Derivatives Limits of Functions Continuity of Polynomial, Rational, Circle

f ( x+ Δx )−f ( x ) 1. lim c=c and Square Root Function STANDARD EQUATION

Slope = 2 2 2
Δx
x →a 1. A polynomial function is continuous at x + y =r (center @ 0,0)
2. lim x=a every real number, that is, continuous 2
dy lim ∆ y x →a everywhere.
( x−h) +¿ (center not @ the origin)
=
dx ∆x + 3. lim c ∙ f (x)=¿ = c lim f (x ) 2. A rational function is continuous at GENERAL FORM
2 2
f (x+ ∆ x)−f (x ) x →a x→ a every number in its domain. x + y + Dx + Ey+ F=0
¿ lim 4. 3. A square root is continuous at every Parabola
∆ x→ 0 ∆x lim [f ( x)+ g(x )]=¿ lim f (x )+lim g (x)¿ number in its domain. STANDARD EQUATION
Algebraic Polynomial x →a x →a x→ a
Continuity on a Closed Interval
Constant Rule 5. ¿ (vertex @ h,k; horizontal AOS)
1. Open Interval (a,b)
dy dy lim [f ( x)−g (x)]=¿ lim f (x)−lim g(x )¿ 2. Right of a ¿ (vertex @h,k; vertical AOS)
= c=f (x)=0 x →a x→a x→a
a. f(a) exists
2
y =4 px (vertex @ 0,0; horizontal AOS)
dx dx 6. 2
b. lim f(x) exists x =4 py (vertex @ 0,0; vertical AOS)
Power Rule
[ ]
lim f ( x ) ∙ g ( x ) =¿ lim f ( x ) ∙ lim g ( x ) ¿ x→ a+ FOCUS
dy n n −1 x →a x→ a x→a
( x )=nx ❑ c. Lim f(x)= g(a) (h+p,k) (horizontal AOS; vertex not @ 0,0)
dx lim f ( x ) x→ a+ (h,k+p) (vertical AOS; vertex not @0,0)
The Identity Function Rule
f (x) x → a
7. lim = ❑ 3. Left of b (p,0) (horizontal AOS; vertex @ 0,0)
dy x →a g(x ) lim g ( x ) (0,p) (vertical AOS; vertex @ 0,0)
If y=x , =1 x→a
a. f(b) exist
dx b. lim f(x) exists LATUS RECTUM
lim g (x) ≠ 0 (x=h+p) (vertical; length:4p; endpoints:(h+p,k±2p)
The Constant Multiple Rule x →a x→ b-
(y=k+p) (horizontal; length:4p; endpoints(h±2p,k+p)
dy 8. Lim [f ( x )]n c. Lim f(x)= g(a)
¿ x→ b-
AXIS OF SYMMETRY (AOS)
dx x→ a (y=k) (direction: horizontal)
The Sum and the Difference Rule Theorem on Limits of Functions (x=h) (direction: vertical)
dy
n
9. f (x)√ 1. lim c=c DIRECTRIX
dx
[ f ( x ) ± g ( x )] x→ a
x→a x →a (y=k-p) (direction: horizontal)
dy
¿ f (x)± g(x)
dy = √
n
lim f (x )
x→ a
2. lim x=a
x →a
(x=h-p) (direction: vertical)
GENERAL EQUATION
dx dx Exponential Functions 3. lim c ∙ f (x)=c lim f (x ) 2
y + Dx+ Ey + F=0 and
The Product Rule 1. If b > 1 x →a x →a 2
dy x 4. x + Dx+ Ey+ F=0
[ f ( x ) ∙ g ( x )] a. lim b =+∞ Ellipse
dx x→+∞ lim [f ( x)+ g(x )]=¿ lim f (x )+lim g (x)¿
EQUATION
x
dy dy b. lim b =0 x →a x →a x→ a
2 2
¿ f ( x ) +g ( x ) f (x ) 5. x y
+ 2 =1 where c= √ a 2−b2 and a>b
x→−∞
dx dx 2. If 0 < b < 1 2
Quotient Rule x lim [f ( x)−g (x)]=¿ lim f (x)−lim g(xa)¿ b
a. lim b =0 x →a x→a x→a (ellipse with foci on the x-axis)
g ( x )≠ 0 , x→+∞
6. 2 2
x y
+ 2 =1 where c= √ a 2−b2 and a>b
x
dy f (x ) b. lim b =+ ∞ lim [f ( x)∙ g( x )]=¿ lim f ( x)∙ lim g(x )¿2
dx g (x)
x→−∞
x →a x →a x →a b a
The Natural Exponential Function (ellipse with the foci on the y-axis)
dy dy x 7.
lim e =+ ∞ VERTICES
g (x) f ( x)−f (x ) g(x ) 1. lim f (x )
dx dx x→+∞
f (x) (±a,0) (foci @ x-axis)
2 lim e =0
x lim =¿ x →a If lim g( x )=0 ¿(0,±a) (foci @ y-axis)
[ g(x )] 2.
x→−∞ x →a g(x ) lim g(x ) x → a FOCI
The Chain Rule −x x →a (±c,0) (foci @ x-axis)
μ=g ( x ) y=g ( x ) , 3. lim e =0 n n
x→+∞ 8. lim [f ( x)] =[lim f ( x )] (0,±c) (foci @ y-axis)
dy dy dμ −x
x →a x→ a DIRECTRICES
= ∙ lim e =+∞
4.
√
lim √ f (x )= n lim f (x )
n 2 2
dx dμ dx x→−∞ 9. a b
x →a x→ a x= y=
△y △y △y c c
lim = lim ∙ lim Logarithmic Functions LATUS RECTUM
Limits at Infinity
△ x→ 0 △ x △ x→ 0 △ µ △ x→ 0 △ x lim log x
❑
X=h±c (vertical) y=k±c (horizontal)
 Types of Continuity REFERENCE AND COTERMINAL ANGLES Hyperbola
1. Removable Discontinuity A. The Cosine Function: y= cos x Coterminal angles- are angles that share the same STANDARD EQUATION
-this discontinuity occurs when there is a hole in AC BC terminal side. 2 2 2
a. Cos A b. Cos B = Reference angle- is the size of the smallest acute x + y =r (center at 0,0)
the graph of the function. AB AB 2
2. Jump Discontinuity angle, t, formed by the terminal side of the angle t ( x−h)
-this discontinuity occurs when the graph of the
B-1. The graph of y= cos x and the horizontal axis + ¿ ¿ (center not at the origin)
B-2. Derivatives of the Cosine Function a2
function stops at one point and seems to jump at a. The sum are used in proving cos(A+B) 2
another point. In a jump discontinuity, the left ( y −k )
= cos A cos B – sin A sin B
2
+¿ ¿ (center not at the origin)
and the right hand limits exists but are not equal. a
3. Infinite Discontinuity
-this type of discontinuity, at least one of the two
Conic Section c= √ a 2+ b2 and c > a
limits is infinite. VERTICES AND FOCI
Intermediate Value Theorem (h±a,k) ; (h±c,k) [horizontal]
1. F(x) is continuous on the close interval [a,b] (h,k±a) ; (h,k±c) [vertical]
2. F(a) =y1 TRANSVERSE AXIS ; CONJUGATE AXIS
3. F(b) = y2 Endpoints: (h±a,k) , (h,k±b) [horizontal]
Endpoints: (h±b,k) , (h,k±a) [vertical]
Extreme Value Theorem
ASYMPTOTES
If a function f(x) continuous on a closed interval
[a,b], then f(x) has an absolute value at some b
y=k ± ( x−h ) [horizontal and vertical]
points on that closed interval Conic- is a set of points whose distances from a a
Infinity of Polynomials fixed point are in constant ratio to their DIRECTRICES
r 2
3. lim x =+ ∞ ; positive distances from a fived line that is not passing a
x→+∞ through a fixed point. x=h ± y [horizontal]
r According to Apollonius’ Study -curved formed
c
4. lim x =+∞ ; even 2
x→−∞ by the intersection of a plane and double right a
r circular cone.
y=k ± x [vertical]
lim x =−∞ ; odd c
x→−∞ TYPES OF CONIC SECTIONS Converting Angle Measures LATUS RECTUM
Tangent Line and Normal Line Circle- is the intersection of a plane DEGREE TO RADIAN 2
perpendicular to the cone’s axis. The geometric b
Tangent is a line that touches a curve point, this π x=k ± [horizontal] direction: vertical
point is called Point of Tangent. A line that is definition of a circle is the locus of all points a Multiply the number of degrees by 0
a
perpendicular to a line tangent to a curve at the constant distance r from a point (h,k) and 180 b
2

