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Chapter 08 - Early Hominins
Chapter 08
Early Hominins
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Bipedalism, considered a key defining characteristic that differentiated early hominins from
other apes,
A. may have evolved as a result of anatomical changes caused by stone tool manufacturing.
B. evolved as a result of anatomical changes caused by an increase in brain size.
C. perhaps developed in the woodlands but became even more adaptive in a savanna habitat.
D. resulted in greater exposure to heat stress because on two feet, hominins spent increasingly
more time in the open grasslands.
E. was accompanied by a sharp increase in hominins' climbing abilities.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Topic: What makes us human?
2. Which of the following was a key obstacle that hominins' increase in brain size had to
overcome?
A. larger skulls demanding more elastic birth canals, even though the requirements of skeletal
development during a woman's lifetime limit the elasticity of birth canals
B. the challenges of walking with a head that is too heavy
C. overcoming the trend of clumsy locomotion that makes hominins vulnerable to predators
D. overcoming the trend of ever more self-sufficient children eager to separate themselves
from their mothers
E. larger skulls demanding larger birth canals, even though the requirements of upright
bipedalism impose limits on the expansion of the human pelvic opening

8-1
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
3. All of the following are true about the recent discovery of the world's oldest child, dubbed
"Lucy's baby," EXCEPT that
A. she is a member of Australopithecus afarensis, a species many anthropologists consider
ancestral to humans.
B. the 3.3-million-year-old fossilized toddler was uncovered in northern Ethiopia.
C. her remains, which are amazingly complete, include a remarkably well-preserved skull,
milk teeth, tiny fingers, a torso, a foot, and a kneecap.
D. the fossil suggests that the child died because her brain, which appears to have been larger
than an average chimp brain at that age, was too large for her slowly developing skull.
E. the fossil supports the theory that Au. afarensis walked upright on two legs but still
retained an apelike upper body, including two complete shoulder blades similar to a gorilla's,
so it could have been better at climbing than are humans.

4. Sahelanthropus tchadensis, or Toumai,

A. may be the oldest possible "missing link" between gorillas and Orrorin tugenensis.
B. moves scientists close to the time when humans and apes in the Americas diverged from a
common ancestor.
C. looks more like a chimp than a human, specifically because of the placement of its foramen
magnum at the base of its skull, which is farther back than in later hominins.
D. may be the oldest possible human ancestor yet found.
E. apparently lived in a habitat with scarce animal life and mountain terrain.

Topic: Who were the earliest hominins?
5. A 2001 fossil find called Orrorin tugenensis, dated 6 million years of age,
A. appears to have been a chimp-sized creature that climbed easily and walked on two legs
when on the ground.
B. lacks any possible evidence that it was bipedal.
C. is the undisputed "missing link."
D. was found in South America, suggesting that the transition into bipedalism may have
happened there.
E. is older than the famous Toumai find.

8-2
6. In 2009, a newly reported Ardipithecus find—a fairly complete skeleton of A.ramidus—

dubbed Ardi (4.4 m.y.a.)
A. replaces Lucy (3.2 m.y.a.) as the earliest known hominin skeleton.
B. lived in a dry savanna habitat.
C. stood about a foot shorter and weighed half as much as Lucy.
D. is the new undisputed oldest hominin fossil.
E. is the ancestor of Homo but not australopithecines.

7. All of the following about Ardipithecus kadabba are true EXCEPT that
A. it is recognized as the earliest known hominin, with the Toumai find from Chad, dated to
7-6 m.y.a., and Orrorin tugenensis from Kenya, dated to 6 m.y.a., as possibly even older
hominins.
B. the kadabba find consists of 11 specimens, including a jaw bone with teeth, hand and foot
bones, fragments of arm bones, and a piece of collarbone.
C. its bipedalism is still questioned because none of the fossil bones found was a pelvis or a
femur.
D. it lived during the late Miocene, between 5.8 and 5.5 million years ago.
E. its fossils belong to individuals that were apelike in size, anatomy, and habitat.

8. What is the significance of Kenyanthropus, a 3.5-million-year-old fossil that Maeve Leakey

discovered in Kenya in 1999?
A. It puts an end to the debate between taxonomic "splitters" and "lumpers."
B. It confirms that the development of big brains preceded the onset of bipedalism.
C. It replaces Lucy (3.2 m.y.a.) as the earliest known hominin skeleton.
D. It is the ancestor of Homo but not australopithecines.
E. It suggests the possibility that at least two hominin lineages existed as far back as 3.5
million years ago.

8-3
9. As this chapter makes clear, there are many issues within hominin evolution that remain
open to debate. One of them regards the Kenyanthropus fossil found by Maeve Leakey, who
argues that at least two hominin lineages existed as far back as 3.5 million years (the other
being Au. afarensis). Taxonomic "splitters" tend to agree with her interpretation, while
taxonomic "lumpers" disagree. These two interpretations highlight
A. the distinction between those who stress diversity and divergence, and those who focus on
similarities across fossil finds.
B. that more fossil evidence isn't necessarily better, because it only leads to more
misinterpretation.
C. the distinction between creationists and evolutionists.
D. the difference between those who consider bipedalism as the key hominin feature, and
those that consider large brain size the key feature.
E. that not all paleoanthropologists value human diversity.

10. Although we now know that the various species of Australopithecus discussed in this
chapter do not form a distinct subfamily within the order Primates,
A. there are still some creationists who argue that they should form a distinct subfamily.
B. the designation australopithecine has stuck in describing them.
C. we still use the term australopithecine to honor the legacy of the Leakey family.
D. australopithecines certainly do form a distinct tribe.
E. some prominent paleoanthropologists are not convinced and have threatened to withdraw
from the American Anthropological Association.

Topic: The varied australopithecines
8-4
11. Interestingly, some of the physical markers that have led scientists to identify certain
fossils as early hominins rather than apes are features that have been lost during subsequent
human evolution. Which of the following is an example of this?
A. stereoscopic vision
B. climbing ability
C. thin enamel on teeth
D. big back teeth
E. chimplike tool use, such as termite capture

12. Although the first hominins appeared late in the Miocene, most hominin fossils have been
dated to
A. 20 to 15 m.y.a.
B. the Holocene.
C. the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs.
D. the early Miocene.
E. 400,000 to 300,000 years ago.

Topic: Chronology of hominin evolution
13. Australopithecus had at least seven species,

A. Au. anamensis, Au. afarensis, Au. kenyanthropus, Au. kadabba, Au. garhi, Au. robustus,
and Au. sediba.
B. Au. anamensis, Au. afarensis, Au. africanus, Au. garhi, Au. robustus, Au. boisei, and Au.
sediba.
C. all discovered and named by the Leakey family.
D. all discovered in Africa except Au. boisei.
E. but only five of them have been confirmed to be bipedal, thus putting into question that all
australopithecines were hominins.

