TEODORO M.

LUANSING COLLEGE OF ROSARIO THREE MAIN TRAITS UNDERSCORING FILIPINO

BS CRIMINOLOGY VALUES
CHARACTER FORMATION 1 AND 2 REVIEWER 1. Personalism- Filipinos valued interpersonal
relationships.
CHARACTER FORMATION - The term character was 2. Familialism- Filipinos are family oriented
derived from the Greek word “charassein,” which 3. Particularism- Displayed behavior by the
means “an engraving instrument.” individuals, whether good or bad, is blamed on the
family.
Character - (trademark of being a person) sometimes Values Orientation- is the approach that may
called personality. -the process by which an individual, influence work or social relationships by persons
through the interaction of biologically transmitted relating to objects, events, or ideas.
predispositions with the environment, develops stable
functioning, thinking, and feeling patterns. Three Main Obligations Underlying Filipino Value
-Also known as Character Building. Orientation
1. Pakikiramay- Going out of the way to help, without
TOP TRAITS AND ATTITUDES OF FILIPINO being asked. Ex. unsolicited help.
1. Hospitality - Filipinos can be expected to extend a 2. Pakikisama- (smooth interpersonal relations)
very warm welcome to their guests regardless of 3. Bayanihan- Filipinos are able to render services and
where they come from, how well they know their are generous enough to extend help without
host, and why they’re visiting someone’s home. compensation.
2. Respect - Filipinos have high regard for their 4. Galang (Respect) –Filipinos are oriented to revere
elderly, including their parents and other people. the opinions of elders, peers, or those in authority,
a. Po and Opo during important discussions during social encounters.
b. Pagmamano
3. Strong Family Ties and Religions- Filipinos value Nationalism- is an ideology and movement defined by
their families so much that they tend to keep families promoting the interests of a particular nation, in
intact through generations. particular with the aim of acquiring and maintaining
4. Generosity and Helpfulness the nation’s sovereignty over its country of origin
5. Strong Work Ethics (Smith, 2010)
6. Loving and Caring - Aims to build and maintain a single national identity,
based on shared social characteristics such as culture,
NEGATIVE TRAITS OF FILIPINOS language, religion, politics, history, beliefs and to
1. Fatalism- An attitude of “What Goes Around Comes promote national unity or solidarity. (Yack, 2012)
Around.” /”Bahala na”
2. Maňana Habit- Procrastination
3. Crab Mentality- Push each other down. Types of Nationalism
4. Hypocrisy- Pretends to hold beliefs or whose 1. Ethnic Nationalism (Ethnonationalism)- the
actions are not consistent with their claimed beliefs. country is described from prior generations in terms
5. Ningas Cogon-very good at the start when doing of ethnicity and descent. It also involves the concept
something and becomes too lazy to finish what were of a shared culture among group members, and
started. generally a shared knowledge.
6. Tardiness- Filipino time 2. Civic Nationalism (Civil Nationalism)- the stated
7. Gossiping-talking about others’ business derives political legitimacy from its citizens “active
8. Blaming involvement and the extent to which it reflects the
9. Selfishness- being insensitive to others “will of individuals.”.
10. Disobedience to Simple Rules and Regulations 3. Expansionist Nationalism- a radical form of
11. Attention Taker imperialism that includes independent, patriotic
12. Being Onion-skinned- Too sensitive. feelings with a faith in expansionism, generally
13. Living beyond their needs – Social Climbing through military aggression.
14. Passivity – Lack of leadership. 4. Romantic Nationalism- otherwise known as
organic nationalism and identity nationalism. It is the
form of ethnic nationalism in which the state derives
political legitimacy as a result and expression of the 1. Personal Patriotism- is emotional and voluntary.
nation’s natural. The patriot adheres to certain patriotic values such as
5. Cultural Nationalism- the country is described by respect for the flag or the honoring of veterans.
shared culture not solely civic or ethnic. 2. Official Patriotism- Promoted by the government
6. Third World Nationalism- Nationalist feelings are which has a high symbolic and ceremonial content.
the outcome of opposition to colonial rule to survive 3. Symbolic Patriotism – In wartime is intended to
and maintain a domestic identity. raise morale, in turn contributing to the war effort.
