Chandragupta Maurya

Total - 24 Bindusara
Patrons litrature - in Prakrit language
Founder of Jainism Bimbisara
Right Knowledge - Samyaka Jnana
Birth - Ayodhya Ajadsatru
Moksh
1st - Rishabhdeva Right Faith - Samyaka Darsana
3 principle
Symbol - Bull
Jain Philosophy Right Conduct - Samyaka Charitra
mentioned in Vedas
Ahinsa - No violence
Mention in Vedas 22nd - Arishtanevi
Satya - Only speak the truth
Birth - Varanasi
5 Vows /
23rd - Parshavnath Asteya - Do not steal
Principle of living
Symbol - Serpent
Brahma - Sexually monogamous
Main founder
Aparigraha - Detach from material things,
Symbol - Lion Wear no cloth people & place

Birth - 540 BC Cahndragupta Maurya & Bhadrabahu went to

Kundgram, Vashali, Bihar Digambar
Shravanbelgola, karnataka

Death / Moksh - 468 BC Sallekhana - death by fasting

Pawapuri, Biharsharif, Bihar Tirthankara Division
Wear white cloth
Father- Siddhartha
Janatakria clan (Kshatirya)
Shwetambar Sthulbhadra

Mother - Trishla Reason - Femine in magadha (303BC)

Wife - Yoshoda 24th - Vardhaman Mahavir

12 Anga compiled
1st - 298 BC,
Daughter - Anonja Priadarshni patranised by Bindusar
Presided by Sthulbhadra
1st Decipal - Jamali
Council
Son-in-law 2nd - Vallabhi, Gujarat

Left home - at 30 years old

Enlightenment / Kaivalya - at 42 years old

Jainism Statue of Gomteshwar / Bahubali -
Shravanbelgola, krnataka
Under a Sal tree, Jambikagram, Rijjupalika river
Hanthigumpha cave -
1st Sermon - Pava Jaina Kharavela, Odisha
Architecture
Also called - Jitendriya & Kevalin (perfectly Udaygiri & Khandgiri -
learned) Odisha
Rock cut Cave Tample
Basadis - Jain Monastery Dilwara Jain Temple -
Rajasthan (Mt. Abu)

Build by - Vastupala brother

 Birth - 623 BC
Lumbini, Nepal
Nalanda- Kumar Gupta I (Bihar)

Death - 483BC
Kesariya - Bihar `largest` University Vikramsila - Dharamapala (Bihar)
Kushinagar

Dhamek - Sarnath, UP Odantpuri - Gopala

Father - Suddhodhana
(Sakya caln)
Ramabhar - Kushinagara, UP Stupa
Mother - Mahamaya
Sanchi - Madhya Pradesh Mahaprajapati gatmi
Chaitya - Prayer place (step mother) (1st bhikkuni)
Borobudur - Indonesia
Vihara - Reside place Wife - Yasodhara
Terms
Dhamma Son - Rahul

Stupa Gautama Budha Left house - at 29 years old

Budhacharitrea - by Asuaghosha
Text in Sanskrit 1st - Alara kalama
Sutta pitaka- Teaching Jataka tales - previous birth of Budha Teacher
2nd - Udraka ramputre
Vinaya pitaka - Monistic rules & codes
Tripitaka Enlightenment - Uruvella, Bodh Gaya
Abhidarma pitaka - Interpretation of Sutta under Bodhi tree, Niranajna river
pitaka Text in Pali
1st Sermon - Sarnath
Millindpanho- Milinda & Nagasena
no idol worship Lotus - Birth / Janma
Hinayana
Use Pali language Horse - House abandon / Mahabhinishkramana
480BC

Idol worship Symbols Bodhi tree - Enlightenment / Nirvana

Ajatshatru 1st - Rajgriha The Truth of Suffering -
World is full of suffring
Wheel - 1st Sermon / Dharmachakrapravartana
Mahakashyapa
Use sanskrit language Mahayana Sects
The Truth of the Cause of Suffering - Stupa - Death
Bodhisattvas Desire
383BC

Tantric buddhism Vajrayana Right View

Kalasoka 2nd - Vaishali

Sabakami Buddhism Right Intention

250BC Council Right Speech

Ashoka 3rd - Patliputra

Philosphy Right Action
The Truth of the End of suffering -
8 fold Path / Ashtangika Marga
Moggliputta Tissa Right Livelihood

