RC solid slab – Example 1: simply supported one-way slab

Design a slab simply supported on two brick walls with a distance of 3 m c/c. total width of the slab is 5 m.

3m
Design data:
Finishes (excluding SW) = 0.35 kN/m2
b=5m Variable action = 2.5 kN/m2
Concrete grade = C25/30
Steel grade, fyk = 500 N/mm2
Nominal cover, cnom = 20 mm
Assumed bar = 10 mm
Trial slab thickness, H = 125 mm
 RC solid slab – Example 1: simply supported one-way slab
a) using the actual width in the design
SW = 0.125 x 5 x 25 = 15.625 kN/m
gk = 15.625 + 5 x 0.35 = 17.375 kN/m qk = 2.5 x 5 = 12.5 kN/m

Design load, n = 1.35(17.375) + 1.5(12.5) = 42.21 kN/m

As,min = max{0.26fctm(5000)(100)/500;
Mmax = nL2/8 = 47.49 kNm Vmax = nL/2 = 63.32 kN 0.0013(5000)(100)}
= max{676; 650} = 676 mm2
Bending reinf’t (main) design: As,max = 0.04Ac = 0.04(5000)(125)
= 25000 mm2
d = H – cnom - bar/2 = 125 – 20 – 10/2 = 100 mm

K = 47.49x106/(5000x1002x25) = 0.038 < Kbal (0.167) → singly

z = 0.97d > 0.95d → 0.95d → As,req = 47.49x106/(0.87x500x0.95x100) = 1149 mm2 > As,min
➔ propose 16H10 (1256 mm2) < As,max

Proposed reinf’t OK? → actual spacing for 16H10  330 mm Try to calculate it yourself
< 3H@400 = 375 mm (OK)
No load transfer in transverse direction
→ Transverse reinf’t:
→ take As,min in transverse direction (b = 3000)

As,min(trans) = max{0.26fctm(3000)(100)/500; 0.0013(3000)(100)}

= max{405; 390} = 405 mm2
As,max(trans) = 0.04(3000)(125) = 15000 mm2

Propose transverse reinf’t ➔ 8H10 (< As,max(trans)) ➔ (spacing = 421 mm - try it yourself) – OK?

Shear check:

VEd = Vmax = 63.32 kN

k = 1 + (200/100)0.5 = 2.41 > 2.0; l = 1256/(5000 x 100) = 0.0025 < 0.02

VRd,c = max {0.12k(100 l fck)1/3; 0.035 k3/2 fck1/2} bd

= max {0.44; 0.49} (5000)(100) = 245000 N = 245 kN > VEd (63.32 kN)
→ no shear reinf’t req’d
Deflection check:

 = As,req/bd = 1149/(5000 x 100) = 0.0023; 0 = (25)0.5 x 10-3 = 0.005 →  < 0

→ Use eq 7.16a; From table 7.4N, K = 1.0 (simply supported)

3ൗ
𝑙 0.005 0.005 2
= 1.0 11 + 1.5 25 + 3.2 25 −1 = 47.65
𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 0.0023 0.0023

modification factor: span (3 m) < 7 m → MF1 = 1.0; section shape = rectangular → MF2 = 1.0
MF3 = 310/s = 500/500 x 1256/1149 = 1.09 < 1.5

(l/d)allowable = (l/d)basic x MF1,2,3 = 47.65 x 1.09 = 51.93 > (l/d)actual = 3000/100 = 30

→ deflection pass
Crack check:

H = 125 mm < 200 mm → specific measures for crack control not req’d (sec. 7.3.3 EC2)
Detailing:

Maximum bar spacing, smax,slabs (Section 9.3 EC2)

For main reinforcement: Smax, slabs = 3h  400 mm = 385 mm
Actual bar spacing = 330 mm < Smax, slabs (OK !)

For transverse reinforcement: Smax, slabs = 3.5h  450 mm = 421 mm

Actual bar spacing = 300 mm < Smax, slabs (OK !)

8H10 (B)
16H10 (BB)

8H10 (B)

16H10 (BB)
 RC solid slab – Example 1: simply supported one-way slab
b) using a prescribed width (b = 1000) in the design
SW = 0.125 x 25 = 3.125 kN/m2
3m gk = 3.125 + 0.35 = 3.475 kN/m2
qk = 2.5 kN/m2
5m

Design load, n = 1.35(3.475) + 1.5(2.5)

= 8.44 kN/m2
n = 8.44 x 1 = 8.44 kN/m2/m
(for 1 m strip)