7. Liberal Nationalism- a kind of nationalism lately 4. Peacetime Patriotism- cannot be so easily linked to
defended by political philosophers who think that a a measurable gain for the state, but the patriot does
non-xenophobic form of nationalism compatible with not see it as inferior.
liberal values of liberty, tolerance, equality and
individual rights can exist. DIFFERENCES OF NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM
8. Religious Nationalism- Nationalism’s connection to  According to Sydney J. Harris, the patriot is
a specific religious faith, church of affiliation. -shared proud of his nation for what it does, and the
religion contributes to a sense of domestic unity and nationalist is proud of his nation whatever it
mutual bond between the nation’s people. does.
9. Pan-Nationalism- Ethnic or cultural nationalism  Patriotism feelings are based on the country’s
refers to a country that is itself a cluster of associated positive values-like liberty, justice, and
ethnic and cultural communities. equality.
10. Diaspora Nationalism- Diaspora is an ethic  Nationalism emotions are based on the belief
population residing outside their traditional that one’s nation is superior to all others.
homelands. 11. Stateless Nationalism- On nationalist
basis, an ethnic or cultural minority within a nation- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF FILIPINO
state aims independence. NATIONALISM
12. National Conservatism- a political term, mainly  The Philippines had been split into various
used in Europe, to describe a version of conservatism principalities known as “barangays” in the
that focuses more on domestic interests than years before the 11th century, a name
conventional conservatism, while not being unduly originating from Malayan Ships called
nationalist or pursuing a far-right agenda. “balangays.”
13. Revolutionary Nationalism- an ideological theory  Datus, Rajahs or Sultans governed the
calling for a domestic group united by a shared sense barangay.
of intent and destiny, also known as radical  In 1565, Miguel Lopez De Legazpi arrived from
nationalism. Mexico and established the first European
14. Left-Wing Nationalism – also sometimes referred Colonies in Cebu, European colonization
to as socialist nationalism, relates to any political started in earnest.
movement combining left-wing socialism with  “Filipino” referred to the Philippines (Spanish
nationalism. Criollos).
 Peninsulares- Spanish-born Spaniards or
Patriotism – patriotism or national pride is a sense of Philippine-based continental Spaniards.
love, dedication and attachment to a country and an  Insulares -spaniards born in the Philippines
alliance with other people who share the same  Mestizo- those person of mixed race
impression. (Spaniard and Indian)
 Principalia or Noble class – was the ruling and
KINDS OF PATRIOTISM usually educated upper class in the pueblos of
1. Patriotism of Duty- fidelity to one’s nation through the Spanish Philippines, comprising the
materials acts. This is military service patriotism and Gobernadorcillo (functions are similar to
other selfless sacrifices types. town mayor/alcalde mayor), Cabezas de
2. Patriotism of Affection- patriotism of the heart. Barangay (heads of the barangay/barangay
3. Patriotism of Manners- This is customs patriotism, captain).
written, and unwritten. Establishes mostly a set of  Indio- means native or locals. In the case of
protocols. Philippines, indios was the term used by the
Spaniards to refer to the brown-skinned
TYPES OF PATRIOTISM
 inhabitants of the islands during the colonial Two types of Priests
period. 1. Regular Priest/Friar Curates- they belong to specific
 Three Significant Factors contributing to the religious orders like Dominicans, Jesuits, Augustinians,
rise of Filipino Nationalism during Spanish Franciscans, and Recollects. Only Spanish priest can be
period includes economy, education, and a regular priest.
secularization. 2. Secular Priests/Parish Priests- these priests were
 The first manifestation of Philippine not religious orders and were under the archbishop’s
Nationalism followed in the 1880s and 1890s oversight.
with a reform or propaganda movement
carried out both in Spain and in the 1565- Religious orders took control of the parishes in
Philippines with the aim of Propagandizing” the Philippines these are the Augustinians, Recollects,
the circumstances of the Philippines in the Dominican, and Franciscan.
hopes that the social, political, and financial
life of the Philippines would be changes by Father Pedro Pelaez (1862)- Exposes the
peaceful means. discrimination of Filipino clergy and the racial and
national conflict with the friars.
FILIPINO NATIONAL IDENTITY BASED IN PART ON 19th century- Majority of the Filipino Priest were
OUR INDIGENOUS VALUES qualified as Secular Priests.
1. Pagsasarili (self-reliance)
2. Pakikisama (equitable sharing and partnership) Gov.General Carlos Maria de la Torre y Nava
3. Pagkabayani (patriotism) Cerrada- He was the one who boost and inspired the
4. Pagkakaisa (national unity, national consensus,and secularization movement and leads a Liberal Regime
discipline) in Spain.
