INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 15312

First edition
2003-12-01

Corrected version
2004-09-15

Rolling bearings — Thermal speed

rating — Calculation and coefficients
Roulements — Vitesse de référence thermique — Calculs et facteurs
de correction

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ISO 15312:2003
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Reference number
ISO 15312:2003(E)

© ISO 2003
ISO 15312:2003(E)

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 ISO 15312:2003(E)

Contents Page

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ iv
1 Scope...................................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative references ........................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions........................................................................................................................... 2
4 Symbols and units ................................................................................................................................ 3
5 Reference conditions............................................................................................................................ 4
5.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... 4
5.2 Reference conditions determining the frictional heat generation ................................................... 4
5.3 Reference conditions determining the heat emission ...................................................................... 5
6 Calculation of the thermal speed rating ............................................................................................. 7
7 Explanatory notes ................................................................................................................................. 8
Annex A (informative) Coefficients f0r and f1r .................................................................................................. 9
Annex B (informative) Thermal speed rating for rolling bearings with grease lubrication ...................... 11
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Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 12

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ISO 15312:2003(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 15312 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 4, Rolling bearings, Subcommittee SC 8, Load
ratings and life.
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In this corrected version of ISO 15312:2003, the status of both Annex A and Annex B has been changed from
normative to informative. (standards.iteh.ai)
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15312:2003(E)

Rolling bearings — Thermal speed rating — Calculation and

coefficients

1 Scope
This International Standard defines the thermal speed rating for oil bath lubricated rolling bearings and defines
calculation principles for the determination of this parameter. The parameter determined in accordance with
this International Standard applies to rolling bearings of the given series and sizes of standard design or of a
design that, from a frictional point of view, can be related to a standard design bearing.

In most cases of standard assembly, the permissible temperature determines the maximum operating speed.
Heating of the assembly is then generated by the bearing.

Thrust ball bearings are excluded from this International Standard as kinematic effects do not allow the
thermal speed rating defined in this International Standard to be applied.

NOTE 1 In Annex A mean values for the coefficients f0r and f1r are given — f0r for calculating viscous losses of oil bath
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lubricated bearings and f1r for calculating frictional losses of bearings.

NOTE 2 In Annex B the reference (standards.iteh.ai)

conditions for grease lubrication are defined. The reference conditions are chosen
such that the thermal speed rating for grease lubrication is identical to that for oil bath lubrication.
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2 Normative references d1942edea30b/iso-15312-2003

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 76:1987, Rolling bearings — Static load ratings

ISO 1132-1:2000, Rolling bearings — Tolerances — Part 1: Terms and definitions

ISO 5593:1997, Rolling bearings — Vocabulary

ISO 5753:1991, Rolling bearings — Radial internal clearance

ISO 15241:2001, Rolling bearings — Symbols for quantities

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ISO 15312:2003(E)

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given in ISO 1132-1, ISO 5593 and the following
apply.

3.1
thermal speed rating
inner ring or shaft washer rotational speed at which equilibrium is reached between the heat generated by the
friction in the bearing and the heat flow emitted through the bearing seating (shaft and housing) under the
reference conditions

NOTE 1 The thermal speed rating is one among various criteria which permit comparison of the different rolling bearing
types and sizes with regard to their suitability for operation at high speed.

NOTE 2 Mechanical and kinematic criteria which could lead to further speed limitations are not taken into account by
the thermal speed rating.

3.2
reference conditions
conditions for the thermal speed rating related to

a) the mean temperature of the stationary outer ring or housing washer of the bearing, i.e. the reference
temperature, and the mean environmental temperature, i.e. the reference ambient temperature;

b) the factors determining the friction losses in the bearing, such as:


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the magnitude and direction of the bearing load;


(standards.iteh.ai)
the method of lubrication, type of lubricant, its kinematic viscosity and quantity;
ISO 15312:2003
 other general reference conditions;
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c) the heat flow emitted from the rolling bearing defined as the product of the "heat emitting reference
surface area of the rolling bearing" and the "reference heat flow density specific to the rolling bearing".

NOTE The heat emission under the reference conditions is based on empirical values and represents the heat
emission of the real bearing arrangement. It is, however, independent of the real design of the bearing arrangement.

3.3
heat emitting reference surface area
sum of the contact areas, between inner ring (shaft washer) and shaft and between outer ring (housing
washer) and housing, through which the heat flow is emitted

3.4
reference load
bearing load, determined by the reference conditions, which causes the load-dependent frictional moment

3.5
reference heat flow
heat flow, emitted by thermal conduction through the heat emitting reference surface, and caused by frictional
resistance, when the bearing is operating under the reference conditions

3.6
reference heat flow density
reference heat flow divided by the heat emitting reference surface area

3.7
reference ambient temperature
mean environmental temperature of the bearing arrangement under the reference conditions

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 ISO 15312:2003(E)

3.8
reference temperature
mean temperature of the stationary outer ring or housing washer of the bearing under the reference conditions

4 Symbols and units

For the purposes of this document, the symbols given in ISO 15241 and the following apply.

