❑ Session thirteen

Dynamics
✓ Problems Idea
 Idea Reading of the scale
There are two types of scales

Two pans scale : Spring scale or pressure scale :

Those scales read the real weight of the

This scale read the real weight of body in only two conditions
the body whatever it’s conditions 1- at rest
2- moving with uniform velocity
1- at rest , moving with uniform
velocity But if the body is moving up or down
2 – moving up or down with with uniform acceleration the reading of
uniform acceleration the scales will not be equal the real weight
 Idea Reading of the scale
Spring scale or pressure scale : How to get the reading of the scale
Reading = Normal reaction = Pressure = Tension in the rope of spring scale

1st - If the body is at rest or moving with uniform velocity ⇒ ∴ 𝒎𝒂 ⇒ ∴ 𝑵 = 𝒎𝒈

THE BODY IS MOVING UP THE BODY IS MOVING DOWN

With acceleration With acceleration

𝒎𝒂 = 𝑵 − 𝒎𝒈 𝒎𝒂 = 𝒎𝒈 − 𝑵
⇒ ∴ 𝑵 = 𝒎𝒂 + 𝒎𝒈 ⇒ ∴ 𝑵 = 𝒎𝒈 − 𝒎𝒂
With deceleration With deceleration
− 𝒎𝒂 = 𝑵 − 𝒎𝒈 −𝒎𝒂 = 𝒎𝒈 − 𝑵
⇒ ∴ 𝑵 = 𝒎𝒈 − 𝒎𝒂 ⇒ ∴ 𝑵 = 𝒎𝒈 + 𝒎𝒂
1

A common balance inside a moving lift has fruits on one side of

weight 3 kg.wt. Its equipoise with a mass of 3 kg. on the other
side, then the lift is .......
a) at rest b) moving with uniform velocity
c) moving with acceleration d) all the previous
2

A person stands on a pressure scale fixed at the floor of a lift the scale reads 75
kg.wt. As the lift moves up with acceleration a 𝒎./𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 and reads 69 kg. wt. as the
lift moves down with the same acceleration, then the real weight of the person is
….. Kg.wt.
𝟑𝟔𝟎
a) 72 b) 70 c) 71 d) 𝟒𝟗
3

A lady of mass 63 kg. is inside a lift. She carries on her shoulder a child of mass
7 kg. The lift moved vertically upwards with an acceleration 𝟐𝟒𝟓 𝒄𝒎./𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 then
the pressure of the child on the shoulder of the lady = ⋯ kg.wt.
a) 8 b) 8.75 c) 9 d) 9.25
4

A man of weight 72 kg. stands on a pressure scale carrying a box of weight 2 kg.
on his hands. If the man moved the box vertically upwards with an acceleration
of magnitude 𝟒𝟗𝟎 𝒄𝒎./sec 2 , then the reading of the scale during the moving of
the box = ⋯ kg.wt.
a) 45 b) 55 c) 65 d) 75
5

A body of actual weight 28 newtons and apparent weight 32 newton in regard to

the spring scale reading inside a lift moving in a uniform deceleration, then the
direction of the motion is ....... and the direction of the acceleration is .....
a) downward, downward b) downward, upward
c) upward, downward d) upward, upward
6

A man of mass (𝒎𝟏 )kg. sitting on a chair of mass (𝒎𝟐 ) kg. inside a lift of mass
(𝒎𝟑 )kg. moving vertically upwards with acceleration 𝟕𝟎 𝒄𝒎./𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 , if the pressure
of the chair and the man together on the ground of the lift was 75 kg. wt. and the
tension in the wire carrying the lift was 525 kg.wt. ,
then the mass of the lift = ⋯ kg.
a) 490 b) 400 c) 420 d) 560
 Idea The change of the momentum ( impulse )
The main law : TAKE CONSIDERATION OF THE POSITIVE DIRECTIONS

𝑰Ԧ = 𝑭 . 𝒕 = 𝒎 . 𝒗 ` − 𝒗 𝒎𝒂 = 𝑵 − 𝒎𝒈 ⇒ hitting the ground

𝑭 = 𝒎𝒂 = 𝒎𝒂 = 𝑵 ⇒ hitting a vertical wall

𝒎𝒂 = 𝒎𝒈 + 𝑵 ⇒ hitting the celling
BUT we can put the law

If the ball changed its direction If the ball continued in the same direction

𝑰 = 𝒎 × 𝒗` − 𝒗
𝑰 = 𝒎 × 𝒗` + 𝒗 Note:
If given the magnitude of the impulse in this case
substitute with its NEGATIVE value in the equation
For example :
ball fall in a pool
A body impeded in a sand or dust
 Oil drop on a scale by a certain rate for time interval
𝒅𝒎 𝒅𝒎
Given the rate of change of mass = ⇒ Put mass = × 𝒕
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕

