Title: Conic Section

Chapter: Conic Section

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3. Elementary Concepts of Ellipse

3.1 Definition of Ellipse

It is locus of a point which moves in such a way that the ratio of its distance from a fixed point called focus
and a fixed line called directrix (not passes through fixed point and all points and line lies in same plane)
is constant (e = eccentricity), which is less than one.

Example # 5 : Find the equation to the ellipse whose focus is the point (– 1, 1), whose directrix is the straight
1
line x – y + 3 = 0 and eccentricity is .
2
Solution : Let P  (h, k) be moving point,

2
PS 1 1 hk 3
e= =  (h + 1)2 + (k – 1)2 =  
PM 2 4  2 
 locus of P(h, k) is
8 {x2 + y2 + 2x – 2y + 2} = (x2 + y2 – 2xy + 6x – 6y + 9)
7x2 + 7y2 + 2xy + 10x – 10 y + 7 = 0.
Self Practice Problems :
1
(7) Find the equation to the ellipse whose focus is (0, 0) directrix is x + y – 1 = 0 and e = .
2
Ans. 3x2 + 3y2 – 2xy + 2x + 2y – 1 = 0.

3.2 Standard Equation of Ellipse

Standard equation of an ellipse referred

to its principal axes along the coordinate

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 x2 y2
axes is 2
 = 1, where a > b & b² = a² (1  e²).
a b2
b2
Eccentricity: e = 1  , (0 < e < 1)
a2
Focii : S  (a e, 0) & S ( a e, 0).
a a
Equations of Directrices: x = & x =  .
e e
Major Axis: The line segment AA in which the focii S & S lie is of length 2a & is called the major axis (a > b) of
the ellipse. Point of intersection of major axis with directrix is called the foot of the directrix (Z).
Minor Axis: The yaxis intersects the ellipse in the points B  (0,  b) & B  (0, b). The line segment BB is of
length 2b (b < a) is called the minor axis of the ellipse.
Principal Axis : The major & minor axes together are called principal axis of the ellipse.
Vertices: Point of intersection of ellipse with major axis. A ( a, 0) & A  (a, 0) .
Focal Chord: A chord which passes through a focus is called a focal chord.
Double Ordinate: A chord perpendicular to the major axis is called a double ordinate.
Latus Rectum: The focal chord perpendicular to the major axis is called the latus rectum.
2b2  minor axis  2
Length of latus rectum (LL) =
a

major axis
 2a 1  e2  
= 2 e (distance from focus to the corresponding directrix)
Centre: The point which bisects every chord of the conic drawn through it, is called the centre of the conic. C 
y2
(0, 0) the origin is the centre of the ellipse x2  2 = 1.
2

a b
y2
If the equation of the ellipse is given as x2  2 = 1 and nothing is mentioned, then the rule is
2
Note : (i)
a b
to assume that a > b.
(ii) If b > a is given, then the yaxis will become major axis and x-axis will become the minor axis
and all other points and lines will change accordingly.

x2 y2
Equation : 2
+ =1
a b2
b
Foci (0, be) Directrices : y= 
e
a2
a2 = b2 (1 – e2), a < b.  e= 1–
b2
Vertices (0, b) ; L.R. y = be
2a2
  (L·R.) = , centre : (0, 0)
b

Example # 6: Find the equation to the ellipse whose centre is origin, axes are the axes of co-ordinate and
passes through the points (2, 2) and (3, 1).
x 2 y2
Solution: Let the equation to the ellipse is 2 + 2 = 1
a b
Since it passes through the points (2, 2) and (3, 1)
4 4 9 1
 2 + 2 = 1 .......... (i) and 2
+ 2 =1 .........(ii)
a b a b

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 from (i) – 4 (ii), we get
4  36 32
2
= 1– 4  a2 =
a 3
from (i), we get
1 1 3 83 32
= – =  b2 =
b2 4 32 32 5
Ellipse is 3x2 + 5y2 = 32

1
Example # 7 : Find the equation of the ellipse whose focii are (4, 0) and (– 4, 0) and eccentricity is
3
Solution: Since both focus lies on x-axis, therefore x-axis is major axis and mid point of focii is origin
which is centre and a line perpendicular to major axis and passes through centre is minor axis
which is y-axis.
x 2 y2
Let equation of ellipse is + =1
a2 b2
1
 ae = 4 and e = (Given)
3
 a = 12 and and b2 = a2 (1 – e2)
 1
 b2 = 144  1    b2 = 16 × 8  b=8 2
 9
x2 y2
Equation of ellipse is + =1
144 128
Example # 8 : In the given figure find the eccentricity of the ellipse if SS’ subtends right angle at B.
B

A S O S A

Solution: here b = ae --- (i)

in ellipse b2 = a2 – a2 e2 ----- (ii)
from (i) & (ii) a2e2 = a2–a2 e2
1
2e2 = 1 e =
2
Example # 9 : From a point Q on the circle x2 + y2 = a2, perpendicular QM are drawn to x-axis, find the locus
of point 'P' dividing QM in ratio 2 : 1.
Solution :

Let Q  (a cos, a sin)

M  (a cos, 0)
Let P  (h, k)
a sin 
 h = a cos, k =
3
2 2
 3k  h x2 y2
   a  +a =1  Locus of P is + =1
    a 2
(a / 3)2

Example # 10 : Find the equation of axes, directrix, co-ordinate of focii, centre, vertices, length of
latus - rectum and eccentricity of an ellipse 16x2 + 25y2 – 96x – 100 y + 156 = 0.
(x  3)2 (y  2)2
Solution : The given ellipse is + = 1.
25 16