5. Pakikitungo (consideration) Rafael De Laquierdo (1870-73)- Governor General of
6. Pakikipagkapwa-tao (human solidarity) the Spanish Republic who is an autocratic and
7. Pagkakapantay-pantay (equality and equity) oppressive rule.
- He restores old order and repealed the
exemption of the Filipino’s from Polo y Servicio and
Philippine Symbols that promote Nationalism tribute (tax) that the Cavite workers had been
1. The Philippine Flag enjoying.
2. Coat of arms of the Philippines Polo y Servicio- force labor of Filipino men in 1580.
3. Lupang Hinirang (Chosen Land)-The Philippine January 20, 1872 – two hundred Filipino troops and
National Anthem. employees, led by Sgt. Fernando La Madrid, who took
4. Sampaguita (Jasminum Sambac)- national flower; control of the Spanish arsenal in Cavite, mutinied
symbolizing purity and simplicity. against Spaniards.
5. Narra (Pterocarpus) – national tree also known as -Gov. Laquierdo sent troops forthwith to quench the
Rosewood. rebellion were ring leaders got murdered and
6. Philippine Eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi)- national prosecuted by La Madrid and accusing GOMBURZA as
bird. 7. Dr.Jose P. Rizal- national hero the Rebellion’s mastermind.
8. Carińosa- national dance Francisco Zaldua – a Bicolano soldier who testified
9. Carabao (water buffalo)- national animal against the GOMBURZA.
10. Bangus (milk fish)- national fish 11. Mango- February 17, 1872- The day of execution of the three
national fruit priests at Luneta (Bagumbayan).
12. Barong – national or clothing for men. Baro’t Saya- GOMBURZA- refers to the three martyrs.
for women. Father Mariano Gomez- Chinese-Filipino born in
13. “Bayan Ko” and Pilipinas Kong Mahal”- national Cavite who held the most senior position of the three
songs as Archbishop’s Vicar in Cavite. -involved in the issue
14. Arnis – national sports. of secularization.
15. Anahaw (Livistona rotundifolia)- national plant Father Jose Burgos- was of Spanish descent, born in
16. Nipa hut- national house the Philippines. He is a parish priest of Manila and
Cathedral and had been known to be close to the
liberal Gov. General de la Torre. -involved in the issue
of secularization.
Father Jacinto Zamora- was also a Spanish, born in EL FILIBUSTERISMO (The Reign of Greed) – written by
the Philippines. He was the parish priest of Marikina Rizal in dedication to the three martyred priests
and was known to be unfriendly. -victim of mistaken GOMBURZA.
identity since the warrant of arrest was addressed to a Josephine Bracken – wife of Rizal.
certain Jose Zamora. 1896 – rizal got arrested for allegedly being connected
Garrote- Is an execution technique previously with revolution. He was imprisoned in Fort Santiago
practiced in Spain where a tightened iron collar is for sedition, rebellion, and illegal association.
used to strangle or break a convicted person’s neck. MI ULTIMO ADIOS (Ang Huling Paalam)- the last
poem written by Rizal revealing his strong nationalism
THE IMPORTANCE OF 1872 GOMBURZA EXECUTION and unwavering love for his country.
It is considered as the beginning of Filipino
Nationalism in the Philippine history because the GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA-born in Jaro, IloIlo on
three priests were innocent yet accepted the brutal December 18, 1856.
punishment for the nation -started the campaign for freedom in 1874 by writing
“Fray Botod” (La hija de fraile) means “Big-Bellied
PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT Friar.”
-also known as Junta De Propaganda, Cuerpo de “Fray Botod”- revealed the gluttony, indolence, and
Compromisarios and La Solidaridad, was founded in greediness of friars.
19th Century by illustrados. -first editor of La Solidaridad.
-to improve the lives of indios thru reforms or changes -his pen name was Diego Laura.
implemented in the colony. - “Prince of Filipino Orators” and “the Great Orator
- founders were Dr. Pedro Paterno and Gregorio of the Reform Movement.”
Sanciangco, Doctors of law who laid the foundation of
the movement in Madrid. MARCELO H. DEL PILAR- greatest journalist of Reform
PROPAGANDA- refers to the systematic efforts to Movement.
spread opinion and beliefs by means of pen and -born on August 30, 1850 in San Nicolas,
tongue. -literally means the propagation of a given Bulacan,Bulacan.
opinion -married his second cousin Marciana del Pilar.