The oil drops from the height 𝑯 to coiled with the scale pan and did not rebound
𝑰 = 𝑭𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒔𝒗𝒆 × 𝒕 = 𝒎 𝒗𝟐 + 𝒗𝟏
By differentiate W.R.T time 𝒗𝒐 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒎 𝒂 = 𝟗. 𝟖
𝑭𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒔𝒗𝒆 = 𝒗𝟐 − 𝒗𝟏 𝒔=𝑯
𝒅𝒕
𝒗𝟏 = 𝟐𝒈𝑯 velocity before collision 𝑯
𝒗𝟐 = 𝟎 did not rebound after collision
𝒅𝒎 𝒗𝟏 = 𝟐𝒈𝑯
∴ 𝑭𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒔𝒗𝒆 = × 𝟐𝒈𝑯
𝒅𝒕 𝒗𝟐 = 𝟎
Required scale reading 𝑵
𝒎𝒂 = 𝑵 − 𝒎𝒈
𝒅𝒎
∴ 𝑵 = 𝒎𝒂 + 𝒎𝒈 = 𝑭𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒔𝒗𝒆 + ×𝒕 .𝒈
𝒅𝒕
7

A body of mass 150 kg. fell down from a point 140 cm. high above a sandy soil. It
was imbedded in it. If the resistance force of the sandy soil was 2250 kg.wt. , then
the body imbedded in the sand distance ….. Cm
a) 5 b) 10 c) 12 d) 15
8

A ball of mass 500 gm fell down from a height 2.5 m on a surface of a liquid . It
penetrated it where it become at rest after one second from the moment of
penetration . If the impulse of the liquid on it was 1.5 N.sec find the resistance
force on the ball
a) 6.9 N b) 24 N c) 9.8N d) 15 N
9

The oil flowed down continuously from height 90 cm . On a scale of spiral

balance with rate 𝟒𝟐𝟎 gm/min find in gm.wt the reading of the scale after 10 sec
Given that the oil doesn’t rebound after collision with the scale pan
a) 73 b) 71540 c) 715.4 d) 15
10

A particle moves in a straight line, its momentum changes by the rate 𝟐𝒕

𝒌𝒈. 𝒎./𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 where 𝒕 is time in seconds, then magnitude of the impulse of the
force acting on this particle during the tenth second = ⋯ newton. Sec
a) 17 b) 19 c) 20 d) 21
 Idea Pendulum problems
By using principal work-energy
𝜃
𝑻𝑨 + 𝑷𝑨 = 𝑻𝑩 + 𝑷𝑩 𝑳
𝟏 𝟏 𝑳−𝒙
𝒎𝑽𝑨 + 𝒎𝒈𝑯𝑨 = 𝒎𝑽𝟐𝑩 + 𝒎𝒈𝑯𝑩
𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏
𝒎𝑽𝟐𝑨 = 𝒎𝒈𝑯𝑩
𝟐 𝒙
𝟏 𝟐
𝑽𝑨 = 𝒈𝑯𝑩
𝟐
𝑽𝑨 = 𝟐𝒈𝑯𝒃 = 𝟐𝒈𝑳 𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝑽𝑩 = 𝟎 maximum height
𝑯𝑨 = 𝟎 reference point
𝑯𝑩 = 𝒙 = 𝑳 𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
11

A simple pendulum is made up of a light rod of length 40 cm. carrying a body of

mass 8 gm. suspended vertically and is oscillatory angle of measure 𝟏𝟐𝟎° Find :
(1) The increase of the potential energy at the end of the pathway more than at
the middle of the pathway.
(2) The velocity of the body at the middle of the pathway.
12

A bullet of mass 20 gm. is fired horizontally with speed 58.8 m./sec. at

a body of mass 100 gm. hanged at the end of a string of length 6 m. (as
shown in the figure) the bullet penetrates the body, then the vertical
distance the body and the bullet will move after impact = ⋯m.
a) 2.45 b) 4.9
c) 7.35 d) 9.8
 Idea Bolt problems

