NEBOSH IGC

Introduction
Reghu Radhakrishnan
Grad IOSH, MIIRSM, IDipNEBOSH

 Career: Started with ONGC in 2005 and worked for SABIC, Saudi Arabia,
HSE Officer, HSE Supervisor, Sr. HSE Supervisor, HSE Lead from 2007-2021
 Qualifications: Several Academic,Vocational Qualifications and membership
with International Professional Bodies
 Interest: Research (Health & Safety), Writing, Cricket and Music
 Subject Areas: Reflective Learning, HSE, Leadership, HSE Culture, Behavioral
Safety, Process safety and HSE Practitioner Development
 Passions: Education,Training & Development & CPD
ELEMENT 1
WHY WE SHOULD MANAGE
WORKPLACE HEALTH & SAFETY
1.1 MORAL AND FINANCIAL REASONS
Discuss the moral and financial reasons for managing health and safety in the
workplace

HEALTH SAFETY
Physical or mental disorder caused or triggered Protection from physical injury
by workplace activities
Hidden danger Obvious danger
Exposure to hazard Contact with hazard
Usually builds up slowly over period of time Immediate outcome - accident
Loss difficult to assess Known loss
Developing knowledge Historical
Safe person solutions Safe place solutions
JUSTIFICATIONS FOR MANAGING HEALTH & SAFETY (HEL)

-Human/Moral
-Economical/Financial
-Legal

HUMAN/MORAL ECONOMICAL/FINANCIAL LEGAL

• Employees expect to go home safely • Accidents and ill-health cause • There are strict legal obligation imposed on
• Injuries/ill-health cause great deal of pain and • a) interruption to production or downgrade the quality of employers and employees relating to the safety
suffering (to the injured and their family) products, b) costs of damages to plant, equipment and of employees and others affected by the
• Society may voice it through the media buildings, c) impact to environment and cost of business
• Employers have a Common Law duty to take care cleaning/fines
of employees (these requirements are engraved in • Criminal liabilities and fines have to be paid directly from
Civil and Criminal laws) the company’s profits
• Employer to provide PEST: • Company Directors could face imprisonment
-A safe place of work (P) • Cost due to loss of production, replacement of equipment
-Safe plant/equipment (E) and/or staff
-Safe systems of work (S) • Cost of investigating an accident
-Training and supervision (T) • Costs associated with bad press, poor public perception,
damaged reputation to the brand
• Cost to the State e.g., payments to the incapacitated
worker and costs of medical treatment
• Direct and Indirect costs or insured/uninsured costs
COST TO ORGANISATIONS DUE TO POOR H&S STANDARDS

Insured Direct costs Uninsured Direct costs

• Claims paid through public liability insurance • Fines resulting from prosecution by the enforcement authorities
• Damage to buildings and/or equipment • Sick pay
• Production and/or general business losses • Some damage to product, equipment, vehicles or processes
• Losses due to absence of employees • Increase in insurance premiums
• Any compensation not covered by the insurance policy
• Legal representation following any compensation claims

Insured Indirect costs Uninsured Indirect costs

• Cumulative business losses • Loss of goodwill and poor corporate image
• Product or process liability claims • Accident investigation time and any subsequent remedial actions
• Recruitment of replacement staff • Production delays
• Extra overtime payments
• Lost time for other employees such as a first aider/supervisor
• Additional administration time incurred and retraining
• Lower employee morale leading to reduced productivity
REASONS WHY H&S CAN BE OVERLOOKED IN AN ORGANIZATION
(HELLLPPU)

• High staff turnover

• Employee apathy
• Lack of management commitment,
support and visibility
• Lack of resources
• Lack of consultation
• Poor communication
• Priority on production/pressure on
business
• Unclear roles and responsibilities
1.2 REGULATING HEALTH & SAFETY
Explain how the law works and the consequences of non-compliance
Actions by enforcement agencies for not complying to H&S standards
Their role is to protect, enforce and advise on H&S management and standards including powers to:
 Enter any premises
 Examine and investigate
 Direct that premises or part of a premises remain undisturbed
 Take photographs, measurements
 Take sample or retain unsafe articles and substances
 Order the testing, dismantling and examination of equipment
 Remove from site or take possession of items
 Provide advice or caution companies
 Take formal actions including putting a stop to work
 Initiate prosecutions which may result in companies having to pay fines and/or face imprisonment
ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS - ISO 45001

 Help organization demonstrate compliance with H&S law

 Proves the implementation of international standards
 Unbiased 3rd party audit
 Certification scheme proves good H&S management and improvements made continuously
 Proves compliance with national H&S laws
 Provides a clear process-based approach to risk management
 Helps in maintaining a high H&S standard assist in delivering consumer and worker protection
 Provide a level playing field for businesses to compete at international level
 Enhance trade with other countries
United nations agency - International Labour Organization (ILO) convention C155 (goal setting
policy) and recommendations R164 (supplements and guides on how to use C155)

