AS LEVEL CHEMISTRY

PAPER 1

PRACTICE PAPER 7
Answer all questions

Max 80 marks

Name ……………………………………………………………..

Mark ……../80 ……....% Grade ………

Note – the multiple choice questions used in this paper are recycled from the assessed
homeworks, tests and assessment points for the AS-level/1st Year course
1. Ionisation energies provide evidence for the arrangement of electrons in atoms.

(a) Complete the electron configuration of the Mg ion. +

1s ................................................................................................................
2

(1)

(b) (i) State the meaning of the term first ionisation energy.

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(2)

(ii) Write an equation, including state symbols, to show the reaction that occurs when the
second ionisation energy of magnesium is measured.

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(1)

(iii) Explain why the second ionisation energy of magnesium is greater than the first
ionisation energy of magnesium.

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(1)

(iv) Use your understanding of electron arrangement to complete the table by suggesting a
value for the third ionisation energy of magnesium.

First Second Third Fourth Fifth

Ionisation energies of
736 1450 10 500 13 629
magnesium / kJ mol –1

(1)

(c) State and explain the general trend in the first ionisation energies of the Period 3 elements
sodium to chlorine.

Trend ...........................................................................................................

Explanation ..................................................................................................

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(3)
 (d) State how the element sulfur deviates from the general trend in first ionisation energies
across Period 3. Explain your answer.

How sulfur deviates from the trend ..............................................................

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Explanation ..................................................................................................

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(e) A general trend exists in the first ionisation energies of the Period 2 elements lithium to
fluorine. Identify one element which deviates from this general trend.

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(1)
(Total 13 marks)

2. The following two-stage method was used to analyse a mixture containing the solids
magnesium, magnesium oxide and sodium chloride.

Stage 1
A weighed sample of the mixture was treated with an excess of dilute hydrochloric acid.
The sodium chloride dissolved in the acid. The magnesium oxide reacted to form a solution of
magnesium chloride. The magnesium also reacted to form hydrogen gas and a solution of
magnesium chloride. The hydrogen produced was collected.

(a) Write equations for the two reactions involving hydrochloric acid.

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(2)

(b) State how you would collect the hydrogen. State the measurements that you would make in
order to calculate the number of moles of hydrogen produced. Explain how your results could
be used to determine the number of moles of magnesium metal in the sample.

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Stage 2
Sodium hydroxide solution was added to the solution formed in Stage 1 until no further
precipitation of magnesium hydroxide occurred. This precipitate was filtered off, collected, dried
and heated strongly until it had decomposed completely into magnesium oxide. The oxide was
weighed.

(c) Write equations for the formation of magnesium hydroxide and for its decomposition into
magnesium oxide.

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(3)

(d) When a 6.25 g sample of the mixture of the three solids was analysed as described above,
the following results were obtained.

Hydrogen obtained in Stage 1 0.0528 mol

Mass of magnesium oxide obtained in Stage 2 6.41 g

Use these results to calculate the number of moles of original magnesium oxide in 100 g of
the mixture.

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(4)
(Total 15 marks)

3. Fluorine forms compounds with many other elements.

(a) Fluorine reacts with bromine to form liquid bromine trifluoride (BrF ). 3

State the type of bond between Br and F in BrF and state how this bond is formed.
3

Type of bond ..................................................................................................

How bond is formed ......................................................................................

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(2)
(b) Two molecules of BrF react to form ions as shown by the following equation.
3

2BrF 3 BrF 2
+
+ BrF 4
–

(i) Draw the shape of BrF and predict its bond angle.
3

Include any lone pairs of electrons that influence the shape.

Shape of BrF 3

Bond angle ............................................................................................

(2)

(ii) Draw the shape of BrF and predict its bond angle.
4
–

Include any lone pairs of electrons that influence the shape.

Shape of BrF 4
–

Bond angle ............................................................................................