8-5
14. What was the major hominin group that lived from about 4 to 1 m.y.a.?
A. Homo sapiens
B. Homo erectus
C. Ramapithecus
D. Australopithecus
E. Dryopithecus

15. Northern Tanzania and the Afar region of Ethiopia have yielded some of the most famous
and informative glimpses into hominin evolution. All of the following are true about fossil
finds in these areas EXCEPT that
A. the Laetoli site in northern Tanzania yielded a series of fossilized footprints.
B. although the fossils from these two regions were deposited half a million years apart, their
many resemblances justify including them all as part of the same species, Homo habilis.
C. Lucy, a tiny hominin female who lived around 3 m.y.a., was found in the Hadar site in the
Afar region of Ethiopia.
D. the fossils from both Laetoli and Hadar forced a reinterpretation of the early hominin
record, suggesting that hominins are much closer to apes than previously known.
E. the fossils from both Laetoli and Hadar are representative of Au. afarensis.

16. What is the most important difference between Australopithecus afarensis and the modern
apes?
A. Au. afarensis had increased cranial capacity.
B. Au. afarensis had better color vision than apes.
C. Au. afarensis had a narrow chest, whereas living apes have a barrel chest.
D. Au. afarensis had lost its prehensile tail.
E. Au. afarensis was bipedal.

8-6
17. "Lucy's baby," an important Australopithecus afarensis fossil from northern Ethiopia,
includes a complete skull, mandible, and face. What is an important outcome of this find?
A. It indicates that Au. afarensis had a prolonged childhood period of slow brain growth.
B. It has a human-like skull and upper body, unlike Lucy.
C. It is the first fossil hominid child found alongside its mother.
D. It was found to have a large cranial capacity but was not bipedal, drawing into question
how these traits develop in childhood.
E. It sheds light on growth processes in human ancestors, including brain and dental
development.

18. Which of the following statements about australopithecines is true?

A. Australopithecines had a higher incidence of rickets than genus Homo.
B. Australopithecines had smaller molars than genus Homo.
C. Australopithecines probably relied more on the use of tools than did the early Homo.
D. Australopithecus was the most geographically widespread of all hominin genera.
E. Australopithecines as a group inhabited the earth longer than any other hominin genus.

Topic: The australopithecines and early Homo
19. Which of the following is NOT a location where australopithecine fossils have been
found?
A. Ethiopia
B. Tanzania
C. Kenya
D. Gibraltar
E. South Africa

8-7
20. Fossils of Australopithecus afarensis are particularly significant because

A. they show that humans evolved in Asia rather than Africa.
B. they are the oldest hominin fossils yet found in the New World.
C. Au. afarensis remains are the oldest to be found in association with evidence of both stone
tools and fire use.
D. they comprise the first fossil evidence to confirm that bipedalism preceded the evolution of
a humanlike brain.
E. they show that the gracile australopithecines were not hominins after all.

21. Which of the following statements about australopithecines is true?

A. They had a greater cranial capacity than Homo erectus.
B. They lived in the tropical forest.
C. They have been found predominantly in West Africa.
D. They were fully bipedal.
E. They were primarily carnivores.

22. Of the following features belonging to Australopithecus afarensis, which is evidence of its
adaptation to bipedal locomotion?
A. the position of its foramen magnum underneath the skull
B. the development of an opposable thumb
C. the presence of crude stone tools
D. its cranial capacity
E. its relatively large grinding surfaces on the back teeth, compared to earlier primate fossils

8-8
23. What is the term for the bony protuberance found on top of the skulls of robust
australopithecines?
A. temporalis
B. sagittal crest
C. masseter
D. foramen magnum
E. ischium

24. Which of the following is/are evidence of robust australopithecines' adaptation to eating
hard-shelled seeds and grasses?
A. the presence of very large molars and a sagittal crest on the top of the skull
B. fine finger bones and a large mandible
C. massive fossilized temporalis muscles
D. bipedalism, providing the mobility necessary to gather food in open grasslands
E. a small but flexible masseter muscle and an enlarged occipital bun

25. Which of the following is NOT discussed in this chapter as a probable cause of the
anatomical variety found in the australopithecine fossils?
A. the long time span within which they existed
B. differences in natural selective forces operating in specific environments
C. the poor condition of the fossils
D. age and sex differences
E. random genetic drift

8-9
26. What do the skull, jaws, and teeth of australopithecines indicate?

A. Warfare was commonplace, because we see much evidence of head trauma.
B. They were carnivores.
C. They used a fairly complex spoken language.
D. Their diet was largely vegetarian.
E. They were cannibals.

27. Which of the following statements about the so-called "black skull" is NOT true?
A. The skull shows evidence of cold-weather adaptations.
B. The skull has a sagittal crest.
C. The skull combines relatively small overall size with large chewing dentition.
D. Some scientists categorize the skull as belonging to a very early hyperrobust
australopithecine.
E. Some scientists assign the black skull its own species, Au.aethiopicus.

28. When did the split between the later australopithecines and the ancestors of Homo take
place—when they became productively isolated from the later australopithecines?
A. some 6 million years ago
B. when Australopithecus garhi discovered fire
C. they never split
D. some 4 million years ago
E. sometime between 3 and 2 m.y.a.

8-10
29. What is one of the probable explanations of the extinction of the later australopithecines?
A. They were eventually unsuccessful in competing for available resources with early
populations of Homo.
B. The broad-spectrum revolution was not adaptive.
C. They had no social organization.
D. They were a short-lived transitional stage between apes and humans.
E. They are relatively unimportant to the study of human evolution.

30. Which of the following is NOT considered a direct ancestor of anatomically modern
humans?
A. Australopithecus afarensis
B. Homo habilis
C. Homo erectus
D. Australopithecus boisei
E. Australopithecus africanus

31. Oldowan pebble tools

A. were found at the same site and stratigraphic layer as the Ardipithecus kadabba fossils,
dramatically pushing back in time the onset of stone tool use to the late Miocene.
B. contain evidence that they were used on fellow hominins, providing the earliest evidence
of human warfare and cannibalism.
C. include elaborate axes and spears.
D. were also used to decorate burial sites, suggesting very early symbolic thought.
E. represent the oldest formally recognized stone tools.

Topic: Oldowan tools
8-11
32. All of the following about Au. garhi are true EXCEPT that it
A. was discovered in 1999 in Ethiopia, along with traces of animal butchery.
B. adds a new potential ancestor to the human family tree.
C. made pebble tools around 2.6 m.y.a., challenging the long-held belief that Homo habilis
was the first toolmaking human ancestor.
D. displaces Lucy as the most complete skeletal fossil specimen found so far.
E. provides evidence that the thigh bone (femur) had elongated by 2.5 million years ago, a
million years before the forearm shortened, to create our current limb proportions.

33. Australopithecus sediba, a new fossil from South Africa, is considered by some
paleoanthropologists to be a bridge between australopithecines and the human lineage. This is
because
A. Au. sediba is the oldest fully bipedal ape fossil.
B. Au. sediba shows a mix of ape features and humanlike features.
C. Au. sediba is younger than Homo erectus.
D. Au. sediba had a human-sized brain but still lived in trees.
E. many researchers suspect that there was genetic admixture between Au. sediba and Homo
populations.