-co-founder of the first bilingual newspaper in the
GOALS OF PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT Philippines, “Diariong Tagalog.”
1. To make the Philippines the province of Spain.
2. Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes ANDRES BONIFACIO- “Supremo ng Katipunan” (Ama
(legislative branch in Spanish government) ng Katipunan/Himagsikan)
3. Equality between Spaniards and Filipino -his pen name was Agapito Bagumbayan.
4. Secularization or granting Filipino priest the right to - prepared the decalogue to serve as guide for
hold parishes. katipuneros “Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng
5. Gaining freedom of speech, expression, and Bayan.”
assembly.
EMILIO JACINTO- “Brain of Katipunan”
THREE LEADING REFORMISTS IN THE 19TH CENTURY -born on December 15, 1875 in Trozo,Manila.
1. Dr. Jose P. Rizal -joined the Katipunan in 1894 under the name of
2. Graciano Lopez Jaena Pingkian.
3. Marcelo H. Del Pilar - wrote the Kartilya ng Katipunan (served as moral and
ethical guide for Katipuneros.
DR. JOSE P. RIZAL – regarded as the conscience of the -he wrote as well Liwanag at Dilim and La Patria.
movement and the most prolific writer among the - editor in chief of KALAYAAN (official newspaper of
Propagandists. Katipunan)
-used pen names Dimasalang and Laong laan -died due to Malaria on April 6, 1899 in Sta. Cruz,
- Father of Philippine Nationalism. Laguna.
-born on June 19, 1861 in Calamba, Laguna. KKK- Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangan ng
Sa aking kababata- the first poem written by Rizal. Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan)
Noli Me Tangere(Touch me not)-novel about social -founded on July 7, 1892 same day that news about
reality in the Philippines in 19th century. Rizal’s exile to Dapitan.
Deodato Arellano- first president of KKK
Roman Basa- second president of KKK DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SEX AND GENDER
Andres Bonifacio – third president of KKK SEX- male or female only
KATIPUNEROS- refers to the sons of the people, used GENDER- refers to the specific set of characteristics
triangle method to recruit members, where every that identifies the social behavior of women and men.
member should recruit two new members who would
only know each other after passing the initiation rites. FACTORS AFFECTING GENDER ROLES/IDENTITY
1. Race- major divisions of humankind
RELATED PHILIPPINE LAWS THAT PROMOTE 2. Ethnicity- belonging to a social group
NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM 3. Social Class-based on socio-economic status.
1. 1987 Philippine Constitution 4. Religion-faith and worship
2. RA 10086- The Philippine Cultural Heritage Act of 5. Geographical Region-demarcated area of the Earth.
2010.
3. RA 8044- an act Creating National Youth COMMON MYTHS ABOUT GENDER
Commission. 1. Father is considered as “under the saya”
4. RA 1425- An act including the Life's and Works of 2. Men are better leaders and administrators than
Rizal in Curricula. women
5. RA 10390 – An act Revitalizing the People’s 3. The Mother should be the only one responsible for
television Network, Incorporated. child-rearing and parenting.
6. RA 9512- The National Environmental Awareness
and Education Act of 2008. TERMS RELATED TO GENDER
1. Socialization- is the process by which social norms,
GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT roles and expectations are learned and internalized.
-Development perspective and process that is 2. Gender Socialization- is the process by which
participatory and empowering, equitable, sustainable, norms and expectations in relation to gender are
free from violence, respectful of human rights, learned by men and women.
supportive of self-determination and actualization of 3. Gender Stereotype – a form of prejudgment, bias,
human potential or limitation given to roles and expectations of males
-GAD focuses on the principle that development is for and females.
all. 4. Gender Equality- given men and women
entitlement in all aspects of human development
GAD RELATED LAWS AND ISSUANCES IN THE 5. Gender Inequality- Unequal treatment or
PHILIPPINES perceptions of individual based on their gender.
1. Philippine Plan for Gender Development (1995-
2025)- EO No. 273 AREAS OR CHANNEL OF SOCIALIZATION
2. RA 9170 –Magna Carta for Women A. Family- group of people related either by
3. Memorandum Circular No. 2011-01- consanguinity (by birth), affinity (by marriage),
Institutionalizing of the Gender and Development or co-residence.
