V – Mai Thúc Loan.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer
sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the
numbered blanks from 26 to 30.

No one runs the internet. It’s organized as a decentralized network of networks.

Thousands of companies, universities, governments, and other (26) ......... operate
their own networks and exchange traffic with (27) .......... other based on voluntary
interconnection agreements.

The shared technical standards (28) ....... make the internet work are managed by
an organization called the Internet Engineering Task Force. The IETF is an open
organization; anyone is free to attend meetings, propose new standards, and
recommend changes to existing standards. No one is required to adopt standards
endorsed by the IETF, but the IETF’s consensus-based decision-making process
helps to (29) ......... that its recommendations are generally adopted by the internet
community.

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is

sometimes described as being (30) ......... for internet governance. As its name
implies, ICANN is in charge of distributing domain names (like vox.com) and IP
addresses. But ICANN doesn’t control who can connect to the internet or what
kind of information can be sent over it.

(Adapted from https://www.vox.com/)

26. A. entities B. terms C. amounts D. states

27. A. another B. every C. each D. all

28. A. that B. who C. when D. what

29. A. function B. stress C. exchange D. ensure

30. A. curious B. responsible C. cheerful D. interested

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer
sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35.

Dolphins are one of the most intelligent species on the planet, which makes them a
very interesting animal to scientists. In their natural habitats, dolphins use
various vocalization techniques. They whistle and squeak to recognize members of
their pod, identify and protect their young, and call out warnings of danger. They
also make clicking sounds used for echolocation to find food and obstacles in dark
and murky waters.

Amazingly, the whistling sound that the bottlenose dolphin makes has been found
to have a similar pattern to human language. They always make conversational
sounds when they greet each other. If you listen to dolphins' squeaks and squeals, it
will sound like they are having a conversation.

Dolphins usually use both sound and body language to communicate with each
other. It is through gesture and body language, however, that most of their
communication with humans comes. Dolphins can be trained to perform
complicated tricks. This suggests they have a high level of intelligence and
communication capacity. If they work for a long time with a trainer, they are able
to recognize and understand human commands.

A lot of dolphin communication has been studied using dolphins in captive

environments. These studies have been criticized because some marine biologists
believe that dolphins living in aquariums or research centers cannot be considered
"normal." Even so, most believe that studying dolphin communication in captivity
is useful for beginning to understand the complexity of dolphin communication.
After all, dolphins are one of the most intelligent animals. Their ability to
communicate is impressive and worthy of study.

31. What would be the most suitable title for the passage?

A. Communications in dolphins

B. Intelligent mammals in captivity

C. Dolphins' social tendencies with humans

D. Complex patterns in dolphin life

32. In line 2, the word vocalization is closest in meaning to ...............

A. making gestures B. creating words

C. producing sounds D. closing eyes

33. According to paragraph 4, what do some marine biologists think about captive
dolphins?

A. Their relationships are too personal with marine biologists.

B. They can't be considered accurate subjects for biological studies.

C. They can communicate exactly the same as humans do.

D. They easily demonstrate how dolphins act in the wild.

34. All of the following are true about dolphin communication EXCEPT .............

A. dolphins' squeals and squeaks sound conversational to the human ear

B. dolphins' clicking sounds are sometimes used to greet humans

C. communication using sounds and gestures occurs between dolphins

D. body language and gestures are used for communication with humans

35. In line 17, the word “most” refers to .............

A. the majority of marine biologists

B. a few bottlenose dolphins

C. a lot of bottlenose dolphins

D. the minority of marine biologists

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer
sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

There are many theories of aging, but virtually all fall into the category of being
hypotheses with a minimum of supporting evidence. One viewpoint is that aging
occurs as the body's organ systems become less efficient. Thus, failures in the
immune system, hormonal system, and nervous system could all produce
characteristics that we associate with aging. Following a different vein, many
current researchers are looking for evidence at the cellular and sub cellular level.

It has been shown that cells such as human fibroblasts (generalized tissue cells)
grown in culture divide only a limited number of times and then die. (Only cancer
cells seem immortal in this respect). Fibroblast cells from an embryo divide more
times than those taken from an adult. Thus some researchers believe that aging
occurs at the cellular level and is part of the cell's genetic makeup. Any event that
disturbs the cell's genetic machinery such as mutation, damaging chemicals in the
cell's environment, or loss of genetic material, could cause cells to lose their ability
to divide and thus bring on aging. Other theories of aging look at different
processes. Chronological aging refers to the passage of time since birth and is
usually measured in years.