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 X2 Y2
Let x – 3 = X, y – 2 = Y, so equation of ellipse becomes as 2
+ = 1.
5 42
equation of major axis is Y = 0  y = 2.
equation of minor axis is X = 0  x = 3.
centre (X = 0, Y = 0)    x = 3, y = 2
C  (3, 2)
Length of semi-major axis a = 5
Length of major axis 2a = 10
Length of semi-minor axis b = 4
Length of minor axis = 2b = 8.
Let 'e' be eccentricity
  b2 = a2 (1 – e2)
a 2  b2 25  16 3
e= = = .
a2 25 5
2b2 2  16 32
Length of latus rectum = LL = = =
a 5 5
Co-ordinates focii are X = ± ae, Y = 0
  S  (X = 3, Y = 0) & S (X = –3, Y = 0)
  S  (6, 2) & S (0, 2)
Co-ordinate of vertices

Extremities of major axis A  (X = a, Y = 0) & A (X = – a, Y = 0)

 A  (x = 8, y = 2) & A = (x = – 2, 2)
A  (8, 2) & A (– 2, 2)
Extremities of minor axis B (X = 0, Y = b) & B  (X = 0, Y = – b)
B (x = 3, y = 6) & B (x = 3, y = – 2)
B  (3, 6) & B (3, – 2)
a 25 34 16
Equation of directrix X = ± x–3=±  x= & x=–
e 3 3 3
Self Practice Problems:
(8) Find the equation to the ellipse whose axes are of lengths 6 and 2 and their equations are
x – 3y + 3 = 0 and 3x + y – 1 = 0 respectively.
(9) Find the co-ordinates of the focii of the ellipse 4x2 + 9y2 = 1.
(10) A point moves so that the sum of the squares of its distances from two intersecting lines is
constant (given that the lines are neither perpendicular nor they make complimentry angle).
Prove that its locus is an ellipse.
Hint. : Assume the lines to be y = mx and y = – mx.
Ans. (8) 3(x – 3y + 3)2 + 2(3x+ y – 1)2 = 180, 21x2 – 6xy + 29y2 + 6x – 58y – 151 = 0.
 5 
(9)   , 0

 6 

3.3 Auxiliary Circle / Eccentric Angle of Ellipse

A circle described on major axis of ellipse as diameter is called the auxiliary circle.
Let Q be a point on the auxiliary circle x² + y² = a² such that line through Q perpendicular to the x  axis
on the way intersects the ellipse at P, then P & Q are called as the Corresponding Points on the ellipse
& the auxiliary circle respectively. ‘’ is called the Eccentric Angle of the point P on the ellipse ( <
). Q  (a cos , a sin)

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 P  (a cos , b sin)
Note that :
(PN) b Semi minor axis
 
(QN) a Semi major axis
NOTE : If from each point of a circle perpendiculars are drawn upon a fixed diameter then the locus of
the points dividing these perpendiculars in a given ratio is an ellipse of which the given circle is the
auxiliary circle.
x2 y2
Example # 11 : Find the focal distance of a point P() on the ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 (a > b)
a b
Solution : Let 'e' be the eccentricity of ellipse.

a 
 PS = e . PM = e   a cos  
e 
PS = (a – a e cos)
 a
and PS = e. PM = e  acos   
 e
PS = a + ae cos 
   focal distance are (a ± ae cos)
Note : PS + PS = 2a
PS + PS = AA
x2 y2
Example # 12 : Find the distance from centre of the point P on the ellipse 2
+ = 1 whose radius makes
a b2
angle  with y – axis in clockwise direction.
Solution : Let P  (a cos, b sin)
b a
 m(op) = tan = tan(/2 – tan = tan (/2 – 
a b
a2  b2 tan2 
  OP = a2 cos2   b2 sin2  =
sec 2 
a2
2 2 2 a2  b 2  tan2 ( /2   )
a  b tan  b2 ab
= =  OP= 
1  tan2  a2 a cos   b 2 sin2 
2 2
1  2 tan ( /2   )
2

b
Self Practice Problems :
x2 y2
(11) Find the distance from centre of the point P on the ellipse + = 1 whose eccentric
a2 b2
angle is 
x2 y2
(12) Find the eccentric angle of a point on the ellipse + = 1whose distance from the
16 9

centre is 3.

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 (13) Show that the area of triangle inscribed in an ellipse bears a constant ratio to the area of the
triangle formed by joining points on the auxiliary circle corresponding to the vertices of the first
triangle.

Ans. (11) r  a2 cos2   b2 sin2  (12) ±
2
3.4 Parametric Representation of Ellipse
y2
The equations x = a cos  & y = b sin  together represent the ellipse x2  2 = 1.
2

a b
Where  is a parameter. Note that if P()  (a cos  b sin ) is on the ellipse then;
Q()  (a cos  a sin ) is on the auxiliary circle.
The equation to the chord of the ellipse joining two points with eccentric angles  &  is given by
x  y  
cos  sin  cos
a 2 b 2 2
x2 y2   5 
Example # 13 : Write the equation of chord of an ellipse + =1 joining two points P   and Q   .
25 16 4  4 
  5  y   5    5 
4 4  4 4    
Solution :
x
Equation of chord is cos   + 4 . sin   = cos  4 4 
5 2 2 2
x  3  y  3  x y
5
. cos   + 4 . sin  4  = 0 – 5 + 4 = 0  4x = 5y
 4   
Example # 14 : If P() and P() are extremities of a chord of ellipse which passes through the mid-point of the
line segment joining focus & centre then prove that its eccentricity
  
cos  
e = 2.  2 
 
cos  
 2 
x2 y2
Solution : Let the equation of ellipse is + =1
a2 b2
x  y   
 equation of chord is cos   + sin   = cos  
a  2  b  2   2 
above chord passes through (ae/2, 0) or (– ae/2, 0)
 
cos  
     2  Ans.
 ± e cos   = 2cos   e = 2
 2   2    
cos  
 2 
Self Practice Problems :

x2 y2
(14) Find the locus of the foot of the perpendicular from the centre of the ellipse + = 1 on the
a2 b2

chord joining two points whose eccentric angles differ by .
2
Ans. (14) 2(x2 + y2)2 = a2 x2 + b2 y2.