Focal Point system (GFPS) 2 Types of Family
4. RA 7877- Anti-sexual Harassment Act of 1995. 1. Immediate Family- include spouses, parents,
5. Ra 9262 – Anti-Violence Against Women and Child brothers, sisters, sons, daughters
6. RA 7192- Women and Development and Nation 2. Extended Family- grandparents, aunts, uncles,
Building Act cousins, nephews, nieces and siblings-in-law.
7. Memorandum Circular No. 48 series of 2013-
Directing all concerned agencies to adopt the Gender GENERAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF FAMILY
Equality Guidelines in the development of their STRUCTURES
respective Media Policies and Implementing Programs 1. Matrifocal family-women have the resources to
in order to promote gender mainstreaming. rear their children by themselves.
8. RA 10354- Reproductive Health Law of 2012 2. Patriarchal Family-father is considered as the head
9. 1987 Philippine Constitution (Art. II sec.14)- The of household. Also known as father centered family
state recognizes the role of women in nation building or father dominated family.
and shall promote the FUNDAMENTAL EQUALITY
before the law of women and men.
3. Conjugal Family/ Nuclear Family- includes only the CLASSIFICATION OF FILIPINO CITIZEN (Article IV of
husband, the wife and unmarried children who are 1987 Phil. Constitution
not of age. Section 1. The following are citizens of the Philippines:
4. Avuncular Family- family composed of a [1] Those who are citizens of the Philippines at
grandparent, a brother, his sister and her children. the time of the adoption of this Constitution;
5. Childless Family- sometime called forgotten family. [2] Those whose fathers or mothers are
Consist of husband and wife living and working citizens of the Philippines;
together. [3] Those born before January 17, 1973, of
6. Extended Family- family extends beyond nuclear Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon
family including grandparents, aunts, uncles and other reaching the age of majority; and
relatives, who all live nearby or in one household. [4] Those who are naturalized in accordance
7. Family of Choice/Chosen Family- common within with law.
the LGBTQ community. NATURALIZATION- is an act formally adopting a
–refers to the group of people in an individual’s life foreigner into the political body of the state and
that satisfies the typical role of a family. clothing him with the rights and privilege of
8. Blended Family or Step Family- families with mixed citizenship.
parents; one or both parents remarried.
9. Monogamous Family-individual has one(official) THREE WAYS OF ACQUIRING BY NATURALIZATION
pant during their lifetime. 1. By judgement of the court- may undergo proper
10.Polygamous Family- a family composed of a Regional Trial Court/Court of First Instance.
marriage that includes. 2. By direct act of Congress- in this case our law-
a. Polygamy- man is married to more than one wife. making body simply enacts an act directly conferring
(e.g., Islam or Muslim people) citizenship to a foreigner.
b. Polyandry- woman is married to more than one 3. By administrative proceeding- Under RA No.9139
husband. known as the Administrative Naturalization Law of
2000,” aliens born and residing in the Philippines may
CITIZENSHIP -term denoting membership of a citizen be granted Philippine Citizenship by administrative
in a political society which membership implies, proceedings before a special committee on
reciprocally, a duty of allegiance on the part of the naturalization
member and a duty of protection on the part of the
state. LOSS OF CITIZENSHIP
CITIZEN- person having a title of citizenship. -member 1. Voluntary- the voluntary loss or renunciation
of democratic community who enjoys full civil and of one’s nationality is called EXPATRIATION.
political rights. In monarchial state, it is often called a. By naturalization in foreign country
Subject. b. By express renunciation of citizenship
ALIEN- citizen of a country who is residing in or c. By subscribing to an oath of allegiance to
passing through another country. Popularly known as support the constitution and law of foreign
“foreigner.” country.
GENERAL WAYS TO ACQUIRE CITIZENSHIP d. By rendering service to or accepting
1. Involuntary method- by birth, because of blood commission in the armed forces of a foreign
relationship or place of birth. country.