While chronological age can be useful in estimating the average status of a large
group of people, it is a poor indicator of an individual person's status because there
is a tremendous amount of variation from one individual to the next in regard to the
rate at which biological age changes occur. For example, on the average, aging
results in people losing much of their ability to perform strenuous activities, yet
some elderly individuals are excellent marathon runners.

Another type of aging is cosmetic aging, which consists of changes in outward

appearance with advancing age. This includes changes in the body and changes in
other aspects of a person's appearance, such as the style of hair and clothing, the
type of eyeglasses, and the use of a hearing aid. Like chronological aging, it is
frequently used to estimate the degree to which other types of aging have occurred.
However, it is an inaccurate indicator for either purpose because of variation
among individuals and because a person's appearance is affected by many factors
that are not part of aging, including illness, poor nutrition, and exposure to
sunlight.

36. What is the best title for this passage?

A. Different Processes of Aging

B. Outstanding Characteristics Associated with Aging

C. Theories of Aging: Well Proven Hypotheses

D. Theories of Aging: Poorly Supported Hypotheses

37. The author points out that cancer cells ...............

A. seem to live forever

B. divide and then die

C. divide more in embryos than in adults

D. lose their ability to divide

38. The phrase “an embryo” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ...........

A. a descendant

B. an infant

C. a parent

D. an internal organ

39. The word “strenuous” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ..............

A. basic

B. troublesome

C. mental

D. intense

40. According to the passage, chronological aging is not a good indicator of an

individual’s status regarding aging because ..................

A. elderly people are often athletic

B. there is individual variation in the rate of biological aging

C. strenuous activities are not good measures of age

D. it is difficult to get accurate records of birth dates

41.In the last paragraph, the word “this” refers to .............

A. cosmetic aging

B. type of aging

C. outward appearance

D. advancing age

42. The author implies all of the following about cosmetic aging EXCEPT ............

A. It does not occur at the same rate for all people.

B. It is a poor indicator of chronological age.

C. Illness, poor nutrition, and exposure to sunlight cause aging to occur.

D. It is described by changes in outward appearance.

V – Mai Hắc Đế.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer
sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to
make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business
to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who
study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical
ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure
believe that it will yield optimal results, that is, the best decisions. Although there
are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all
similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a
clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next,
the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and
the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each
consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A
decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The
alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.

Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to
choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits
of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal
with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On
average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet
can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables
with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the
question “What will I do after graduation?” A graduate might seek a position that
offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.

A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that

will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between
long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different
decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student
might revise the question above to “What will I do after graduation that will lead
to a successful career?”
3. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Research on how people make decisions.

B. A tool to assist in making complex decisions.

C. A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions.

D. Differences between long-range and short-range decision making.

4. Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision
worksheet?

A. Deciding which consequences are most important

B. Calculating a numerical summary of each solution

C. Listing the consequences of each solution

D. Writing down all possible solutions

5. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by means of __________.

A. describing a process B. providing historical background

C. explaining a theory D. classifying types of worksheets

6. The word "optimal" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to __________

A. satisfactory B. suitable C. perfect D. creative

7. It can be inferred from the paragraph 2 that __________.

A. pencil and paper allow people to relax their minds when they make a decision

B. there is only one suitable solution to each problem

C. college students can use a worksheet to seek a job after graduation

D. human mental capacity has limitations

8. The word "it" from the third paragraph refers to__________.

A. worksheet B. decision C. problem D. distinction

9. The word “revise” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to__________.

A. predict B. ask C. change D. explain

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer
sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

The generation gap that was so in evidence during the 60s has resurfaced, but a
2009 study showed that it was not the disruptive force. The Pew Research Center
study found that 79% of Americans see major differences between younger and
older adults in the way they look at the world. In 1969, a Gallup Poll found that a
smaller percentage, 74%, perceived major differences.

Today, however, although more Americans see generational differences, most do

not see them as divisive. That is partly because of the areas of difference. The top
areas of disagreement between young and old people, according to the Pew
Research Study, are the use of technology and taste in music. Grandparents are
likely to have observed these differences in their grandchildren who are tweens,
teens, and young adults.

If large differences between the generations exist, why don't they spawn conflict?
The answer is twofold. First, the two largest areas of difference - technology and
music - are less emotionally charged than political issues. The older generation is
likely to be proud of the younger generation's prowess in technology rather than to
view it as a problem. As for the musical differences, each generation wants its own
style of music, and the older generation generally can relate to that desire. Second,
in the other areas of difference, the younger generation tends to regard the older
generation as superior to their own generation – clearly a difference from the 1960s
with its rallying cry of "Don't trust anyone over thirty!". According to the Pew
study, all generations regard older Americans as superior in moral values, work
ethics and respect for others.