72AD Right Effort

Kanishka Right Concentration

Vasumitra 4th - Kashmir Right Mindfulness

Buddhism divided into The Truth of the Path leading to the End of
Mahayana & Hinayana Suffering - Follow
 Munger & Bhagalpur Champa Anga
Either Monarchial or
Rajagir / Patliputra Gaya & Patna Magadha
Republic (Multipal decision maker)
Banaras Varanasi Kasi Total - 16
Republic Janpadh -
Kuru, Kambija, Vajji, Malla, Assaka
Allahabad Kausambi Vatsa

Eastern Uttar Pradesh Sravasti/ Auodhya Kosala

Mahtura Mathura Surasena Sanskrit

Western Uttar Pradesh Ahichchatra & Kampilya Panchala

Mahajanpadas Ashtdhayayi - by Panini
mention of 40 Janpadh

Merrut & S.E. Harayana Indraprastha Kuru Angutaranikaye (16 Mahajnpadas)

Janpadh Mention Buddhist literature
Jaipur Viratnagar Matsya Dighanikaya (12 Mahajnpadas)

Bundelkhand Sothivati / Banda Chedi / Chetiya Jain literature Bhagawati Sutra

Madhya Pradesh & Malwa Ujjain / Mahismati Aavanti

Anga - Karna (Angaraja)
Rawalpindi Taxila Gandhar
Varanasi - Varuna + Assi (rivers)
Rajori & Hajra (Kashmir) Pooncha Kamboj
Facts Ujjain - Kshipra river
Bank of Godawari Pratistha / Paithan / Potana Asmaka
Vajji - combination of 8 Calns
Vaishali Vaishali Vajji (e.g. - jnatrika, Videha, Lichchavi)

Deoria & Uttar Pradesh Kusinara Malla

 defeated Anga

Sister of Prasenjit
Advantageous Position (son of Kaushal king)
Bimbisara Diplomatically -
Rajgriha (surrounded by 5 hills) Chellana (Lichchavi)
(544-492 BC) 3 wives
Capital
Patliputra (situated at the confluence of Reason for Madra Caln (Panjab)
ganga & son)
expention sent his physician Jivaka to Ujjain (suffering
from Jaundice)
Availability of large no. of Elephant
defeated Lichchavi
Great Leaders
Harayanka dinasty
defeated Koshala (married to king’s daughter)

Northern Black Polished Ware Pottery Ajatashatru

killed his father
(son of Chellana)
Panchmarked silver coin - Nishka / satamana
Magadha Empire Patronized 1st Buddhist council

Artisans & merchants - Guilds / Shrenis defeted Vaishali using war engine

Udayin Shifted capital to Patliputra

craft was hereditary
Dynasties Shishunaga defeated Avanti & merged with Magadha
Iron Ploughshare - Agriculture surplus Society Shishunaga dinasty
Kalashoka Patronized 2nd Buddhist council
Bali - compultary Offering to god
Mahapadmananda Ekrath titel (means - empire builder)
Rich Peasants - Gahapatis
Nanda dinasty
Dhanananda Alexandar invaded India (326BC)
Peasants - Pay tax 1/6th of their Poduce
Mouryan dinasty Chandragupta Maurya
Village headman - Bhojaka / Gramini Post

