Legal Citation Guide 201704 V 21
Legal Citation Guide 201704 V 21
Legal Citation Guide 201704 V 21
Faculty of Law
© The Chinese University of Hong Kong Lee Quo Wei Law Library 2017 2
This guide outlines citation style for commonly used legal resources. A list of
further readings is provided at the end of this guide.
Footnotes:
Footnotes (citation references inserted at end of relevant page) should be used instead
of endnotes (citation references inserted at end of paper or assignment) or in text
citations.
Students should footnote all materials referred to or directly quoted from as well as
materials that ideas were taken from.
Bibliography:
Students should provide a Bibliography at the end of their papers or assignments
using the following headings to group references (all materials in alphabetical order
within group).
Referencing:
In assignments or papers the first reference should always be provided in full. It is
then possible to use the following for further references to the same work.
Ibid: (Latin meaning: ‘in the same place’ for same source cited immediately above).
Add relevant page if different from page used in original footnote.
For a reference already cited that does not appear immediately above use
Above n (n= footnote number) or
Below n (n= footnote number) for parts of the text or footnotes that come after the
present footnote.
© The Chinese University of Hong Kong Lee Quo Wei Law Library 2017 3
Quotations:
Substantial quotations should be indented and single-spaced preceded by a semi-colon
- use of quotation marks is optional.
Short quotations placed within the text should have quotation marks or inverted
commas.
In a footnote provide case reference and then reference to judge and their judicial title
in brackets.
PRIMARY SOURCES:
Note materials listed below may be found in online sources. A URL reference is not
required for most primary sources as they generally will be sourced from established
commercial or free sources and pagination or paragraph referencing will have been
provided.
HK Reported cases:
A reported case would be cited as follows:
Jumbo King Ltd v Faithful Properties Ltd (1999) 2 HKCFAR 279 (CFA)
Party names followed by year and volume reference then abbreviation for set of law
reports the case is reported in. Only the first page reference is provided unless the
case is being referred to in a footnote. The page or page range being referred to should
then be indicated as follows.
Jumbo King Ltd v Faithful Properties Ltd (1999) 2 HKCFAR 279, 282
Or
Jumbo King Ltd v Faithful Properties Ltd (1999) 2 HKCFAR 279 at 282
If the case has parallel citations the authorised should be referred to when known.
HKLII format:
The main standard medium neutral citations used in HKLII are:
Li Sau Ying v Kincheng Banking Corp & Another [2002] HKCFI 202
© The Chinese University of Hong Kong Lee Quo Wei Law Library 2017 4
HK Court Citation:
Li Sau Ying v Kincheng Banking Corporation & Another HCA18515/1999
Use Court Identifier (Court level and case type): HCA: (High Court-civil action)
Case Number: 18515/1999
For full listing of Court Level and case types see
http://legalref.judiciary.gov.hk/lrs/common/help/hlptopic.htm
Westlaw:
2 possible formats: The second is more commonly used for citation
Li Sau Ying v Kincheng Banking Corporation & Another 2002 WL 1341429 (CFI);
[2002] HKEC 1103
Lexis:
Tsui Chi Hung Tony v Hsin Chong Construction Co Ltd and Others [2006] HKCU
190
Footnotes:
In footnotes for unreported citations use paragraph references enclosed in square
brackets.
© The Chinese University of Hong Kong Lee Quo Wei Law Library 2017 5
P President of the Family Division
PC Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
PJ Permanent Judge (s) of the Court of Final Appeal:
Since 1 July 1997
Registrar* Registrar
SC Senior Counsel: Since 1 July 1997
S-J, SJ Secretary of Justice: Since 1 July 1997
V-P, VP (P) Vice-President of the Court of Appeal
V-C Vice-Chancellor
UK Case citations:
As for HK standard format of party names, year, volume, abbreviation for set of law
reports and first page reference
It should be noted that since 2001 Sweet & Maxwell (UK) uses case numbers not
page numbers when providing citations to cases and may exclude the volume
reference. For example:
UK Unreported Citations:
For the UK the following are some major medium neutral citations that have been
adopted since 2001. Provide party names, [year] court abbreviation and case number
(date of delivery)
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HCJT Scotland High Court of Justiciary
HCJAC Scotland Court of Criminal Appeal
For example:
LTF v LMF [2006] EWCA Civ 1179 (17 August 2006)
Legislation:
HK legislation:
If students are referring to Ordinances before it has received its chapter number the
year reference would be useful to put in so it can be located but isn’t officially
required.
Students should note that if they are referring to the Ordinance as originally passed
the chronological number and year should be included.
Subsidiary legislation is generally cited with their year and Chapter number although
established ones may only have a title. For example the High Court Rules made under
the High Court Ordinance (Cap 4) appear just as ‘Rules of the High Court’.
Amendment regulations appear as follows.
Basic Law:
Cited by name and article number
The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s
Republic of China
© The Chinese University of Hong Kong Lee Quo Wei Law Library 2017 7
UK Legislation:
It is similar for recent UK legislation although the year is added. Major Principal
Legislation would appear as
Regulations may be cited just by number or just by title or include year as well.