3.5 Position of a Point w.r.t. an Ellipse :

The point P(x1, y1) lies outside, inside or on the ellipse according as S1 > 0, S1 < 0 or S1 = 0 where S1 =
x12 y12
  1.
a2 b2
x 2 y2
Example # 15 : Check whether the point P(1, –1) lies inside or outside of the ellipse + = 1.
25 16
1 1
Solution : S1  + –1<0
25 16

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  Point P  (1, –1) lies inside the ellipse.
x 2 y2
Example # 16 : Find the set of value(s) of '' for which the point P(2, – 3) lies inside the ellipse + = 1.
16 9
Solution : If P(2, – 3) lies inside the ellipse
 S1 < 0
2 2 2 2  2 2 
  + –1<0  – <<     , .
4 1 5 5  5 5

4. Elementary Concepts of Hyperbola

Hyperbolic curves are of special importance in the field of science and technology especially astronomy
and space studies. In this chapter we are going to study the characteristics of such curves.

4.1 Definition of Hyperbola

A hyperbola is defined as the locus of a point moving in a plane in such a way that the ratio of its distance
from a fixed point to that from a fixed line (the point does not lie on the line) is a fixed constant greater
than 1.
PS
=e>1, e – eccentricity
PM
4.2 Standard equation of Hyperbola

x2 y2
Standard equation of hyperbola is   1, where b2 = a2 (e2  1).
a2 b2
b2
• Eccentricity (e) : e2 = 1 +
a2
• Foci : S  (ae, 0) & S  ( ae, 0).
a a
• Equations of directrices : x= & x= .
e e
• Transverse axis :
The line segment AA of length 2a in which the foci S & S both lie is called the transverse axis of the
hyperbola.
• Conjugate axis :
The line segment BB of length 2b between the two points B (0,  b) & B (0, b) is called as the
conjugate axis of the hyperbola.
• Principal axes :
The transverse & conjugate axis together are called principal axes of the hyperbola.
• Vertices :
A (a, 0) & A ( a, 0)
• Focal chord :
A chord which passes through a focus is called a focal chord.
• Double ordinate :
A chord perpendicular to the transverse axis is called a double ordinate.

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 • Latus rectum :
Focal chord perpendicular to the transverse axis is called latus rectum. Its length () is given by =
2b2  C.A.
2
 = 2a (e2  1).
a T.A.
Note : (i) Length of latus rectum = 2 e × (distance of focus from corresponding directrix)
 b2   b2   b2   b2 
(ii) End points of latus rectum are L   ae,
  , L   ae,   , M   ae,  , M   ae,  
 a   a   a   a 
• Centre:
The point which bisects every chord of the conic, drawn through it, is called the centre of the conic. C 
x2 y2
(0,0) the origin is the centre of the hyperbola 2  2  1 .
a b
General note :
Since the fundamental equation to hyperbola only differs from that to ellipse in having 
b2 instead of b2 it will be found that many propositions for hyperbola are derived from those for ellipse
by simply changing the sign of b2.

Example #17: Find the equation of the hyperbola whose directrix is x + 2y = 1, focus (2,1) and eccentricity 3
.
Solution: Let P(x,y) be any point on the hyperbola.
Draw PM perpendicular from P on the directrix.
Then by definition SP = e PM
  (SP)2 = e2 (PM)2
2
 x  2y  1
  (x – 2)2 + (y – 1)2 = 3    2x2 – 7y2 – 12xy – 14x + 2y + 22 = 0
 4 1 
Which is the required hyperbola.
Example # 18: Find the eccentricity of the hyperbola whose latus rectum is half of its transverse axis.
x2 y2
Solution: Let the equation of hyperbola be 2 – 2 = 1.
a b
2b2 2b2 1
Then transverse axis = 2a and latus–rectum = . According to question = (2a)
a a 2
  2b2 = a2 ( b2 = a2 (e2 – 1))
3
  2a2 (e2 – 1) = a2  2e2 – 2 = 1  e2 = 
2
3 3
   e= Hence the required eccentricity is .
2 2

4.3 Conjugate hyperbola :

Two hyperbolas such that transverse & conjugate axes of one hyperbola are respectively the conjugate
& the transverse axes of the other are called conjugate hyperbolas of each other.
x2 y2 x2 y2
eg. 2
 2
1 &  2
  1 are conjugate hyperbolas of each other.
a b a b2

y2 x2
Equation : 2
– =1
b a2
a2
a2 = b2 (e2 – 1)  e= 1
b2

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 2a2
Vertices(0,  b) ;  (L.R.) =
b

Note : (a) If e1 & e2 are the eccentricities of the hyperbola & its conjugate then e 12 + e22 = 1.