True / False Questions
34. Postcranial material from Ardipithecus, the earliest widely accepted hominin genus (5.8-
4.4 m.y.a.), indicates a capacity—albeit an imperfect one—for upright bipedal locomotion.
TRUE

8-12
35. Bipedalism has traditionally been viewed as an adaptation to open grassland or savanna
country, although Ardipithecus lived in a humid woodland habitat. Perhaps bipedalism
developed in the woodlands but became even more adaptive in a savanna habitat.
TRUE

36. Orrorin tugenensis and the Toumai specimen are unquestionably hominins.
FALSE

37. In trying to determine whether a fossil is a human ancestor, we should always look for
traits that make us human today.
FALSE

38. The discovery of Sahelanthropus tchadensis (Toumai) indicates that early hominid
evolution was not confined to East Africa's Rift Valley.
TRUE

39. A characteristic trend in hominin evolution has been an increase in brain size, especially
with the advent of the genus Homo.
TRUE

8-13
40. Radiometric dating of South African fossils was not possible because the area was
nonvolcanic.
TRUE

41. The teeth and skulls of australopithecines suggest that they had a vegetarian diet.
TRUE

42. The footprints at the site of Laetoli in northern Tanzania were made by Australopithecus
afarensis.
TRUE

43. The cranial features of Australopithecus afarensis were poorly adapted to chewing,
grinding, and crushing.
FALSE

44. Sexual dimorphism is less pronounced in modern Homo sapiens than in the
australopithecines.
TRUE

8-14
45. The dentition of Australopithecus afarensis exhibits some similarities to the dentition of
modern chimpanzees.
TRUE

46. In apes, the thighbone angles into the hip, permitting the space between the knees to be
narrower than the pelvis.
FALSE

47. Robust australopithecines have been found only in East Africa.

FALSE

48. The genus Homo did not appear until after all of the australopithecines had died off.
FALSE

49. Compared to the australopithecines, early Homo had larger cheek teeth and a larger
cranial capacity.
FALSE

8-15
50. Oldowan tools were made by striking flakes off the sides of cores.
TRUE

51. The oldest known stone tools date from between 2.5 and 2 m.y.a.
TRUE

52. One of the reasons the discovery of the specimen Au.garhi and other materials in its site is
important is that it provided evidence that large mammals were being butchered with early
stone tool technologies, which suggests the onset of a dietary revolution.
TRUE

Essay Questions
53. Discuss the place of Ardipithecus kadabba, Ardipithecus ramidus, and Australopithecus
anamensis in hominin evolution, considering the current dates associated with both species.
Answers will vary
8-16
54. Identify and discuss the major features of australopithecine dentition. What do these teeth
tell us about the australopithecine mode of adaptation?
Answers will vary
55. What are the major difficulties that arise in trying to interpret the hominin fossil record?
How do these difficulties lead to conflicting interpretations of human evolution?
Answers will vary
56. What factors were critical in the evolution of bipedalism? How do they illustrate the close
relationship between biology and culture? How does the discovery of Lucy's "baby"
contribute to the understanding of this relationship?
Answers will vary
57. What are the most significant features of the split between the australopithecines and
Homo? How does environmental specialization figure into the equation? What about cultural
adaptation?
Answers will vary
8-17
58. Discuss the significance of Australopithecus sediba. Why do paleoanthropologists debate