2. Voluntary method- by naturalization 2. Involuntary-
MODES OF ACQUIRING CITIZENSHIP a. By cancellation of his certificate of
1. Filipino by Birth/Natural Born Filipino naturalization by the court
a. Jus Soli (right of soil)- person’s nationality b. By having been declared by competent
at birth is determined by the place of birth. authority a deserter of the Philippine armed
b. Jus Sanguinis (right of blood)- at birth an forces in times of war.
individual acquires the national of his/her natural
parent. RETENTION AND ACQUISITION OF CITIZENSHIP –
2. Filipino by Naturalization/Naturalized Citizen - Thru RA 9225 otherwise known as the, “Citizenship
judicial act of adopting a foreigner and clothing him Retention and Re-acquisition Act of 2003.” Which was
with the privileges of a native-born citizen. approved on August 29, 2003.
 GROUNDS FOR RETENTION AND ACQUISITION OF CHARACTER FORMATION 2 LEADERSHIP, DECISION-
LOST PHILIPPINE CITIZENSHIP MAKING, MANAGEMENT & ADMINISTRATION
1. By naturalization
2. By repatriation-affected by merely taking the WHAT IS?
necessary oath of allegiance to the Republic of the Leadership
Philippines and registering the same in the proper civil Decision – Making
registry. Management
3. By direct act of congress Administration
DERIVATIVE CITIZENSHIP- The unmarried child, LEADERSHIP
whether legitimate, illegitimate, or adopted, below 18 -the ability of an individual or a group of individuals
years of age, of those who reacquire Philippine to influence and guide followers or other members of
citizenship upon effectivity of the act shall be deemed an organization.
citizens of the Philippines. DECISION – MAKING
-the process of making choices by identifying a
CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES decision, gathering information, and assessing
1. Those intending to exercise their right of suffrage alternative resolutions.
must meet the requirement under Section 1,Article V MANAGEMENT
of the Philippine Constitution, RA 9189 otherwise -process consisting of planning, organizing, actuating
known as “The Overseas Absentee Voting Act of and controlling; utilizing in each both science and art,
2003,”and the other existing laws. and followed in order to accomplish pre-determined
2. Those seeking elective public office in the objective.
Philippines shall meet the qualification for holding -systematic way of managing people and things within
such public office as required by the Constitution and the organization
existing laws. ADMINISTRATION
3. Those appointed to any public office shall subscribe -an act of administering the whole organization by a
and swear to an oath allegiance to the Republic of the group of people.
Philippines. -the act of managing duties, responsibilities, or rules
4. Those intending to practice their profession in the
Philippines. SELF-LEADERSHIP
5. The right to vote or be elected or appointed to any -first stage of leadership or leadership level.
public office in the Philippines cannot be extended to
those who; DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-LEADERSHIP
a. Candidates for or are occupying any public office in 1. Clarity of Purpose
the country of which they are naturalized citizens; and -entity must have vision(purpose) and be able to set it
b. Are in active service as commissioned or non- up.
commissioned officers in the armed forces of the 2. Aim at Success and Take Reasonable Risks
country of which they are naturalized. -challenge yourself on challenging assignments.
3. Spend Time to Reflect on Your Life
ALLEGIANCE- is loyalty owed by a person to his state. - -compare experience of current and present.
Section 5 prohibits more particularly naturalized 4. Don’t Tolerate Just Anything
Filipinos from practicing dual allegiance. -intolerant to anything that not suit to your vision
DUAL CITIZENSHIP- refer to the possession of two
citizenships by an individual, that of his original SIMPLE WAYS TO LEAD YOURSELF
citizenship and that of the country where he became a 1. Know your Values and Stick to Them
naturalized citizen. -real values and ethics are the trustworthy leaders.
2. Move Towards Purpose
-inspire, guide and encourage
3. Keep Improving Yourself
-evolve into better version
4. Make Mistakes but Never Make the Same Mistake
Twice
5. Lead by Example
-act like one (toughest)
