DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

BACHELOR OF ARTS (B.A.)

(THREE YEAR DEGREE COURSE)

SUBJECT

MATHEMATICS

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

B.A. (MATHEMATICS)
COURSE STRUCTURE

FIRST YEAR

PAPER – 101 : ALGEBRA AND TRIGONOMETRY 25 MARKS

PAPER – 102 : CALCULUS 25 MARKS

PAPER – 103: GEOMETRY AND VECTOR CALCULUS 25 MARKS

PAPER – 104: PRACTICAL (Based on Paper 101, 102, 103) 25 MARKS

SECOND YEAR

PAPER – 201 : LINEAR ALGEBRA AND MATRICES 25 MARKS

PAPER – 202 : DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS and INTEGRAL 25 MARKS

TRANSFORMS

PAPER – 203: MECHANICS 25MARKS

PAPER – 204: PRACTICAL (Based on Paper 201, 202, 203) 25 MARKS

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

THIRD YEAR

PAPER – 301 : REAL ANALYSIS 20 MARKS

PAPER – 302 : COMPLEX ANALYSIS 20 MARKS

PAPER – 303: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND PROGRAMMING IN C 20 MARKS

PAPER – 304: OPTIONAL PAPER: - 20 MARKS

Paper 304 (A): NUMBER THEORY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY

Paper 304 (B): LINEAR PROGRAMMING

Paper 304 (C): DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY AND TENSOR ANALYSIS

Paper 304 (D): PRINCIPLES OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

Paper 304 (E): DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

Paper 304 (F): MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS

PAPER – 305 : PRACTICAL (Based on Paper 301, 302, 303) 20 MARKS

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

B.A. (MATHEMATICS)
FIRST YEAR DETAILED SYALLBUS
PAPER – 101
ALGEBRA and TRIGONOMETRY
Algebra
Unit 1.
Sequence and its convergence (basic idea), Convergence of infinite series,
Comparison test, ratio test, root test, Raabe’s test, Logarithmic ratio test, Cauchy’s
condensation test, DeMorgan and Bertrand test and higher logarithmic ratio test.
Alternating series, Leibnitz test, Absolute and conditional convergence,
Congruence modulo m relation, Equivalence relations and partitions.

Unit 2.
Definition of a group with examples and simple properties, Permutation groups,
Subgroups, Centre and normalizer, Cyclic groups, Coset decomposition, Lagrange’s
theorem and its consequences.

Unit 3.
Homomorphism and isomorphism, Cayley’s theorem, Normal subgroups, Quotient
group, Fundamental theorem of homomorphism, Conjugacy relation, Class
equation, Direct product.

Unit 4.
Introduction to rings, subrings, integral domains and fields, Characteristic of a ring,
Homomorphism of rings, Ideals, Quotient rings.

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

Trigonometry
Unit 5.
Complex functions and separation into real and imaginary parts, Exponential,
direct and inverse trigonometric and hyperbolic functions, logarithmic function,
Gregory’s series, Summation of series.

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

B.A. (MATHEMATICS)
FIRST YEAR DETAILED SYALLBUS
PAPER – 102
CALCULUS

Differential Calculus
Unit 1.
Definition of the limit of a function, Continuous functions and classification of
discontinuities, Differentiability, Chain rule of differentiability, Rolle’s theorem,
First and second mean value theorems, Taylor’s theorems with Lagrange’s and
Cauchy’s forms of remainder, Successive differentiation and Leibnitz’s theorem.

Unit 2.
Expansion of functions (in Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s series), indeterminate forms,
Partial differentiation and Euler’s theorem, Jacobians.

Unit 3.
Maxima and Minima (for functions of two variables), Tangents and normals (polar
form only), Curvature, Envelopes and evolutes.

Unit 4(a).
Asymptotes, Tests for concavity and convexity, Points of inflexion, Multiple points,
Tracing of curves in Cartesian and polar co-ordinates.

Integral Calculus
Unit 4(b).
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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

Reduction formulae, Beta and Gamma functions.

Unit 5.

Qudrature, Rectification, Volumes and surfaces of solids of revolution, Pappus

theorem, Double and triple integrals, Change of order of integration, Dirichlet’s
and Liouville’s integral formulae.

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

B.A. (MATHEMATICS)
FIRST YEAR DETAILED SYALLBUS
PAPER – 103
GEOMETRY AND VECTOR CALCULUS
Geometry
Unit 1.
General equation of second degree, Tracing of conics, System of conics, Confocal
conics, Polar equation of a conic and its properties.

Unit 2.
Three dimensional system of co-ordinates, Projection and direction cosines, Plane,
Straight line.