(b) The foci of a hyperbola and its conjugate are concyclic and form the vertices of a
square.
(c) Two hyperbolas are said to be similar if they have the same eccentricity.
(d) Two similar hyperbolas are said to be equal if they have same latus rectum.
(e) If a hyperbola is equilateral then the conjugate hyperbola is also equilateral.
Example # 19 : Find the lengths of transverse axis and conjugate axis, eccentricity, the co-ordinates of foci,
vertices, length of the latus-rectum and equations of the directrices of the following hyperbola
16x2 – 9y2 = – 144.
x2 y 2
Solution : The equation 16x2 – 9y2 = –144 can be written as – =–1
9 16
x2 y2
This is of the form – =–1
a2 b2
  a2 = 9, b2 = 16  a = 3, b = 4
Length of transverse axis : The length of transverse axis = 2b = 8
Length of conjugate axis : The length of conjugate axis = 2a = 6
 a2   9  5
Eccentricity : e =  1  2  =  1   =4
 b   16 
Foci : The co-ordinates of the foci are (0, + be) i.e., (0, + 5)
Vertices : The co–ordinates of the vertices are (0, + b) i.e., (0, + 4)
2a2 2(3)2 9
Length of latus–rectum : The length of latus–rectum = = =
b 4 2
Equation of directrices : The equation of directrices are
b 4 16
y=+ y = +  y=+
e (5 / 4) 5
Self Practice Problems :
(15) Find the equation of the hyperbola whose foci are (6, 4) and (– 4, 4) and eccentricity is 2.
(16) Obtain the equation of a hyperbola with coordinates axes as principal axes given that the
distances of one of its vertices from the foci are 9 and 1 units.
x 2 y2
(17) The foci of a hyperbola coincide with the foci of the ellipse + = 1. Find the equation of
25 9
the hyperbola if its eccentricity is 2.
x 2 y2 y2 x 2
Ans. (15) 12x2 – 4y2 – 24x + 32y – 127 = 0 (16) – = 1, – =1
16 9 16 9
(17) 3x2 – y2 – 12 = 0.
4.4 Auxiliary Circle of Hyperbola
A circle drawn with centre C and transverse axis as a diameter is called the auxiliary circle of the
hyperbola. Equation of the auxiliary circle is x2 + y2 = a2.
Note from the following figure that P & Q are called the "corresponding points" of the hyperbola & the
auxiliary circle.

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4.5 Parametric representation of Hyperbola
x2 y2
The equations x = a sec & y = b tan  together represent the hyperbola   1 where is a
a2 b2
parameter.
Note that if P()  (a sec  b tan ) is on the hyperbola then,
Q()  (a cos  a sin ) is on the auxiliary circle.
The equation to the chord of the hyperbola joining the two points P( & Q( is given by
x  y  
. cos  sin  cos
a 2 b 2 2
4.6 Position of a point 'P' w.r.t. a hyperbola :
2 2
x1 y1
The quantity S1  2
 2
 1 is positive, zero or negative according as the point (x1, y1) lies inside, on
a b
or outside the curve.

Example # 20 : Find the position of the point (5, – 4) relative to the hyperbola 9x2 – y2 = 1.
Solution : Since 9 (5)2 – (–4)2 – 1 = 225 – 16 – 1 = 208 > 0,
So the point (5,–4) lies inside the hyperbola 9x2 – y2 = 1..
5. Rectangular hyperbola (equilateral hyperbola) :
The particular kind of hyperbola in which the lengths of the transverse & conjugate axis are equal is called
an Equilateral Hyperbola. Note that the eccentricity of the rectangular hyperbola is.
Since a = b
equation becomes x2 – y2 = a2
whose asymptotes are y =  x.
b2
e= 1 = 1 1 = 2
a2

Rotation of this system through an angle of 45° in clockwise direction gives another form to the equation
of rectangular hyperbola.
a2
which is xy = c2 where c2 = .
2
It is referred to its asymptotes as axes of coordinates.
Vertices : (c, c) & ( c,  c);
Foci :   
2 c, 2 c &  2 c, 2 c , 
Directrices : x + y =  2c
Latus Rectum (l ) :  = 2 2 c = T.A. = C.A.
Parametric equation x = ct, y = c/t, t  R – {0}

Example # 21 : A triangle has its vertices on a rectangular hyperbola. Prove that the orthocentre of the triangle
also lies on the same hyperbola.
Solution : Let "t1", "t2" and "t3" are the vertices of the triangle ABC, described on the rectangular hyperbola
xy = c2.

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  c  c  c 
 Co–ordinates of A,B and C are  ct1,  ,  ct 2 ,  and  ct3 ,  respectively
 t1  t 2   t 3 

c(t3  t 2 ) 1
Now slope of BC is =–
c (t 2  t 3 )t 2 t 3 t2 t3
 Slope of AD is t2t3
c
Equation of Altitude AD is y – = t2t3(x – ct1)
t1
or t1y – c = x t1t2t3 – ct12t2t3 .....(1)
Similarly equation of altitude BE is
t2y – c = x t1t2t3 – ct1t22t3 ......(2)
Solving (1) and (2),
 c 
we get the orthocentre   , ct1t 2 t 3  Which lies on xy = c2.
 t1t 2 t3 

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 EXERCISE – I
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. Find the eccentricity of an ellipse of which distance between the focii is 10 and that of focus and
corresponding directrix is 15.