its place in human evolution? What is unique about this fossil?
Answers will vary
8-18
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Lawsonia inermis L. hhenna Henna 259 Lawsonia inermis s. CX
Lemna sp. blēsemān Blesemmân ‫بليسمان‬ 531 Lemna s. CXXI
Lepidium sativum L. hhalf Half ‫حلف‬ 394 Lepidium a) sativum s.
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arboreum s. CVIII u. s. 53
⎧
Leptadenia abyssinica kesch Kesch 177 Cynanchum b)
⎨
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ttorahh Torah 177 Cynanchum b)
arboreum s. CVIII
Leptadenia pyrotechnica march March 176 Cynanchum a)
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Lichen sp. kehhāhh Kehâhh ‫كحاح‬ 657 Lichen d) leprosus s.
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Luffa sp. hhakk el'omjā Hack el omja Turia leloja s. 166
Luffa sp.? lū' Lua ‫لوع‬ 552 Turia c) leloja s. CXXI
u. s. 166
Luffa cylindrica Roem. ttūrīā Turia 550 Turia a) sativa s. CXXI
u. s. 165
Lycium arabicum Schwf. 'aussag Ausadj ‫عوسج‬ 136 Lycium europaeum s.
CVI
M
Maerua crassifolia Forsk. meru Maeru ‫ مرو‬330 Maerua crassifolia s.
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schēqar Schaegar ‫ شيقر‬331 Capparis a) mithridatica
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Maesa lanceolata Forsk. ⎰ 'arār Arar Maesa s. 67
⎱
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Forskål
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CVI u. s. 67
Malus communis Df. tiffāhh Tyffahh 326 Pyrus b) malus s. CXIII
hherodd Hörod ‫ حرض‬415 Malva a) montana s.
⎰ CXVI u. s. 124
Malva nicaeensis L.
⎱ hhobsēn Höbsen 415 Malva a) montana s.
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Mangifera indica L. 'amb Amb ‫ عنب‬170 Mangifera amba s. CVII
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Medicago sativa L. qaddb Kadb 465 Medicago falcata s.
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CXVIII u. s. 140
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Mimusops sp.? ssar Sar ‫ سر‬XIX Sar s. 196
Mimusops Schimperi H. lebach Laebach ‫ لبخ‬XXI Laebach s. 196
⎰ sahr-ellēl Zàhr el laejl ‫ زهر الليل‬130 Mirabilis jalapa s. CVI
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⎱ uard-ellēl Uard el laejl ‫ ورد الليل‬130 Mirabilis jalapa s. CVI
hhakōb Hakob ‫ حكوب‬652 Mnium, Bryum s. CXXV
⎧ roba Roba 652 Mnium Bryum. comm.
Mnium sp. ⎨ nom. s. CXXV
⎩ ttolhhebb Tolhöb ‫ طلحب‬652 Mnium. Bryum. comm.
nom. s. CXXV
dahhi Dahhi 319 Glinus a) setiflorus s.
⎰ CXIII
Mollugo hirta Thbg.
⎱ hhaschfe Haschfe 320 Glinus b) lotoides s.
CXIII u. s. 96
moghadd Moghadd 568 Momordica balsamina
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Momordica Balsamina L.
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Notonia pendula (Forsk.) ka'dd Kaad ‫ كعض‬482 Cacalia a) pendula s.
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Notonia semperviva (Forsk.) ttiflōq Tyflok 484 Cacalia c) semperviva
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Ochna inermis (Forsk.) ⎰ benāt Benât ‫ بنات‬Evonymus inermis s. 204
Schwf. ⎱ 'ujūn-en-nemr Öyun ennemr ‫ عيون النمر‬Evonymus inermis s. 204
⎰ el-benāt el Benât ⎱ 157 Evonymus inermis s.
Ochna parvifolia Vahl. ‫عيون النمر‬
⎱ 'ojūn-en-nemr Öyun ennemr ⎰ CVII
⎰ hhebaq Haebak ⎱ 362 Ocymum a) basilicum
Ocimum basilicum L.
⎱ rīhhān Rihân ⎰ s. CXIV
schagaret-es- Schadjaret
⎰ sirr eszirr ⎱ 364 Ocymum c) tenuiflorum
Ocimum sanctum L. ‫شجرة الزر‬
⎱ ⎰ s. CXIV
uusab Vusab
Ocimum serpyllifolium 'assal Asal ‫ عصل‬366 Ocymum e) serpyllifol
Forsk. s. CXIV u. s. 110
Ocimum Vaalae Forsk. uāle Vaalae ‫ واله‬370 Ocymum i) vaalae s.
CXV u. s. 111
'onqob Onkob ‫ عنقب‬337 Oncoba spinosa s.
⎰ CXIII u. s. 104
Oncoba spinosa Forsk.
⎱ qorqor Korkor ‫ قرقر‬337 Oncoba spinosa s.
CXIII
Orchis flava Forsk. gis-sāb Djissab ‫ جزاب‬518 Orchis a) flava s. CXX
u. s. 156
Origanum majorana L. mardaqūsch Mardakûsch 358 Origanum majorana s.
CXIV
chossar-er- Chosar
⎧ robāh errobah ⎫
234 Ornithogalum flavum s.
Ornithogalum flavum Forsk. ⎨ bassal-el-ginn Bassal eddjinn ⎬ ‫بصل الرباح‬
CIX u. s. 234
⎩ bassal-er- Bassal ⎭
robāh errobah
Oxalis corniculata L. hhēmtssa Haemda ‫ حيمصه‬293 Oxalis a) corniculata s.
CXII
P
⎧ kādhī Kadi ⎫
Pandanus odoratissimus L. ⎨ keura Keura ⎬ ‫ كاذى‬590 Keura odorifera s CXXII
⎩ qabua-qaddī Kabua Kadi ⎭
Pancratium maximum ssoraf Soraf 231 Pancratium maximum
Forsk. s. CIX
⎰ eflik Eflik ⎱ 53 Panicum b) appressum
Panicum fluitans Bth.
⎱ falek Faelaek ⎰ s. CIV u. s. 20
Panicum miliaceum L. qossēb Kossaejb 62 Panicum l) miliaceum s.
CIV
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Panicum setigerum Forsk. thummām Thummam 60 Panicum i) setigerum s.
CIV
⎰ 'atssm Asm ‫ عصم‬XII Asm s. 195
Papilionac. sp. dubia
⎱ schurēg Schuredj VIII Schuredj s. 195
Paronychia lenticulata makr Makr ‫ مكر‬Herniaria lenticulata s. 52
Asch. Schf.
bekār Boekâr ‫ بكار‬59 Panicum h) dichotomum
Pennisetum dichotomum ⎰ s. CIV
(Forsk.) Del. ⎱
thummām Tummâm Panicum dichotomum s. 20
Pennisetum spicatum Körn. dochn Dochn Holcus racemosus s. 175
Pentas carnea Bth. la'ja Laaeja 117 Ophiorriza lanceol. s.
CVI
⎰ schanttob Schantob ⎱ 179 Asclepias b) spiralis s.
Pentatropis spiralis Dcne.
⎱ schunttob Schuntob ⎰ CVIII u. s. 49
⎧ mdhēfan Mdhaefan ⎫
Peristrophe bicalyculata 26 Dianthera c) paniculata
⎨ meddēfa'a Medhaefaa ⎬ ‫ثويم‬
Nees. s. CIII u. s. 7
⎩ thuēm Toaejm ⎭
Phaseolus Mungo L. qoschārī Koschâri 434 Phaseolus a) radiatus
s. CXVII u. s. 214
Phaseolus aconitifolius qottn Gotn 435 Phaseolus b) palmatus
Jacq. s. CXVII u. s. 214
Phoenix dactylifera L. nachl Nachl ‫ نخل‬692 Phoenix a) dactylifera
s. CXXVI
⎰ meneqqete Meneckete ⎱ 534 Phyllanthus a) niruri s.
Phyllanthus Niruri L.
⎱ meqatqata Mekátkata ⎰ CXXI u. s. 159
Phyllanthus ovalifolius hhomēmer Homaemer ‫ حميمر‬536 Phyllanthus c)
Forsk. ovalifolius s. CXXI u. s. 159
Phyllanthus tenellus hadīe Hadîe 535 Phyllanthus b)
Müll.Arg. maderasp. s. CXXI
⎰ mirrēr Myrrejr 472 Picris scabra s. CXVIII
Picris scabra Forsk.
⎱ murrēr Murreir Picris scabra s. 143
Pittosporum sp.? hhobedd Hobed ‫ حبض‬XXVI Hobed s. 197
Plantago media L.? bisr beledī Bizr boelledi 92 Plantago b) media? s.
CV
Plectranthus Forsskalii V. medān Medân ‫ مدان‬367 Ocymum f) hadiense s.
CXV u. s. 109
Plectranthus ovatus Bth. hheboqboq Höbokbok ‫ حبقبق‬363 Ocymum b)
gratissimum s. CXIV u. s.
110
Plumbago zeylanica L. hhamsched Hamsched ‫ حمشد‬118 Plumbago ceylanica s.
CVI
Polygala tinctoria V. schagaret-el- Schadjaret el ‫ شجرة الحور‬430 Polygala b) bracteolata
hhuer houer s. CXVII u. s. 213
Pongamia glabra Vent.? schunf-ed-dīk Schunf ed dîk ‫ شنف الديك‬447 Cytisus pinnatus? s.
CXVII
Poronia punctata Lk. fussā Fusseh ‫ فسا‬688 Peziza punctata s
CXXVI
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hareschtā- Hareschta 301 Portulaca d) hareschta
⎰ amrā'ī amrai ⎱ s. CXII
Portulaca hareschta Forsk. ‫هرشتا امراعى‬
⎱ hareschtam- Hareschtam ⎰ Portulaca, calyse 4-phyllo s.
rā'ī rai 92
⎧ brābrā Brabra ⎱ 298 Portulaca a) oleracea s.
‫برابرا‬
⎪ chamīle Chamile ⎰ CXII
Portulaca oleracea L. ⎨ dheneb-el- Daenneb el
⎪ farass farras ⎱ 298 Portulaca a) oleracea s.
‫دنب الفرس‬
⎩ riglet-el-farass Ridjlet el farras ⎰ CXII
morttah Mortah ‫ مرطه‬299 Portulaca b) linifolia s.

