GROUP NAMES ID #

1.Omer Mohamed A/rahmaan 14804

2.Ahmed harun muhumed 14752

3.Jaamac yuusuf faarah 15878

4. A/risak nour yonis 14993

1
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and fore most I would like to thank Allah for his never-ending grace, mercy, and provision

during what ended up being one of toughest times of our life.

And also thank to our teacher Mr: Eng Abdifatah muhumed who is helps us more and more

knowledge that we can’t avoid and give us more motivations, who help us to prepare easily in this

project of water supply and make it possible to search more information that related this water

distribution Also we give thanks the engineers that we want to get skill.

Secondly, we would like to thanks to our parents and friends who helped us a lot in finalizing our

project of Buran water supply with in the limited time frame.

Finally, we like to thank of all our supporters who have to motivated us to fulfill our project before

the timeline.

2
 o Final exam Contents

• Cover page

• Group member

1. Chapter one: project background

2. Chapter two: Existing water system

3. Chapter three: Water demand and population

4. Chapter four: Selection of water sources

5. Chapter five: Storage and water distribution system {papulation forecasting analysis and

demand analysis}

6. Chapter six: WaterGEMS results

7. Chapter seven: Conclusion and recommendation

• Appendix (pictures from project results)

3
 CHAPTER ONE:
PROJECT BACKGROUND
Introduction:
We are very happy to get great opportunity information such like early time
we take a source system in riiga buran the distance between the point of reservoir and buran
town is 1km, Second we make more data gathering about the population and different situation of
this environment and the other resources that related to this project so we get number of households
and number of people that need to get enough water to provide with their daily life so we take the
average of each family is 7 people and we calculated the demand of per person is 105l/s.
We designed our system the
➢ Average daily demand.
➢ Maximum daily demand.
➢ Peak hour demand.
➢ Public use water demand.
➢ Firefighting demand. The time that we designed to provide
The time that we designed to provide in this system is after 30 years now. 2023---2053

Background of this project

The water of this erea are many years ago are losting and population does not have enough water
of their day life .the water supply situation was poor where women and children travel long
distance to water source in dry season to collect water for domestic and livestock .
Surface water resources are generally scarce because of their dependency on seasonal climatic
variation traditional surface water storage facilities either filled or empty.

4
 Chapter two
Existing water system
The existing water weak early warning system in this region have also amplified the government

incapability in disaster risk reduction at the gross roots level which turn contributed to repeated

loss of lives and shocks to livelihood.

When we analyse that problem which exist we plan flexisble way which every-body get available

consumption of water.in this plan makes burans people to get water easily without facing any

problem, our new design of water supply that provide needed of population the goal of the plan is

to prevent and minimize water waste and to promote wise water use and to get enough water

population will use

5
 Chapter 3
Water demand and population
Every individual needs water for survival. In the water supply scheme, we consider different
usages of water like domestic use, industrial use, commercial use, water for losses and thefts, etc.
Water demand is defined as the volume of water requested by the public for all the above activities.
And the rise in population leads to a demand for more water
When we designed the water supply scheme for this area it will be necessary to provide the total
quantity of water required for various purposes of this area so we have to prove water demand and
then get the water sources where the demand can match
Design period
Design period is defined as the future period for which a provision is made while planning and
designing the water supply programs. Usually, 15 to 20 years is adopted as design period.
When we designed this project we designing in the future number of years abaut 30 years period
desing
Population forecasting
We used population forecasting techniques to predict the population growth in our town/city.
Based on these techniques, we expect the population to increase from the current 10,232to
40,397in the next 30 years.
Before two decade(2003) 4173

Before one decade(2013) 7485

Present population(2023) 10232

✓ Increase in Present And first decade=10232-7485=2747

✓ percentage increase in Po and 1st=2747/7485=36.7%

✓ Increase in first decade and second decade=7485-4173=3312

✓ Percentage in crease in 1st and 2nd =3312/4173=79.4%

✓ Average increase =(36.7+79.4)/2=58.05%

✓ After one decade =P2033=10232(1+0.5805) ^1=16,172

✓ After two decade=P2043=10232(1+0.5805) ^2=25,559

✓ After three decade= P2053=10232(1+0.5805) ^3=40,397

6
 A. 3.2 Water Demand:
The water demand for our town is estimated to be gallons per day (m3pd), based on an average

daily use of 5175.75 m3pd However, this demand is expected to increase to 41546.22 m3pd

in the next 30 years due to population growth and economic development.