2. If focus and corresponding directrix of an ellipse are (3, 4) and x + y – 1 = 0 respectively and eccentricity
1
is then find the co-ordinates of extremities of major axis.
2

 5  x2 y2
3 Find the set of those value(s) of '' for which the point  7  ,   lies inside the ellipse + =1.
 4  25 16

(x  3)2 (y  2)2
4. Write the parametric equation of ellipse + = 1.
25 16

5. Find the set of possible value of  for which point P(, 3) lies on the smaller region of the ellipse
9x2 + 16y2 = 144 divided by the line 3x + 4y = 12.

6. Find the equation of the ellipse having its centre at the point (2, –3), one focus at (3, –3) and one vertex
at (4, –3).

7. Find the equation of the ellipse whose foci are (2, 3), (–2, 3) and whose semi-minor axis is 5 .

8. Find
(i) The centre, eccentricity, foci and directrices of the hyperbola 16x2 – 9y2 + 32x + 36y – 164 = 0.
(ii) The equation of the hyperbola whose directrix is 2x + y = 1, focus (1, 2) and eccentricity 3.

9. For the hyperbola x2/100  y2/25 = 1, prove that

(i) eccentricity = 5 /2
(ii) SA . SA = 25, where S & S are the foci & A is the vertex .

x2 y2
10. The foci of a hyperbola coincide with the foci of the ellipse + = 1. Find the equation of the
25 9
hyperbola if its eccentricity is 2.

11. Find
(i) The foci of the hyperbola 9x2 – 16y2 + 18x + 32y – 151 = 0
(ii) Equation of the hyperbola if vertex and focus of hyperbola are (2, 3) and (6, 3) respectively and
eccentricity e of the hyperbola is 2

12. Find the position of the point (2, 5) relative to the hyperbola 9x2 – y2 = 1.

13. Find the equation of auxiliary circle, of conic which passes through (1, 1) & is having foci (4, 5) & (2, 3).

14. Find the eccentricity of the hyperbola with its principal axes along the co-ordinate axes and which passes


through (3, 0) & 3 2 , 2 . 

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 x y x y
15. If m is a variable, then prove that the locus of the point of intersection of the lines – = m and +
3 2 3 2
1
= is a hyperbola.
m

16. Given the base of a triangle and the ratio of the tangent of half the base angles. Show that the vertex
moves on a hyperbola whose foci are the extremities of the base.

17. Show that for rectangular hyperbola xy = c2 , length of transverse axis, length of conjugate axis and length
of latus rectum are equal to 2 2 c

18. Prove that the distance of the point ( 6 cos  , 2 sin ) on the ellipse x2/6 + y2/2 = 1 from the centre of the
ellipse is 2, if = 5/4

19. Find the eccentricity of the ellipse which meets the straight line 2x – 3y = 6 on the x-axis and the straight
line 4x + 5y = 20 on the y-axis and whose axes lie along the coordinates axes.

x2 y 2 x2 y2 1
20. If the foci of the ellipse  2 = 1 & the hyperbola  = coincide then find the value of b2.
25 b 144 81 25

PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

1. The equation of the ellipse whose focus is (1, –1), directrix is the line x – y – 3 = 0 and the eccentricity is
1
, is
2
(A) 7x2 + 2xy + 7y2 – 10x + 10y + 7 = 0 (B) 7x2 + 2xy + 7y2 + 7 = 0
(C) 7x + 2xy + 7y + 10x – 10y – 7 = 0
2 2
(D) 7x2 + 4xy + 7y2 – 10x + 10y + 7 = 0

2. The eccentricity of the ellipse 4x2 + 9y2 + 8x + 36y + 4 = 0 is

5 3 2 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 5 3 3
x2 y2
3. The equation + + 1 = 0 represents an ellipse, if
2r r 5
(A) r > 2 (B) 2< r < 5 (C) r > 5 (D) r  (2, 5) – {3.5}

4. The length of the latus rectum of the ellipse 9x2 + 4y2 = 1, is

3 8 4 8
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 9 9

5. The equation of the ellipse with its centre at (1, 2), focus at (6, 2) and passing through the point (4, 6) is
(x  1)2 (y  2)2 (x  1)2 (y  2)2
(A)  1 (B) + =1
45 20 20 45
(x  1)2 (y  2)2 (x  1)2 (y  2)2
(C)  1 (D)  1
25 16 16 25

6. The position of the point (1, 3) with respect to the ellipse 4x2 + 9y2 – 16x – 54y + 61 = 0
(A) outside the ellispe (B) on the ellipse
(C) on the major axis (D) on the minor axis

7. With respect to the hyperbola (3x – 3y)2 – (2x + 2y)2 = 36

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 (A) (3,2) lies on conjugate axis (B) (3,2) lies on tranverse axis
(C) (3,2) lies inside hyperbola (D) (3,2) lies outside hyperbola

8. Equation of auxilliary circle of the ellipse 2x2 + 6xy + 5y2 = 1 is

73 5
(A) (x – 1)2 + y2 = 7–3 5 (B) x2 + y2 =
2
2 4
(C) x2 + y2 = (D) (x – 1)2 + y2 =
73 5 73 5

9. Statement-1 : Eccentricity of ellipse whose length of latus rectum is same as distance between foci is
2sin18°.
x2 y2 b2
Statement-2 : For 2
 2
= 1, eccentricity e =
` 1
a b a2
(A) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C)STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true
(E) Both STATEMENTS are false

10. The curve represented by x = 3 (cos t + sin t), y = 4 (cos t – sin t), is
(A) ellipse (B) parabola (C) hyperbola (D) circle

11. The eccentricity of the conic represented by x2 – y2 – 4x + 4y + 16 = 0 is

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) 1/2

12. Which of the following pair, may represent the eccentricities of two conjugate hyperbolas, for all 
 (0, /2)?
(A) sin , cos  (B) tan , cot 
(C) sec , cosec  (D) 1 + sin , 1 + cos 

