A Real-Time Societal Research

On
“Heart Disease Predictor using ML"

Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the

AcademicRequirementfortheAward ofDegreeof

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

Submitted

By

Ranveer Singh 22R01A73B6

R.Anirudh 22R01A73B5
Mohammed Talha 22R01A73A4
R.Ansh 22R01A73B4

Undertheesteemed guidanceof

Dr.K.Ruben Raju
(Associate Professor)

CMRINSTITUTE OFTECHNOLOGY
(Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTU,Hyderabad)
Kandlakoya,MedchalRoad, R.R.Dist.,Hyderabad.
2023-24
 CMRINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY

(UGCAUTONOMOUS)
(Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTU, Kukatpally, Hyderabad)
Kandlakoya,Medchal Road,Hyderabad.

CERTIFICATE

ThisistocertifythataReal-TimeSocietalResearch entitledwith“SENTIMENTALANALYSIS”
isbeing

SubmittedBy

MOHDABRARALIAHMER
(22R01A73A3)
NABHIRAMCHOWDARY
(22R01A73B1)
TSAIPRANAY (22R01A73C3)
YYASHWANTHKUMAR (23R05A7308)

In partial fulfilment of the requirement for award of the degree of B.Tech in AIML to the
JNTUH,Hyderabadis cord of abonafide workcarriedoutunder ourguidanceand supervision.

The resultsinthisprojecthavebeenverifiedandarefoundtobesatisfactory.Theresultsembodiedinthiswork
havenot beensubmitted to haveanyotherUniversity for award ofany otherdegreeordiploma.

SignatureofGuide Signatureof Coordinator Signatureof HOD

Dr.K.RubenRaju MSATISH Mr.P.Pavan
Kumar
(AssociateProfessor) (AssociateProfessor)

EXTERNALEXAMINER
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

WeareextremelygratefultoDr.M.JangaReddy,Director,Dr.G.MADHUSUDHANARAO,PrincipalandMr.
P.PavanKumar,HeadofDepartment,DeptofArtificialIntelligenceandMachineLearning,CMRInstituteof
Technology fortheir inspiration and valuableguidanceduringentireduration.

We are extremely thankful to Mr. M SATISH(Assistant Professor), Major Project Coordinator

andinternal guide Mr.K.Ruben Raju (Assistant Professor), Dept ofArtificial Intelligence and
MachineLearning, CMR Institute of Technology for their constant guidance, encouragement and moral
supportthroughouttheproject.

Wewillbefailingindutyifwedonotacknowledgewithgratefulthankstotheauthorsofthereferencesandotherliteratur
esreferredin this Project.

We express our thanks to all staff members and friends for all the help and coordination extended in
bringingoutthis Project successfully in time.

Finally,weareverymuchthankfultoourparentsandrelativeswhoguideddirectlyorindirectlyforeverysteptowards
success.

