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    The Skeletal System

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    elmos3ad

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The Skeletal System

    Uploaded by

    elmos3ad
    4 views8 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    4 views8 pages

    The Skeletal System

    Uploaded by

    elmos3ad

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    Biology

    The skeletal system

    Prepped By:

    Dr / Yousef Aly
    The skeletal system

    Aim of support in man:


    1-Support the body ( strength)
    2-Protect some organs
    3-Help in movement
    4-Provide the shape and structure for man.

    Skeletal system consists of :

    1-Bony skeleton 2-Other components


    (Not bonny)

    1)Bony skeleton:
    we have 206 bones each bone has a shape and size
    suitable to its function, it Consists of:

    a) Axial skeleton b)Appendicular.

    a) Axial skeleton

    In the middle of the body:


    1-Skull.
    2-Vertebral column.
    3-Rib cage.

    Page-1 Dr / Yousef Aly


    1-Skull ( cranium ):
    -Bony case which consists of :
    A)Anterior part ( in the front) Facial part:
    -It includes : Face bones, two jaws and the position of sense organs
    ( eyes, ears, nose).

    B)Posterior part (Cerebral part):


    ♦ Consists of 8 serrated bones attached firmly at their ends by immovable joints
    to form a cavity to protect the brain.
    ♦ At the end of the cerebral part there is a large cavity called foramen magnum
    through which the spinal cord is attached to the brain.

    ♦ Inferior position showing the foramen magnum.

    2- Vertebral column The axon of human skeleton

    Attachments:

    1-At its upper end :


    Attached to the skull.
    2-At the thoracic region:
    Attached to the thoracic cage and upper limbs
    by shoulder bones ( pectoral girdle)..

    3-At its lower part:


    Connected to the lower limbs through
    pelvic girdle.

    Page-2 Dr / Yousef Aly


    -Vertebral column consists of 33 vertebra divided into 5 groups:

    Name of Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coccygeal


    vertebra
    Number 7 and 12 and 5 and 5 fused 4 fused
    ar�culate ar�culate ar�culate
    Size Moderate Larger than The largest Broad and Small and
    cervical flat fused
    Neck Thoracic Abdominal Pelvic The end of
    Site region region region the
    vertebral
    column.

    -Function of the vertebral column :


    1- Act as the main support of bones
    2-Protect spinal cord
    3-help in movement

    Structure of lumbar vertebrae:


    1- Centrum: the body of the vertebra thick part in the anterior part.
    2- Two transverse process
    3- Neural arch ( ring) ( canal)
    4- Neural spine.

    Page-3 Dr / Yousef Aly


    3- Thoracic cage:

    It consists of:
    -12 pairs of ribs
    -Sternum
    -12 thoracic vertebrae

    N.B:
    1- Ribs are connected anteriorly to the sternum and posteriorly to
    the 12 thoracic vertebrae.
    2-Only 10 pairs if the ribs are connected anteriorly to the sternum,
    the other two pairs are called floating ribs
    -Sternum:
    A flat bone that is pointed and at the lower end there is a cartilage part,
    10 pairs of the ribs are attached to it.

    -Ribs:
    They are 24 ribs, 12 left and 12 right, all of them are connected to the
    12 thoracic vertebrae.
    -They are curved bones that inclines downwards.

    -Function of the thoracic cage:


    1-Protect heart and lungs
    2-Movement of ribs during respiration
    3-increasing the size of the thoracic cage during inhalation, helps to
    force the air inside.

    1-Upper limbs and pectoral girdle:

    a)Pectoral girdle:

    Shoulder bones:

    Consists of two identical halves, left and right.


    Each haIf consists of Scapula and Clavicle

    Page-4 Dr / Yousef Aly


    Scapula:

    ♦ A triangular bone found on the, posterior (DORSAL) part of the pectoral


    girdle, with broad inner end and pointed outer end.

    ♦ It has protrusion to which the clavicle is connected, there is a cavity


    called glenoid cavity inside which the humerus bone fits.

    The clavicle:

    ♦ is an anterior thin bone which is connected to the protrusion in the scapula

    2-Two upper limbs:

    ♦ Humerus: Top part of arm above the elbow

    ♦ Radius and Ulna: the two bones of the lower


    arm below elbow and above wrist

    ♦ carpals: make up the bones of wrist

    ♦ Metacarpals and phalanges: bones of hands


    and fingers

    Notes

    ♦ The radius is on the thumb side of the forearm.


    ♦ The ulna is on the small finger side.
    ♦ The radius is smaIler than the ulna.

    Page-5 Dr / Yousef Aly


    Page-6 Dr / Yousef Aly

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