Example 2: Simply supported beam design – flanged section

REFERENCE CALCULATION OUTPUT

Question Design Beam 2/A-C
• Provide the main reinforcement
area
• Provide the shear link
• Check beam deflection
• Check the crack
• Provide the detailing for the
beam
• Use the following data:
– Slab thickness, h = 150 mm
– Beam size, bw x h = 250 x 450 mm
– fck = 30 N/mm2
– fyk = 500 N/mm2
– Nominal cover, cnom = 30 mm
– Concrete unit weight = 25 kN/m3
– Variable Action, qk = 1.5 kN/m2
– Finishing = 1.0 kN/m2

Figure 1 (All unit in mm)

Solution Load analysis

Slab self-weigth = 0.15*25 = 3.75 kN/m2
Finishing = 1.0 kN/m2
Permanent action , gk = 4.75 kN/m2
Variable action, qk = 1.5 kN/m2
Design Action, wd = 1.35gk + 1.5qk
= 1.35(4.75) + 1.5(1.5) = 8.66 kN/m2
REFERENCE CALCULATION OUTPUT
Load on Beam B/1-2
From Slab A-B/1-2 = wd lx/3= 8.66/3 x (3.5) = 10.10 kN/m
From Slab B-C/1-2 = wd lx /6 x [3 - (lx/ly)2]
= (8.66x2.5)/6 x [3 - (2.5/3.5)2]
= 8.98 kN/m
S/w beam = 1.35[25*0.25(0.45-0.15)] = 2.53 kN/m
Total Load on Beam B/1-2, WEd (B/1-2) = 21.61 kN/m

W = 21.61 kN/m

3.5 m

Shear force = wEdL/2 = 21.61(3.5)/2 = 37.82 kN - Point load on

Beam 2/A-C

Load on Beam 2/A-C

From Slab A-B/1-2 = w lx /6 (3-lx/ly) 2 = 8.66 x 3.5/6 [3-(3.5/4)2]
= 11.77 kN/m
From Slab B-C/1-2 = w lx /3 = 8.66 x 2.5/3 = 7.22 kN/m
From Slab A-C/2-3 = w lx/2 = 8.66 x 3 /2 = 12.99 kN/m
S/w beam = 1.35[25* 0.25(0.45-0.15)] = 2.53 kN/m

Beam Analysis
P = 37.82 kN
Slab A-B/1-2 & Slab A-C/2-3 + sw Slab B-C/1-2 & Slab A-C/2-3 +
beam = 27.29 kN/m sw beam = 22.74 kN/m

4.0 m 2.5 m
REFERENCE CALCULATION OUTPUT
Shear force,V
ƩM@A = 0
(27.29x4)(2) + 37.82(4) + (22.74x2.5)(5.25) – VC(6.5) =0
VC = 102.78 kN
ƩFy = 0
VA – (27.29x4) – 37.82 – (22.74x2.5) + 102.78 = 0
VA = 101.05 kN

Bending Moment, M
M = 0.5(101.05)(3.703) = 187.09 kNm

Shear Force, VEd = 102.78 kN

Bending Moment, MEd = 187.09 kNm

5.3.2 Effective width of Flange

MS EN 1992- lo = 6500 mm
1-1 b1 = (3500 – 125 – 125)/2 = 1625 mm
b1 = (3000 – 125 – 125)/2 = 1375 mm

beff = beffi + bw < b

beff1 = 0.2b1 + 0.1lo < 0.2lo = 0.2(1625) + 0.1 (6500)
= 975 mm < 1300 mm
beff2 = 0.2b2 + 0.1lo < 0.2lo = 0.2(1375) + 0.1 (6500)
= 925 mm < 1300 mm

beff = beffi + bw < b = 975 +925 +250 < 3000 mm Use: bf =

= 2150 < 3000 mm ; use 2150 mm 2150 mm

Main reinforcement
Use : bar,t = 16 mm, bar,c = 16 mm, link = 8 mm,
Nominal cover, cnom = 30 mm

Effective depth, d
d = h – cnom - link - bar/2 = 450 – 30 – 8 – 16/2
= 404 mm
d’ = Cnom + link + bar/2 = 30 + 8 + 16/2
= 46 mm

Mf = 0.567fckbhf(d – 0.5 hf)

= 0.567 x 30 x 2150 x 150 (400 – 0.5 x 150)
= 1782 kNm

M < Mf
 Neutral axis lies in flange

K = M/fckbd2
= 187.09 x 106 / (30 x 2150 x 4042)
REFERENCE CALCULATION OUTPUT
= 0.018 < Kbal = 0.167 : Compression
reinforcement not required

z = d[ 0.5 + (0.25 –K/1.134) 1/2] Use:

= 0.98 d > 0.95d : Use 0.95d 8H16
(Asprov
As = M/0.87fykz =1609
= 187.09x106/(0.87 x 500 x 0.95 x 404) mm2)
= 1120.6 mm2

Minimum and maximum reinforcement area,

Asmin = 152.31 mm2 @ 131.3 mm2
Asmax = 4500 mm2

Shear
6.2 Design shear force, VEd = 102.78 kN

Concrete strut capacity

VRd, max= 0.36bwfck (1 – fck/250)
(cot  + tan )