13. For hyperbola represented by 16x2 – 3y2 – 32x + 12y – 44 = 0, which of the following statement is
INCORRECT
(A) the length of whose transverse axis is 4 3 (B) the length of whose conjugate axis is 8
19
(C) whose centre is (1, 2) (D) whose eccentricity is
3

   
14. Statement-1 : If sec   ,  represent eccentricity of a hyperbola then eccentricity of its conjugate
 2 2
hyperbola is given by cosec.
Statement-2 : If e1, e2 are eccentricities of two hyperbolas which are conjugate to each other then e1–2 +
e2–2 = 1
(A) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true
(E) Both STATEMENTS are false

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15. The eccentricity of the hyperbola whose conjugate axis is equal to half the distance between the foci, is:
4 4 2 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3

16. Identify the following statements for true/false (T/F) in order

S1 : A latus rectum of an ellipse is a line passing through a focus
S2 : A latus rectum of an ellipse is a line through the centre
S3 : A latus rectum of an ellipse is a line perpendicular to the major axis
S4 : A latus rectum of an ellipse is a line parallel to the minor axis
(A) TFTF (B) TTFF (C) TFTT (D) FFFF

17. If P ( 2 sec , 2 tan ) is a point on the hyperbola whose distance from the origin is 6 where P is in
the first quadrant then  =
   
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 3 6 15

18. A rectangular hyperbola circumscribe a triangle ABC, then it will always pass through its
(A) orthocenter (B) circum centre (C) centroid (D) incentre

19. If P(x1, y1), Q(x2, y2), R(x3, y3) and S(x4, y4) are four concyclic points on the rectangular hyperbola
xy = c2, the coordinates of orthocentre of the PQR are
(A) (x4, y4) (B) (x4, – y4) (C) (–x4, – x4) (D) (– x4, – y4)

20. The co-ordinates of a focus of the hyperbola 9x2 – 16y2 + 18 x + 32y – 151 = 0 is
(A) (–1, 1) (B) (6, 1) (C) (4, 1) (D) (– 6, –1)

21. The set of values of ‘a’ for which (13x – 1)2 + (13y – 2)2 = a(5x + 12y – 1)2 represents an ellipse is
(A) 1 < a < 2 (B) 0 < a < 1 (C) 2 < a < 3 (D) 3 < a < 4

22. Find the equation of latus rectum of rectangular hyperbola xy = c2

(A) x – y ± 2 2 c = 0 (B) x – y ± 2c=0 (C) x + y ± 2 2 c = 0 (D) x +y ± 2c=0

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 ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE – I

PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

 1
1. e  2  2. ((2, 3) & (6, 7))
 
 12 16 
3  5 , 5  4. (x = 3 + 5cos, y = – 2 + 4sin)
 
4 4
5. << 6. 3x2 + 4y2 – 12x + 24y + 36 = 0
5 17
7. 5x2 + 9y2 – 54y + 36 = 0
5 14 4
8. (i) Centre (–1, 2), e = , foci = (4, 2), (–6, 2), x = – and x =
3 5 5
(ii) 7x2 – 2y2 + 12xy – 2x + 14y – 22 = 0
10. 3x – y – 12 = 0
2 2

11. (i) (4, 1), (–6, 1)

(x  2)2 (y  3)2
(ii)  1
16 48
2
5 5 
(x – 3)2 + (y – 4)2 = 
 2 
12. Inside 13.
 
13 7
14. 19. 20. 16
3 4

PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (D) 4. (C) 5. (A)

6. (C) 7. (D) 8. (B) 9. (C) 10. (A)
11. (B) 12. (C) 13. (A) 14. (D) 15. (C)
16. (C) 17. (A) 18. (A) 19. (D) 20. (C)
21. (B) 22. (C)

SOLUTION
EXERCISE – I

PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

a
1. 2ae = 10  ae  15
e
5 5 1
ae = 5  5  15   20   e =
e2 e2 2

2. Equation of axis : x– y + k = 0,
3–4+k=0
k=1
x–y+1=0
point of intersections of axis and directrix
x– y + 1 = 0
x + y –1 = 0
x = 0, y =1  M  (0, 1)

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 AS 1
Now, =  
AM 2
  For internal division For external division
1 0  2  3 1 0  2  3
  x= 2 x= =6
3 1 2
1 1  2  4 1 1  2  4
y= = 3   y= =7
3 1 2

3 For any point to lies inside the ellipse, S1 < 0

2
 5 
7 – 4  2
 28 – 5   2 – 1 < 0
2
     –1 < 0   (28 – 5)2 + 252 – 400 < 0
25 16 400 16
 502 – 280 – 384 < 0  252 – 140 – 192 < 0  (5 – 12) (5 – 16) < 0
12 16
 < <
5 5

(x  3)2 (y  2)2
4.  1  x = 3 + 5 cos    y = – 2 + 4 sin
25 16

2 16
5. + 2 – 1 < 0  2 < & 3 + 12 – 12 > 0
16 17
4 4
 <<
5 17

6. C  (2, –3), S (3, –3) and A (4, –3)
Now CA = (4  2)2  ( 3  3)2 = 2  a=2

Again CS = (3  2)2  ( 3  3)2 = 1

1
 ae = 1 ;  e=
2
AS 1
Let the directrix cut the major-axis at Q. Then =e=
AQ 2
If Q  (), then SA : AQ = e : 1 = 1 : 2
6 6 6 6
 A   , = (4, –3)  =4; = –3
 3 3  3 3
  = 6,  = –3
Slope of CA = 0, therefore directrix will be parallel to y-axis.
Since directrix is parallel to y-axis and it passes through Q(6, –3)
 equation of the directrix is x = 6
Let P(x, y) be any point on the ellipse, then
1 PS (x  3)2  (y  3)2
e=  = or 3x2 + 4y2 – 12x + 24y + 36 = 0
2 PN x6
12