⎰ CXII u. s. 92
Portulaca quadrifida L.
⎱ qor'at-er-rā'ī Koraat errai 299 Portulaca b) linifolia s.
CXII u. s. 92
Portulaca quadrifida L. var. ⎰ ernuba Örnuba ⎱ 300 Portulaca c) imbricata
‫ارنبه‬
imbricata Forsk. ⎱ ros.sī Rozzi ⎰ s. CXII u. s. 92
Pouzolzia parasitica ⎰ negā' ⎱ Naedjaa ⎱ 541 Urtica c) parasitica s.
‫نجاع‬
(Forsk.) Schwf. ⎱ nega'a ⎰ Naedjáa ⎰ CXXI u. s. 160
Priva Forsskalii J. Sp. hhamsched Hamsched 372 Phryma? s. CXV
Prunus Armeniaca L. mischmisch Mischmisch 324 Prunus b) armeniaca s.
CXIII
Prunus domestica L. barqūq Barquq 323 Prunus a) domestica s.
CXIII
Psoralea corylifolia L. lebab-el-'abīd Löbab el abîd ‫ لبب العبيد‬460 Trifolium b) unifolium s.
CXVIII u. s. 140
meschūtt Meschåt
⎰ ⎱ 628 Acrostichum b) filare s.
Pteridella viridis Mett. ‫مشوط‬
⎱ meschātt-el- Meschât ⎰ CXXIV
ghorāb elghorab
⎧ cha' Chàa ‫ خع‬505 Inula odora s. CXIX
⎪ cha'a Cháa ‫ خع‬Inula odora s. 150
Pulicaria undulata D.C. ⎨
⎪ mūniss Mûnis ⎱
‫نشوش‬
505 Inula odora s. CXIX u.
⎩ neschūsch Neschusch ⎰ s. 150
Punica granatum L. rumān Rumân 321 Punica granatum s.
CXIII
Pupalia atropurpurea hhobb-el- Hobb el adjais ‫ حب العجايز‬163 Achyranthes b)
Moq.T. 'agājis lappacea s. CVII
R
⎰ boqel Bökel ⎱ 399 Raphanus sativus s.
Raphanus sativus L.
⎱ figl Fidjl ⎰ CXVI
⎰ bejādd Boejad? ⎱ 216 Rhus saeneb s. CIX u.
Rhus saeneb Forsk. ‫سنب‬
⎱ sseneb Saeneb ⎰ s. 206
⎰ gār Djar ⎱ 556 Ricinus communis s.
Ricinus communis L. ‫تبشع‬
⎱ tebscha' Tebscha ⎰ CXXI
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⎧ hhaugam Haudjam ‫حوجم‬ 327 Rosa indica s. CXIII
Rosa indica L. ⎨ 'orschoq Örschok ‫عرشق‬ 327 Rosa indica s. CXIII
⎩ serb Zerb ‫زرب‬ 327 Rosa indica s. CXIII
Rubia tinctorum L. fūh Fua ‫فوه‬ 89 Rubia tinctor. s. CV
hhemētss Hömmaes ‫حميص‬ 328 Rubus fruticosus s.
Rubus arabicus (Defl.) ⎰ CXIII
Schwf. ⎱ nefetss Naefaes ‫ نفص‬328 Rubus fruticosus s.
CXIII
Ruellia adhaerens Forsk. hhamsched Hamsched ‫ حمشد‬388 Ruellia h) adhaerens s.
CXV u. s. 114
ghobēre ⎱ Ghobeire ⎱ 385 Ruellia e) guttata s.
⎧ ghobīre ‫غبيره‬
⎰ Ghobîre ⎰ CXV u. s. 114
⎪
Ruellia guttata Forsk. ⎨ chommāhh Chommâh ‫ خماح‬387 Ruellia g) hispida s.
⎪ CXV
⎩ kassr Kasr ‫ كسر‬385 Ruellia e) guttata s.
CXV u. s. 114
ghobbār Ghobbâr ‫ غبار‬383 Ruellia c) strepens s.
⎧ CXV u. s. 114
⎪ mtaqtqa Mtaktka ‫ متقتقه‬383 Ruellia c) strepens s.
Ruellia pallida V. ⎨ CXV u. s. 114
⎪
⎩ qotssēf ⎱ Kosseif ⎱
‫قصيف‬
383 Ruellia c) strepens s.
qotsseif ⎰ Kossejf ⎰ CXV u. s. 114
Rumex acutus L. thebal Thebal ‫ ثبل‬247 Rumex b) acutus s. CX
Rumex nervosus V. 'othrob Öthröb ‫ عثرب‬Rumex a) persicarioid. s.
CX u. s. 76
Ruta chalepensis L. schedāb Schedâb ‫ شداب‬275 Ruta graveolens s. CXI
S
Saccharum officinarum L. muddargend Muddardjend 50 Saccharum offic. s. CIII
Salsola Forsskalii Schf. harm Harm ‫هرم‬ 201 Salsola a) imbricata s.
CVIII u. s. 57
erk Örk ‫ارك‬ Cissus arborea s. 32
⎧ kebāth Kebath ‫كباث‬ Cissus arborea (fructus) s.
⎪ 32
Salvadora persica Lam. ⎨ redīf Redîf ‫رديف‬ 95 Cissus arborea s. CV u.
⎪ s. 32
⎩ rāk Râk ‫راك‬ 95 Cissus arborea s. CV u.
s. 32
Salvia nudicaulis Vahl. ddaru Dharu ‫ضرو‬ Salvia merjamie s. CIII u. s.
10
Sarcostemma ⎧ dagabis Dagabis 188 Asclepias l) contorta s.
Forskaolianum Kew Index ⎪ CVIII
⎨ hhommētss Hömmed ‫حميص‬ 188 Asclepias l) contorta? s.
⎪ CVIII
⎩
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mileb Milaeb 186 Asclepias i) aphylla s.
CVIII u. s. 50
'oqqētss Ockas ‫عقيص‬ 188 Asclepias l) contorta? s.
CVIII
rodd' Rodaa ‫رضع‬ 188 Asclepias l) contorta s.
CVIII
Sarcostemma stipitaceum rīdehh Rideh ‫ريدح‬ 187 Asclepias k) stipitacea
(Forsk.) R.Br. s. CVIII u. s. 51
Scabiosa Columbaria L. gusar-ar-rā'ija Djussar ar ‫جزر الراعيه‬ 86 Scabiosa columbaria? s.
raaja CV
Schanginia baccata (Forsk.) mullāhh Mullaeah ‫مالح‬ 221 Suaeda c) baccata s.
Moq.T. CIX u. s. 69
Schanginia hortensis mullah Mullah 222 Suaeda d) hortensis s.
(Forsk.) Moq.T. CIX u. s. 71
'ain el baqar Aejn el bagar 42 Schoenus a) incanus s.
⎰ CIII
Schoenus incanus Forsk.
⎱
'ēn-el-baqar Aejn el bagar Schoenus incanus s. 12
boqel Bökel 393 Subularia purpurea s.
Schouwia purpurea (Forsk.) ⎰ CXVI
Sf. ⎱
boqel Bockel Subularia purpurea s. 117
Scirpus corymbosus Heyne hhalāl Hallâl ‫حالل‬ 47 Scirpus a) lateralis s. CIII
u. s. 15
Scoparia dulcis L. dfar Dfar 93 Scoparia a) ternata s.
CV u. s. 32
retssen Raesen ‫رصن‬ 650 Lycopodium a)
imbricatum s. CXXV u. s.
Selaginella imbricata ⎰ 187
Spring. ⎱ schāker-rabba Schaker rabba ‫شاكر ربه‬ 650 Lycopodium a)
imbricatum s. CXXV u. s.
187
hhoqqa Hocka 651 Lycopodium b)
Selaginella yemensis ⎰ sanguin.? s. CXXV
Spring. ⎱ sserāttāt Seråtåt 651 Lycopodium b)
sanguin.? s. CXXV
Senecio sp. 'amfalūl Amfalûl ‫عنفلول‬ 503 Senecio g) foliis
lanceolato-dentatis s. CXIX
chotssrāb Chodrab ‫خصراب‬ 498 Senecio b) hadiensis s.
CXIX
⎧ ssel'-abjadd Saelá abjad ‫سلع ابيض‬ 498 Senecio b) hadiensis s.
⎪ CXIX u. s. 149
Senecio hadiensis Forsk. ⎨
⎪ ssel'-el-baqar Saelà el bákar 498 Senecio b) hadiensis s.
⎩ CXIX u. s. 149
'ūd-el-qarahh Oud el karah ‫عود القرح‬ 498 Senecio b) hadiensis s.
CXIX
Senecio lyratus L. ⎧ herimrim Hörimrim 497 Senecio a) lyratus s.
⎨ CXIX
⎩ hherimrim Hörimrim ‫حرمرم‬ Senecio lyratus s. 149
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meqatqat Mekatkat 497 Senecio a) lyratus s.
CXIX u. s. 149
Senecio odorus (Forsk.) edchēr Edcher ‫ادخير‬ 483 Cacalia b) odora s.
Deflers. CXIX u. s. 146
Sesamum indicum L. gilgilān Djyldjylan 380 Sesamum indicum s.
CXV u. s. 113
Sesbania sp. kuntud Kuntud ‫كنتد‬ 443 Dolichos g) sesban α)
annuus s. CXVII
Sesbania grandiflora Poir. ssessebān Sesebân 444 Dolichos h) sesban β)
arboreus s. CXVII u. s. 134
Setaria glauca P.B. ebed Aebaed 54 Panicum c) glaucum s.
CIV u. s. 20
Setaria verticillata P.B. sser'-er-rā Saera erra 55 Panicum d) adhaerens s.
CIV u. s. 20
Setaria verticillata P.B. var. hhossab Hosab 56 Panicum e) adhaer.
