubs.

Now, let's represent this information in a Venn diagram:

Now, let's denote:

𝑥x as the total number of people belonging to at least one club,

𝑦y as the total number of people belonging to none.

According to the problem:

12𝑥21 x people belong to each individual club,

13𝑥31 x people belong to each pair of clubs, and

14𝑥41 x people belong to all three clubs.

So, we have the following equations:

12𝑥=𝐴+𝐵+𝐶13𝑥=(𝐴∩𝐵)+(𝐵∩𝐶)+(𝐴∩𝐶)14𝑥=𝐴∩𝐵∩𝐶21 x31 x41 x

=A+B+C=(A∩B)+(B∩C)+(A∩C)=A∩B∩C

Now, let's solve for 𝑥x and 𝑦y based on these equations.

Solving these equations gives:

𝑥=24𝑦=0xy =24=0

So, the answers to the questions are:

a. How many people belong to at least one club?How many people belong to at least one
club?

There are 24 people who belong to at least one club.

b. How many people belong to none?How many people belong to none?

There are 0 people who belong to none of the clubs.

3. Let M, P and C be the sets of students taking Mathematics courses, Physics courses

and Computer Science courses respectively. Assume that 300 are taking Mathematics,

350 are taking Physics and 450 are taking computer science. One hundred (100) are

taking both Mathematics and Physics, 150, Mathematics and Computer Science, 75 are

taking Physics and Computer Science. Ten (10) students are taking all three subjects.

a. How many students are taking exactly one of these programs?

ANSWER:

Let's denote:

𝑀M = Students taking Mathematics courses

𝑃P = Students taking Physics courses

𝐶C = Students taking Computer Science courses

Given information:

∣𝑀∣=300∣M∣=300 (300 students taking Mathematics)

∣𝑃∣=350∣P∣=350 (350 students taking Physics)

∣𝐶∣=450∣C∣=450 (450 students taking Computer Science)

∣𝑀∩𝑃∣=100∣M∩P∣=100 (100 students taking both Mathematics and Physics)

∣𝑀∩𝐶∣=150∣M∩C∣=150 (150 students taking both Mathematics and Computer Science)

∣𝑃∩𝐶∣=75∣P∩C∣=75 (75 students taking both Physics and Computer Science)

∣𝑀∩𝑃∩𝐶∣=10∣M∩P∩C∣=10 (10 students taking all three subjects)

Now, let's draw the Venn diagram:

In the diagram:

- The region representing 𝑀M contains 300 students.

- The region representing 𝑃P contains 350 students.
- The region representing 𝐶C contains 450 students.
- The overlapping regions represent students taking combinations of these courses.

Now, to find out how many students are taking exactly one of these programs, we need to
add up the number of students in the regions that are not overlapping with any other region
(i.e., only one subject).

So, the number of students taking exactly one of these programs is:

∣𝑀∖(𝑃∪𝐶)∣+∣𝑃∖(𝑀∪𝐶)∣+∣𝐶∖(𝑀∪𝑃)∣∣M∖(P∪C)∣+∣P∖(M∪C)∣+∣C∖(M∪P)∣

=(300−100−150+10)+(350−100−75+10)+(450−150−75+10) =(300−100−150+10)+(35
0−100−75+10)+(450−150−75+10)

=(300−250+10)+(350−185+10)+(450−225+10) =(300−250+10)+(350−185+10)+(450−2
25+10)

=60+175+235=60+175+235

=470=470

So, there are 470 students taking exactly one of these programs.

4. A survey of movie fans of the famous Three Stooges revealed the following

information: 51 admire Moe, 49 admire Larry, 60 admire Curly, 34 admire Moe and

Larry32 admire Larry and Curly36 admire Moe and Curly , 24 admire all three of the

Stooges, 1 admires none of the Three Stooges

a) How many people were surveyed?

b) How many admire Curly, but not Larry nor Moe?

c) How many admire Larry or Curly?

d) How many admire exactly one of the Stooges?

e) How many admire exactly two of the Stooges?

ANSWER:

Let's denote:

𝑀M as the set of people who admire Moe,

𝐿L as the set of people who admire Larry,

𝐶C as the set of people who admire Curly.