✓
Domestic Water Demand=P*Pd= 40397*105 lpd=4,241,695=4241.7 m3pd

✓
Public use=5%*domestic=0.05*4241.7=212.085 m3pd

✓ Avearge Dailay Demand=4241.7+212.1=4453.8 m3pd

7
8
Methods which forecasting population is:

1. Arithmetical Increase Method

2. Geometrical Increase Method

3. Incremental Increase Method

4. Decrease Rate Of Growth Method

5 Comparative Graph Method

6. The Master Plan Method

7. Simple Graph Method

Geometric Progression Method

The method is used for the condition dP/dt = Kg. P. Where, Kg is called as the geometric
constant, P is the population.

Present population (Po) = House hold number *Average family size

Population of loops

Loop 1 = 4*7=28 person

Loop 2 = 6 x 7 = 42person

Loop 3 = 2 x 7 = 14persons

Loop 4 = 7x 7 = 49 persons Loop

Loop 5 = 3 x 7 = 21 person

Loop 6 = 8x 7 = 56 persons

Loop 7 = 5 x 7 = 35 person

Loop 8=3*7=21person

9
 Water demand calculation

Domestic water demand

Domestic minimum water demand in that area will include this Water demand Consumption
Drinking 5 Litters Cooking 5 Litters Bathing 30 Litters Clothes washing 20 Litters House
washing 15 Litters Loses and wastage 20 Litters Utensils wasting 10 Litters Total of water
consumption = 105 Litter/ capital / day
Domestic minimum water demand in that area will include this
Water demand Consumption
Drinking 5 Litter
Cooking 5 Litters
Bathing 30 Litters
Clothes washing 20 Litters
House washing 15 Litters
Loses and wastage 20 Litters
Utensils wasting 10 Litters
Total of water consumption = 105 Litter/ capital / day

Demand for Public Uses

Quantity of water usage in public areas includes Watering in a public park, gardening,
washing, sprinkling on roads, schools and hospitals use in a public.
So to reach water demand for public use in buran Area. We are assumed a percentage is 5%
total flow of domestic demand computations

B. Water required to compensate for losses in waste and thefts

This includes water loss in leakage due to bad plumbing or damaged meters, stolen water,
and other losses and wastes. It is taken as 15% of the total consumption.

DISCHARGE

Discharge = Pop*per capital day

Dis = 863*105 = 90615L/Day =90615/24*60*60= 1.048L/S

10
Max day = 1.048L/S*1.8 = 1.8864

Q peak = 2.7*1.048 = 2.83

Q total = 2.83+15% (losses) +10% (fire) = 3.079

Dis of junction = Q max/ Number of junction = 3.079/

Chapter 4

Selection of water source

Water is essential for life, but fo many people, the quantity of water available may be minimal,
and the water may be of poor quality. This note outlines some of the issues which need to be
considered when planning improvements to supplies, to ensure that the most appropriate sources
of water are selected. The three types of water source considered in this guide are rainwater,
surface water and groundwater.

The three types of water source considered in this guide are

1 rainwater

2 surface water and

3 groundwater

11
Rain water

Collecting rainwater from either an existing roof structure or a ground catchment area can
provide a useful supplementary source of water even if it is not used as the main supply. Storage
tanks are usually required to make the best use of rainwater.

Surface water

When rain falls to the ground it becomes surface water, where it may move across the ground in
the form of streams or rivers, or remain in one place in the form of ponds or lakes.. Surface water
Surface water is easily polluted and can be affected by wide seasonal variations in turbidity
(‘muddiness’) and flow. Variations in turbidity present a challenge for the effective operation of
treatment processes, while variations in flow affect the location and design of abstraction
structures. Surface water, however, is often the easiest to access.

12
Groundwater

Some surface water sinks into the ground and becomes groundwater. Here it can remain for long
periods in aquifers – spaces underground which can hold water because the surrounding earth
and rock is impervious (does not let water through). Groundwater may be obtained in several
ways:

Water from mountain springs: can often be transmitted to areas of demand by gravity,
limiting the operation and maintenance requirements of a supply system. Water from a mountain
spring

Shallow wells

Can also provide a supply system with minimal operation and maintenance requirements –
particularly if they are well-constructed, protected, and fitted with a hand pump. For larger
supplies, diesel or petrol pumps may be used in place of hand pumps. Shallow wells can often be
constructed using local techniques and labuor.