simile glauco s. CIV
Setaria verticillata P.B. sp. 'agēr Öddjer ‫عجير‬ 57 Panicum f) adhaer. foliis
aff. sulcatis s. CIV
Sida sp. schagaret-el- Schadjaret el 411 Sida b) parvaflore albo
uak uak s. CXVI
⎧ ssoka' Sockáa ‫سكع‬ 414 Sida e) ciliata? s. CXVI
Sida ciliata Forsk. ⎨ tschebe Tschaeba ⎱
⎩ uusar 414 Sida e) ciliata? s. CXVI
Vuzar ⎰
Sida cordifolia L. rēn Rên 410 Sida a) cordifolia s.
CXVI u. s. 124
ghobārī Ghobâri ‫ غبارى‬412 Sida c) paniculata? s.
⎰ CXVI u. s. 124
Sida paniculata L.
⎱ rēn Rên ‫ رين‬412 Sida c) paniculata? s.
CXVI u. s. 124
Sideroxylon oxyacanthum ⎰ 'ersch Ersch ⎱ 144 Sideroxylon s. CVI u. s.
Baill. ⎱ uaraf Uaraf ⎰ 204
Smilacina Forskaliana denaq Daenag ‫ دنق‬236 Convallaria racemosa
Schult. s. CX u. s. 73
bonqom Bonkom ‫ بنقم‬150 Solanum f. armatum s.
⎰ CVII u. s. 47
Solanum armatum Forsk.
⎱ boqēmē Bokaeme ‫ بقيمى‬150 Solanum f) armatum s.
CVII u. s. 47
⎰ bēkamān Bejkaman ⎱ 149 Solanum e) coagulans
Solanum coagulans Forsk.
⎱ ssorēg-ssahān Soroej sahan ⎰ s. CVII u. s. 47
Solanum cordatum Forsk. hhadaq Hadak 154 Solanum k) cordatum s.
CVII u. s. 47
Solanum Forsskalii Dun. boqēmē Bockaeme ‫بقيمي‬ 151 Solanum villosum s.
CVII u. s. 47
Solanum incanum Forsk. ⎧ ennama Ennama ‫انمه‬ Solanum incanum s. 46
⎪ 'ēn-el-baqar Aejn el bagar ‫عين البقر‬ 148 Solanum d) incanum s.
⎨ CVII s. 46
⎪ 'ertssen ⎱ Aersaen ⎱ ‫عرصن‬ 148 Solanum d) incanum s.
⎩ ⎰ ⎰ CVII u. s. 46
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'erssan Ersan
Solanum Melongena L. bādingān Badindjân 147 Solanum c) melongena
s. CVII
⎰ messellahhe ⎱ Mesellahe ⎱ 145 Solanum a) nigrum s.
Solanum nigrum L. ‫مسلحه‬
⎱ messellehha ⎰ Mesaelleha ⎰ CVII u. s. 46
boqā' Boka 153 Solanum i) bahamense
album s. CVII
⎧ hhabaq Habak ‫ حبق‬152 Solanum h)
⎪ bahamense s. CVII u. s. 46
Solanum sepicula Dun. ⎨
hhommēsch Hommaesch ‫ حميش‬152 Solanum h)
⎪
bahamense s. CVII u. s. 46
⎩
melihemi ⎱ Melihaemi ⎱ 152 Solanum h)
melihhami ⎰ Melihami ⎰ bahamense s. CVII u. s. 46
Sporobolus ssoraq Sorak ‫ سرق‬66 Agrostis a) indica? s.
coromandelianus (Rz.) CIV
Sterculia platanifolia L. kulhham Kulhåm ‫ كلحم‬295 Culhamia s. CXII u. s.
96
Suaeda fruticosa Forsk. ⎰ dōluq ⎱ Dôluk ⎱ 223 Suaeda e) fruticosa s.
(non Aut.) ⎱ delūq ⎰ Döluk ⎰ CIX u. s. 70
Suaeda monoica Forsk. 'assal Asal ‫ عسل‬220 Suaeda b) monoica s.
CIX u. s. 70
⎧ hhemmām Hömmâm ‫ حمام‬Suaeda foliis oblongis s. 69
Suaeda vera Forsk. ⎨ hommam Hommam ⎱
⎩ ssued 219 Suaeda a) vera s. CIX
Suaed ⎰
T
Tagetes sp.? benefssig Benefsidj ‫ بنفسج‬509 Tagetes b) dubia? s.
CXX
naufar Naufar ‫ نوفر‬508 Tagetes a) erecta s.
⎰ CXIX
Tagetes erecta L.
⎱ rangess Randjes ‫ رنجس‬508 Tagetes a) erecta s.
CXIX
herug Hörudj 342 Orygia a) portulacifolia
Talinum portulacifolium ⎰ s. CXIV
(Forsk.) Asch. ⎱ herugrug Hörudjrudj ‫ هرجرج‬342 Orygia a) portulacifolia
s. CXIV u. s. 103
Tamarindus indica L. hhomar Homár ‫ حمر‬35 Tamarindus indica s. CIII
Tamarix articulata Vahl. athl Atl 215 Tamarix orientalis s.
CIX
hhebb-el-'agā- Höbb el adjais
451 Hedysarum c)
Taverniera lappacea ⎰ is ⎱
lappaceum s. CXVII u. s.
(Forsk.) D.C. ⎱ hhobb-el-'agā- Höbb el adjais ⎰
136
is
Tephrosia tomentosa Pers. ⎰ ssimm-el-horat Symm elhorat XLIII Symm elhorat s. 198
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ssonēfa Sonaefa 446 Lathyrus b) tomentosus
s. CXVII u. s. 135
Themed ⎱ 598 Themeda triandra s.
Themeda Forsskalii Hack. themed
Thaemed ⎰ CXXIII u. s. 178
Thymus pulegioides Forsk. dūsch Dûsch ‫ دوش‬361 Thymus c) pulegioid.?
s. CXIV
Thymus serpyllum L. ssa'tar Saatar ‫ سعتر‬359 Thymus a) serpyllum s.
CXIV u. s. 107
⎧ hhereqreq Hörekrek ‫ حرقرق‬Jatropha pungens s. 163
⎪ hhumēta Humejta 555 Jatropha pungens s.
Tragia pungens (Forsk.) CXXI u. s. 163
⎨
Müll.Arg.
⎪ mehherkeka ⎱ Mehaerkeka ⎱ 555 Jatropha pungens s.
⎩ mehherqaqa ‫محرققه‬
⎰ Meherkaka ⎰ CXXI u. s. 163
Trianthema pentandrum L. roqama Rókama ‫ رقمه‬200 Rokama prostrata s.
CVIII u. s. 71
kótaba Kótaba 282 Tribulus hexandrus[27]
⎰ ⎱
Tribulus bimucronatus Viv. s. CXI
⎱ ⎰
qottaba Kótaba Tribulus pentandrus s. 88
⎰ raq' Roka ⎱
Trichilia emetica V. ‫ رقع‬409 Elcaja s. CXVI u. s. 128
⎱ roq' Roka ⎰
Trigonella foenum-graecum hhelbe Haelbe 464 Trigonella foenum gr. s.
L. CXVIII
Triticum vulgare Vill. burr Burr 84 Triticum s. CIV
⎰ akmeda Akmeda ⎱ 296 Triumfetta a) lappula s.
Triumfetta lappula L.
⎱ hhamsched Hamsched ⎰ CXII
U
Urtica urens L. qolehhlehhe Kolaehlehae 543 Urtica e) urens? s.
CXXI
V
Vigna sinensis Endl. digre Didjre ‫ دجره‬440 Dolichos d) lubia s.
CXVII
Vigna sinensis L. var. digre Didjre ‫ دجره‬Dolichos didjre s. 133
sesquipedalis Körn.
Viola arborea Forsk. (non ⎰ rahba Ráhba ‫ رهبه‬515 Viola a) arborea s. CXX
L.) ⎱ ssidr Sidr ‫ سدر‬515 Viola a) arborea s. CXX
Vitis vinifera L. 'enab Enab 160 Vitis s. CVII
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W
barde Barde 133 Physalis a) somnifera s.
⎰ CVI
Withania somnifera Dun.
⎱ 'obab Öbab ‫ عبب‬133 Physalis a) somnifera s.
CVI
X
kauar-el-'abīd Kavar el abîd 545 Xanthium strumar. s.
Xanthium abyssinicum ⎰ CXXI
Sz.B. ⎱ mang-el-mā Mandj el mâ ‫ منج الما‬545 Xanthium strumar. s.
CXXI
Z
Zea Mays L. rūmī Rumi 533 Zea majs. s. CXXI
Zingiber officinale Rox. sengebīl Zenjebîl 4 Amomum zingiber s. CII
143 Rhamnus b) divaricatus
⎰ s. CVI
arg Ardj
⎱Rhamnus nabeca b) rectus
s. 204
arg-orrēg Ardj Örredj 142 Rhamnus a) nabeca
⎧ rectus s. CVI
⎪ 142 Rhamnus a) nabeca
⎪ ⎰ rectus s. CVI u. s. 204
⎪ 'elb Aelb ‫علب‬
⎱Rhamnus nabeca s. 204
Ziziphus spina-Christi L. ⎨
var. a. divaricatus
⎪
⎪ ghassl Ghasl Rhamnus nabeca s. 204
⎪ var. a. divaricatus
⎩ 143 Rhamnus b) divaricatus
s. CVI
ssidr Sidr 143 Rhamnus b) divaricatus
s. CVI
'urrēg Örredj ‫ عريج‬Rhamnus nabeca b) rectus
s. 204
⎧ germel Kermel ⎫
279 Zygophyllum b)
Zygophyllum simplex L. ⎨ girmel Djirmel ⎬
portulacoides s. CXI
⎩ qermel Kermel ⎭
sp. dubia 'anatss Anas ‫ عنص‬L. Anas s. 199