We are given the following information:

∣𝑀∣=51∣M∣=51 (people who admire Moe)

∣𝐿∣=49∣L∣=49 (people who admire Larry)

∣𝐶∣=60∣C∣=60 (people who admire Curly)

∣𝑀∩𝐿∣=34∣M∩L∣=34 (people who admire both Moe and Larry)

∣𝐿∩𝐶∣=32∣L∩C∣=32 (people who admire both Larry and Curly)

∣𝑀∩𝐶∣=36∣M∩C∣=36 (people who admire both Moe and Curly)

∣𝑀∩𝐿∩𝐶∣=24∣M∩L∩C∣=24 (people who admire all three Stooges)

∣𝑆∣=1∣S∣=1 (people who admire none of the Three Stooges)

a) To find out how many people were surveyed, we need to find the total number of people.
We'll use the principle of inclusion-exclusion:

∣𝑀∪𝐿∪𝐶∣=∣𝑀∣+∣𝐿∣+∣𝐶∣−∣𝑀∩𝐿∣−∣𝐿∩𝐶∣−∣𝑀∩𝐶∣+∣𝑀∩𝐿∩𝐶∣−∣𝑆∣∣M∪L∪C∣=∣M∣+∣L∣+∣C∣−∣M∩L∣−∣L∩
C∣−∣M∩C∣+∣M∩L∩C∣−∣S∣
∣𝑀∪𝐿∪𝐶∣=51+49+60−34−32−36+24−1=181∣M∪L∪C∣=51+49+60−34−32−36+24−1=181

So, 181 people were surveyed.

b) We want to find the number of people who admire Curly but not Larry nor Moe, which is
∣𝐶−(𝑀∪𝐿)∣∣C−(M∪L)∣:

∣𝐶−(𝑀∪𝐿)∣=∣𝐶∣−∣𝐶∩(𝑀∪𝐿)∣∣C−(M∪L)∣=∣C∣−∣C∩(M∪L)∣
∣𝐶−(𝑀∪𝐿)∣=∣𝐶∣−(∣𝐶∩𝑀∣+∣𝐶∩𝐿∣−∣𝑀∩𝐿∩𝐶∣)∣C−(M∪L)∣=∣C∣−(∣C∩M∣+∣C∩L∣−∣M∩L∩C∣)
∣𝐶−(𝑀∪𝐿)∣=60−(36+32−24)=16∣C−(M∪L)∣=60−(36+32−24)=16

So, 16 people admire Curly, but not Larry nor Moe.

c) To find how many admire Larry or Curly, we find ∣𝐿∪𝐶∣∣L∪C∣:

∣𝐿∪𝐶∣=∣𝐿∣+∣𝐶∣−∣𝐿∩𝐶∣∣L∪C∣=∣L∣+∣C∣−∣L∩C∣ ∣𝐿∪𝐶∣=49+60−32=77∣L∪C∣=49+60−32=77

So, 77 people admire Larry or Curly.

d) The number of people who admire exactly one of the Stooges is

∣𝑀∪𝐿∪𝐶∣−3×∣𝑀∩𝐿∩𝐶∣−∣𝑆∣∣M∪L∪C∣−3×∣M∩L∩C∣−∣S∣:

∣𝑀∪𝐿∪𝐶∣−3×∣𝑀∩𝐿∩𝐶∣−∣𝑆∣=181−3×24−1=181−72−1=108∣M∪L∪C∣−3×∣M∩L∩C∣−∣S∣=181−3×2
4−1=181−72−1=108

So, 108 people admire exactly one of the Stooges.

e) The number of people who admire exactly two of the Stooges is the sum of people who
admire two Stooges minus those who admire all three:

(∣𝑀∩𝐿∣+∣𝑀∩𝐶∣+∣𝐿∩𝐶∣)−2×∣𝑀∩𝐿∩𝐶∣=(34+36+32)−2×24=102−48=54(∣M∩L∣+∣M∩C∣+∣L∩C∣)−2×∣
M∩L∩C∣=(34+36+32)−2×24=102−48=54

So, 54 people admire exactly two of the Stooges.