point of tangency is called Normal Line forming the circumference (C). RADIAN TO DEGREE y=h± [vertical] direction: horizontal
Parabola- is a type of conic section, defined as 0 a
Steps:
Multiply the number of degrees by
180 ENDPOINTS
1. Find the derivatives follows: Given a specific point (the focus) and a
specific line (the directrix), the parabola is the π b
2
b
2
2. Find the slope of the tangent line
locus of all points such that its distance from the AREAS OF SECTOR OF A CIRCLE h−c , k ± and h+ c , k ± [horizontal]
y=mx+b 1 2 a a
focus is equal to its perpendicular distance from A= θ r
3. Find the equation of the tangent line using 2 2
the directrix, provided the focus doesn’t lie on 2 b b
the point-slope formula
the directrix.
h ± , k−c and h ± , k +c [vertical]
y-y1=m(x-x1) Trigonometric Identities a a
Ellipse- is one of the conic sections that is The Unit Circle
4. Find the slope of the normal line
produced when a plane cuts the cone at an
1 angle with the base. If the cone is intersected by
ANGLES AND ANGLE MEASURE
m n=
m the plane, parallel to the base, then it forms a
Find the equation of the normal line y-y1=m(x-x1) circle.
The Differentiation Rule for Hyperbola- a hyperbola is a conic section
Trigonometric and Exponential formed by intersecting a right circular cone with
a plane at the angle such that both halves of the
Functions
cone are intersected. This intersection produces
A. The Sine Function: y=sin x
two separate unbounded curves that are mirror
BC AC images of each other.
a. Sin A= Sin B=
AB AB
A-1.The graph of y=sin x
A-2. Derivatives of the Sine Function
FUNDAMENTAL IDENTITES
cos θ=x
y
tanθ=
x
sin θ= y
1
sec θ=
x
x
cot θ=
y
1
csc θ=
y
QUOTIENT IDENTITES

tanθ=
sinθ
BOOKMA
cot θ=
cosθ
cos θ
sinθ
RK
PYTHAGOREAN IDENTITES
Cos2θ + sin2θ =1
In
Cos2θ +1= csc2
1+tan2θ =sec2θ Basic Calculus

Submitted By: Shayne Therese

Sanchez
Submitted To: Sir Jun Vijar