MS Eco Set 3
MS Eco Set 3
MS Eco Set 3
अर्थशास्त्र Economics
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MARKING SCHEME
1. A) 15 1
2. B) Two-dimensional diagram 1
3. C) Telephone interview 1
5. Prices 1
6. d) Based on calculations 1
7. (C) 5 1
OR
The Arithmetic Mean of a data set is what is usually called the Average of the values.
8. Extreme 1
9. (A) Same 1
OR
12. 3
OR
Arithmetic mean
(Steps and procedures for constructing histogram and drawing frequency polygon)
OR
Any suitable diagram can be used Multiple bar diagram may be a better choice (steps
and procedures for constructing diagram)
14. 4
b) Wage adjustment
d) Analysis of marke
15.
Grouping table 4
Z= L1+ (fi-fo)/2fi-fo-f2*i
Z=40+(23-15)/(2*23-15-22)*10
Z=48.89
16.
Characteristics of Statistics
17. 3+3 = 6
a) Selection of base year is a problem in the construction of index numbers. Base Year
is the reference year. It is the year with which prices of the current year are compared.
As far as possible, Base Year should be a normal year. This means the Base Year
should be one without serious fluctuations in the economy. Otherwise, the index values
would fail to capture the real change in the variable.
OR
The CPI is one of the most commonly used tools to measure inflation and deflation. 6
Inflation is an important indicator of an economy's health. Governments and central
banks use the CPI and other indices to make economic decisions
The production of index numbers is fraught with challenges. Following are the
difficulties faced in the Construction of Index Numbers –
OR
AFC
21. False 1
24. Inverse 1
25. Substitute 1
26. Fall 1
27. b) L 1
1 Large number of buyers and sellers - Under perfect competition buyers and
sellers are in such a large number so that neither a single buyer nor a single seller
can influence the market. It is because each seller sells a very small portion of the
market supply, similarly the demand of each buyer is also very small in the market.
(i) When marginal cost is less than average cost, average cost falls.
(ii) When marginal cost is equal to average cost, average cost is minimum.
(iii) When marginal cost is greater than average cost, average cost rise
OR
Schedule-1 mark
Diagram-1 mark
Explaination- 2 marks
32.
OR
OR
33.
Indifference curve is a curve which shows various combinations of two goods which
give same level of satisfaction to the consumer.
33.
Indifference curve is a curve which shows various combinations of two goods which
give same level of satisfaction to the consumer.
4. ICs do not intersect each other - Each IC represents different level of satisfaction,
so there intersection is ruled out.
OR
𝑃𝑥
𝑃𝑦
ii) Indifference curve should be convex to the point of origin i.e. MR SXY is decreasing.
We can explain it with the help of following diagram In diagram, AB is budget line and
three indifference curves are IC1, IC2 and IC3. The various combinations of good X &
good Y which consumer can purchase with his given income are M, E and N. But M & N
lie on IC1 whereas E lies on IC2 . Since E is on higher indifference curve, so it will give
more satisfaction to the consumer as compared to M & N. At point E budget line is
tangent to IC2 , and IC2 is convex to origin. So E is equilibrium point where consumer
will get maximum satisfaction by consuming OX1 quantity of good X and OY1 quantity
of good Y.
34. 6
Producer’s equilibrium refers to the state in which a producer earns his maximum profit
or minimise its losses. According to MR-MC approach Two conditions under this
approach are:
1 MR = MC
2 MC curve should cut the MR curve from below, or MC should be rising. As
long as the addition to revenue is greater than the addition to cost. It is
profitable for a firm to continue producing more units of output. In the
diagram, output is shown on the X-axis and revenue and cost on the Y-axis.
The Marginal Cost (MC) curve is U-shaped and P ~ MR = AR, is a horizontal
line parallel to X-axis. MC = MR at two points Q1 and Q2 in the diagram, but
profits are maximised at point Q2, corresponding to Q 10 level of output.
Between Q2 and Q10 levels of output, MR exceeds MC. Therefore, firm will
not stop at point R but will continue to produce to take advantage of
additional profit. Thus, equilibrium will be at point Q2, where both the
conditions are satisfied. Situation beyond Q2 level: MR < MC When output
level is more than Q10, MR < MC, which implies that firm is making a loss on
its last unit of output. Hence, in order to maximise profit, a rational producer
decreases output as long as MC > MR. Thus, the firm moves towards
producing O Q units of output.
1 12 15
2 12 12
3 12 10
4 12 9
5 12 8
6 12 7
7 12 8
8 12 9
9 12 10
10 12 12
11 12 15