L1 - The Age of Conflict and Chola Empire - 1680006115
L1 - The Age of Conflict and Chola Empire - 1680006115
L1 - The Age of Conflict and Chola Empire - 1680006115
(1000-1200 AD)
Introduction
Little attention was paid to the emergence of aggressive, expansionist Turkish states
on the north western border of India.
Led to incursion of the Turks into northern India leading to their rule towards the end
of the period.
Rise of the Rajputs
With the break-up of the Pratihara empire, during the period 1000- 1200 AD, a
number of Rajput states came into existence in north India and in different parts of
the country.
Note: Term Rajput has originated from Sanskrit word Rajputra, means
the son of a king or someone of royal lineage.
• Important Rulers:
• Bhoja (1010 – 1055 AD): Bhoja supported Hindu-Shahi ruler
Anandapala in his fight against the Ghaznavids. He has
written about grammar, poetry, chemistry, yoga, etc. Built a
temple of Sarasvati in Dhara and established a centre of
Paramaras of Sanskrit learning; founded the city of Bhojpur, built
Malwa Bhojeshwar temple and three dams in that region.
• Lakshmadeva (1086 – 1094 AD): As per Nagpur Prashasti
inscription, Lakshmadeva achieved a number of military
successes.
• Decline: Paramara king, Mahalakadeva was killed by the army of
Ala-ud-din Khilji of Delhi in 1305 AD.
The Rajput States
• Important Rulers:
• Bhima Ⅱ (1177 – 1240 AD): Successfully resisted the
invasions of Mohammad Ghori at the battle of Kayadara. In
1195, Mohammad Ghori’s deputy, Aibak invaded again but
Chalukyas of
Bhima Ⅱ defeated him.
Gujarat/Solanki
• Decline: After 1243 AD, Chalukyas of Gujarat lost to the Hindu
Rajputs
Vaghela dynasty of Dholka (feudatories of Solankis). After 1292
AD, Vaghelas became tributaries of the Seuna (Yadava) dynasty
of Devagiri in Deccan plateau. In 1297, Alau-din-Khilji conquered
Gujarat.
The Rajput States
Developed India’s sea trade in Indian Ocean and developed a powerful navy.
Origin of the Empire
Chola kingdom is mentioned in early Tamil literature, and one of the Pillars of
Ashoka (273 - 232 BCE).
Year 300 CE, Pallava and Pandya Kingdoms spread their influence over most of the
Tamil heartlands of southern India, and Cholas went into a decline.
When war broke out between the Pallava and Pandya kingdoms in about 850 CE, the
Cholas seized their chance.
King Vijayalaya renounced his Pallava overlord and captured the city of Thanjavur
(Tanjore), making it his new capital.
Virarajendra/ Vira • Built a victory pillar on the Tungabhadra river after defeating
Chola Chalukyan king Someshwar II, at Kudalasangama in 1064 AD.
( 1063-1067 AD) • Laid the foundation of a Vedic college of learning.
Political History: At a Glance
• United the Vengi kingdom of Chalukyas with the Chola empire.
• Sent a large embassy of 72 merchants to China.
Kulothunga Chola I • Carried out a land survey between 1086 AD to 1110 AD and
(1070-1120 AD) assumed the title of Sungam-tavirtta Cholan (abolisher of
tolls), Talakadgonda and Tribhuvan Chakravarti.
• Court was adorned by Kamban who wrote Ramayan in Tamil.
Vikram Chola • Gave donations to the Nataraja temple at Chidambaram.
(1120-1135 AD) • Adopted the title of Ahalanka and Tyagasamudra.
Kulothunga Chola • Ordered to throw away the image of Govindaraja into the sea
II and made handsome donations to Chidambaram Temple
( 1135-1150 AD) (Tamil Nadu).
Kulothunga Chola • In 1193 AD, performed Vijayabhisheka at Karuvar.
III • Built the Kampahareshvara temple (dedicated to lord Shiva) at
(1163-1218 AD) Tribhuvanam.
Key Features of Chola
Empire
Chola Empire ( 850 -1200 AD)
Pala
rattatanisman
chad
Q pandya
OriginofEIire
o
Foundar Vijayala
captured Thanjavur
vijayaled
Feudatory of Pallava
temple of
constructed goddess Nishumbhasudin
Aditt
Matrimonial alliance with Pallavas
defeated Pandya
Built Lord Shiva temple
Put an end to Pallava Kingdom
Prantakf
fight with Rashtrakutas 110 t
Changes in Natraj shiva temple at
Chidambaram
Temple of Music
Ramrod
Defeated the Shera Navy
Real Name Armoli Varmana
title Hammadi choladeva
Defeated
Chalukya
Rashtrakuta
Annexted north western
part
of Ganga Kingdom
victory against shailendra dynasty
Malaya Peninsula
Called himself shavite
dr
captured whole Sri Lanka
crossed and defeated Mahipala I
Inga
took title Gangaikondcholpuram
defeated Kadaram
RajadhivayI
Rajendra
Erected Jayasfambha at Kolhapur
Virajendrashed
foundation of Vedic college of learning
Ghatika 4 Paliahhandas
Knhugachold
Kamban wrote in Tamil
Ramayana
Ivambataram
Latercholas
KFeaures
ofchol cAdministration
King Top
MT common people
Sabha Brahamin
Nagaram Merchants
o
shernis Guilds
different name
f Pagar
I samaya
Manigram
o
Agrahara Land to Brahaming
Arindam
Two types
Param
grant
t
cirudaym
Captain Nayakam
Revenueftaxes
Arghatta and
o
Ghatiyantra
Ezonomy
Mainly agrarian
o
Kanchipuram
Kudaimukku
Palaiyavai
Manal
said
two
M
valangat Idgngat
f
Agricultural group Artisans and traders
Education
Religio
Ghatikar
Y paliahhandas
Literature
Ramavatharam Kamban
o
Saiva Canon Nambi Andar
Religion
o
Buddhism Jainism Shaivism
Siffanvasal
I
caves
Chudamani
vihara
Condition ofwoiman
o low
marriageable age
o considered inferior
mentally
o
duty to obey their husbands
Castesystem
iÉna Tom
solar
origin
Mount Abu
Rajputfe
f
vashitharishi Yagyal
u Chandrarainy
Suryavanshi
myth
o
Inter marriage
Kshatriya
1
Integration with
u
Huna Gurjar Pratihara
cans shahamant
Feudatories of Pratihara
Founder Simhavaja
Imp rulers Ajayraja
vigrahavaja
Prithviraj Battle with Md ahori
haaf Bundelkhand
o
Founder Nonaka
capital Khajuraho
King vidyadhara Mahmud 9hazari invaded
4 Khandaniya mahadev temple
Parmarasof Malwa
Feudatories of Rashtrakuta
Harsola Copper plate inscription
Kalasorfujrat I solankrajput
o
Bhima I successfully defeated
Ghaznavids
Tomary
Anangapalattining Tae
Surajpala SurajKund
0
Tradition of Baoli step well
Gekas okannay
o
Jailhandra supported Ghori
against
Prithviraj
Torongfandidatht time
I
Polity dented by feudalism
o
fighting to increase own area
Rajput
tfysup
E E E D
K
9h01
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Ahoy straddle free hands
I
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