Unit 3.
Sphere, cone and cylinder.

Unit 4.
Central conicoids, Reduction of general equation of second degree, Tangent plane
and normal to a conicoid, Pole and polar, Conjugate diameters, Generating lines,
Plane sections.

Vector Calculus
Unit 5.
Vector differentiation and integration, Gradient, divergence and curl and their
properties, Line integrals, Theorems of Gauss, Green and Stokes and problems
based on these.
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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

B.A. (MATHEMATICS)
FIRST YEAR DETAILED SYALLBUS
PAPER – 104
PRACTICAL

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

B.A. (MATHEMATICS)
SECOND YEAR DETAILED SYALLBUS
PAPER – 201
LINEAR ALGEBRA and MATRICES
Linear Algebra
Unit 1.
Vector spaces and their elementary properties, Subspaces, Linear dependence and
independence, Basis and dimension, Direct sum, Quotient space.

Unit 2.
Linear transformations and their algebra, Range and null space, Rank and nullity,
Matrix representation of linear transformations, Change of basis.

Unit 3.
Linear functionals, Dual space, Bi-dual space, Natural isomorphism, Annihilators,
Bilinear and quadratic forms, Inner product spaces, Cauchy-Schwarz’s inequality,
Bessel’s inequality and orthogonality.

Matrices
Unit 4.
Symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices, Hermitian and skew-Hermitian matrices,
Orthogonal and unitary matrices, Triangular and diagonal matrices, Rank of a
matrix, Elementary transformations, Echelon and normal forms, Inverse of a
matrix by elementary transformations.

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

Unit 5.
Characteristic equation, Eigen values and Eigen vectors of a matrix, Clayey-
Hamilton’s theorem and its use in finding inverse of a matrix, Application of
matrices to solve a system of linear (both homogeneous and non-homogeneous)
equations, Consistency and general solution, Diagonalization of square matrices
with distinct Eigen values, Quadratic forms.

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

B.A. (MATHEMATICS)
SECOND YEAR DETAILED SYALLBUS
PAPER – 202
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND INTEGRAL TRANSFORMS

Differential Equations
Unit 1. Formation of a differential equation (D.E.), Degree, order and solution of a
D.E., Equations of first order and first degree : Separation of variables method,
Solution of homogeneous equations, linear equations and exact equations, Linear
differential equations with constant coefficients, Homogeneous linear differential
equations,

Unit 2. Differential equations of the first order but not of the first degree,
Clairaut’s equations and singular solutions, Orthogonal trajectories, Simultaneous
linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Linear differential
equations of the second order (including the method of variation of parameters),

Unit 3. Series solutions of second order differential equations, Legendre and

Bessel functions (Pn and Jn only) and their properties.
Order, degree and formation of partial differential equations, Partial differential
equations of the first order, Lagrange’s equations, Charpit’s general method,
Linear partial differential equations with constant coefficients.

Unit 4(i). Partial differential equations of the second order, Monge’s method.

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

Integral Transforms
Unit 4(ii). The concept of transform, Integral transforms and kernel, Linearity
property of transforms, Laplace transform, Inverse Laplace transform, Convolution
theorem, Applications of Laplace transform to solve ordinary differential
equations.

Unit 5. Fourier transforms (finite and infinite), Fourier integral, Applications of

Fourier transform to boundary value problems, Fourier series.

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

B.A. (MATHEMATICS)
SECOND YEAR DETAILED SYALLBUS
PAPER – 203
MECHANICS
Dynamics
Unit 1.
Velocity and acceleration along radial and transverse directions, and along
tangential and normal directions, Simple harmonic motion, Motion under other
laws of forces, Earth attraction, Elastic strings.

Unit 2.
Motion in resisting medium, Constrained motion (circular and cycloidal only).
Unit 3.
Motion on smooth and rough plane curves, Rocket motion, Central orbits and
Kepler’s law, Motion of a particle in three dimensions.

Statistics
Unit 4.
Common catenary, Centre of gravity, Stable and unstable equilibrium, Virtual
work.

Unit 5.
Forces in three dimensions, Poinsot’s central axis, Wrenches, Null line and null
plane.

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

B.A. (MATHEMATICS)
SECOND YEAR DETAILED SYALLBUS
PAPER – 204
PRACTICAL

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

B.A. (MATHEMATICS)
THIRD YEAR DETAILED SYALLBUS
PAPER – 301
REAL ANALYSIS
Unit 1.
Axiomatic study of real numbers, Completeness property in R, Archimedean
property, Countable and uncountable sets, Neighbourhood, Interior points, Limit
points, Open and closed sets, Derived sets, Dense sets, Perfect sets, Bolzano-
Weierstrass theorem.

