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Preparatory School Islamabad

Chemistry Revision :Stoichiometry

1 Compound X has the following composition by mass.

H, 3.66%; P, 37.80%; O, 58.54%

Calculate the empirical formula of compound X.

empirical formula =.............................. [2]

[Total: 2]

2 A compound, X, contains 55.85% carbon, 6.97% hydrogen and 37.18% oxygen.

(a) How does this prove that compound X contains only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Use the above percentages to calculate the empirical formula of compound X.

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) The Mr of X is 86.

What is its molecular formula?

........................................................................................................................................... [2]
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[Total: 8]

3 The constant 6.02 × 1023 has a name.

What is the name of this constant?

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

4 Compound Y has the empirical formula H3PO4 and a relative molecular mass of 98.

Deduce the molecular formula of compound Y.

molecular formula = ............................ [1]

[Total: 1]

5 Nitrates such as ammonium nitrate are used as fertilisers.

The final stage in the production of ammonium nitrate is shown in the equation.

Ca(NO3)2 + 2NH3 + CO2 + H2O → 2NH4NO3 + CaCO3

Calculate the maximum mass of ammonium nitrate that can be produced from 820 g of calcium
nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, using the following steps.

The relative formula mass, Mr, of calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, = 164.

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(a) Calculate the number of moles of Ca(NO3)2 in 820 g.

........................... mol [1]

(b) Deduce the number of moles of NH4NO3 produced.

........................... mol [1]

(c) Calculate the Mr of NH4NO3.

Mr of NH4NO3 = ................................ [1]

(d) Calculate the maximum mass of ammonium nitrate produced.

........................... g [1]

[Total: 4]
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6 Calcium carbonate (limestone) decomposes when heated.

When 20.0 g of calcium carbonate are decomposed, 11.2 g of calcium oxide (lime), CaO, are formed.

Calculate the mass of calcium oxide formed when 160.0 g of calcium carbonate are decomposed.

.................. g [1]

[Total: 1]

7 Dilute sulfuric acid and aqueous potassium hydroxide are used to make aqueous potassium sulfate.

H2SO4 + 2KOH → K2SO4 + 2H2O

The method includes use of the following apparatus.

dilute sulfuric acid

conical flask

25.0 cm3 of aqueous

potassium hydroxide

Calculate the volume of 0.0625 mol / dm3 dilute sulfuric acid, H SO , that completely reacts with
2 4
3 3
25.0 cm of 0.100 mol / dm potassium hydroxide, KOH, to produce aqueous potassium sulfate.

Use the following steps.

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(a) Calculate the number of moles of KOH in 25.0 cm3 of 0.100 mol / dm3 KOH.

= ................................mol [1]

(b) Deduce the number of moles of H2SO4 that react with KOH.

= ................................mol [1]

(c) Calculate the volume of H2SO4 required.

volume = .................................cm3 [1]

(d) The experiment is repeated using the same volume and concentration of potassium hydroxide
and the same concentration of dilute sulfuric acid. In this second experiment, the product is
aqueous potassium hydrogensulfate, KHSO4.

H2SO4 + KOH → KHSO4 + H2O

Use your answer to (c) and the equation to deduce the volume of H2SO4 required.

volume = .................................cm3 [1]

[Total: 4]

8 A student prepares magnesium sulfate crystals, MgSO4, by adding excess magnesium to dilute
sulfuric acid.
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Magnesium sulfate crystals have the formula, MgSO4•xH2O, where x is a whole number of molecules
of water.

The student heats the crystals to remove the molecules of water.

MgSO4•xH2O(s) → MgSO4(s) + xH2O(g)

The student heats a sample of MgSO4•xH2O and finds it has lost 0.140 moles of H2O and has
2.40 g of MgSO4 remaining.

Determine the value of x .

Use the following steps.

(a) Calculate the Mr of MgSO4.

Mr = .................................... [1]

(b) Determine the number of moles of MgSO4 formed.

moles of MgSO4 formed = ............................. [1]

(c) Determine the value of x in MgSO4•xH2O.

x = ...................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

9 When potassium is added to water, it reacts vigorously and a coloured flame is seen.

The equation for the reaction is shown.

2K(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2KOH(aq) + H2(g)

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(a) Calculate the volume, in cm3, of hydrogen gas formed when 2.34 g of potassium is added to
excess water at room temperature and pressure.

Use the following steps.

(i) Calculate the number of moles of potassium added.

= .......................................................mol [1]

(ii) Determine the number of moles of hydrogen gas formed.

= .......................................................mol [1]

(iii) Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas formed.

volume = ..........................................cm3 [1]

[Total: 3]

10 Calcium nitrate crystals are hydrated and have the formula Ca(NO3)2•xH2O where x is a whole
number of molecules of water.

The student heats the crystals to remove the molecules of water.

Ca(NO3)2•xH2O(s) → Ca(NO3)2(s) + xH2O(g)

The student heats a sample of Ca(NO3)2•xH2O and forms 2.46 g of Ca(NO3)2 and 0.0600 moles
of H2O.

Determine the value of x. Use the following steps.

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(a) Calculate the Mr of Ca(NO3)2.

Mr = .................................................. [1]

(b) Determine the number of moles of Ca(NO3)2 formed.

moles of Ca(NO3)2 formed = .......................... [1]

(c) Determine the value of x in Ca(NO3)2•xH2O.

x = .................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

11 Sodium reacts vigorously with water to form aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH, which is a strong
base.

The equation for the reaction is shown.

2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

Calculate the concentration of NaOH(aq) formed, in g / dm3, when 0.345 g of sodium is added to
50.0 cm3 of distilled water. Assume there is no change in volume.

Use the following steps.

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(a) Calculate the number of moles of Na added.

= ............................... mol [1]

(b) Determine the number of moles of NaOH formed.

= ............................... mol [1]

(c) Calculate the concentration of NaOH in mol / dm3.

concentration of NaOH = .......................... mol / dm3 [1]

(d) Determine the Mr of NaOH and calculate the concentration of NaOH in g / dm3.

concentration of NaOH = .............................. g / dm3 [2]

[Total: 5]

12 When solid copper(II) nitrate is heated copper(II) oxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen are formed.

2Cu(NO3)2 → 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2

Calculate the volume of nitrogen dioxide formed at room temperature and pressure when 4.7 g of
Cu(NO3)2 is heated.

Use the following steps:

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(a) Calculate the mass of one mole of Cu(NO3)2.

............................... g [1]

(b) Calculate the number of moles of Cu(NO3)2 used.

........................ moles [1]

(c) Determine the number of moles of nitrogen dioxide formed.

........................ moles [1]

(d) Calculate the volume of nitrogen dioxide formed at room temperature and pressure.

........................... dm3 [1]

[Total: 4]