Chemistry Investigatory Project 2024-25 Sterilization of Water

Chemistry Investigatory
Project 2024-25
STERILIZATION OF WATER WITH BLEACHING POWDER
BY KETAN JANGLE 12 TH B
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my gratitude towards my teachers as well as
our respected Principal Ma’am who provided me with this
wonderful opportunity to work on this investigatory project on the
topic “Sterilization of water with bleaching powder”.
This project helped me in doing a lot of research and I also learned

a lot of new information.
Secondly, I would like to thank my family and friends who helped

me to complete this project in the given time frame.
Certificate
This is to certify that Ketan Jangle of class 12th B during the academic year 2024-25 in SNBP International
School, Rahatani has successfully completed the given investigatory project of chemistry subject on the topic
“Sterilization of water with bleaching powder” and has given a satisfactory account of it in this report file
containing a record of his work
Submission date:- Signature of internal examiner:-
Grade:-
Signature of external examiner:-

Index
Sr. No. Topic Page
1. Introduction 5
-Need of water
-Purification of water
-Need for a stable purification water process
2. Theory 7
-Preparation of bleaching powder
3. Experiment 8
4. Observations 10
5. Result 12
6. Bibliography 13
7. Thank you 14
Introduction
Clean water
Water is the most constituent of all living beings . Water is necessary to sustain all types of life. The water
used for drinking by human beings should fulfil these conditions
1. It should be colourless
2. It should not possess any smell
3. It should not contain any harmful salts like nitrates, nitrites, mercury salts, lead salts
4. It should not contain any living organisms like bacteria, fungi, algae, etc.
Purification of water
There are many methods for purifying water. Some of them are:
1. Boiling
2. Filtration
3. Bleaching powder treatment
The first 2 methods are majorly common in households. But both of them cannot be used on a large scale
basis.
Out of the 3 methods bleaching powder treatment is the best method as it is economically feasible and
can be used on a large scale basis.
Need for a stable purification technique