5. A survey of 100 of computer students revealed that: 41 students are taking C++, 29

students are taking Java, 26 students are taking Visual Basic; 15 students are taking
C++ and Java, 8 students are taking Java and Visual Basic, 19 students are taking C++

and Visual Basic; 5 students are taking all three programming languages

a. How many are not taking any of the 3 languages?

b. How many are taking just one of the three languages?

ANSWER:

a. How many are not taking any of the 3 languages?

To find the number of students not taking any of the three languages, we need to subtract
the total number of students from the sum of students taking each language or
combination of languages.

Total students = 100

Total taking C++ = 41 Total taking Java = 29 Total taking Visual Basic = 26

Total taking C++ and Java = 15 Total taking Java and Visual Basic = 8 Total taking C++ and
Visual Basic = 19

Total taking all three languages = 5

Now, to find the number of students not taking any of the languages:

Total not taking any language = Total students - (Total taking C++ + Total taking Java + Total
taking Visual Basic - Total taking C++ and Java - Total taking Java and Visual Basic - Total
taking C++ and Visual Basic + Total taking all three languages) = 100 - (41 + 29 + 26 - 15 - 8 -
19 + 5) = 100 - 59 = 41

So, there are 41 students not taking any of the three languages.

b. How many are taking just one of the three languages?

To find the number of students taking just one language, we need to sum the students
taking each language individually and then subtract the overlaps.

Total taking just one language = (Total taking C++) + (Total taking Java) + (Total taking Visual
Basic) - 2 * (Total taking all three languages) = 41 + 29 + 26 - 2 * 5 = 96 - 10 = 86

So, there are 86 students taking just one of the three languages.
6. A number of would be programmers were asked to identify what programming area

they would like to specialize in. The results are summarized below:

62 would like System Programming, 40 would like Business Application

Programming, 5 would like Games Programming; 2 like all three areas, 3 like Business

Application and Games Programming; 20 likes System and Business Application

Programming, 42 like System Programming and neither of the other two. 12 like none of

these three areas.

a. How many were surveyed?

b. How many don’t appreciate Games?

c. How many appreciate Business application or Games?

d. How many like exactly one of the three areas?

ANSWER:

Let's denote:

S = System Programming

B = Business Application Programming

G = Games Programming

We'll represent each set with circles, and the overlaps between them will indicate the
intersections.

Given the information:

62 like System Programming (S)

40 like Business Application Programming (B)

5 like Games Programming (G)

2 like all three areas (S ∩ B ∩ G)

3 like Business Application and Games Programming (B ∩ G)

20 like System and Business Application Programming (S ∩ B)

42 like System Programming and neither of the other two (S only)

12 like none of these three areas (None)

Let's fill in the Venn diagram with this information:

Now, let's answer the questions based on this diagram:

a. How many were surveyed? To find the total number surveyed, we sum up all the
sections: Total = S + B + G + (S ∩ B) + (S ∩ G) + (B ∩ G) + (S ∩ B ∩ G) + None Total = 62 + 40 + 5
+ 20 + 42 + 3 + 2 + 12 Total = 186

b. How many don’t appreciate Games? Those who don't appreciate Games are
represented by (S + B + S ∩ B + None): Don't appreciate Games = S + B + (S ∩ B) + None = 62
+ 40 + 20 + 12 = 134

c. How many appreciate Business application or Games? Those who appreciate Business
application or Games are represented by (B + G + B ∩ G + S ∩ B ∩ G): Appreciate Business
application or Games = B + G + (B ∩ G) + (S ∩ B ∩ G) = 40 + 5 + 3 + 2 = 50

d. How many like exactly one of the three areas? Those who like exactly one of the three
areas are represented by (S + B + G): Like exactly one area = S + B + G = 62 + 40 + 5 = 107

7. A group incoming first-year students at a premier university were surveyed in order to

determine the factors that influenced their decisions in selecting the university. The

survey revealed the following information.

55 said "no. 1 in Athletics"

51 said "excellent technical skills reputation"

61 said "it was the only university that would accept me"

9 said "no. 1 in Athletics team" but didn't say "excellent technical

skills reputation"

and didn't say “it was the only university that would accept me.

26 said "it was the only university that would accept me" and "no. 1 in
Athletics"

and excellent technical skills reputation.

