Shsbtsbstajs

DATA GATHERING
5. Microorganism
file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/Atikuetal2018.pdf
How crucial is TVC and TCC
The Standard Plate Count test measures the bacteriological quality of drinking water in public and
private water systems. Samples from water are placed on a plate of nutrients and bacteria in the water
develop into visible colonies. This test is a way to check the efficiency of water treatment.
https://etrlabs.com/product/standard-plate-count/#:~:text=The%20Standard%20Plate%20Count
%20test,the%20efficiency%20of%20water%20treatment.
The presence of fecal coliform in a drinking water sample often indicates recent fecal contamination,
meaning that there is a greater risk that pathogens are present than if only total coliform bacteria is
detected. E. coli is a sub-group of the fecal coliform group.
https://doh.wa.gov/community-and-environment/drinking-water/contaminants/coliform#:~:text=The
%20presence%20of%20fecal%20coliform,of%20the%20fecal%20coliform%20group.
What is TVC and TCC?
Total viable count (TVC) is a test that estimates the total numbers of microorganisms, such as bacteria,
yeast or mould species, that are present in a water sample.
https://www.wcs-group.co.uk/wcs-blog/total-viable-count-in-water-testing
Total coliform counts give a general indication of the sanitary condition of a water supply. Total
Coliforms are used as an indicator of the cleanliness of a water source.
https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/water/drinking/coliform_bacteria.htm#:~:text=Total
%20coliform%20counts%20give%20a,in%20human%20or%20animal%20waste.
Standard Value for drinking water
TVC- The standard plate count (SPC) for drinking water, as described in Standard Methods (American
Public Health Association, 1975), is the plating of small quantities (usually 1.0 or 0.1 ml) of a properly
collected water sample in a nutrient agar medium (plate count tryptone glucose extract agar) and
incubating aerobically for a fixed period at a prescribed temperature (35ºC for 24 h or 20ºC for 48 h).
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK234164/#:~:text=The%20standard%20plate%20count
%20(SPC,extract%20agar)%20and%20incubating%20aerobically
TCC- The Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for bacteria in drinking water is zero total coliform colonies
per 100 milliliters of water as established by the EPA.
https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/Departments-and-Agencies/DPH/dph/environmental_health/pdf/
04BacteriainPrivateDrinkingWaterWells0409pdf.pdf
Experiment process in plate count method
https://users.aber.ac.uk/hlr/mpbb/index_files/Page299.html?
fbclid=IwAR3w5v7ax1x9q25n3Cbj70e1RmjYB4Z3qflQ9TQjPiwWqPgGZ69AShwGVkw
Coliform bacteria can be quantitated by a membrane filtration technique, using a selective differential
media followed by identification. Use of the membrane filtration technique allows accurate
quantification of coliforms when low counts are anticipated.
https://blogs.worldbank.org/water/how-test-water-quality-low-cost-low-tech-options-microbial-
testing#:~:text=Membrane%20filtration%3A%20Membrane%2Dbased%20tests,as%20the%20water
%20passes%20through.
References: (nakacitation na)
“.How to Test Water Quality? Low-Cost, Low-Tech Options for Microbial Testing.” n.d.
Blogs.worldbank.org. https://blogs.worldbank.org/water/how-test-water-quality-low-cost-low-tech-
options-microbial-testing#:~:text=Membrane%20filtration%3A%20Membrane%2Dbased%20tests
“Plate Counting.” n.d. Users.aber.ac.uk. Accessed May 4, 2023.

https://users.aber.ac.uk/hlr/mpbb/index_files/Page299.html?
fbclid=IwAR3w5v7ax1x9q25n3Cbj70e1RmjYB4Z3qflQ9TQjPiwWqPgGZ69AShwGVkw.
Rinking, W, Ater Water, and Ater I I In N N C C. 2009. “P P PRIVATE RIVATE RIVATE D D DRINKING
RINKING Publication No. 4: Bacteria in Private Drinking Water Wells.”
https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/Departments-and-Agencies/DPH/dph/environmental_health/pdf/
04BacteriainPrivateDrinkingWaterWells0409pdf.pdf.
e, National Research Council (US) Safe Drinking Water. 2007. Microbiology of Drinking
Water. Www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. National Academies Press (US).
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK234164/#:~:text=The%20standard%20plate%20count
%20(SPC.
Coliform Bacteria in Drinking Water Supplies. (n.d.). Www.health.ny.gov.

https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/water/drinking/coliform_bacteria.htm#:~:text=Total
%20coliform%20counts%20gi
Greenwood, James. 2022. “What Is Total Viable Count in Water Testing and Why Is It Important?”
Www.wcs-Group.co.uk. September 20, 2022. https://www.wcs-group.co.uk/wcs-blog/total-viable-count-
in-water-testing.
“Coliform Bacteria in Drinking Water | Washington State Department of Health.” n.d.
Doh.wa.gov.
https://doh.wa.gov/community-and-environment/drinking-water/contaminants/
coliform#:~:text=The%20presence%20of%20fecal%20coliform.
“Standard Plate Count Water Test - ETR Laboratories, Inc.” n.d. Https://Etrlabs.com/.
https://etrlabs.com/product/standard-plate-count/#:~:text=The%20Standard%20Plate
%20Count%20test.
Atiku, Sadiya, Chukwuman Ogbaga, and Onyinye Agbara, eds. 2018. Review of Comparative Study of the
Physicochemical and Bacteriological Qualities of Some Drinking Water Sources in Abuja, Nigeria.
ResearchGate. June 2018.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325764061_Comparative_study_of_the_physicochemical_an
d_bacteriological_qualities_of_some_drinking_water_sources_in_Abuja_Nigeria

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DATA GATHERING

How crucial is TVC and TCC

Standard Value for drinking water

Experiment process in plate count method

References: (nakacitation na)

“Plate Counting.” n.d. Users.aber.ac.uk. Accessed May 4, 2023.

Coliform Bacteria in Drinking Water Supplies. (n.d.). Www.health.ny.gov.

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