7. Let S and S' be the foci of ellipse

Let S  (2, 3) and S  (–2, 3)
Let C be the centre of the ellipse, then C  (0, 3)
According to question semi minor axis b = 5
Also SS = 4  2ae = 4  ae = 2
Now b2 = a2 (1 – e2)  5 = a2 – a2e2 = a2 – 4  a=3
Slope of SS = 0, therefore major axis of the ellipse is parallel to x-axis and minor axis is parallel to y-
axis.
(x  0)2 (y  3)2
Now equation of the required ellipse will be  =1
9 5
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 or 5x2 + 9(y – 3)2 = 45 or 5x2 + 9y2 – 54y + 36 = 0

8. (i) Here 16x2 + 32x + 16 – (9y2 – 36y + 36) – 144 = 0 or 16(x + 1)2 – 9(y – 2)2 = 144
(x  1)2 (y – 2)2
 – =1
9 16
X2 Y 2
Putting x + 1 = X and y – 2 = Y, the equation becomes – = 1 which is in the standard form.
9 16
Here a2 = 9 and b2 = 16
 b2 = a2(e2 – 1), we get 16 = 9(e2 – 1)
16
 e2 – 1 =
9
25 5
 e2 = , i.e. e =
9 3
Now, centre = (0, 0)X, Y = (–1, 2)
{ when X = 0, x + 1 = X gives x = –1 and when Y = 0, y – 2 = Y gives y = 2}
 5 
foci = (±ae, 0)X, Y =  3· , 0  = (± 5, 0)X, Y = (– 1 ± 5, 2) = (4, 2), (–6, 2)
 3  X, Y
Directrices in X, Y coordinates have the equations
a 3 9
X± = 0 or x + 1 ± = 0 i.e. x + 1 ± =0
e (5 / 3) 5
14 4
 x=– and x =
5 5
(ii) by PS = ePM (PS = ePM ls)
2x  y  1
(x  1)2  (y  2)2 = 3  7x2 – 2y2 + 12xy – 2x + 14y – 22 = 0.
5

x2 y2 25 5
9. 2

=1  e= 1 =
10 52 100 2
SA = ae – a
SA = ae + a  SA.SA = a2(e2 – 1) = 25.

9 4
10. Eccentricity of ellipse e = 1– =
25 5
x2 y2
let the equation of hyperbola be – 1
2 m2
distance between foci
4
2 × 2 = 2 × 5 ×  =2
5
m2 = 2 (4 – 1)  m2 = 12  Equation of hyperbola is
x2 y2
– 1  3x2 – y2 – 12 = 0
4 12

11. (i) The given equation can be written as

9(x2 + 2x) – 16(y2 – 2y) = 151 or 9(x2 + 2x + 1) – 16(y2 – 2y + 1) = 151 + 9 – 16 = 144
2 2
(x  1) (y  1) X2 Y 2
 1 or  1
16 9 16 9
where X = x + 1, Y = y – 1, a2 = 16, b2 = 9 ; centre is X = 0, Y = 0 i.e., (–1, 1)
b2 = a2(e2 – 1)  e = 5/4
foci are X = ±ae, Y = 0 or x + 1 = ±4 (5/4) ; y – 1 = 0 or (4, 1) and (–6, 1)
directrices X = ±a/e or x + 1 = ±16/5 or 5x – 11 = 0, 5x + 21 = 0.

12.  (9x2 – y2 – 1) > 0 at (2,5)

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  point (2,5) lies inside.

5 5 
 5 = 2a  a = 
 2 
13. Case-I : if the is a ellipse then centre (3, 4) & PS + PS' = 2a 5+
 
5– 5 
|5 – 5 | = 2a a = 
 2 
Case-II: if it is a hyperbola the centre (3, 4) & |PS – PS'| = 2a
 
2
5 5 
 equation of auxilliary circle (x – 3)2 + (y – 4)2 = 
 2 
 

x2 y2
14. Let hyperbola be 2
– =1 .......(i)
a b2
 (1) passes through (3, 0) & (3 2 , 2)
9
 =1  a2 = 9 .......(ii)
a2
9.2 4
& – 2 =1  b2 = 4 .......(iii)
9 b
 By (i), (ii) & (iii) we have hyperbola as
x2 y2 b2 4 13
 – =1  e= 1 2
= 1 =
9 4 a 9 3

6
15. 2x – 3y = 6m .......(i) & 2x + 3y = .......(ii)
m
x2 y2
(i) × (ii)  4x2 – 9y2 = 36  – =1
9 4
 Required Locus is a hyperbola.

16.
tan A / 2 tan A / 2
Given, = constant (say ) = ()
tanB / 2 tanB / 2

s(s  a) ab c c    1
       
 bc a a  b    1 
s(s  b)
c(  1)
 (a – b) =  |AC – AB| = k < AB
(   1)
 C lies on a hyperbola whose vertices are A,B.