Table 1 — Symbols and units

Symbol Term Unit

Ar Heat emitting reference surface area mm2

B Width of rolling bearing mm
C0a Basic static axial load rating in accordance with ISO 76 N

C0r Basic static radial load rating in accordance with ISO 76 N

d Bearing bore diameter mm

dm Mean diameter of rolling bearing dm = 0,5 × (D + d) mm

d1 Outside diameter of the inner ring of thrust spherical roller bearing mm

D Bearing outside diameter mm

D1
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Inside diameter of the outer ring of thrust spherical roller bearing mm

f0r (standards.iteh.ai)
Coefficient for the load-independent frictional moment for the reference conditions 1

f1r Coefficient for the load-dependentISO

frictional moment for the reference conditions
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M0 https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/f8bfbecd-306d-4af8-8040-
Load-independent frictional moment N.mm
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M0r Load-independent frictional moment under the reference conditions at the thermal speed N.mm
rating, nθ r

M1 Load-dependent frictional moment N.mm

M1r Load-dependent frictional moment under the reference conditions at the thermal speed N.mm
rating, nθr

nθ r Thermal speed rating min−1

Nr Bearing power loss under the reference conditions at the thermal speed rating, nθr W

P1r Reference load N

qr Reference heat flow density W/mm2

T Total width of tapered roller bearing mm
α Contact angle °
θAr Reference ambient temperature °C

θr Reference temperature °C

vr Kinematic viscosity of the lubricant under the reference conditions (at the reference mm2/s
temperature, θr, of the rolling bearing)

Φr Reference heat flow W

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ISO 15312:2003(E)

5 Reference conditions

5.1 General

The reference conditions in this International Standard are mainly based on the operating conditions of the
most frequently used bearing types and sizes.

5.2 Reference conditions determining the frictional heat generation

5.2.1 Reference temperatures

Reference temperature of the bearing on the stationary outer ring or housing washer: θr = 70 °C.

Reference temperature of the bearing environment: θAr = 20 °C.

5.2.2 Reference load

5.2.2.1 Radial bearings with contact 5 % of the basic static radial load rating C0r as P1r = 0,05 × C0r
angle 0° u α u 45° pure radial load.
In the case of a single-row angular contact
bearing, the reference load refers to the radial
component of that load which causes a purely
radial displacement of the bearing rings in
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relation to each other.
5.2.2.2 Thrust roller bearings with (standards.iteh.ai)
2 % of the basic static axial load rating C 0a as P1r = 0,02 × C0a
contact angle 45° < α u 90° centrically acting axial load.
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5.2.3.1 Lubricant A mineral oil without EP additives having the following kinematic
viscosity, vr, at θr = 70 °C:

a) Radial bearings vr = 12 mm2/s (ISO VG 32)

b) Thrust roller bearings vr = 24 mm2/s (ISO VG 68)

5.2.3.2 Method of lubrication Oil bath lubrication with an oil level up to the centre of the rolling
element in the lowest position.

5.2.4 Other reference conditions

5.2.4.1 Bearing characteristics

size range standard type bearings up to and including a bore diameter of
1 000 mm
internal clearance complying with group "N" as specified in ISO 5753:1991
seals not provided with contacting seals
double row radial bearings and presumed to be symmetrical
double direction thrust bearings
rolling bearings where the rolling presumed that the running surface of the shaft or housing is
elements operate directly on the equivalent in all respects to the raceway of the bearing ring or
shaft or in the housing washer which it replaces

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 ISO 15312:2003(E)

5.2.4.2 Arrangement of the bearing

bearing rotational axis horizontal
NOTE For thrust cylindrical roller and needle roller bearings care should be taken to supply oil to the upper rolling
elements.

outer ring or housing washer stationary

angular contact bearing setting zero operating clearance

5.3 Reference conditions determining the heat emission

5.3.1 Heat emitting reference surface area

The following surface areas are defined as the heat emitting reference surface area Ar.

a) For radial bearings with the exception of tapered roller bearings, see Figure 1.

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A = π × B (D + d) r (1)
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Figure 1

b) For tapered roller bearings, see Figure 2.

Ar = π × T (d + D) (2)

NOTE The total width of the bearing has been used instead of the individual ring widths to give results that align
more correctly with empirical data.

Figure 2

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