umschrieben
in arabischer
Schrift nach
Forskål
Alphabet
sp. dubia bekā Baecka ‫ بكا‬Baecka s. 198
sp. dubia dharaf Dharaf XXXIX Nerium foliis integris
s. 205 u. sp. dubia s. 198
sp. dubia emrīch Emrich ‫ امريخ‬XXX Emrich s. 197
sp. dubia ferar Ferar XXXVI Ferar s. 198
sp. dubia hhaschīschet- Haschischet ‫ حشيشه الدهب‬XLV Haschischet ed dahab
ed-dahab ed dahab s. 199
sp. dubia hinssib Hinsib ‫ حنسب‬XXIV Hinsib s. 196
sp. dubia kelūb Kaelub ‫ كلوب‬XIV Kaelub s. 195
sp. dubia kuer Kuer XXIII Kuer s. 196
sp. dubia natssaf Nasaf ‫ نصف‬XVII Nasaf s. 196
sp. dubia nemam Nömam ‫ نمم‬XXXI Nömam s. 197
sp. dubia 'okāsch Okasch XXXVIII Okasch s. 198
sp. dubia qattaf Kataf XXVII Kataf (falso sic dicta)
s. 197
sp. dubia qauaq Gavag ‫ قوق‬XVIII Gavag s. 196
sp. dubia schanss Schans ‫ شنس‬II Schans s. 194
sp. dubia schagaret- Schadjaret ‫ شجرة الهرنب‬VII Schadjaret elharneb s.
elharneb elharneb 195
sp. dubia scheqab Schekab ‫ شقب‬XV Schekab s. 196
sp. dubia ssibbīe Sibbie ‫ سبيه‬XXV Sibbie s. 197
[22]Druckfehler für Hömed er robah.
[23]Wahrscheinlich ein Druckfehler, statt Cordia.
[24]Druckfehler statt Kerath.
[25]Wahrscheinlich Druckfehler für schamar.
[26]Von Forskål als türkischer Name für die Flora von Jemen
aufgeführt.
[27]Druckfehler für Trib. pentandrus.
ABTEILUNG III.
ARABISCHE PFLANZENNAMEN AUS DER