Mmax = nL2/8 = 9.5 kNm/m

Vmax = nL/2 = 12.66 kN/m

As,min = max{0.26fctm(1000)(100)/500;
0.0013(1000)(100)}
= max{135.2; 130} = 135.2 mm2/m
As,max = 0.04Ac = 0.04(1000)(125)
= 5000 mm2/m
Design main reinforcement:

d = h – c – bar/2 = 125 – 20 – 10/2 = 100

K = 9.5x106/(1000x1002x25) = 0.038 < Kbal (0.167) → singly
z = 0.97d > 0.95d → 0.95d → As,req = 9.5x106/(0.87x500x0.95x100) = 230 mm2/m > As,min
➔ propose H10-300 (262 mm2/m) < As,max
Transverse reinforcement (1 m strip)
Provide: H8-300 (As,prov = 168 mm2/m) > As,min

Shear check:

VEd = Vmax = 12.66 kN/m

k = 1 + (200/100)0.5 = 2.41 > 2.0; l = 262/(1000 x 100) = 0.0026 < 0.02

VRd,c = max {0.12k(100 l fck)1/3; 0.035 k3/2 fck1/2} bd

= max {0.44; 0.49} (1000)(100) = 49500 N/m = 49.5 kN/m > VEd (12.66 kN/m)
→ no shear reinf’t req’d
Deflection check:

 = As,req/bd = 230/(1000 x 100) = 0.0023; 0 = (25)0.5 x 10-3 = 0.005 →  < 0

→ Use eq 7.16a; From table 7.4N, K = 1.0 (simply supported)

3ൗ
𝑙 0.005 0.005 2
= 1.0 11 + 1.5 25 + 3.2 25 −1 = 49.2
𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 0.0023 0.0023

modification factor: span (3 m) < 7 m → MF1 = 1.0; section shape = rectangular → MF2 = 1.0
MF3 = 310/s = 500/500 x 262/230 = 1.17 < 1.5

(l/d)allowable = (l/d)basic x MF1,2,3 = 49.2 x 1.17 = 57.56 > (l/d)actual = 3000/100 = 30

→ deflection pass
Crack check:

H = 125 mm < 200 mm → specific measures for crack control not req’d (sec. 7.3.3 EC2)
Detailing:

Maximum bar spacing, smax,slabs (Section 9.3 EC2)

For main reinforcement: Smax, slabs = 3h  400 mm = 385 mm
Actual bar spacing = 300 mm < Smax, slabs (OK !)

For transverse reinforcement: Smax, slabs = 3.5h  450 mm = 437.5 mm

Actual bar spacing = 300 mm < Smax, slabs (OK !)

Try to pick up the differences in values, units and

reinf’t format used between example 1a and 1b
H8-300 (BT)

More steps required (during design and at site)

H10-300 (BB)

when checking of bar spacings is required.

→ common practice: use a fixed b (=1000) unless
actual width < 1000
H8-300 (BT)

H10-300 (BB)
 RC solid slab – Example 2: continuous one-way slab

Figure below shows a 1st floor plan of an office building. It is estimated that the 125 mm thick slab
will carry 4.0 kN/m2 variable action and 1.0 kN/m2 of finishes & suspended ceiling. This building is
exposed to XC1 exposure class. Carry out design and detailing for this slab.
4@3m

discontinuous
continuous
8m

Design data:
ly /lx = 8/3 = 2.67 > 2 (1-way continuous slab)
H = 125 mm
fck = 30 N/mm2
fyk = 500 N/mm2
Finishes + ceiling = 1.0 kN/m2
Variable action = 4.0 kN/m2
 Design load:

Total charac. dead load, gk = 25(0.125) + 1.0 = 4.125 kN/m2

Total charac. imposed load, qk = 4.0 kN/m2
Design load, n = 1.35(4.125) + 1.5(4) = 11.57 kN/m2
Consider 1 m width of slab, w = 11.57 x 1 m = 11.57 kN/m2/m

Design main reinforcement: Assumed bar

size = 10 mm

Nominal cover : Minimum cover (bond), cmin,b = bar = 10 mm

Minimum cover (durability), cmin,dur = 15 mm
Minimum value = 15 mm (assumed > cmin,equiv for fire requirement)
→ cmin = 15 mm Effective depth (main bar)
→ cnom = cmin + cdev = 15 + 10 = 25 mm d = H – c -  /2 = 95 mm
nom bar

To produce BMD and SFD for

this continuous slab, Table 3.12
(From BS 8110)
from BS8110 was used.
1.35Gk + 1.5 Qk
 (From BS 8110)

Bay area = (8 x 3) x 4 = 96 m2 > 30 m2 → OK

qk/gk = 4 / 4.125 = 0.97 < 1.25 → OK

qk = 4 kN/m2 < 5 kN/m2 → OK

F = wL = 11.57 x 3 m = 34.71 kN

discontinuous
continuous
w = 11.57 kN/m

3m 3m 3m 3m

4@3m 0.5F 0.5F 0.5F 0.6F

+ + + +

- - - -
1m 0.5F 0.5F 0.5F 0.46F
8m 0.063FL 0.063FL 0.086FL
0.063FL
- - -

+ + + +

0.063FL 0.063FL 0.063FL 0.075FL

a) At middle of end span (bottom)

M = 0.075FL = 0.075(34.71)(3) = 7.81 kNm/m Check!