Customs tax collector - Shaulkika /

Shulkadhyaksha
 - defeated Dhanananda with the help of
Chandragupta Maurya belongs to - Kautilya `322BC`
Mudra rakshasa - Vrishal / kulhina (lower clan)
Chandragupta maurya (founder)
king - Raja Puranas - Shudras
Junagarh Rock inscription - Vaishyas - defetated Selecus Nicator `Helena -
daughter`
Secretaries - Amatya
Amitrochates by the Greeks
Territory - Janpada Bindusara
Patronized Ajivikas
Fort - Durga
Saptanga Theory - Origin
7 elements to rule (by Kautilya)
Arthashastra - kautaliya/ Chanakya/ ruled fo 12 years
Treasure - Kosha Vishnugupta Rulers
conqured Kalinga (261BC)
Army - Sena Mudra rakshasa - Vishakhadatta (Gupta
Period) Sources
Ashoka Adopted Buddhism
Friends - Mitra
Indica - Megasthanese (Greek Travelar) replaced Berighosha (Physical Conquest) with
Civil - Dhammagosha (Cultural Conquest)
Dharmasthiya nyayalya - (Vyavaharika) Buddhist litrature - Jataka, Dipavamsa /
2 types of Court Mahavamsa, Divyadama last ruler - Brihadratha (defeted by James Princep - 1st to desipher
Criminal - Pushyamitra sunga)
Kantakashodhan Nayayalaya - (Pradestha)
Prakrit language -
Brahimi & Kharoshthi script
4 varnas administration
3 Languages
Major - 14 Greek language - Greek script
& 4 Scripts
Indica - 7 classes, no slavery Society
Aramaic language - Aramaic script
Women occupied high Position in Army
Devanami Piyadashi -
Rocks Ashoka (devon ka priya)
Tax - 1/4th - 1/6th
Maski - Karnataka
Bali - `no to Lumbani People` Economics
Gujjara - Madhya Pradesh Ashoka mentioned
Bhoga - tax of Agriculture Sannidhata - chief Treasury officer Minor - 15
in these
Brahmagiri
Western - Bharuch, Supara Samharata - Collector general of Revenue
Ports Nittur
East - Tamralipti Gopa - responsible for Account
total - 7
Akshpatala - Accountant General
Mauryan Empire Prakrita language - Brahmi script
Nagarka - responsible for city administration
Pillars Delhi-Topra Pillar edict - only with 7 edict
Sitadhakhsha - responsible for Agriculture
Ashokan Edicts Lauriya Aaraj (Bihar)
Samshthadhyaksha - responsible for Market Officers Lauriya Nandagarh (Bihar)
Navadhyksha - responsible for Ships
Bull - Parliament
Shulkadhayaksha - responsible for Toll tax
Capital Elephant
Dhamma Mahametra - to check Dhamma is
being followed or not (by Ashoka) Lion - Vaishali

Municipal administration - (6 committee - Barabar hill caves - Bihar

5member each) (by Ashoka for Buddhist)
according to Megasthenese
Army - (6 committee - 5member each) Lomas Rishi cave - Bihar

Nagarjuni cave - Bihar

(by Dasrtha Marya)
 Pushyamitra Sunga (founder)
also called - Yuezhis / Tocharians
capital - Vidisha (Madhya Pradesh)
capital - Peshavar then Mathura
follow Hinduism
sons of gods, king of kings
patronized Buddhism - Barhut stupa (Madhya
Pradesh)
Kadphises - 1st dinasty
Sunga Dynasty son - Agnimitra
most powerful ruler - kanishka
(2nd Ashoka) 185BC - 73BC
Malvikagnimitra - story of love of Agnimitra &
Malvika (by Kalidas)
Patronised 4th Buddhism council (Mahayana)

Purest form of gold coins Mahabhasya - (by Patanjali)

controlled Silk Roote Devbhuti (last ruler) killed by - Vasudev

Pottery - Red Ware

Kanva dynasty
Impact in India society
Kushans 73BC - 28BC Presant day - Maharashtra

introduce - Horceman technique, 1st - 3rd century AD Capital - Paithan / Pratisthan

Turban, Sherwani
Vasudeva (founber) Simuka Satvahana (founder)
Kshatrapa system - Military Governership
(stratequs by greeks) capital - Patliputra
Polity started - Lead coins

Worship Shiva & Buddha

GautmiPutra Satkarni defeted Ksatrap Nahapina
(greatest ruler) (rular of Saka)
Buddhacharitra - Ashvaghosha
embraced Brahmanism
Mahavetre & Divyadana Literature
Satvahana dynasty Patriarchial and Matrilineal
Kamasutra - Vatsayana 60BC - 225AD
started the Practice to donating the land (to
Medicine - Chanaksamhita bhramans & Buddhist monks)
(by Charak)
Science
Post Mauryan
Parthiyan Many Chityas, Viharas were cut out from rock
Sushruta - father of Surgery Empirer
Ajanta & Ellora caves built
after Saka
Stupa - Amravati & Nagarjunakonda (Andhra
Junagarh Rock Inscription known as Girnar Pradesh)
(Gujrat)
Rudradaman I Kshatrapa Prakrit language
Repaired Sudarshan lake - constructed by
Pushayagupta Vaisya (in Mauryan dynasty)
1st to cross Hindu kush - Greeks

