Vertical Farming
Vertical Farming
Vertical Farming
CLASS:12-F
SUBJECT TEACHER:MEAGAN DSOUZA
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
STUDENT PROFILE
OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
METHODOLOGY
I have used secondary source of data like
Internet
Websites
INDEX
Introduction
Introduction on how to start vertical farming in India:
India is the most populous country. India is developing
every day with something new. Also, industrialization is
growing dramatically, putting many arable lands at greater
risk. Vertical farming is the answer to all these problems in
India. Vertical farming is the cultivation and production of
crops/plants on vertical layers and vertical slopes. Vertical
farming is defined as the process of cultivating crops in
vertical layers. It can be a very promising source for the
future as space can be used to produce large quantities of
vegetables and fruits.
Vertical farming is a modern way of maintaining our
agricultural practices. In India, it is mostly polyhouse based
farming. Polyhouse farming is a safer method that produces
more vegetables and fruits throughout India. Environmental
control in vertical farming to keep the environment under
complete control LED lighting, heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning (HVAC) systems, sensors and smart software,
Internet of Things (IoT), drones, Includes growing crops
vertically using technology such as mobile apps. Crops are
grown indoors in vertical farming, under artificial light and
temperature conditions.
We can plant crops in vertical farms at any time of the year and
therefore produce according to the needs of the market. Because
production is done in a controlled environment with natural
nutrients, we get a standard crop. Production of food throughout the
year without the risk of natural catastrophes such as flood, heavy
rain, uneven rain, hail and snowfall, drought, extremely high
temperatures, cold waves, pests, and diseases, etc. It reduces the
cost of transporting grain loads from rural to urban areas and
minimizes the damage. From village to city, agricultural production
has also declined significantly.
Excess nutrients used in vertical farming can interfere with the central urban
water system and cause pollution if left untreated.
LED lighting systems emit heat even though a small amount will cause problems
in maintaining the temperature, especially in the summer months, and can
overload the air conditioning system which will again cost energy.
Systems of vertical farming in India
Hydroponics
This is a way to increase the food in the water using the mineral
nutrient solution without soil. The main advantage of this method is
that it reduces soil-related farming problems such as soil-borne
insects, pests, and diseases. In hydroponics, crops grow in a nutrient-
rich water basin and the water is re-circulated, resulting in better
performance and lower water consumption.
Aquaponics
1. Physical configuration,
2. Lighting,
4. Sustainability characteristics.
Vertical farming at home takes up very little space. A closet, kitchen corner, or an
incomplete basement can be the perfect place to start a vertical farm. You will
want the ability to control the temperature as well as provide artificial light,
water, and fertilizer.
Vertical farming is one of the fastest-growing methods and it has many benefits.
The important health benefits for fish farming are fresh food, increased urban
availability, reduced pollution, and no chemical use.
Initially, vertical fields used fluorescent lights to help crop growth. However, with
the development of LED light technology, fluorescent lights are slowly replacing
new, energy-efficient bulbs. The best practice is to use pink lights, a combination
of red and blue LED lights.
CASE STUDY
Human population is projected to reach 9.7 billion in 2050 and strike 11.2 billion by
2100. Residence shift from countryside to cities will occur and the human population
resides in the cities is envisaged to rise from 55% to 68%. Vertical farming was proposed
to address food insecurity caused by overcrowded population and farmland shortages.
The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of vertical farming in the Asia Pacific is
forecasted to grow at 22.1% with a market size reaching USD 2,101.0 million by 2024.
Malaysian government encourages the implementation of vertical farming as the
production of major agricultural commodities has contracted by 3.4% from 2015 to
2017. However, high energy consumption is one of the shortcomings of a vertical farm
as the estimated annual energy consumption for each square meter of growing area is
3500 kW h. Thus, this paper proposes an optimized building geometry modeling
integrated with energy yield estimation tool to evaluate the potential of integrating
green energy into urban agriculture. This research examines the load demand in the
vertical farming systems and develops solar/hybrid/storage for vertical farming system
with energy yield, performance ratio, economics and environmental assessments.