For example:
Section s
Sections ss
Subsection sub-s
Subsections sub-ss
Paragraph para
Paragraphs paras
Subparagraph subpara
Subparagraphs subparas
Part pt
Division div
Legislation may also contain schedules. The references are abbreviated as follows
Schedule sch
Schedules schs
Rule r
Order O
1Students should note though that when they referring to legislation in the text of their assignments
etc., they should write the reference in full e.g. ‘section’, ‘part’ etc.
© The Chinese University of Hong Kong Lee Quo Wei Law Library 2017 8
International materials:
UN Treaty:
Treaty name, date, treaty series citation, page ref (Date of entry into force)
Case concerning the Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company (Belgium v
Spain) [1970] ICJ Rep 44
UN materials:
Include following where applicable
Author/title, resolution number official record, session number, subdivision UN
Document number, year
European Materials:
© The Chinese University of Hong Kong Lee Quo Wei Law Library 2017 9
SECONDARY SOURCES:
Note materials listed below may be found in online sources. Only include a URL if
the format of the material does not provide pagination (generally formats for
reputable materials will be MS word or PDF with pagination)
Annotated Ordinances:
(Print and online versions are cited using the same method)
Publisher Series Title Ordinance name date (add paragraph number and paragraph
title if citing in a footnote)
Bills are generally not italicised and the year should be added to aid identification.
E.g.:
Aviation Security (Amendment) Bill 2005
(Add jurisdiction as well if discussing a number of legislative details from different
jurisdictions)
Books:
Authors name (Surname and first name or Surname and initial), Book title, (edition no
if 2nd or later edition) place of publication (may not be included at lecturer’s
preference), publisher, year of publication (these may be enclosed in parentheses).
Details should the same for printed or e-book versions if used. Note: if there are more
than two authors include the first only and then include ‘et al’ indicating there are
more authors not cited by name.
For a Bibliography:
Brewer, John The Law and Practice of Hong Kong Private Companies Hong Kong,
Sweet & Maxwell Asia 2005
Or
Brewer, John The Law and Practice of Hong Kong Private Companies (Sweet &
Maxwell Asia 2005)
Brewer, John The Law and Practice of Hong Kong Companies (2nd ed) Hong Kong,
Sweet & Maxwell/ Thomson Reuters 2009
For a footnote:
Brewer, John The Law and Practice of Hong Kong Private Companies Hong Kong,
Sweet & Maxwell Asia 2005, 44
Or
Brewer, John The Law and Practice of Hong Kong Private Companies Hong Kong,
Sweet & Maxwell Asia 2005 at 44
© The Chinese University of Hong Kong Lee Quo Wei Law Library 2017 10
Two Authors:
Davis, Nigel and Mitchell, Melanie Hong Kong Listed Companies : Law & Practice
Hong Kong, CCH Hong Kong 2012
Edited works:
Editors name (ed), Book title, place of publication (may not be included at lecturer’s
preference), publisher, year of publication (these may be enclosed in parentheses)
Antons, Christoph (ed) Law and Development in East and Southeast Asia New York,
RoutledgeCurzon 2003
Bishop, Bernard ‘APEC, Industry Policy and the Role of Law’ in Antons, Christoph
(ed) Law and Development in East and Southeast Asia New York, RoutledgeCurzon
2003
Books (or articles/other secondary sources) cited within another work (for
footnote references):
Details of both the cited work and the work it is cited in needs to be provided
Lord Millet ‘Proprietary Restitution’ in The Common Law Lecture Series Hong Kong,
The University of Hong Kong Faculty of Law 2005, 57 cited in Yeung, Clemence The
Law of Unjust Enrichment in Hong Kong Hong Kong, LexisNexis 2008, 76
Brewer, John The Law and Practice of Hong Kong Private Companies [CD-ROM]
Hong Kong, Sweet & Maxwell Asia 2005 (CD version containing precedents)
Translations:
Author, Title (details, name of translator, ‘original title of work’, place of publication,
publisher, and translation year edition and original edition year if relevant)
© The Chinese University of Hong Kong Lee Quo Wei Law Library 2017 11
Shang, Yang, The Book of Lord Shang; A classic of the Chinese school of law
Translated from the Chinese with introduction and notes by J.J.L. Duyvendak.
“Shang-chün-shu” London, Probsthain [1963, c1928]
Conferences:
Author, Title of paper, conference details, date
Amador, Raquel International Refugee Law Refugee Law Conference Centre for
Comparative and Public Law Faculty of Law Hong Kong University 21 February
2004
Encyclopaedias:
Publisher, Encyclopaedia title, edition number if 2nd edition or later edition, volume
(if relevant), date of publication or date of retrieval if using electronic format and no
date can be verified, title number, name of title, paragraph number, name of
paragraph, page number(s) if using print version.
© The Chinese University of Hong Kong Lee Quo Wei Law Library 2017 12
LexisNexis/Butterworths Atkin’s Court Forms Hong Kong, [online] dated 01
December 2002, Personal Injuries, Forms, Statement of Claim, Claims Against
Occupiers, 82 Particulars of Claim: Dangerous Premises
Government Report:
Personal or corporate author (department, minister etc), Title, department, state and/or
country, year.