Invasions from Most famous ruler - Milindapanho -

one of the branches settled over western part Meader / Milinda question by Nagasena to buddhist monk
of India that ruled 5 Branches Central India
(until 4th century AD)
gold coin
Sakas dynasty
started Vikram Samvat (Seythians) 1st to introduced coins attributed to king
(followed by Hindus) (In 57 BC)
Vikramiditya Parmar defeated Saka Hellinstic art - gandhara art
Capital - Ujjain (Norhten west)
 total - 3 sangam

ruling in - Tamil Nadu Patronised by Pandyas

capital - Madurai held at - Muchangam

(bank of Vaigai) (Tamil region)

Emblem - Fish
Sangam 1st - Madurai - (Agastasya)

1st mention - Megasthenese 2nd - Kapadapuram Grammatical Tamil text -

(Tolkappiyar) Tolkappiyam
famous for Pearls Pandaya
3rd - Madurai - (Nakkirar)
treaded with Romans collectively called Melkannakku
Narrative
(story)
Ports - Korkai 8 major work
forms of
litrature collectively called Kilkanakku
Ruling class - Arasar Didactic
known as Cholmandalam (poetic) 18 minor work -
Rich Peasant - Vellalar Society about Akam (love) & Puram (war)
Between Pennar & Velar river
Lowest class - Kadaisiyar Story of Kovalam, Kannagi (wife) & Madhavi
NE to Pandayas
Litrature (dasi & lover)
Silapathikam
(by Ilango Adigal)
Capital - Uraiyur & Puhar Kannagi - goddess of Purity &
(known as Kaveripattanam) Chastity in kerala
(Port city)
Chola Manimegalai about the daughter of
Traded in Cotton colth (by Sattonar) Kavalam & Madhavi

Earliest ruler - Elara ruling in - Kerala, Tamil nadu each has chief - Muvendar

Greatest ruler - Karikala capital - vanjji / Vanchi Kurinci - hunting & gattering
(Battle of Vanni)
Port - Muzris & Tondi Sangama Age Palai - Cattal lifting & Plundering
Emblem - Tiger Thinais - Geographical Area
Augustus temple - Muzris (Total - 5)
Mullai - Animal Husbandary

connection with Romans Chera Marutam - agriculture

Emblem - Bow & Arrow Naytal - Fishing & Salt manufecture

Geography
Greatest chera - Senguttuvan Bindusara - conqueror of land
(Red chera) between 2 seas

Worship - Kannagi Ashoka inscription -

(goddess of Chastity) KaralaPutras (Chera), Satyaputras, Chola,
Pandya, Tamraparni (People of Sri lanka)
 Title - Maharajadhiraja

Wife - Kumaradevi
(Lichhvi princess)
Gupta / Chandragupta 1 story of Ramgupta (brother) 1st to copper coin

Sri Gupta 319AD - 334AD Started Gupta era Dhruvadevi (brother’s wife)
successfully resisted Hunas (320AD)
killed Saka Invader
Title - Vikramaditya founder Gold coins - Dinars
(most no. of coins) highest Watermark (ruled largest terrietory)
Bhuktis - under the charge of Uparika Greatest king of dynasty
Ghatotkach (son)
(divided into districts)
formed matrimonial alliance - married
Empire never defeated Prabhavati Gupta (daughter) with Rudrasena 2
Vishayas - under the charge of Vishayapati
(Decentralized administration) (Vakataka Prince)
Prayaga Prasasti -
Vithis - under the charge of Nagarpati Record of
Allahabad Pillar inscription
his reign in 1st to start silver coin (after defeating Sakas)
(by Harisena)
Villages - under the charge of Gramika
Mehrauli (Iron pillar inscription)
Kumarmatya - provincial officer Samundragupta Napolean of India
(by V A Smith)
Mahadanda Nayaka - officer responsible for
335AD - 380AD Amarsimha
Officer
punishment Title - Kaviraja, Param Bhagvat,
Dhanvantri
Sarva-raj-ochchetta (uprooter of all kings)
Sandhivigrahika - officer of War & Justice
Harisena
Playing Veena of coin
Senabhakti - villagers have to fed Army
passing through that village Kalidas (Shakespeare of India)
performed ashwamadha Yajna
Bhaga - 1/6th of the production
Administration
Skandagupta Navratnas Kahapanaka