We need a purification method which will be economically feasible and can be used on a large scale basis
with minimal wastage of water.
Hence we look at the method of purification of water using bleaching powder treatment commonly
known as chlorination.
Theory
The chemical formula of bleaching powder is CaOCl2
Bleaching powder is prepared by passing dry chlorine gas over dry slaked lime.
The reaction being:-
2Ca(OH)2 + 2Cl2 CaOCl2 + CaCl2 + 2H2O
Calcium hydroxide(slaked lime) reacts with dry chlorine gas and gives bleaching powder, calcium chloride
and water.
Chemical action of bleaching powder on germs is due to chlorine which becomes available when it is
added to water
CaOCl2 + H2O Ca(OH)2 + Cl2
Experiment
Aim:- Determination of the dosage of bleaching powder required for sterilization or disinfection of
different samples of water.
Requirements:- Burette, titration flask, 100 ml graduated cylinder, 250 ml measuring flask, weight box,
glazed tile, glass wool, bleaching powder, 0.1 N Na2S2O3 solution, 10% KI solution, different samples of
water, starch solution.
Theory:-
1. A bleaching powder solution is prepared using known mass and known concentration. The solution
contains dissolved chlorine due to action of bleaching powder with water.
CaOCl2 + H2O Ca(OH)2 + Cl2
2. The amount of chlorine present in the solution is determined by treating a known volume of the
solution with excess of 10% potassium iodide solution, when equivalent amount of iodine is liberated.
The iodine liberated is then estimated by titrating it against a standard solution of sodium
thiosulphate, using starch solution as indicator. Cl2 + 2KI 2KCl + 2NaI
I2 + 2Na2S2O3 Na2S4O6 + 2NaI
3. A known volume of one of the given samples of water is treated with a known volume of bleaching
powder solution. The amount of residual chlorine is determined by adding excess potassium iodide
solution and then titrating against standard sodium thiosulphate solution.
4. From the readings in 2 and 3, the amount of chlorine and hence bleaching powder required for the
disinfection of a given volume of the given sample of water can be calculated.
Procedure:-
1. Preparation of bleaching powder solution- weigh accurately 2.5g of the given sample and transfer it to a
250 ml conical flask. Add about 100-150 ml of distilled water. Stopper the flask and shake vigorously.
Filter the obtained suspension with glass wool, filtrate is diluted with water to make the volume 250 ml.
The solution obtained is 1% bleaching powder solution
2. Take 20 ml of the solution in a stoppered conical flask and add to it 20 ml of 10% KI solution. Stopper the
flask and shake it vigorously. Titrate the solution against 0.1N Na2S2O3 solution taken in the burette.
When the solution in the flask turns light yellow in colour, add 2 ml of starch solution. The solution now
becomes blue in colour, continue the titrating until the blue colour disappears. Repeat the titration to get
a set of 3 concordant readings.
3. Take 100 ml of a water sample in a 250 ml stoppered conical flask and add 10 ml of bleaching powder
solution to it, then add 20 ml of KI solution and stopper the flask and shake vigorously; titrate against
0.1N Na2S2O3 solution using starch solution as indicator as described in step 2.
4. Repeat step 3 with other samples of water and record the observations.
Observations
Weight of the bleaching powder dissolved to prepare 250ml solution = 2.5g
Titration 1: Tank water:- 100 ml water sample, 20 ml bleaching powder solution, 20 ml KI solution.
Sr. No. Initial (ml) Final (ml) Na2S2O3 used (ml)
1 15.1 25.2 10.1 Concordant volume = 10.1 ml
2 25.2 35.2 10.0
3 35.2 45.4 10.2
Titration 2: River water:- 100 ml water sample, 20 ml bleaching powder solution, 20 ml KI solution.
Sr. No. Initial (ml) Final (ml) Na2S2O3 used (ml)
1 7.2 12.1 4.9 Concordant volume = 4.8 ml
2 12.1 16.9 4.8
3 16.9 21.9 4.7
Calculations:-
Sample 1 - Tank water
Amount of bleaching powder used to disinfect 100 ml of tap water = (8.2-10.1) ml of 0.1N Na2S2O3 solution
= 1.9 ml of 0.1N Na2S2O3 solution
Since 250 ml of bleaching powder solution contains 2.5g bleaching powder
Thus, 1 ml of bleaching powder solution contains bleaching powder = 2.5 / 250 = 0.01g
Also, 20ml of bleaching powder solution = 8.2ml of 0.1N of Na2S2O3
So 1 ml of Na2S2O3 solution = 20 / 8.2 ml of bleaching powder solution
Volume of bleaching powder solution used to disinfect 100ml of water = 1.9 x 20 / 8.2 ml
1.9 x 20/8.2 ml. of bleaching powder solution =1.9 x 20 x 0.01 / 8.2 (gm) Bleaching Powder
Amount of bleaching powder used to disinfect 1 litre of water = 1.9 x 20 x 0.01 x 1000 / 8.2 x 100
= 0.4634g
Sample 2 - River water

Amount of bleaching powder used to disinfect 100ml of water = (8.2 – 4.8) ml of 0.1N Na2S2O3 solution
= 3.4ml
Accordingly,
Volume of CaOCl2 solution required to disinfect 1 litre of water = 3.4 x 20 x 0.01 x 1000 / 8.2 x 100
= 0.8293 g
Result
Amount of the given sample of bleaching powder required to disinfect one litre of water:
Sample 1 – Tank water = 0.4634g
Sample 2 – River water = 0.8293g
Bibliography
I have taken help from the following books and websites –
1. Comprehensive practical chemistry class XII

2. www.google.com
3. www.Wikipedia.com
4. http://www.images.google.com/
Thank You

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Chemistry Investigatory

This project helped me in doing a lot of research and I also learned

Secondly, I would like to thank my family and friends who helped

Submission date:- Signature of internal examiner:-

Signature of external examiner:-

Need for a stable purification technique

Sample 2 - River water

1. Comprehensive practical chemistry class XII

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