© The Chinese University of Hong Kong Lee Quo Wei Law Library 2017 13
Trade Descriptions (Unfair Trade Practices) (Amendment) Ordinance 2012 Takes
Effect Today, Information Services Department, Hong Kong 19 July 2013 (online
version) http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201307/19/P201307190743.htm
Journal articles:
Authors name (Surname and first name or Surname and initial), title of article, year of
journal, volume, (issue) if noted, Title of Journal (may be abbreviated depending on
lecturer’s preference) , page
(Example below is for a Bibliography-for footnotes add page details as per books
above)
Newspaper articles:
Author (Surname and first name or Surname and initial), ‘Title’, Newspaper, Place of
publication, Date, page (or ‘online version’ if using online sources)
Chen, George ‘Google chairman warns Beijing not to curb freedoms’ South China
Morning Post 5 November 2013 A1
Chen, George ‘Google chairman warns Beijing not to curb freedoms’ South China
Morning Post 5 November 2013 (online version)
Parliamentary Papers:
Corporate Author, Title, House, paper number, Session number, (year)
© The Chinese University of Hong Kong Lee Quo Wei Law Library 2017 14
Speeches:
Speaker (Surname and first name or Surname and initial), Title, location of speech,
date
Hannum, Hurst Turbans, Trade and Terrorism: Are Human Rights the Answer Speech
given as Sir Y K Pao Chair in Public Law Inaugural Lecture at Hong Kong University
on 24 March 2006
Theses:
Author (Surname and first name or Surname and initial), Title, Level of Theses,
Institution, year
Strick, Ross Canadian International Human Rights Policy: The cases for Cuba and
China. Thesis (MA), University of Windsor, 1997
News Reports:
Broadcaster, Presenter (if known), Title of programme , Date
TVB Pearl, Etienne Lamy-Smith, Kids Ocean Day Hong Kong 2012, 9 November
2012
UK Command papers:
Author, Title, Command paper series number, (Year)
Internet materials:
Email Message:
Author (Surname and first name or Surname and initial), email address, subject line
from posting, date
Online databases:
Online database name, Publication or filename source [online], date of retrieval,
Author if known, Title, date if known
© The Chinese University of Hong Kong Lee Quo Wei Law Library 2017 15
Students should note that published works should be cited using details of the
published version. Only use Internet citation format for materials generally only
available on the Internet eg an Online Journal
Author(s) (Surname and first name or Surname and initial), ‘Title’ (year) volume
(issue) Journal Title, URL (date of access)
© The Chinese University of Hong Kong Lee Quo Wei Law Library 2017 16
FURTHER READING:
Bachner, B A Legal Style Guide for Hong Kong Hong Kong, School of Law City
University of Hong Kong 1999 (Call No.: K15 .C326 no.2)
Canadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation (8th ed) Toronto, Carswell 2014
(Call No.: KE259 .C35 2014)
Citation Formats Committee of the AALL Universal Citation Guide (3rd ed) Buffalo
NY, Hein 2014 (Call No.: KF245 .U54 2014)
Also available online to Version 2.1:
http://www.aallnet.org/Documents/Publications/ucg
Martin, P Introduction to Basic Legal Citation: LII 2010 Ed NY, Legal Information
Institute Cornell Law School 2010
Online access to 2015 ed.: http://www.law.cornell.edu/citation/
McLay G and others New Zealand Law Style Guide (2nd ed) Wellington, Thomson
Reuters 2011 (Call No.: KUQ48.7 .M36 2011)
© The Chinese University of Hong Kong Lee Quo Wei Law Library 2017 17
Melbourne University Law Review Association Australian Guide to Legal Citation
(3rd ed) Melbourne, Melbourne University Law Review Association 2010
(Call No.: KU48 .A97 2010)
Also available online:
http://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/1586203/FinalOnlinePDF-
2012Reprint.pdf
Patel, M The Black Book: Universal’s Guide to Uniform Legal Citations New Delhi,
Universal Law Pub 2011 (Call No.: K89 .B53 2011)
Teply, Larry L Legal citation in a nutshell (2nd ed) St. Paul, MN : West Academic
Publishing 2016 (Call No.: KF245 .T47 2016)
Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (20th ed) NY, Harvard Law Review
Association 2015 (Call No.: KF245 .B58 2015)
© The Chinese University of Hong Kong Lee Quo Wei Law Library 2017 18
罗伟著 法律文献引证注释规范(建议稿)(第 2 版) 北京市 : 北京大学出版社, 2013
(Call No.: KNQ47 .L862 2013)
The Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (International law materials
section)
https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/sites/files/oxlaw/oscola_2006_citing_international_law.pdf
Kavass, I and Prince, M (eds) World Dictionary of Legal Abbreviations Buffalo NY,
Hein (loose-leaf 1991-) (Call No.: K89 .K38)
Prince, M Prince’s Bieber Dictionary of Legal Abbreviations (6th ed) Buffalo NY,
Hein 2009 (Call No.: KF246 .B46 2009)
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