Unit 2.
Sequences of real numbers, Subsequences, Bounded and monotonic sequences,
Convergent sequences, Cauchy’s theorems on limit, Cauchy sequence, Cauchy’s
general principle of convergence, Uniform convergence of sequences and series of
functions, Weierstrass M-test, Abel’s and Dirichlet’s tests.

Unit 3.
Sequential continuity, Boundeness and intermediate value properties of
continuous functions, Uniform continuity, Meaning of sign of derivative, Darboux
theorem.
Limit and continuity of functions of two variables, Taylor’s theorem for functions
of two variables, Maxima and minima of functions of three variables, Lagrange’s
method of undetermined multipliers.

Unit 4.
Riemann integral, Integrability of continuous and monotonic functions,

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

Fundamental theorem of integral calculus, Mean value theorems of integral

calculus, Improper integrals and their convergence, Comparison test, -test, Abel’s
test, Dirichlet’s test, Integral as a function of a parameter and its differentiability
and integrability.

Unit 5.

Definition and examples of metric spaces, Neighbourhoods, Interior points, Limit

points, Open and closed sets, Subspaces, Convergent and Cauchy sequences,
Completeness, Cantor’s intersection theorem.

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

B.A. (MATHEMATICS)
THIRD YEAR DETAILED SYALLBUS
PAPER – 302
COMPLEX ANALYSIS

Unit 1.
Functions of a complex variable, Concepts of limit, continuity and differentiability
of complex functions, Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations (Cartesian
and polar form), Harmonic functions, Orthogonal system, Power series as an
analytic function.

Unit 2.
Elementary functions, Mapping by elementary functions, Linear and bilinear
transformations, Fixed points, Cross ratio, Inverse points and critical points,
Conformal transformations.

Unit 3.
Complex Integration, Line integral, Cauchy’s fundamental theorem, Cauchy’s
integral formula, Morera’s theorem, Liouville theorem, Maximum Modulus
theorem, Taylor and Laurent series.

Unit 4.
Singularities and zeros of an analytic function, Rouche’s theorem, Fundamental
theorem of algebra, Analytic continuation.

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

Unit 5.

Residue theorem and its applications to the evaluation of definite integrals,

Argument principle.

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

B.A. (MATHEMATICS)
THIRD YEAR DETAILED SYALLBUS
PAPER – 303
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND PROGRAMMING IN C

Numerical Analysis
Unit 1.
Shift operator, Forward and backward difference operators and their relationships,
Fundamental theorem of difference calculus, Interpolation, Newton-Gregory’s
forward and backward interpolation formulae.

Unit 2.
Divided differences, Newton’s divided difference formula, Lagrange’s interpolation
formula, Central differences, Formulae based on central differences: Gauss,
Striling’s, Bessel’s and Everett’s interpolation formulae, Numerical differentiation.

Unit 3.
Numerical integration, General quadrature formula, Trapezoidal and Simpson’s
rules, Weddle’s rule, Cote’s formula, Numerical solution of first order differential
equations : Euler’s method, Picard’s method, Runge-Kutta method and Milne’s
method, Numerical solution of linear, homogeneous and simultaneous difference
equations, Generating function method.

Unit 4.
Solution of transcendental and polynomial equations by iteration, bisection,
Regula-Falsi and Newton-Raphson methods, Algebraic eigen value problems :
Power method, Jacobi’s method, Given’s method, Householder’s method and Q-R
method, Approximation : Different types of approximations, Least square
polynomial approximation, Polynomial approximation using orthogonal
polynomials, Legendre approximation, Approximation with trigonometric
functions, exponential functions, rational functions, Chebyshev polynomials.
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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

Programming in C
Unit 5.
Programmer’s model of computer, Algorithms, Data type, Arithmetic and
input/out instruction, Decisions, Control structures, Decision statements, Logical
and conditional operators, Loop case control structures, Functions, Recursion,
Preprocessors, Arrays, Puppetting of strings Structures, Pointers, File formatting.

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

B.A. (MATHEMATICS)
THIRD YEAR DETAILED SYALLBUS
OPTIONAL PAPER – 304

Paper 304 (A): NUMBER THEORY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY

Paper 304 (B): LINEAR PROGRAMMING

Paper 304 (C): DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY AND TENSOR ANALYSIS

Paper 304 (D): PRINCIPLES OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

Paper 304 (E): DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

Paper 304 (F): MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

B.A. (MATHEMATICS)
THIRD YEAR DETAILED SYALLBUS
OPTIONAL PAPER – 304
Paper 304 (A):

NUMBER THEORY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY

Unit 1.
Divisibility : gcd, lcm, prime numbers, fundamental theorem of arithmetic, perfect
numbers, floor and ceiling functions, Congruence : properties, complete and
reduced residue systems, Fermat’s theorem, Euler functions, Chinese remaineder
theorem.