Bhoga - periodic supplies of fruits, flowers 455AD - 461AD Chandragupta 2

Sanku
etc. to king 380AD - 414AD
Bali Taxes Varahamihira

Uparikara - extra tax Vararuchi

Vishti - forced labour Vetalbhatta

Varah - Avatar of Lord Vishnu

Title - Vikramaditya
(a great boar)
ldol of Varah protecting Fa-Hein (1st chinese traveller)
Built by - Chandragupta 2
Goddess Earth
in Udaygiri, MP. Abhjyan Shakuntalam
Kumargupta 1
Dasavatara Temple 415AD - 455AD Malvukagnimitra
(Jhansi, UP)
Culture
Gupta Era
Raghuvamsa
dedicated to Lord Krishna Bhitargaon Temple
(Kanpur, UP)
310AD - 540AD attacks by Hunas books of kalidas
Meghaduta
known as - Oldest Brisk Temple `from central Asia`

Source - Bhitari Pillar inscription bult Nalanda University Kumar Sambhavam

Ritusamjara

love story of
Chardatta & Vasantasena
Mrichichkatika (by Sudraka)
known as - The little clay art
 Simha Vishnu (founder)
Dantidurga (founder)

capital - Kanchipuram
capital - Manyakheta

Greatest ruler - Mahendravarman I

Krishna 1 built - Kailasha temple at Ellora (monolithic
Rashtrakutas (son of Dantidurga) stone temple)
son of Mahendravarman I Pallavas
Jayasimha (founder)
Naramsimhavarman I Amoghavarsha
defeated Pulkeshin II convert to Jainism
(630AD - 668AD) (814AD - 878AD)
capital - Vatapi
title - Vatapokonda
Most powerful ruler
Shore temple, Mahabalipuram Architecture
Elder son - Kirtivarman (died) Pushyabhuti (founder) in Thaneswar, Haryana
Pulkeshin I
Mangalesh (brother) become king
(543AD - 566AD) Rajyashri (daughter),
Prabhakar Vardhan
Rajyavardhana (eldest son) & Harshvardhana
Younger son - Pulkeshin II Badami Chalukya (son of Pushyabhuti)
(youngest son)
(killed Mangalesh)

Greatest of his dynasty Harshavardhana

(606AD - 647AD)
defeated Harshavardhana
capital - Kannauj
defeated Mahendravarman I
(Pallava ruller)
defeated Dhruvasena II
(ruler of Vallabhi, Gujarat)
was defeated by Narasimhavarman I Pulkeshin II
(son of Mahendravarman) (610AD - 642AD)
Post Gupta Era defeated Pulkasin 2 (Chalukyan king) on bank
of Narmada river
title - vatapikonda
(conqueror of Vatapi)
was a Shaivite
Aihore Pillar inscription - Pushyabhuti /
about Pulakeshin II (by Ravikriti) Chalukyas Vardhana Dynasty Title - Sakalottarapathanatha
(land of North India)
Western Chalukya (by Chalukyan incription)

Eastern Chalukya Traveller - Hiuen-Tsang / Xuang-Zang (1400yrs

ago)
Vesara style Nagara + Dravida
patronized Buddhist religion
Ravana phadi caves, Aihole
Kannauj - to honour Hiuen-Tsang
Ladh khan temple, Aihole
Assemblies organised
Prayag - organised every 3yrs
Durga temple (confluence of Ganga, Yamuna, Saraswati)
made on Apsidal Plane
Ratnavali
Huchimaligudi temple, Ailhole Chalukyan Architecture
Nagananda
Pattadakal temple
total 10 temple books Priyadardhika

Virupaksha temple Harshacharitra (biography)

dravida style by Banabhatta

Banameshwar temple Kadambari

dravida styel by Banabhatta