(2)

(c) BrF ions are also formed when potassium fluoride dissolves in liquid BrF to form KBrF
4
–
3 4

Explain, in terms of bonding, why KBrF has a high melting point.

4

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(3)
 (d) Fluorine reacts with hydrogen to form hydrogen fluoride (HF).

(i) State the strongest type of intermolecular force between hydrogen fluoride molecules.

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(1)

(ii) Draw a diagram to show how two molecules of hydrogen fluoride are attracted to each
other by the type of intermolecular force that you stated in part (d)(i). Include all partial
charges and all lone pairs of electrons in your diagram.

(3)

(e) The boiling points of fluorine and hydrogen fluoride are –188 °C and 19.5 °C respectively.
Explain, in terms of bonding, why the boiling point of fluorine is very low.

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(2)
(Total 15 marks)

4. A student investigated the chemistry of the halogens and the halide ions.

(a) In the first two tests, the student made the following observations.

Test Observation

1. Add chlorine water to aqueous The colourless solution turned a

potassium iodide solution. brown colour.

2. Add silver nitrate solution to aqueous The colourless solution produced a

potassium chloride solution. white precipitate.

(i) Identify the species responsible for the brown colour in Test 1.

Write the simplest ionic equation for the reaction that has taken place in Test 1.

State the type of reaction that has taken place in Test 1.

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(3)
 (ii) Name the species responsible for the white precipitate in Test 2.

Write the simplest ionic equation for the reaction that has taken place in Test 2.

State what would be observed when an excess of dilute ammonia solution is added to
the white precipitate obtained in Test 2.

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(3)

(b) In two further tests, the student made the following observations.

Test Observation

The white solid produced misty

3. Add concentrated sulfuric acid to
white fumes which turned
solid potassium chloride.
blue litmus paper to red.

The white solid turned black. A gas

4. Add concentrated sulfuric acid to
was released that smelled of rotten
solid potassium iodide.
eggs. A yellow solid was formed.

(i) Write the simplest ionic equation for the reaction that has taken place in Test 3.

Identify the species responsible for the misty white fumes produced in Test 3.

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(2)
(ii) The student had read in a textbook that the equation for one of the reactions in Test 4 is
as follows.

8H +
+ 8I –
+ H SO 2 4 4I 2 + HS 2 + 4H O 2

Write the two half-equations for this reaction.

State the role of the sulfuric acid and identify the yellow solid that is also observed in
Test 4.

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(4)

(iii) The student knew that bromine can be used for killing microorganisms in swimming
pool water.
The following equilibrium is established when bromine is added to cold water.

Br (I)
2 + H O(I)
2 HBrO(aq) + H (aq)
+
+ Br (aq)
–

Use Le Chatelier’s principle to explain why this equilibrium moves to the right when
sodium hydroxide solution is added to a solution containing dissolved bromine.

Deduce why bromine can be used for killing microorganisms in swimming pool water,
even though bromine is toxic.

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(3)
(Total 15 marks)
5.

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(Total 8 marks)
6. Which one of the following statements concerning halogen chemistry is true?

A Sodium chloride produces chlorine when treated with concentrated sulphuric acid.

B Sodium chloride produces chlorine when treated with bromine.

C Sodium bromide produces bromine when treated with concentrated sulphuric acid.

D Sodium bromide produces bromine when treated with iodine in aqueous potassium iodide.
(Total 1 mark)

7. The boiling points of the halogens increase down Group VII because

A covalent bond strengths increase.

B bond polarities increase.

C the surface areas of the molecules increase.

D electronegativities increase.
(Total 1 mark)

8. Which one of the following is the electronic configuration of the strongest reducing agent?

A 1s2 2s2 2p5

B 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2

C 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

D 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2

(Total 1 mark)

9. On heating, magnesium reacts vigorously with element X to produce compound Y. An aqueous

solution of Y, when treated with aqueous silver nitrate, gives a white precipitate that is readily
soluble in dilute aqueous ammonia. What is the minimum mass of X that is needed to react
completely with 4.05 g of magnesium?