C155- Article 16: Employers’ responsibilities under the ILO

Employers shall be required to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable:
1. Provision of safe workplaces, machinery, equipment (maintain) and processes (procedures - training, supervision)
2. Chemical, physical and biological substances/agents under their control are without risk to health when the appropriate
measures (working hours, shifts, breaks) of protection (eliminate excessive physical and mental fatigue) are taken.
Undertake research and update with developments
3. Employers shall be required to provide, where necessary, adequate PPE
C155 - Article 17: Whenever two or more undertakings engage in activities simultaneously at one workplace, they shall
collaborate in applying the requirements of this Convention
C155 - Article 18: Measures to deal with emergencies and accidents, including adequate first aid arrangements
FURTHER INFORMATION ON H&S MATTERS FOR COMPANIES
Internal Sources of Information External Sources of Information
• Accident records • International standards (International Labour
• Medical records Organization (ILO)
• Departmental standards • International Standards Organization (ISO)
• Risk Assessments • World Health Organization (WHO)
• Maintenance reports • National legislations,
• Job Instructions • Regional standards and Code of practices,
• Guidance from Safety Reps, Audits, Surveys, Sampling • Manufacturer’s information/ data (MSDS)
and Tours • Local safety groups
• Safety committee minutes • Trade associations
• Journals and magazines
INTERNATIONAL BODIES ON H&S MATTERS

International Labour Aims to promote rights at work, encourage decent employment opportunities, enhance social
Organization (ILO) - protection and strengthen dialogue on work-related issues
United Nations agency

International Standards World’s largest developer and publisher of International Standards

Organization (ISO)

Network of the national standards institutes of many countries, with a Central Secretariat in Geneva,
Switzerland

World Health Directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations system
Organization (WHO)

Responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, setting norms and standards, monitoring
and assessing health trends
1.3 WHO DOES WHAT IN ORGANIZATIONS
Summarize the main health and safety duties of different groups of people at work

How top managers can demonstrate commitment

 Appointing senior managers to take a lead on safety matters
 Integrating H&S requirements into organizational business processes
 Ensuring communication of policy and consultation on H&S matters
 Providing safe and healthy working conditions
 Defining roles and responsibilities - clear policy/procedures
 Appointing competent persons (internal and external, including specialists) to help organizations meet its H&S obligations
 Reviewing H&S performance
 Allocating sufficient resources to H&S such as time, money, equipment, staff training etc.
 Protecting workers from reprisals when reporting H&S issues
MANAGEMENT OF WORKERS/CONTRACTORS
SHARING A WORKPLACE

Article 17- Whenever two or more engage in activities simultaneously at same workplace, they shall collaborate by:
 Encouraging open communications (e.g., suggestion schemes, notice boards)
 Giving recognition when workers identify risks
 Coordinating arrangements for first aid, emergency medical care and rescue work
 Coordinating procedure for serious and imminent dangerous activities
 Notifying others of changes impacting them
 Cooperating on welfare arrangements General duties of Client and Contractors
GENERAL DUTIES OF CLIENT AND CONTRACTORS -
ILO CODE OF PRACTICE ON CONSTRUCTION SITES

 Coordinate or nominate competent person to co-ordinate all H&S activities

 Inform all contractors on the project of special risks to H&S of which the client is aware of
 Require those submitting tenders to make provision for the cost of H&S
 Take account of H&S requirements throughout the construction stage
1.4 MANAGING CONTRACTORS EFFECTIVELY
Explain how contractors should be selected, monitored and
managed

FIVE STEPS IN MANAGING CONTRACTORS

1.PLANNING (PLAN) 2. CHOOSING CONTRACTORS
• Define the job • Experience
• Identify the hazards involved • Take References
• Manage risks from the hazards • Enforcement history
• Document - Pre-Construction Information • Safety management documentation
• Accident/ill-health data
• Member of Trade/Professional bodies
• Company (GOA) and Staff competence (SKATE)
• Sub-contractor Management
• Ongoing Coordination arrangement
• Employee Management
• Cost
 FIVE STEPS IN MANAGING CONTRACTORS

3. SITE MANAGEMENT (DO) 4. MONITORING (CHECK)

• Only allow authorized contractors on site • Review progress
• Implement Site Rules • System in place to ensure contractors are supervising and
• Manage visitors/contractors/neighbors checking that work is done safely
• Regular consultation/communication with all • Procedure for reporting and improving system after
• Appoint contact persons accident/incident
• Hazards at work managed through RAMS
• Procedures for specific activities - entry into restricted area,
permits, material delivery, waste disposal, emergencies
• Document - Construction Phase Plan/F10 4.

5. REVIEWING WORK (ACT)

• Lessons learnt after work is done
• What changes required next time
• Reviewing the list of preferred contractors
• Document- H&S File
BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Rozario, Marshel, A study book

for the NEBOSH International
General Certificate
 Phil Huges, International Health
& Safety at work
 Ed Ferrett, International Health
& Safety at work
 NEBOSH IGC Learning partner
guide