The Open University of Sri Lanka

Faculty of Engineering Technology

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Study Programme : Bachelor of Technology Honours in Engineering

Name of the Examination : Final Examination
Course Code and Title : DMX4411 Signal Processing
Academic Year : 2021/2022
Date : 17th of February 2023
Time : 09:30-12:30 Hrs.
Duration : 3 hours

General Instructions
1. Read all instructions carefully before answering the questions
2. This question paper consists of Seven (7) questions in Four (4) pages.
3. Answer any Five (5) questions only. All questions carry equal marks.
4. Answer for each question should commence from a new page.
5. This is a Closed Book Test (CBT).
6. The symbols used in this paper have their usual meanings.
7. Clearly state any assumptions that you may make.
8. Answers should be in clear handwriting.
9. Do not use red color pen.
10. You are not allowed to use a programmable calculator.
11. Appropriate mathematical hints are provided in the end of the paper.

Question 01
a. State and briefly explain the two types of classification of signals. [2 marks]
b. When we consider the analog to digital conversion of signals, two techniques are
involved. Name them and describe each technique. [2 marks]
c. Briefly explain the following properties of a system. [4 marks]
i) Causal System
ii) Linear system
iii) Time invariant System
iv) Memoryless System

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 d. Indicate whether the following systems are causal, linear, time-invariant, and/or
memoryless. Justify your answer. [4x3 marks]

i) 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡) = 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡/3)
ii) 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡) = 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡 − 2) + 𝑥𝑥(2 − 𝑡𝑡)
iii) 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡) = cos(𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡))

Question 02
a. What is the difference between a periodic sigal and a non-periodic signal? [2 marks]
b. What are the condtions to be satisfied in order to be a periodic signal? [2 marks]
(Write appropriate expresseions for both continuous time signal and discrete time
signal.)
c. Examine and state if the following signals are periodic or non-periodic. [16 marks]
i.) 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) = 3𝑢𝑢(𝑡𝑡) + 2 sin(2𝑡𝑡)
ii.) 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) = 𝑗𝑗𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗6𝑡𝑡
iii.) 𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛] = cos 4𝑛𝑛
iv.) 𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛] = 1 + 𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗(2𝜋𝜋/3)𝑛𝑛 − 𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗(4𝜋𝜋/7)𝑛𝑛

Question 03
a. Breifly explain the concept of convolution in respect to signals. [2 marks]
b. State four properties of convolution. [2 marks]
c. Find the convolution of following signals. [6 marks]
𝑥𝑥1 (𝑡𝑡) = cos 𝑡𝑡 𝑢𝑢(𝑡𝑡) and 𝑥𝑥2 = 𝑢𝑢(𝑡𝑡)
d. Find the convolution of following signals using graphical method. [10 marks]

Figure 01

Question 04
a. Consider the DT (Discrete Time) system, 𝑦𝑦[𝑛𝑛] = 𝑥𝑥[2𝑛𝑛].
For each property listed below, either prove that the property holds or not. Justify
your answers. [3 marks]
i) Linearity
ii) Shift Invarience
iii) Causality

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 b. Consider system given below in figure 2.
𝑯𝑯(𝝎𝝎)

𝒙𝒙[𝒏𝒏] 𝒗𝒗[𝒏𝒏] 𝒚𝒚[𝒏𝒏] = 𝒗𝒗[𝒏𝒏 + 𝟏𝟏]

𝒙𝒙[𝒏𝒏] + 𝒗𝒗[𝒏𝒏] + 𝒗𝒗[𝒏𝒏 − 𝟏𝟏]
𝒗𝒗[𝒏𝒏] 𝒚𝒚[𝒏𝒏]
3

Figure 02
If the input x[n] is given by:
𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛] = (4 − 𝑛𝑛)(𝑢𝑢[𝑛𝑛] − 𝑢𝑢[𝑛𝑛 − 4])
Plot,
i.) Input x[n]
ii.) Output y[n] if the input is given by: 𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛] = (4 − 𝑛𝑛)(𝑢𝑢[𝑛𝑛] − 𝑢𝑢[𝑛𝑛 − 4])
[9 marks]
c. Consider the waveform x(t) given in figure 03.

Figure 03
This signal is sampled at interval T=1 to generate the signal x[n].
i.) Plot the input signal x[n]
1
ii.) Suppose x[n] is input to the system 𝑦𝑦[𝑛𝑛] = 2 (𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛] + 𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛 − 1]). Plot the
output signal y[n].
[8 marks]

Question 05
a. Breifly explain the signal analysis method, “Cross Correlation”. [2 marks]
b. Why is Fourier transform important than Fourier series in signal analysis? [2 marks]
c. What are conditions to be satisfied for the existence of Fourier transform? [3 marks]
d. Consider the signal x[n] defined by;

for 0≤n≤N
𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛] =
0 otherwise

i.) Plot the grapgh x[n].

ii.) Obtain the discrete time Fourier Transform 𝑋𝑋(𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗 ) of 𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛] using first
principles.
[13 marks]

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Question 06
a. Why is frequency domain better than the time domain for signal analysis? [1 marks]
b. What information is needed in order to compute the output of a discrete-time LTI
system? [2 marks]
c. State three important classes (forms) of Fourier Series methods available. [3 marks]
d. Consider the full wave rectified cosine wave given in figure 04.
i.) Determine the Trigonometric Fourier series.
ii.) Derive the corresponding Exponential Fourier Series.
iii.) Find the Exponential Fourier Series directly.
[14 marks]

-3π/2 -π/2 π/2 3π/2

Figure 04

Question 07
a. Give the definition of the z-transform of a discrete-time signal x[n]. [2 marks]
b. What is meant by the region of convergence (ROC) in the context of the z-transform?
[2 marks]
c. Find the signal x[n] corresponig to Z transform given below. [6 marks]
3
𝑋𝑋(𝑧𝑧) = 1
(1 + 𝑧𝑧 −1 ) + (1 − 𝑧𝑧 −1 )
2

d. Find the Z transform and the ROC for 𝑥𝑥[𝑛𝑛] = 𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 𝑢𝑢[𝑛𝑛] using first pricples, where a is a
costant. [10 marks]

General Hints:
jπ 1+ j 3
x3 + 1 = ( x + 1) ( x 2 − x + 1) , e 3
=
2
∞
1
∑x
n =0
n
=
1− x
=1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + .......

∞
1
∑ nx
n =0
n −1
=
(1 − x )
2
=+
1 2 x + 3x 2 + 4 x 3 + .......

∞
1 − a N +1
∑ an =
n =0 1−a
END

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