A 11.83 g

B 5.92 g

C 5.33 g

D 2.67 g
(Total 1 mark)
10. This question relates to the equilibrium gas-phase synthesis of sulphur trioxide:

2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)

At equilibrium in a vessel of volume 1.80 dm3 under altered conditions, the reaction mixture
contains 0.0700 mol of SO3(g), 0.0500 mol of SO2(g) and 0.0900 mol of O2(g) at a total pressure of
623 kPa. The temperature in the equilibrium vessel is

A 307 °C

B 596 K

C 337 °C

D 642 K
(Total 1 mark)

Questions 11 – 13 refer to the industrial production of nitric acid from ammonia:

Reaction 1 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g) ∆H = −909 kJ mol−1

Reaction 2 2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g) ∆H = −115 kJ mol−1

Reaction 3 3NO2(g) + H2O(l) 2HNO3(aq) + NO(g) ∆H = −117 kJ mol−1

11. Possible units for the equilibrium constant, Kc, for reaction 2 are

A mol−2 m6

B mol−1 dm3

C no units

D mol dm−3
(Total 1 mark)

12. The equilibrium yield in all three reactions is increased when

A the pressure is increased.

B the pressure is decreased.

C the temperature is increased.

D the temperature is decreased.

(Total 1 mark)
13. The direct oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen dioxide can be represented by the equation

4NH3(g) + 7O2(g) → 4NO2(g) + 6H2O(g)

for which the standard enthalpy change, in kJ mol−1, is

A −1139

B −1024

C −794

D −679
(Total 1 mark)

14. Sodium hydrogencarbonate decomposes on heating as shown by the equation below.

2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2

The volume of carbon dioxide, measured at 298 K and 101 kPa, obtained by heating 0.0500 mol of
sodium hydrogencarbonate is

A 613 cm3

B 1226 cm3

C 613 dm3

D 1226 dm3
(Total 1 mark)

15. Use the information below to answer this question.

A saturated solution of magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2, contains 0.1166 g of Mg(OH)2 in 10.00 dm3
of solution. In this solution the magnesium hydroxide is fully dissociated into ions.

Which one of the following is the concentration of Mg2+(aq) ions in the saturated solution?

A 2.82 × 10−2 mol dm−3

B 2.00 × 10−3 mol dm−3

C 2.82 × 10−3 mol dm−3

D 2.00 × 10−4 mol dm−3

(Total 1 mark)
16. A particular sample of iron ore contains 85% by mass of Fe2O3 (Mr= 159.6) and no other iron
compound. The maximum mass of iron that could be extracted from 1.0 tonne of this ore is

A 0.59 tonne

B 0.66 tonne

C 0.75 tonne

C 0.85 tonne
(Total 1 mark)

17. This question is about the reaction given below.

CO(g) + H2O(g) CO2(g) + H2(g)

Enthalpy data for the reacting species are given in the table below.

Substance CO(g) H2O(g) CO2(g) H2(g)

ΔH / kJ mol−1 −110 −242 −394 0

The standard enthalpy change for this reaction of carbon monoxide and steam is

A +42 kJ mol−1

B −42 kJ mol−1

C +262 kJ mol−1

D −262 kJ mol−1
(Total 1 mark)

18. Chlorine has two isotopes, 35Cl and 37Cl. The number of molecular ion peaks in the mass spectrum
of a sample of Cl2 is

A 2

B 3

C 4

D 5
(Total 1 mark)
19. The standard enthalpy of formation, ΔHf for O3(g) is + 142 kJ mol–1. In which one of the following
would both the changes shown increase the amount of O2 gas in an equilibrium mixture containing
only O2(g) and O3(g)?

A increasing the temperature and increasing the pressure

B increasing the temperature and decreasing the pressure

C decreasing the temperature and increasing the pressure

D decreasing the temperature and decreasing the pressure

(Total 1 mark)