K = 7.81x106/(1000x952x30) = 0.03 < Kbal (compression reinf’t not req’d)

z = 0.97d > 0.95d (use 0.95d) → As,req = 7.81x106/(0.87x500x0.95x95) = 199 mm2/m > As,min = 143
→ Provide: H10 – 300 (As,prov = 262 mm2/m) < As,max = ?

b) At first interior support (top)

M = 0.086FL = 0.086 (37.81)(3) = 9.75 kNm/m

K = 9.75x106/(1000x952x30) = 0.04 < Kbal (compression reinf’t not req’d)

z = 0.97d > 0.95d (use 0.95d) → As,req = 9.75x106/(0.87x500x0.95x95) = 248 mm2/m > As,min = 143
→ Provide: H10 – 300 (As,prov = 262 mm2/m) < As,max = ?

Transverse reinf’t: H8 – 300 (As,prov = 168 mm2/m) > As,min (for all locations)

M at interior supports and interior spans are < M at first interior support
→ H10 – 300 can be used for all these locations (otherwise, need to carried out design for all critical locations)
Shear check:

Since all the continuous slab panels are having similar slab thickness and proposed reinforcement, shear check is
required to be performed at the most critical location only (otherwise all critical locations need to be checked).

VEd = 0.6F = 0.6 (34.71) = 20.83 kN

k = 1 + (200/95)0.5 = 2.45 > 2.0; l = 262/(1000 x 95) = 0.0027 < 0.02

VRd,c = max {0.12k(100 l fck)1/3; 0.035 k3/2 fck1/2} bd

= max {0.48; 0.54} (1000)(95) = 51.3 kN/m > VEd (20.83 kN/m)
→ no shear reinf’t req’d

Deflection check:

Since all spans have similar length (L), thickness (H) and proposed reinforcement, deflection check only need to
be carried out at the span with highest midspan moment → end span (M = 7.81 kNm/m, As,req = 199 mm2/m)

 = As,req/bd = 199/(1000 x 95) = 0.00209; 0 = (30)0.5 x 10-3 = 0.00548 →  < 0

→ Use eq 7.16a; From table 7.4N, K = 1.3 (end span)

3ൗ
𝑙 0.00548 0.00548 2
= 1.3 11 + 1.5 30 + 3.2 30 −1 = 88.35
𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 0.00209 0.00209
modification factor: span (3 m) < 7 m → MF1 = 1.0; section shape = rectangular → MF2 = 1.0
MF3 = 310/s = 500/500 x 262/199 = 1.31 < 1.5
(l/d)allowable = (l/d)basic x MF1,2,3 = 88.35 x 1.31 = 115.73 > (l/d)actual = 3000/95 = 31.6
→ deflection pass

Crack check:

h = 125 mm < 200 mm OK ! (Section 7.3.3 EC2)

→ specific measures to control cracking is not necessary.

Detailing:
Maximum bar spacing, smax,slabs (Section 9.3 EC2)

For main reinforcement: smax, slabs = 3h  400 mm = 375 mm

Actual bar spacing = 300 mm < smax, slabs OK !

For transverse reinforcement: smax, slabs = 3.5h  450 mm = 437.5 mm

Actual bar spacing = 300 mm < smax, slabs OK !
 H10 – 300 (TT)
H10 – 300 (TT)
H8 – 300 (B) H8 – 300 (B)

H10 – 300 (BB)

H10 – 300 (BB)

H10 – 300 (BB)

H8 – 300 (TT)
H10 – 300 (BB)

discontinuous
continuous

H10 – 300 (TT)

H10 – 300 (TT)

H8 – 300 (B)
H8 – 300 (B)

H8 – 300 (T) H8 – 300 (T) H8 – 300 (T) H8 – 300 (T)

 0.3 L4  0.3 L4  0.3 L2 @ 0.3 L3  0.3 L2 @ 0.3 L3

 0.3 L3 @ 0.3 L4  0.3 L3 @ 0.3 L4  0.3 L1 @ 0.3 L2  0.3 L1 @ 0.3 L2  0.15 L

H8—300(T) H10-300 (TT) H8—300(T) H10-300 (TT) H8—300(T) H10-300 (TT) H8—300(T) H10-300 (TT) H8-300 (TT)

H8 – 300 (B) H8 – 300 (B) H8 – 300 (B) H8 – 300 (B)

H10 – 300 (BB) H10 – 300 (BB) H10 – 300 (BB) H10 – 300 (BB)
L4 L3 L2 L1