Preliminary resources assessment by analyzing the solar radiation of the sites was
carried out at stage 1. At stage 2, load consumption was calculated, and specifications of
the system were justified. Stage 3 included the development of solar PV system for the
vertical farms, the economic evaluation in the context of net present cost (NPC),
levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and investigation of the environmental impact. Grid-
connected and standalone solar PV systems were developed for comparative studies.
The estimated daily energy consumption for vertical farms in Selangor and Kuching was
430.116 kW h and 1002.024 kW h. Energy generated by grid-connected solar PV systems
supported 11.6% and 8.35% of the load consumption in Selangor and Sarawak. The
performance ratios of grid-connected solar PV systems in both selected sites were
82.22% and 82.56%. The finding proved that proposed work has significantly reduced
the dependency of the utility grid. Additionally, the LCOE with solar PV integration
vertical farming system appeared to be lower than the LCOE of the grid and lower CO 2
emission. This paper serves as a reference guide to the vertical farming stakeholders,
national policy-decision makers and non-profit organizations who planned for similar
initiatives especially those within the tropical climate regions.
With the high demand in the international market, we have chosen to grow
turmeric through vertical cultivation. That produces 5% curcumin in turmeric in
Polyhouse, which is eligible for export. Another characteristic of turmeric is its
shelf life. Nothing will happen to this crop for 3 years, once it dries and we have
the technology, through which we can preserve it for 6 years.
India produces 82% turmeric (less than 3% curcumin) in the world. Domestically,
it is mainly used in powder form. So in the future, we can start production of 5%
Curcumin Turmeric Powder which will be a big business, which has not started
yet. Vertical systems are used for growing leafy vegetables such as Basil,
Coriander, Lettuce, Thyme, Spinach, and Gerbera, etc.
Lettuce – Lettuce and some other green leafy vegetables are grown mainly by
indoor farmers. Lettuce is easy to grow and available in many varieties, it is easy
to grow, and in year-round demand.
Kale – Kale is richer in iron. Also, it is delicious and available in many varieties.
Kale vegetables can be a great choice for vertical farmers.
Chard and collard greens – These leafy greens are not very popular but can
grow quite large under suitable conditions, and can be grown partially several
times, each time growing back with a larger yield.
Basil – Basil is also an ideal crop in vertical farming. Basil is available for a few
months as it is sensitive to cold temperatures, but in vertical farming climate-
controlled conditions, it responds very well and is rich in oils and flavors.
Chives and mint – These are the best crops to start for a new vertical farmer.
They are easy to cut due to their dense, grass-like growing structure. And their
distinctive tastes also make them popular with customers.
Labor costs – The higher the energy costs in vertical farming, the higher the
labor costs due to the centers where wages are higher, as well as the need for
more skilled labor. However, automation in vertical fields may require fewer
workers. Manual pollination can be one of the most laborious tasks in vertical
fields.
They can easily fit in tight spaces and provide a powerful light and
save more energy than incandescent bulbs. HPS grow lights or high-
pressure sodium lights are used by many commercial farmers. They
dissipate a significant amount of heat, so when it comes to the
distance between crops and light, it is important to ensure proper
measures. LED grow lights are the most energy-efficient of the three
basic types. They also do not produce heat that can damage crops.
Aeroponics uses soil and very little water to grow plants. Aeroponics in vertical
farming was developed by the National Aeronautical and Space Administration
(NASA). The most effective way to grow is to use water mist on plants and roots.
They are said to consume the most nutrients and vitamins. The best crops used in
aeroponics are Lettuce, herbs, and strawberries.
Aquaponics combines fish and plants in a single closed ecosystem. In this system,
the fish grow in indoor ponds and the plants use the nutrient-rich waste as food for
the fish they produce. This creates a thriving system for fish and plants to grow
together. Many kinds of fruits and vegetables can be grown effectively from
goldfish, tilapia, carp, sunfish, bass, and many more. All growing sources depend on
the type of crop and the amount of produce.
CONCLUSION
BIBLOGRAPHY
https://www.agrifarming.in/vertical-farming-in-india-how-to-start-crops
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S175500842100017X