31 said "excellent technical skills reputation " and "no. 1 in

Athletics."

8 said only "excellent technical skills reputation", 4 said none of the above

reasons
a. How many said "it was the only university that would accept me" and
"excellent

technical skills reputation"?

b. How many said "no. 1 in Athletics " or "it was the only university that
would accept

me"?

c. How many said "no. in athletics " but not "excellent technical skills
reputation"?

d. How many were surveyed?

ANSWER:

Let's denote the sets as follows:

A: Students who said "no. 1 in Athletics"

B: Students who said "excellent technical skills reputation"

C: Students who said "it was the only university that would accept me"

Now, let's fill in the information provided:

55 students said "no. 1 in Athletics" (A)

51 students said "excellent technical skills reputation" (B)

61 students said "it was the only university that would accept me" (C)

9 said "no. 1 in Athletics team" but didn't say "excellent technical skills reputation" and
didn't say "it was the only university that would accept me." This implies 9 students belong
to only set A.

26 said "it was the only university that would accept me" and "no. 1 in Athletics" and
"excellent technical skills reputation." This implies 26 students belong to all three sets, A ∩
B ∩ C.

31 said "excellent technical skills reputation" and "no. 1 in Athletics." This implies 31
students belong to sets A and B (A ∩ B).

8 said only "excellent technical skills reputation". This implies 8 students belong only to set
B.
4 said none of the above reasons. This implies 4 students don't belong to any of the sets.

Now, let's create the Venn diagram:

Now, let's answer a question based on this diagram. What is the total number of students
surveyed?

To find the total number of students surveyed, we need to sum up the students in each set
or combination of sets:

Total = Students in A + Students in B + Students in C + Students in (A ∩ B) + Students in (A ∩

C) + Students in (B ∩ C) + Students in (A ∩ B ∩ C) + Students not in any set

Total = 55 + 51 + 61 + 31 + 9 + 26 + 4 = 237

So, the total number of students surveyed is 237.

8. A television poll of 151 persons found that 68 watched Law and Order; 61 watched

The West Wing, 52 watched the Sopranos, 16 watched both Law and Order and The

West Wing; 25 watched both Law and Oder and the Sopranos; 19 watched both The
West Wing and The Sopranos; 26 watched none of these shows.

a. How many persons watched all these shows?

ANSWER:

Let's denote:

𝐿L as the set of people who watched Law and Order

𝑊W as the set of people who watched The West Wing

𝑆S as the set of people who watched The Sopranos

Using the given information:

68 people watched Law and Order (∣𝐿∣=68∣L∣=68)

61 people watched The West Wing (∣𝑊∣=61∣W∣=61)

52 people watched The Sopranos (∣𝑆∣=52∣S∣=52)

16 people watched both Law and Order and The West Wing (∣𝐿∩𝑊∣=16∣L∩W∣=16)

25 people watched both Law and Order and The Sopranos (∣𝐿∩𝑆∣=25∣L∩S∣=25)

19 people watched both The West Wing and The Sopranos (∣𝑊∩𝑆∣=19∣W∩S∣=19)

26 people watched none of these shows (∣(𝐿∪𝑊∪𝑆)′∣=26∣(L∪W∪S)′∣=26)

Now, we can start drawing the Venn diagram.

Let's draw three circles representing Law and Order, The West Wing, and The Sopranos:
Now, we fill in the numbers:

Put 68 in the circle representing Law and Order.

Put 61 in the circle representing The West Wing.

Put 52 in the circle representing The Sopranos.

For the overlaps:

16 people watched both Law and Order and The West Wing, so put 16 in the overlap
between Law and Order and The West Wing.

25 people watched both Law and Order and The Sopranos, so put 25 in the overlap
between Law and Order and The Sopranos.

19 people watched both The West Wing and The Sopranos, so put 19 in the overlap
between The West Wing and The Sopranos.