 2. Transformational Leadership
FOUR (4) PRIMARY FACTORS OF LEADERSHIP -empowerment of workers, enhancing or
1. Leader transforming to lead.
-persuade your subordinates/people 3. Servant Leadership
2. Followers -serve first and lead -others need is the priority
-different people different expectations (needs, 4. Democratic Leadership
feelings, motivation) “– be – know – do” -” participatory leadership”
3. Communication 5. Autocratic Leadership
-bidirectional communication -set as example –” My way or the highway”
4. Situation –absolute power and decision making
-determine the best course of action 6. Bureaucratic Leadership
-”by the book” -absolute power and decision making
THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP 7. Laissez-Faire Leadership
1. Trait Theory -” leave it be” -absolute power and decision making
-personality traits (innate/inborn – physical, 8. Charismatic Leadership
intelligence etc.) -power due to “down-to-earth” and likable
2. Great Events Theory personality
-crisis or event
3. Transformational or Process Leadership Theory ETHICAL STANDARD FOR LEADER
-leadership can be learned -creating leaders 1. Define and Align Your Values
4. Great Man Theory -treat others how you want to be treated
-ex: Mao Zedong, Gandhi, Hitler) -say ‘thank you’
-help others
TRAINING VS. COACHING 2. Champion the Importance of Ethics
Training – structured lesson designed to give people Section 37, RA 6975
the knowledge and skills to perform a task “The Philippine National Police Code of Professional
Coaching – process designed to help the employee Conduct and Ethical Standards”
develop more expertise 3. Hire People with Similar Values
-common ground
Conditions for Learning 4. Promote Open Communication
1. The Person Must Be Motivated to Learn -two-way communication
2. Involve Your Subordinates in the Process 5. Beware of Bias
-open-minded leader
LEADERSHIP POWERS 6. Lead by Example
1. Coercive Power -walk the talk
-power based of fear 7. Find Your Role Models
2. Reward Power -creating identity
-incentives or recognition 8. Care for Yourself so you can Care for Others
3. Legitimate Power -” you can’t pour from an empty cup”
-power based from consequence of role
4. Expert Power
-special skills or knowledge
5. Referent Power IMPACTS OF ETHICAL LEADERSHIP
-role model (example) 1. The Well-Being of the Individual
6. Informational Power -” maintain positive working environment”.
-having control over the information 2. The Energy of the Team
7. Connection Power -” maintain high moral”.
-uses networks and links to powerful people 3. The Health of the Organization
-” healthy mindset, climate and environment”.
LEADERSHIP STYLES
1. Transactional Leadership
-strong disciplinary style
-A.K. A “telling”
MANAGEMENNT
Set of principles relating to the roles of planning, ESSENTIAL SKILLS OF THE MANAGER
coordinating, directing and regulating and 1. Technical Skills – work with resources, equipment
implementation of those principles in the efficient and or technical skills
effective use of physical, financial, human and 2. Human Skills – ability to work with people
information capital to achieve organizational individually or group
objectives. 3. Conceptual Skills – looking holistically the
organization in decision – making
Management as a Process
-rise client’s satisfaction QUALITIES OF A MANAGER
-develop personal experience, abilities and capacity 1. Educational Competence – educational
-accomplish a particular goal qualifications
Management as Never-Ending Process 2. Intellectual Quality – higher level of intelligence
-continues process 3. Leadership Ability – able to direct and motivate
Activity Management 4. Training – technical skills, human skills and logical
-day-to-day activity (recording, monitoring, etc.) abilities
Management as a Discipline 5. Technical Knowledge and Skills – technical
-subject -course knowledge
Management as an Art 6. Mental Maturity – good listener and quick respond
-requires imagination and expertise to situation
-course 7. Positive Attitude – sensitive and optimistic to
Management as Group different issues
-operation is carried by the group 8. Self-Confidence – being certain for every decision
Management as a Science 9. Foresight – decision for present and for future
-involves scientific process
Management as a Profession
-occupation
DECISION – MAKING CONCEPTS
-problem-solving process that generates a solution
The Manager that is considered to be ideal or at least acceptable
-person in the organization who directs the activities
for others TECHNIQUES
1. The First Line Managers 1. Group Decision-Making (collaborative and
-supervisors/foremen cooperative)
2. The Middle Level Managers 2. Individual Decision-Making (saves time, resources
-supervisory level and top-level and energy)
-functional managers
-project managers Four Styles of Decision-Making
3. The Top Managers 1. Directive Decision-Making – based on experience
-organizational decisions 2. Analytic Decision-Making – analyze details
-vice-president 3. Conceptual Decision-Making – collaborative
-managing director approach
-chief executive officer 4. Behavioral Decision-Making –proactive
-board chairman communication with community

MANAGERIAL FUNCTIONS ADMINISTRATION

1. Planning – setting of goals and strategies Refers to actions which are concerned with
2. Organization – how to do, how to organize and coordinating and managing an organization work.
where to make decision
3. Staffing – employing different people Administrator
4. Directing – giving instructions -person who makes sure an organization is running at
5. Controlling – monitoring and evaluation of task or full capacity.
schedule