Unit 2.
Primality testing and factorization algorithms, Pseudo-primes, Fermat’s pseudo-
primes, Pollard’s rho method for factorization.

Unit 3.
Introduction to cryptography : Attacks, services and mechanisms, Security services,
Conventional encryption - Classical techniques : Model, Stegnanography, Classical
encryption technique, Modern techniques : DES, cryptanalysis, block cipher
principles and design, Key distribution problem, Random number generation.

Unit 4.
Hash functions, Public key cryptography, Diffie-Hellmann key exchange, Discrete
logarithm-based crypto-systems, RSA crypto-system, Signature schemes, Digital
signature standard (DSA), RSA signature schemes, Knapsack problem.

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

Unit 5.
Elliptic curve cryptography : Introduction to elliptic curves, Group structure,
Rational points on elliptic curves, Elliptic curve cryptography, Applications in
cryptography and factorization, Known attacks.

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

B.A. (MATHEMATICS)
THIRD YEAR DETAILED SYALLBUS
OPTIONAL PAPER – 304
Paper 304 (B):

LINEAR PROGRAMMING
Unit 1.
Linear programming problems, Statement and formation of general linear
programming problems, Graphical method, Slack, and surplus variables, Standard
and matrix forms of linear programming problem, Basic feasible solution.

Unit 2.
Convex sets, Fundamental theorem of linear programming, Simplex method,
Artificial variables, Big-M method, Two phase method.

Unit 3.
Resolution of degeneracy, Revised simplex method, Sensitivity Analysis.

Unit 4.
Duality in linear programming problems, Dual simplex method, Primal-dual
method Integer programming.

Unit 5.
Transportation problems, Assignment problems.

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

B.A. (MATHEMATICS)
THIRD YEAR DETAILED SYALLBUS
OPTIONAL PAPER – 304
Paper 304 (C):

DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY AND TENSOR ANALYSIS

Differential Geometry
Unit 1.
Local theory of curves- Space curves, Examples, Plane curves, tangent and normal
and binormal, Osculating plane, normal plane and rectifying plane, Helices, Serret-
Frenet apparatus, contact between curve and surfaces, tangent surfaces, involutes
and evolutes of curves, Intrinsic equations, fundamental existence theorem for
space curves, Local theory of surfaces- Parametric patches on surface curve of a
surface, surfaces of revolutions, Helicoids, metric-first fundamental form and arc
length.

Unit 2.
Local theory of surfaces (Contd.), Direction coefficients, families of curves, intrinsic
properties, geodesics, canonical geodesic equations, normal properties of
geodesics, geodesics curvature, geodesics polars, Gauss-Bonnet theorem,
Gaussian curvature, normal curvature, Meusneir’s theorem, mean curvature,
Gaussian curvature, umbilic points, lines of curvature, Rodrigue’s formula, Euler’s
theorem.

Unit 3.
The fundamental equation of surface theory – The equation of Gauss, the

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

equation of Weingarten, the Mainardi-Codazzi equation, Tensor algebra : Vector

spaces, the dual spaces, tensor product of vector spaces, transformation formulae,
contraction, special tensor, inner product, associated tensor.

Unit 4.
Differential Manifold-examples, tangent vectors, connexions, covariant
differentiation. Elements of general Riemannian geometry-Riemannian metric, the
fundamental theorem of local Riemannian Geometry, Differential parameters,
curvature tensor, Geodesics, geodesics curvature, geometrical interpretation of
the curvature tensor and special Riemannian spaces.

Tensor Analysis
Unit 5.
Contravariant and covariant vectors and tensors, Mixed tensors, Symmetric and
skew-symmetric tensors, Algebra of tensors, Contraction and inner product,
Quotient theorem, Reciprocal tensors, Christoffel’s symbols, Covariant
differentiation, Gradient, divergence and curl in tensor notation.

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

B.A. (MATHEMATICS)
THIRD YEAR DETAILED SYALLBUS
OPTIONAL PAPER – 304
Paper 304 (D):

PRINCIPLES OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

Unit 1.
Data Storage - Storage of bits, main memory, mass storage, Information of
storage, The binary system, Storing integers, stroring fractions, communication
errors.
Data Manipulations - The central processing unit, The stored program concept,
Programme execution, Other Architectures, arithmetic/logic instructions,
Computer – peripheral communication.