Now, we can calculate the number of people who watched all three shows. To do this, we
need to subtract the total number of people who watched at least one show from the total
number of people surveyed:

Total number of people surveyed = 151 Total number of people who watched at least one
show =
∣𝐿∪𝑊∪𝑆∣=∣𝐿∣+∣𝑊∣+∣𝑆∣−∣𝐿∩𝑊∣−∣𝐿∩𝑆∣−∣𝑊∩𝑆∣+∣𝐿∩𝑊∩𝑆∣∣L∪W∪S∣=∣L∣+∣W∣+∣S∣−∣L∩W∣−∣L∩S∣−∣
W∩S∣+∣L∩W∩S∣

=68+61+52−16−25−19+𝑑=68+61+52−16−25−19+d =121−16−25−19+𝑑=121−16−25−19+d
=121−60+𝑑=121−60+d =61+𝑑=61+d

Given that 26 people watched none of these shows, we have:

61+𝑑=151−2661+d=151−26 61+𝑑=12561+d=125 𝑑=125−61d=125−61 𝑑=64d=64

So, 64 persons watched all three shows.

9. There are 79 Grade 10 learners at school. All of these take some combination of

Math, Geography and History. The number who take Geography is 41; those who take

History is 36; and 30 take Math. The number who take Math and History is 16; the

number who take Geography and History is 6, and there are 8 who take Math only and
16 who take History only.

a. How many learners take Math and Geography but not History?

b. How many learners take Geography only?

c. How many learners take all three subjects?

ANSWER:

Let's denote:

𝑀M as the set of students who take Math

𝐺G as the set of students who take Geography

𝐻H as the set of students who take History

Given data:

Total number of Grade 10 learners: 79

Number who take Geography (∣𝐺∣∣G∣): 41

Number who take History (∣𝐻∣∣H∣): 36

Number who take Math (∣𝑀∣∣M∣): 30

Number who take Math and History (∣𝑀∩𝐻∣∣M∩H∣): 16

Number who take Geography and History (∣𝐺∩𝐻∣∣G∩H∣): 6

Number who take Math only (∣𝑀−(𝑀∩𝐻)−(𝑀∩𝐺)∣∣M−(M∩H)−(M∩G)∣): 8

Number who take History only (∣𝐻−(𝐻∩𝑀)−(𝐻∩𝐺)∣∣H−(H∩M)−(H∩G)∣): 16

Now, let's draw the Venn diagram:

Fill in the numbers:

Put 30 in the circle representing Math (∣𝑀∣∣M∣).

Put 41 in the circle representing Geography (∣𝐺∣∣G∣).

Put 36 in the circle representing History (∣𝐻∣∣H∣).

Put 16 in the overlap between Math and History (∣𝑀∩𝐻∣∣M∩H∣).

Put 6 in the overlap between Geography and History (∣𝐺∩𝐻∣∣G∩H∣).

Put 8 in the Math-only section (∣𝑀−(𝑀∩𝐻)−(𝑀∩𝐺)∣∣M−(M∩H)−(M∩G)∣).

Put 16 in the History-only section (∣𝐻−(𝐻∩𝑀)−(𝐻∩𝐺)∣∣H−(H∩M)−(H∩G)∣).

Now, let's calculate the answers:

a. How many learners take Math and Geography but not History?

To find this, we need to calculate the number of students in the overlap between Math and
Geography (∣𝑀∩𝐺∣∣M∩G∣) and subtract the number of students in the overlap between
Math, Geography, and History (∣𝑀∩𝐺∩𝐻∣∣M∩G∩H∣).

∣𝑀∩𝐺∣=∣𝑀∣−(∣𝑀∩𝐻∣+∣𝑀∩𝐻∩𝐺∣)=30−(16+∣𝑀∩𝐺∩𝐻∣)∣M∩G∣=∣M∣−(∣M∩H∣+∣M∩H∩G∣)=30−(16+∣
M∩G∩H∣)

Given that ∣𝑀∩𝐺∩𝐻∣=6∣M∩G∩H∣=6, we can find ∣𝑀∩𝐺∣∣M∩G∣:

∣𝑀∩𝐺∣=30−(16+6)=30−22=8∣M∩G∣=30−(16+6)=30−22=8

So, 8 learners take Math and Geography but not History.

b. How many learners take Geography only?

To find this, we need to calculate the number of students in the Geography-only section
(∣𝐺−(𝐺∩𝐻)−(𝐺∩𝑀)∣∣G−(G∩H)−(G∩M)∣).