Shallow or deep boreholes

Usually require drilling equipment and an experienced drilling team but they can provide high-
yield supplies of good quality water. Groundwater, however, may be affected by high levels of
chemicals, such as fluoride or chloride.

Locating groundwater can be difficult.

13
The presence of existing wells with good, stable yields, other positive hydrological features, or
information from satellite images can highlight groundwater potential but following this,
extensive field-trials are usually required to determine acceptable borehole locations.

Our source

We take a source system in riiga buran and the distance between the point of reservoir and
buran town is 1km.This point is suitable a water

CHAPTER FIVE
STORAGE AND WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
A water distribution systems is one in which the drinking water is transported from the centralised
treatment plant or well supplies to the service connection or consumers´ taps. These systems aim
to preserve the quality and quantity of water, as well as maintain sufficient pressures in the
distribution of water.
A water distribution system consists of
o Pipe lines
o Storage facilities
o Pumps
o Fire hydrants
o Appurtenance

Distribution system are categorized in three

A. grid system
B. branching system
C. combination of both of them

14
Layout of distribution system
❖ primary
❖ secondary or sub mains
❖ small distribution system or branches
Four types of pipe network layout
❖ dead end system

❖ Gridiron system

❖ Ring system

15
 ❖ Radial system

Pressure Head Water

Pressure head is the height of a liquid column that corresponds to a particular pressure exerted
by the liquid column on the base of its container.
Hydraulic head or piezo-metric head is a specific measurement of liquid pressure above a
vertical datum

Basic system requirements

➢ Pressure;

• Pressure should be great enough to adequately meet consumer and fire-fighting needs
• Pressure should not be excessive

❖ Cos consideration

❖ Leakage and maintenance increase

16
Hydraulic Design
There are two rates of flow on maximum

1. Maximum hourly rate

2. 2.Maximum day demand plus fire-fighting demand

Capacity
Distribution system has series of pipes of different diameters in order to simplify the analysis is
used • Skeletonizing is the replacement of series of pipes of varying diameters with one
equivalent pipe or replacing a system of pipes with one equivalent pipe
Distribution Reservoir
Reservoir
Reservoirs are natural or artificial lakes made for storing and supplying water for an area created
via means of dams.these play an important role in suppressing floods however additionally offer
water for many useful purposes which include irrigation, human consumption, commercial use,
aquaculture, and navigability.
Types of Reservoirs:
1. Valley dammed or storage reservoir:
These reservoirs are formed in valleys of the mountains. Before building Valley-dammed
reservoirs, the water glide or river needs to be diverted. The dam creation manner includes
laying the rules for the dam, after which the concrete cladding is laid and the development of
the dam can proceed.
The creation of the dam normally takes many years, valley ponds and a huge water supply may
be used to serve the reason of irrigation, hydropower generation, and home, and commercial
water supply.
2. Flood Control Reservoir:
Also referred to as a flood mitigation reservoir, is constructed to keep the floodwater from a
high-go with the drift water move to lessen flooding in included regions or populated region
The complete flow coming into the water garage is discharged till the outflow reaches the
secure potential of the decreased channel. The extra influx is saved withinside the reservoir,
and the saved water is progressively resealed to create a garage potential for the subsequent
flood.
3. Distribution Reservoir:
The principal reason for this sort of reservoir is to serve or deliver water to clients consistent
with converting needs or necessities of the neighborhood population.
The major gain of this type of reservoir is it can store water during the non-demand period and
supply water during the demand period. Distribution reservoirs are mainly dependent upon the
population’s demand for water at a given period.

17
Storage facilities are used for a variety of purposes, such as:

• Off-site storage for businesses, such as inventory, equipment, and seasonal products.

• Long-term storage for people who are moving, downsizing, or their home.

• Short-term storage for people who are between homes, traveling, or need extra space
for a special event or project.

• Archival storage for important documents, records, and historical artifacts.

• Painting or Renovation of the home.

Functions of reservoir

1. They help the pump to run at a uniform rate.

2. They provide the facility of storage of water to meet the fluctuating demand for water.

3. They maintain constant pressure in the distribution mains.

4. They serve as storage for emergencies.

5. They make the design and construction of treatment units and distribution system economical.

CHAPTER SIX

WATER GEMS RESULTS

18
19
20
BURAN PICTURES

21