= 819 kN ---------  = 22 deg cot  = 2.5

VEd < VRd, max cot  = 2.5

--- Therefore angle  = 220

Shear links
Asw / s = VEd / 0.78 fykd cot  = 0.513VEd/fykd
= 0.513 x 102.78 x 103 / (500 x 404)
= 0.261
Use links: H8. Asw = 101 mm2
Spacing, s = Asw/0.261 = 101/0.261
= 387 mm
Use: H8
Maximum spacing, Svmax = 0.75d = 303 mm – 300

Additional longitudinal reinforcement

Additional tensile force,
9.2.2(6)
Ftd = 0.5 VEd cot 
= 0.5 x 102 x 2.5
6.2.3 (7) = 127.5 kN

Additional tension reinforcement,

As = Ftd / 0.87 fyk
= 127.5 x 103 / (0.87 x 500) Use:
= 293 mm2 2H16
(As = 402
To be added to As for flexure support (after curtailment) mm2/m)
REFERENCE CALCULATION OUTPUT
Transverse steel in the flange
The longitudinal shear stresses are the greatest over a distance
x measured from the point of zero moment
x = 0.5(3.703) = 1852 mm

The change in moment over distance x from zero moment,

M = 187.09 – (27.29x1.852)(0.926) = 140.29 kNm

The change in longitudinal force,

Fd = [M /(d-0.5hf) ] x [(b-bw)/2b]
= [140.29 x 103/(404-75) ] x [2150-250)/(2 x 2150)]
= 426.41 x 0.44
= 187.62 kN
6.2.4(6) Longitudinal shear stress
vEd = Fd / (hfx)
= 187.62 x 103 / (150 x 1852)
= 0.68 N/mm2

vEd > 0.27fctk = 0.27 x 2.0 = 0.54 N/mm2

 Transverse steel reinforcement is required

Concrete strut capacity in the flange

vrd,max = 0.4fck(1-fck/250) / (cot  f + tan f)
= 0.4 x 30 x (1 – 30/250)
(cot f + tan f)
= 4.2 N/mm2 ➔ f = 26.5o cot f = 2.0

vEd < vEd,max cot f = 2.0

Therefore angle f = 26.5o

Transverse shear reinforcement

Asf/sf = vEd hf /0.87fyk cot f
= 0.68 x 150 /(0.87 x 500 x 2.0)
= 0.117

Use H8, Asf = 50.3 mm2

sf = 50.3/0.117
= 430 mm

Minimum transverse steel area,

As,min = 0.26(fctm/fyk)bhf > 0.0013bhf
= 0.26 (2.9/500)bhf > 0.0013bhf Use: H8-
9.2.1.1 = 0.0015bhf 175
= 0.0015 x 1000 x 150 (As = 287
= 225 mm2/m mm2/m)
REFERENCE CALCULATION OUTPUT
DEFLECTION
7.4
Percentage of required tension reinforcement = ’/
 = As req / bd = 1120.6 / (250 x 404) = 0.011 =
0.00/0.011
Reference reinforcement ratio. = 0.0
o = (fck)1/2 x 10-3 = (30) 1/2 x 10-3 = 0.0055
= o
Factor for structural system , K = 1.0 -’
Table 7.4 N
o = 0.0055 <  = 0.011 : Use = 0.0055
(0.011-
𝑙 𝜌𝑜 1 𝜌 ′ 0.00)
= 𝐾 [ 11+1.5√𝑓𝑐𝑘𝜌−𝜌′ + √𝑓𝑐𝑘 √ ]
12 𝜌
𝑑 = 0.5
l/d = 1.0 [ 11 + ( 1.5 (30)1/2 x 0.5) + 3.2 x (30)1/2 x (0)1/2]
=1.0 [11 + 4.11 + 0]
= 15.11

Therefore basic span-effective depth ratio , l/d = 15.11

Modification factor for steel area provided,

- Tension = Asprov / Asreq = 1609 / 1120.6 = 1.44 < 1.5

Therefore allowable span effective depth, (l/d) allowable

=bf/b
(l/d) allowable = 15.11 x 1.44 x 0.8 = 17.41
=2150/250
= 8.6
Actual span effective depth, (l/d)actual
(l/d)actual = 6500/404 = 16.09
Deflection
(l/d) allowable > (l/d)actual ➔ OK
ok. Pass
CRACKING

7.3 Limiting crack width, wmax = 0.3 mm

Table 7.1N Steel stress, fs
𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝐺𝑘+0.3𝑄𝑘 1 500
fs = 1.15 x (1.35𝐺𝑘+1.5𝑄𝑘)  = 1.15 x 0.55
= 239 N/mm2

Max. allowable bar spacing = 200 mm

Table 7.3N Actual bar spacing, s = [ h – 2(Cnom) – 2(links) - 20]/(n-1)
= [250 – 2(30) – 2(8) – 16]/(4-1)
= 52.7 mm Ok. pass
Actual = 52.7 mm < Allow, 200 mm ➔ OK
REFERENCE CALCULATION OUTPUT

Beam Detailing