FLORA VON JEMEN UND SÜD-ARABIEN
ZUSAMMENGESTELLT NACH DEN AUF SEINEN REISEN 1881 UND 1889 VON
G. SCHWEINFURTH GEMACHTEN AUFZEICHNUNGEN
ABKÜRZUNGEN ZUR BEZEICHNUNG DER ÖRTLICHKEITEN,

AN DENEN DIE PFLANZENNAMEN ERKUNDET WURDEN
Aden = (A.) Menacha = (M.)

Bagil = (B.) nach A. Deflers, Sana 1887 = (S.)
Chalife = (Ch.) Tehama (Küstenebene) = (T.)
Hille (am Fuß des Gebel Bura) =
'Ussil = (U.)
(H.)
Uollége (am Fuß des Gebel
Hogēla = (Hodj.)
Melhan) = (W.)
A. LATEINISCH-ARABISCH GEORDNET
A B C D E F
G H I J K L
M N O P R S
T U V W Z
Abrus Bottae Defl. ⎰ 'asb. 'asd (W.)

⎱ tenuīb (H.)
'ain-lahhlahh (H.)
⎧
Abrus precatorius L. ⎨ 'ofrūss (W. H.)
⎩
qólqol (H.)
⎰ reï̄n (H.)
Abutilon bidentatum H.
⎱ rēn (T.)
Acacia abyssinica ⎰ ssujēl (Hodj.)

Hochst. ⎱ ttalhh (M.)
Acacia Edgeworthii F. ⎰ qáratt (A.)

And. ⎱ ssámr (A.)
Acacia flava (F.) Schwf. sselām (T.)

(= A. Ehrenbergiana
Hne.)
⎰ dáhhi (W.)
Acacia glaucophylla St.
⎱ dáhhie (M.)
⎰ gensīr (H.)
Acacia Lahai H. St.
⎱ qáratt (M.)
Acacia mellifera Bth. dsubb (T. H. W.)

Acacia oerfota Schwf. (= 'orfott (B. H. T.)
A. nubica Bth.)
Acacia Seyal (F.) Del. sselēm (Ch.)
Acacia spirocarpa Hoch. ssámr (B. W.)
Acalypha fruticosa ⎰ defrān

Forsk. ⎱ deferān (H. W. U.)
Acalypha indica L. hharām-edh-dhíbbel (U.)
Acanthus arboreus ⎰ ssénef, ssínif (M. U.)

Forsk. ⎱ sínif (H.)
Achillea sp. culta golleï̄m (M.)

Achyranthes aspera L. chórge (H.)
athbīr, athbēr (Hodj.)
⎧
Acokanthera Deflersii
⎨ thebīr (U.)
Schwf.
⎩
tumár (H.)
ferguss (U.)
⎧
Adenia venenata Forsk. ⎨ ssoffēr (W.)
⎩
ssufrēg (Hodj.)
Adenium arabicum Balf. dobbiāna (A.)
f.
Adenium obesum 'aden (W. U.)
(Forsk.) R. Sch
Adiantum caudatum L. schegeret-el-m'ä (U.)
Adina microcephala dhárahh (H.)
Hiern.
Aerva tomentosa Forsk. 'érue (W.)
⎰ bissēl (H.)
Albersia caudata Boiss.
⎱ hogēla (H.)
Albuca abyssinica hhaneschāt (H.)

Dryand.
Allium cepa L. bátssal (S.)
Allium sp. tōm-el-hhánasch (M.)
Allium sativum L. tūm (S.)
Allophylus rubifolius (H.) nischēm (W.)
Engl.
Aloe sabaea Schwf. geschb (Hodj. U.)
Aloe rubroviolacea
Schwf. ⎱
ssabr, ssubr (M. W.)
⎰
Aloe vera L.
Aloe pendens Forsk. 'arrár (H. U.)
⎰ charchar (H.)
Aloe vacillans Forsk.
⎱ chēr (M. U.)
dhsam (S.)
⎧
Andropogon Sorghum
⎨ tta'm (T.)
Brot.
⎩
ssábul (U.) (der Fruchtkolben)
Andr. Sorgh. var. albidus tta'm-'áhhnessi (U.)
Kcke.
Andr. Sorgh. var. tta'm-ga'aidi (M.)
arabicus Kcke.
Andr. Sorgh. var. bicolor. tta'm-gherb (T.)
L.
Andr. Sorgh. var. ⎰ tta'm-diger-kubri (Hodj.)

rubrocernuus Kcke. ⎱ tta'm-kubri (M. U.)
Andr. Sorgh. var. usorum gendab-ahhmar (M.)

Nees.
Andr. Sorgh. var. pannic. ⎰ hhogema, hhogena (T.)

compacta ⎱ hhegēne (T.)
Andropogon qossēba (W.)
Schoenanthus L.
Amygdalus communis L. lōs (S.)
⎰ férssik
Amygdalus Persica L.
⎱ fírssik (H. W. S.)
Anisotes trisulcus Nees. madd (T.)

Antirrhinum Orontium L. qobūr (W.)
⎧ 'ambe-bérisch (W.)
⎪ 'anbe-béresch (W.)
Annona squamosa L. ⎨
⎪ chermisch. chirmisch (H.)
⎩ sseférgel-hindi (S.)
Antiaris Challa Schwf. (= challa (H.)

Ficus Challa Schwf.)
Aristolochia bracteata ⎰ la'ja (W.)

Retz. ⎱ lä' (W.)
Artemisia abyssinica rand (M.)

Sz.B.
Artemisia arborescens L. scheger-ábjadd (H.)
Arundo Donax L. hhalāl (U. M.)
Asparagus officinalis L. tssūf-el-hhér (H.)
Asplenium praemorsum ⎰ mschāt-el-choddä' (H.)

Sw. ⎱ nīle (H.)
Astragalus abyssinicus 'onssīf (M.)

St.
B
Balanites aegyptiaca héleg (T.)

Del.
⎰ ahhger (W.)
Batatas edulis Ch.
⎱ gissér (H.)
Barbacenia sp. n. (= ⎰ thalīq (H.)

Xerophyta) ⎱ tssalīq (H.)
Barbacenia sp. qōscham-er-robbáhh (H. W.)

Barbacenia sp. n. ssalī'ch, ssalīq (H.)
⎰ kemb (W.)
Barbeya oleoides Schwf.
⎱ kimb (U.)
Barleria Andersonii ⎰ schachb (U.)

Schwf. ⎱ schéchab (H.)
Barleria argentea Balf. f. glīt (U.)

(= B. yemensis
(Schwf.) Lind.)
Barleria diacantha V. schuchä́ dd, schochä́ dd (W.)
⎰ gerōm (H.)
Barleria trispinosa V.
⎱ schochádd (W.)
Berberis aristata D.C. hhodhūb (M.)

Berchemia yemensis ⎧ chérress (W.)
Defl. ⎪
límmām (H.)
⎨
⎪
⎪ némmam (H.)
⎩
schérress (U.)
Bersama abyssinica ⎰ hhubbä' (H.)

Fres. ⎱ uhhbä' (U. W.)
Bidens pilosa L. hhéssike (H.)

Blastania fimbristipula tarrä'hh (B.)
Ky. Peyr.
chaférab (U.)
⎧
Blepharis edulis Pers.
⎨ sogáf (T. Hodj. H.)
(F.)
⎩
sóghaf (H.)
⎧ chárdal (M. U.)

⎪ chardel (H.)
Boerhavia plumbaginea
⎨
Cav.
⎪ chórrede (M.)
⎩ hhátaf (W.)
Boerhavia repens L. var. rugma, ruqma (H.)

diffusa L.
⎰ thō' (Hodj. W.)

Boscia angustifolia R.
⎱ thū' (W.)
Brassica campestris L. chardal, chordal (M.)

Brassica oleracea L. lehāne (S.)
Breweria oxycarpa H. glīt (U.)
⎰ choschūsch (H.)
Bridelia tomentosa Bl.
⎱ kurscho (W.)
Buddleja polystachya ⎧ afār (M.)

⎨

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