Air 1 QP
Air 1 QP
Air 1 QP
(a) Name two other gases that are in clean dry air.
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Identify three common gaseous pollutants in air and state how each of these pollutants are
produced.
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[6]
[Total: 8]
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2 This question is about compounds of nitrogen.
(a) (i) Describe the Haber Process giving reaction conditions and a chemical equation.
Reference to rate and yield is not required.
1. Pressure is 150-200 atm
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3. Iron is the catalyst
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4. N2 + 3H2 —>2NH3
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5. It is a reversible reaction
(ii) Give one use of ammonia.
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H H
N N
H H
Draw the electron arrangement of a hydrazine molecule. Show the outer shell electrons only.
[2]
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(ii) Complete the chemical equation to show that hydrazine acts as a base when added to
water.
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(d) Nitrogen dioxide is an atmospheric pollutant.
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(ii) Explain how oxides of nitrogen, such as nitrogen dioxide, are formed in car engines.
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[Total: 13]
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3 (a) Polluted air contains two oxides of carbon and two oxides of nitrogen. A major source
of these pollutants is motor vehicles.
(i) Describe how carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are formed in motor vehicle engines.
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(iv) When nitrogen monoxide is released into the atmosphere, nitrogen dioxide, NO2, is formed.
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(b) Predict the possible adverse effect on the environment when this non-metal oxide, NO2, reacts
with water and oxygen.
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(c) How are the amounts of carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide emitted by modern motor
vehicles reduced? Include an equation in your answer.
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[Total: 13]
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4 Three common pollutants in the air are carbon monoxide, the oxides of nitrogen, NO and NO2, and
unburnt hydrocarbons. They are all emitted by motor vehicles.
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(b) Describe how a catalytic converter reduces the emission of these three pollutants.
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(c) Other atmospheric pollutants are lead compounds from leaded petrol.
Explain why lead compounds are harmful.
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[Total: 7]
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5 Air is a mixture of gases. The main constituents are the elements oxygen and nitrogen.
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(b) Common pollutants present in air are the oxides of nitrogen and sulfur dioxide.
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(c) The percentage of oxygen in air can be determined by the following experiment.
The gas syringe contains 50 cm3 of air. The large pile of copper is heated and the air is
passed from one gas syringe to the other over the hot copper. The large pile of copper
turns black. The gas is allowed to cool and its volume measured.
The small pile of copper is heated and the remaining gas passed over the hot copper.
The copper does not turn black. The final volume of gas left in the apparatus is less
than 50 cm3.
(i) Explain why the copper in the large pile turns black.
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(ii) Why must the gas be allowed to cool before its volume is measured?
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(iii) Explain why the copper in the small pile did not turn black.
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(iv) What is the approximate volume of the gas left in the apparatus?
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[Total: 13]
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6 (a) State a use for each of the following gases.
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[Total: 6]
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