Unit 2.
Operating System and Network – The evolution of operating system, Operating
system architecture, Coordinating the machine’s activates, Handling competition
among process, networks, network protocol.

Unit 3.
Algorithms - The concept of an algorithm, Algorithm representation, Algorithm,
Discovery, Iterative structure, Recursive structures, Efficiency and correctness,
(algorithm to be implemented in C++).

Unit 4.
Programming Languages - Historical perspective, Traditional programming

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

Concepts, Program units, Languages implementation, Parallel computing,

Declarative computing.

Unit 5.

Software Engineering - The software engineering discipline, The software life

cycle, Modularity, Development, Tools and techniques, Documentation, Software
ownership and liability. Data Structures - Array, Lists, Stack, Queues, Trees,
Customised data types, Object-oriented.

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

B.A. (MATHEMATICS)
THIRD YEAR DETAILED SYALLBUS
OPTIONAL PAPER – 304
Paper 304 (E):

DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

Unit 1.
Propositional Logic - Proposition logic, basic logic, logical connectives, truth tables,
tautologies, contradiction, normal forms (conjunctive and disjunctive), modus
ponens and modus tollens, validity, predicate logic, universal and existential
quantification.
Method of Proof - Mathematical induction, proof by implication, converse,
inverse, contrapositive, negation, and contradiction, direct proof by using truth
table, proof by counter example.

Unit 2.
Relation - Definition, types of relation, composition of relations, domain and range
of a relation, pictorial representation of relation, properties of relation, partial
ordering relation.
Posets, Hasse Diagram and Lattices - Introduction, ordered set, Hasse diagram of
partially ordered set, isomorphic ordered set, well ordered set, properties of
lattices, and complemented lattices.
Boolean Algebra - Basic definitions, Sum of products and product of sums, Logic
gates and Karnaugh maps.

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

Unit 3.
Graphs - Simple graph, multi graph, graph terminology, representation of graphs,
Bipartite, regular, planar and connected graphs, connected components in a
graph, Euler graphs, Hamiltonian path and circuits, Graph colouring, chromatic
number, isomorphism and homomorphism of graphs.
Tree - Definition, Rooted tree, properties of trees, binary search tree, tree
traversal.

Unit 4.
Combinatorics - Basics of counting, permutations, combinations, inclusion-
exclusion, recurrence relations (nth order recurrence relation with constant
coefficients, Homogeneous recurrence relations, Inhomogeneous recurrence
relations), generating function (closed form expression, properties of G.F., solution
of recurrence relation using, G.F, solution of combinatorial problem using G.F.).

Unit 5.
Finite Automata - Basic concepts of automation theory, Deterministic finite
automation (DFA), transition function, transition table, Non deterministic finite
automata (NDFA), Mealy and Moore machine, Minimization of finite automation.

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

B.A. (MATHEMATICS)
THIRD YEAR DETAILED SYALLBUS
OPTIONAL PAPER – 304
Paper 304 (F):

MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS

Unit 1.
Three definitions of probability (Mathematical, Empirical & axiomatic). Dependent,
independent and compound events.
Addition and multiplication theorems of probability, conditional probability.
Bionomial and multinomial theorems of probability, Baye’s theorem,
Mathematical expectation and its properties, Moment generating functions
(m.g.f.) and cumulants.

Distributions
Unit 2.
Discrete distributions – Binomial & Poisson distributions and their properties.
Continuous distributions – Distribution function, Probability density function
(Pdf), Cauchy’s distribution, rectangular distribution, exponential distribution,
Beta, Gamma Normal distributions and their properties.
Fitting of the Curves by method of least square – Straight line, parabola and
exponential curves.

Correlation and Regression

Unit 3.

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Bivariate population, Meaning of correlation & regression. Coefficient of

Correlation, rank correlation, lines of regression. Properties of regression
coefficients, Partial and multiple correlation and their simple Properties.

Sampling Theory
Unit 4.
Types of population, Parameters & Statistics, Null Hypothesis, Level of Significance,
critical region. Procedure for testing Hypothesis. Type I & Type II error, 
2
-
distribution and its properties.

Unit 5.
Simple and random sampling. Test of significance for large samples. Sampling
distribution of Mean. Standard error, Test of significance based on 2 . Test of
significance based on t,F & Z distribution, ANOVA.

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 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

B.A. (MATHEMATICS)
THIRD YEAR DETAILED SYALLBUS
PAPER – 305
PRACTICAL

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