17. In case of rectangular hyperbola xy = c2 and a = 2 c and TA. = CA = 2a = 2 2 c and length of latus
2a2
rectum = = 2a = 2 2 c
b

18. 6 cos2 + 2 sin2 = 4  2 + 4 cos2 = 4   4 cos2 = 2

1 
cos = ±   = n± , n I
2 4
 3  5 7
So = , , or
4 4 4 4

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19. The straight line 2x – 3y = 6 meets the x-axis at A  (3, 0) and the straight line 4x + 5y = 20 meets the y-
axis at B  (0, 4). Thus, for the given ellipse, we have
9 7
eccentricity e = 1  =
16 4

20. For ellipse a2 = 16  e= 1

b2
a2
=
25  b2
5 
 focii  (± ae, 0) =  25  b2 , 0 
b2 5
For hyperbola, e = 1 2
=  focii  (± ae, 0) = (± 3, 0)
a 4
 =3  b2 = 16

PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

1 x y3
1. (x  1)2  (y  1)2 
2 12  12
Squaring, we have 7x2 + 7y2 + 7 – 10x + 10y + 2xy = 0

2. 4x2 + 9y2 + 8x + 36y + 4 = 0  4 (x2 +2x +1) + 9 [y2 +4y +4] = 36

(x  1)2 (y  2)2 4 5
 4 (x+1)2 + 9 (y+2)2 = 36   =1  e= 1 
9 4 9 3
x2 y2
3.  = 1 For ellipse 2 < r < 5
r –2 5–r

x y2 2a2 4
4. 9x2 + 4y2 = 1 Þ  = 1 Length of latusrectun = 
1/ 9 1/ 4 b 9

(x  1)2 (y  2)2
5.  1
a2 b2
It passes through (4, 6)
9 16
 1 and ae =5
a2 b2
 b2 = a2 (1 – e2)  b2 = a2 – a2e2   b2 = a2 – 25
9 16
  1  (a2 – 5) (a2 – 45) = 0  either a2 = 5 or a2 = 45
a2 a2  25
but a2 5   a2 = 45  b2 = 20

(x  2)2 (y  3)2
6. 4(x2 – 4x + 4) + 9 (y2 – 64 +9) = 36  4 (x-2)2 + 9(y-3)2 = 36  + = 1.
9 4
Equation of major axis y = 3.
Equation of minor axis x = 2

2 2
x–y x y
   
(x – y)2 (x  y)2  2  –  3  1
7. –  1 
22 32
   
2 2
2 3
 x – y = 0 is conjugate axis, x + y = 0 is tranverse axis
 further S = (3x – 3y)2 – (2x + 2y)2 – 36 = (9 – 6)2 – (6 +4)2 – 36 = 9 – 100 – 36 < 0
so (3,2) lies outside hyperbola

8. by partial differentiation centre of ellipse is (0, 0)

2r2cos2 + 6r2cossin + 5r2sin2 = 1

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 2 2
r2 = =
2 1  cos2   6 sin 2  5 1  cos 2  7  3  2 sin 2  cos 2 

 a=
2
=

2 73 5  =
73 5
73 5 49  45 2

2b2 2a2
9. Statement-1 is true by = 2ae for (a > b) or by = 2be for (a < b)
a b
statement-2 is false when a < b.

x y x2 y2
10. = (cos t + sin t), = (cos t – sin t). Squaring and adding  =1
3 4 9 16

11. Given hyperbola (x – 2)2 – (y – 2)2 = –16

Rectangular hyperbola
 e= 2.

12. If e1 & e2 are eccentricities of two conjugate hyperbolas

1 1
then  1   e1 = sec & e2 = cosec
e12 e22

13. The given equation reduces to
(x  1)2 (y  2)2
16 (x – 1)2 – 3(y – 2)2 = 48 i.e.  =1
3 16
19
so a2 = 3 and b2 = 16 and centre is (1, 2) also we have eccentricity as
3

14. Statement-2 is true (standard results)

  
Statement-1 is false for   , 0
 2 

2b2 2ae
15. =8 ... (1) and 2b = ...(2)
a 2
b2
and e2 = 1 + ... (3)
a2
2
by (1), (2), (3) e= Ans.
3

16. Obvious (By Definition)

2 2
17. 2 sec2 + 2 tan2 = 6  1 + 2tan2 = 3
= /4 for first quadrant = /4

 c  c  c 
18. Let A  ct1,  , B  ct 2 ,  , C  ct 3 , 
 t1  t 2   t 3 

 –c 
then orthocentre be H  ,– ct1t 2 t 3  which lies on xy= c2
 t1t 2 t 3 

19. Let the circle on which

P, Q, R, S lie be
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + C1 = 0

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  c
How let  ct,  lie on it
 t
 c2t4 + 2gct3 + C1t2 + 2fct+ c2 = 0
where t1, t2, t3 t4 represents the parameters for P, Q, R, S
 t1t2t3t4 = 1
also since orthocentre of PQR be
 –c 
 ,– ct1t 2 t3   (–x4, – y4)
t t
 123 t 

20. Given Hyperbola 9(x2 + 2x + 1) – 16(y2 – 2y+ 1)

(x  1)2 (y  1)2
= 151 + 9 – 16  – = 1 foci (4, 1), (–6, 1)
16 9

2 2 2
 1   2   5x  12y  1
21.  x  13  +  y  13  = a  13   PS2 = e2 PM2
     
here a = e 2
 0<e<1 for ellipse
so 0<a<1

22. Latus rectum is  to T.A

y=x
 x + y + k = 0 passing (± 2 2 c, ± 2 c) 3( 2c, 2c )
(c,c)

 x+y± 2 2c=0

(– 2c, – 2c )

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