25. Which of the following could be the main idea of the passage?

A. Different points of view are the main problem between generations in America.
B. Generation gap doesn't cause a big problem in American families.

C. The areas of difference in generation gap have changed over the years.

D. The generation gap in the past was different from that in the modern time.

26. The word "them” in the second paragraph refers to _______.

A. adults B. Americans C. differences D. areas

27. The word “prowess” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.

A. skill B. enrichment C. creation D. awareness

28. According to paragraph 3, what are the two reasons why large differences
between generations don't cause disagreement?

A. The generosity of the elder generation and the attitude of the younger
generation

B. The different styles of music and the knowledge of the elder generation

C. The pride of the elder generation and the obedience of the younger one.

D. The major areas of difference between generations and the respect for the elder
generation

29. According to the passage, which is NOT true?

A. Grandparents feel uncomfortable with their grandchildren because of their

better technology skills.

B. The majority of Americans agree that there are major differences in generations'
viewpoints.

C. The elderly in America are admired in moral values, work ethics and respect for
others.

D. Technology is one of the two biggest areas creating the gap between the old and
the young.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the
correct word that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Culture beliefs differ as to whether directness or indirectness is considered

positive. In the mainstream American culture, the ideal (37) _______ of
communication includes being direct rather than indirect (“ideal" here means that
the culture values this style, although not everyone speaks directly). There are
several expressions in English (38) _______ emphasize the importance of being
direct: “Get to the point! Don't beat around the bush! Let's get down to business!".
These sayings all indicate the importance of dealing directly with issues rather than
avoiding them. One way to determine whether a culture favours a direct or indirect
style in communication is to find out how the people in that culture express
disagreement or how they say “No”. In Japan, there are at least fifteen ways of
saying "No", without actually saying the word. (39) _______, in some countries,
there are different ways to express disagreement. For example, it would be
considered rude to say directly “I disagree with you!” or “You're wrong!".

(40) _______ Americans believe that honesty is the best policy, and their
communication style reflects this. Honesty and directness in communication are
strongly related. It is not a(n) (41) _______ then, to find out that cultural groups
misjudge each other based on different beliefs about directness and honesty in
communication.

37. A. phrase B. form C. shape D. word

38. A. when B. what C. who D. which

39. A. Frankly B. Differently C. Similarly D. Honestly

40. A. A lot B. Each C. Many D. Every

41. A. anger B. surprise C. disappointment D. interest

VI – Lý Tự Trọng.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer
sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 24 to 30.

Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War
is the country’s impressive population growth. For every three Canadians in 1945,
there were over five in 1966. In September 1966 Canada’s population passed the
20 million mark. Most of this surging growth came from natural increase. The
depression of the 1930s and the war had held back marriages, and the catching-up
process began after 1945. The baby boom continued through the decade of the
1950s, producing a population increase of nearly fifteen percent in the five years
from 1951 to 1956. This rate of increase had been exceeded only once before in
Canada’s history, in the decade before 1911, when the prairies were being settled.
Undoubtedly, the good economic conditions of the 1950s supported a growth in the
population, but the expansion also derived from a trend toward earlier marriages
and an increase in the average size of families. In 1957 the Canadian birth rate
stood at 28 per thousand, one of the highest in the world.

After the peak year of 1957, the birth rate in Canada began to decline. It continued
falling until in 1966 it stood at the lowest level in 25 years. Partly this decline
reflected the low level of births during the depression and the war, but it was also
caused by changes in Canadian society.

Young people were staying at school longer, more women were working; young
married couples were buying automobiles or houses before starting families; rising
living standards were cutting down the size of families. It appeared that Canada
was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families that had
occurred all through the Western world since the time of the Industrial Revolution.