1st Bolt in the gun 2nd Bolt hit a target and rest at distance 𝑺
There is a collision happened inside the gun lead to By using principal
Impulse on the bolt firing it out with its velocity work- energy 𝑽𝟏 𝑽𝟐
𝐼 = 𝑚 × 𝑉 ` − 𝑉𝑜 𝑺
Where 𝑉𝑜 = 0 as the bolt was at rest inside the gun ∆𝑻 = 𝒎𝒂 × 𝑺
𝟏 𝑚𝑎 = −𝑅
⇒ ∴ 𝐼 = 𝑚 × 𝑉𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝒎 × 𝑽𝟐𝟐 − 𝑽𝟐𝟏 = 𝒎𝒂 × 𝑺
𝟐
𝟏
The collision between the canon and bolt 𝒎𝑽𝟐𝟏 = 𝑹 × 𝑺
𝑚𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑛 𝑉1 + 𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 𝑉2 = 𝑚𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑛 𝑉1 ` + 𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 𝑉2 ` 𝟐

𝟏 𝟐
− 𝒎𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒏 × 𝑽 `𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒏 𝒎𝑽𝟏
⇒ ∴ 𝑽𝒇𝒊𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 = ⇒∴𝑺=𝟐
𝒎𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕 𝑹

Where 𝑉1 = 𝑉2 = 0 before firing

13

A cannon of weight 50 kg. rests on a horizontal smooth ground , fire a 2 kg. shell
with a speed 10 m./sec. , which of the following statements describes the cannon
motion ?
a) The cannon moves in the same direction as the shell with speed 0.4 m/sec.
b) The cannon moves in the opposite direction as the shell with a speed 0.4 m./sec.
c) The cannon moves in the same direction as the shell with a speed 2 m./sec.
d) The cannon moves in the opposite direction as the shell with a speed 2 m./sec.
14

A bullet of mass 7 gm. is fired horizontally from a pistol with speed 245 m/sec.
at a wooden vertical barrier. It imbedded in it 12.25 cm. before it stopped , then
the resistance of the wood to the bullet equals ....
a) 17.15 N b) 175 N c) 175 kg.wt. d) 1715 kg.wt
15

A bullet of mass 20 gm. is fired horizontally with speed 294 m./sec. at a vertical
wooden barrier. The bullet stopped inside it. If the resistance of the wood to the
bullet is constant and equals 441 kg.wt. , then the distance covered by the bullet
inside the barrier before it stopped = ............. Cm
a) 20 b) 0.2 c) 169 d) 1.96
16

In the opposite figure:

A body of weight (𝑾) is placed on a horizontal plane ,then the
forces acting on the body are ........
a) (𝑾, 𝑷) b) 𝑷, 𝑹
c) (𝑾, 𝑹) d) 𝑾
17

In the opposite figure:

Two forces 𝟒 𝑵 and 𝟔 𝟐 𝑵 in the horizontal plane 𝒙 𝒚 act on a
body of mass 2 kg. placed at the origin then the acceleration of
the body = ⋯
a) 𝟒𝒊Ƹ + 𝟔 𝟐 𝒋Ƹ b) 𝟐𝒊Ƹ + 𝟑 𝟐 𝒋Ƹ
c) −𝒊Ƹ + 𝟑𝒋Ƹ d) −𝟐𝒊Ƹ + 𝟔 𝒋Ƹ
18

A billiard ball with a mass of 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟐 𝒈 collides directly with

a pool table wall with a velocity of magnitude 3.5 m/s inclined
to the wall with an angle of measure 𝟒𝟓° as shown in the figure.
It rebounds with a velocity of magnitude 0.5 m/s inclined to the
wall with an angle of measure 𝟒𝟓°. If the duration of the impact
𝟏
was 𝟓𝟎 s, then the magnitude of the reaction force of the wall on
the ball equals …….. N
a) 20 b) 50
c) 10 d) 25
19

City 𝑨 is located at the origin, while city 𝑩 is located at (𝟑𝟎𝟎, 𝟓𝟎𝟎), where the distances
are in miles. An aero plane, which flies at 𝟐𝟓𝟎 miles per hour in still air, wants to fly
from city 𝑨 to city 𝑩, but the wind is blowing in the direction of the positive 𝒚 −axis at a
speed of 𝟓𝟎 miles per hour Find a unit vector such that if the plane heads in this
direction, it will end up at city 𝑩 having flown the shortest possible distance. How long
will it take to get there?
𝟑 𝟒 𝟒 𝟑 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
a) 𝟓 𝒊Ƹ + 𝟓 𝒋,Ƹ 𝟐 hours b) 𝟓 𝒊Ƹ + 𝟓 𝒋,Ƹ 𝟐. 𝟓 hours c) 𝟓 𝒊Ƹ + 𝟓 𝒋,Ƹ 𝟔 hours d)- 𝟓 𝒊Ƹ − 𝟓 𝒋,Ƹ 𝟒 hours