∣𝐺−(𝐺∩𝐻)−(𝐺∩𝑀)∣=∣𝐺∣−(∣𝐺∩𝐻∣+∣𝐺∩𝑀∣)=41−(6+∣𝑀∩𝐺∩𝐻∣)∣G−(G∩H)−(G∩M)∣=∣G∣−(∣G∩H∣+∣G∩
M∣)=41−(6+∣M∩G∩H∣)

Given that ∣𝑀∩𝐺∩𝐻∣=6∣M∩G∩H∣=6, we can find ∣𝐺−(𝐺∩𝐻)−(𝐺∩𝑀)∣∣G−(G∩H)−(G∩M)∣:

∣𝐺−(𝐺∩𝐻)−(𝐺∩𝑀)∣=41−(6+6)=41−12=29∣G−(G∩H)−(G∩M)∣=41−(6+6)=41−12=29

So, 29 learners take Geography only.

c. How many learners take all three subjects?

This is simply the number of students in the overlap between Math, Geography, and History
(∣𝑀∩𝐺∩𝐻∣∣M∩G∩H∣), which is given as 6.

So, 6 learners take all three subjects.

10. A survey of 85 students asked them about the subjects they liked to study. Thirty

five students liked Math, 37 liked History, and 26 liked Physics. Twenty liked Math and

History, 14 liked Math and Physics, and 3 liked History and Physics. Two students liked

all three subjects.

a. How many of these students like Math or Physics?

b. How many of these students didn’t like any of the three subjects?

c. How many of these students liked Math and History but not Physics?

ANSWER:

a. How many of these students like Math or Physics?

To find out how many students like Math or Physics, we need to sum up the numbers in
regions M, P, M ∩ P, and M ∩ H ∩ P.

Number of students who like Math or Physics = (Students who like Math) + (Students who
like Physics) - (Students who like both Math and Physics) + (Students who like all three
subjects) = 35 + 26 - 14 + 2 = 49

b. How many of these students didn’t like any of the three subjects?

To find out how many students didn't like any of the three subjects, we need to find the
number of students outside all three circles.

Number of students who didn't like any of the three subjects = Total number of students -
(Students who like Math or History or Physics) + (Students who like all three subjects) = 85 -
(35 + 37 + 26 - 20 - 14 - 3 + 2) = 85 - 63 = 22

c. How many of these students liked Math and History but not Physics?

To find out how many students liked Math and History but not Physics, we need to find the
number of students in the region M ∩ H but not in region P.

Number of students who liked Math and History but not Physics = (Students who like Math
and History) - (Students who like all three subjects) = 20 - 2 = 18
Exercises 4.3

A. Given U = { the first positive integer less than 33 } where A, B, C and D are subsets

of U

A = { the first perfect squares less than 33}

B = { the first prime nos. less than 33 }

C = { set of the first 10 even nos }

D = { odd nos. less than 15 }

1. Draw the venn diagram representing the four sets

2. What will be the bit string generated by the following operations?

a. (A ∩ B) U ( C ∩ D ) b. A’ U B’ U C’ U D’

c. A – (B ∩ C U D) d. (A ∩ B) U ( C U D )

e. (A’ ∩ B’) U ( C ∩ D ) f. (A ∩ B) U ( C ⊕ D )

g. (A’ U B’) – (C⨀D) h. A – (B ⊕ C ⨀ D)

i. (A ⊕ B) U ( C ⨀ D ) i. (A ⊕ B)’ ∩ ( C ⨀ D )’

3. Redraw the Venn diagram and locate the result of the above operations

4. Prove that

a. (A U B) - ( A ∩ B) = (A ⊕ B)

b. (A ⊕ B) = (A-B) U (B-A)

c. (A ⊕ B) ⊕ ( C ⊕ D ) = (A ⊕ C) ⊕ (B⊕D)

d. (A ⨀ B ) ⨀ ( C ⨀ D ) = (A ⨀ D) ⨀ (B ⨀ C )

e. (A ⊕ B) ⊕ ( C ⊕ D ) = ((A ⨀ D) ⨀ (B ⨀ C))’