Although the growth in Canada’s population had slowed down by 1966 (the
increase in the first half of the 1960s was only nine percent), another large
population wave was coming over the horizon. It would be composed of the
children who were born during the period of the high birth rate prior to 1957.
24. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Educational changes in Canadian society

B. Canada during the Second World War

C. Population trends in postwar Canada

D. Standards of living in Canada

25. The word “five” in bold refers to ..............

A. Canadians B. years C. decades D. marriages

26. The word “surging” in bold is closest in meaning to ............

A. new B. extra C. accelerating D. surprising

27. The author suggests that in Canada during the 1950’s ...............

A. the urban population decreased rapidly

B. fewer people married

C. economic conditions were poor

D. the birth rate was very high

28. The word “trend” in bold is closest in meaning to ...............

A. tendency B. aim C. growth D. directive

29. The word “peak” in bold is closest in meaning to .............

A. pointed B. dismal C. mountain D. maximum

30. The author mention all of the following as causes of declines in population
growth after 1957 EXCEPT _____________

A. people being better educated B. people getting married earlier

C. better standards of living D. couples buying houses

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer
sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the
numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

Why is culture important and how does it answer the question “What is cultural
identity?" Culture is the underlying foundation of traditions and beliefs that help a
person relate to the world around then. It is the basis for any superstitions they may
have. It is the aversion to (31) .............types of meat, or which days you can work
on. Culture gives us a (32) .......... starting point when beginning to search for our
roots. Knowing (33) ............a person comes from will help to define how they look
at their family obligations as well as how they celebrate important milestones in
life. As a person has given up their cultural identity, they no longer can identify
themselves with the things that were (34) ............ the most important things in their
lives. They lose direction. As time (35) .......... by and they continue to forget about
their past and their natural traditions, their identity becomes less and less
pronounced.

31. A. especial B. special C. specific D. typical

32. A. definitive B. definite C. definition D. definitively

33. A. by which B. how C. when D. where

34. A. at once B. once C. one time D. for once

35. A. goes B. flies C. passes D. walks

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer
sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50

Glass is a remarkable substance made from the simplest raw materials. It can be
colored or colorless, monochrome or polychrome, transparent, translucent, or
opaque. It is lightweight impermeable to liquids, readily cleaned and
reused, durable yet fragile, and often very beautiful Glass can be decorated in
multiple ways andits optical properties are exceptional. In all its myriad forms - as
table ware, containers, in architecture and design - glass represents a major
achievement in the history of technological developments.

Since the Bronze Age about 3,000 B.C. glass has been used for making various
kinds of objects. It was first made from a mixture of silica, line and an alkali
such as soda or potash, and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the
development of lead glass in the seventeenth century. When heated, the mixture
becomes soft and malleable and can be formed by various techniques into a vast
array of shapes and sizes. The homogeneous mass thus formed by melting then
cools to create glass, but in contrast to most materials formed in this way (metals,
for instance), glass lacks the crystalline structure normally associated with solids,
and instead retains the random molecular structure of a liquid. In effect, as molten
glass cools, it progressively stiffens until rigid, but does so without setting up a
network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process. This is
why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow. Why glass deteriorates over time,
especially when exposed to moisture, and why glassware must be slowly reheated
and uniformly cooled after manufacture to release internal stresses induced by
uneven cooling.

Another unusual feature of glass is the manner in which its viscosity changes
as it turns from a cold substance into a hot, ductile liquid. Unlike metals that flow
or “freeze” at specific temperatures glass progressively softens as the temperature
rises, going through varying stages of malleability until it flows like a thick syrup.
Each stage of malleability allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms,
by different techniques, and if suddenly cooled the object retains the shape
achieved at that point. Glass is thus amenable to a greater number of heat-forming
techniques than most other materials.

43. Why does the author list the characteristics of glass in paragraph 1?

A. to demonstrate how glass evolved

B. to show the versatility of glass

C. to explain glassmaking technology

D. to explain the purpose of each component of glass

44. The word "durable" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ___________.

A. lasting B. delicate C. heavy D. plain

45. What does the author imply about the raw materials used to make glass?

A. They were the same for centuries. B. They are liquid.

C. They are transparent. D. They are very heavy.

46. According to the passage, how is glass that has cooled and become rigid
different from most other rigid substances?

A. It has an interlocking crystal network.

B. It has an unusually low melting temperature.

C. It has varying physical properties.

D. It has a random molecular structure.

47. The words “exposed to” in paragraph 2 most likely mean _____________.

A. hardened by B. chilled with C. subjected to D. deprived of

48. What must be done to release the internal stresses that build up in glass
products during manufacture?

A. The glass must be reheated and evenly cooled.

B. The glass must be cooled quickly.

C. The glass must be kept moist until cooled.

D. The glass must be shaped to its desired form immediately.

49. The word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to ____________.

A. feature B. glass C. manner D. viscosity

50. According to the passage, why can glass be more easily shaped into specific
forms than can metals?

A. It resists breaking when heated. B. It has better optical properties.

C. It retains heat while its viscosity changes.

D. It gradually becomes softer as its temperature rises.