MOHDABRARALI AHMER
(22R01A73A3)
NABHIRAMCHOWDARY (22R01A73B1)
TSAIPRANAY (22R01A73C3)
YYASHWANTHKUMAR (23R05A7308)
 ABSTRACT
Sentiment analysis (SA) is a critical process in the digital age, leveraging the vast amount of data
storedon the web to identify and categorize the sentiments expressed in text. This analysis aims to assess
theattitudetowards a particular topic, such as a movie, product, or any other subject, categorizing the sentiment
as positive,negative, or neutral. The significance of SA extends beyond mere text analysis; it plays a pivotal
role in
varioussectors,includingbusiness,politics,andacademia,byprovidinginsightsintopublicopinion,consumerbehavior
,and market trends. The study under discussion offers a comprehensive overview of SA techniques,
theirclassifications,andthemethodsemployed.Ithighlightstheimportanceofbigdatatechniques,particularlyinthecon
textofsocialnetworks,whereSAcanextractvaluableinsightsfromthevastamountofdatagenerateddaily.The
integration of big data tools, such as Hadoop, has revolutionized the process of data collection and
analysisfromsocialnetworks,enablingmoreefficientandscalablesentimentanalysis.Hadoop,anopen-
sourcesoftwareframework, is widely used in social network analysis due to its ability to process large datasets
in a distributedand parallel manner. This makes it cost-effective, reliable, and capable of handling unstructured
and semi-structured data, which are common in social media platforms. The application of Hadoop in SA has
beeninstrumentalinanalyzingsocialbigdata,withsignificantapplicationsinbusinessanddecision-
making,healthcare,and sentiment analysis platforms.
The study also explores the datasets and case studies used in social big data analysis, with Twitter
beinga predominant source. Other platforms, such as Sina micro blog and Facebook,also contribute to the data
poolfor sentiment analysis. These platforms provide a rich source of text data, which, when analyzed, can
revealpatternsand trends in publicsentiment
towards various topics. The research methodology and paper selection process are meticulously
described,showcasing the systematic approach to reviewing and analyzing studies on SA and big data analytics
in
socialnetworks.ThefindingsrevealthatwhiletherehavebeensignificantadvancementsinSAtechniques,challengesre
main, particularly in ensuring privacy and security, as well as in addressing issues such as latency, real-
timeprocessing, and the complexity of feature selection. The study provides a detailed analysis of SA
techniques,their applications, and the challenges faced in the field. It underscores the importance of big data
analytics inenhancing SA, highlighting the need for further research to overcome existing limitations and
improve
theaccuracyandscalabilityofSAtechniques.TheintegrationofbigdatatoolslikeHadoophasopenednewavenuesfor
SA, making it a powerful tool for understanding public sentiment and making informed decisions
acrossvarioussectors.
 TABLEOFCONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I
ABSTRACT II
LISTOF CONTENTS III
LISTOFTABLES IV
LISTOFFIGURES V
LISTOFSCREENSHOTS V
1.INTRODUCTION 6
2.LITERATURESURVEY 7
3.SYSTEMANALYSIS 8
3.1EXISTINGSYSTEM 8
3.1DISADVANTAGES OFEXISTINGSYSTEM 8
3.2PROPOSEDSYSTEM 9
3.2ADVANTAGESOFPROPOSEDSYSTEM 10
4.SYSTEMSTUDY 12
4.1FEASIBILITYSTUDY 12
4.1.1ECONOMICALFEASIBILITY 13
4.1.2TECHNICALFEASIBILITY 14
4.1.2SOCIALFEASIBILITY 14
5.HARDWAREANDSOFTWAREREQUIREMENTS 15
5.1HARDWAREREQUIREMENTS 15
5.2SOFTWAREREQUIREMENTS 15
6. REQUIREMENTANALYSIS 16
7. MODULESDESCRIPTION
7.1 MODULES 17
7.2 MODULESDESCRIPTION 18
7.3 ADMIN 18
7.4 DATAPRE-PROCESS 18

8.DIAGRAMS 19
DATAFLOW DIAGRAM 19
UMLDIAGRAM 21
USE CASE 22
CLASSDIAGRAM 23
SEQUENCEDIAGRAM 24
 9.IMPLEMENTATION 26
10. INPUTANDOUTPUTDESIGN 38
10.1 INPUTDESIGN 38
10.2 OBJECTIVES 38
10.3 OUTPUTDESIGN 38

11.SCREENSHOTS 39

12. SYSTEMTESTING 42
a. TYPESOFTESTING 42
i. UNITTESTING 42
ii. INTEGRATIONTESTING 42
iii. FUNCTIONALTEST 43
iv. SYSTEM TEST 43

a.WHITE BOX TESTING 44

12.1.5 BLACKBOXTESTING 44
12.1.6 UNITTESTING 44
12.2 TESTSTRATEGY ANDAPPROACH 44
12.3 TESTOBJECTIVES 45

12.4 FEATURESTOBE TESTED 45

12.5 INTEGRATIONTESTING 45
12.6 TESTRESULTS 45
12.7 ACCEPTANCETESTING 45
12.8 TESTRESULTS 45

12.9SAMPLE TEST CASES 45

13.CONCLUSION 46

14.BIBILOGRAPHY 47
 LISTOFFIGURES

FIGUREPA
FIGURENO PAGENO.
RTICULARS

8 SystemArchitecture 20

DataFlowDiagram
8.1 20
UseCaseDiagram
8.3 23
ClassDiagram
8.4 24
SequenceDiagram
8.5 25
ActivityDiagram
8.6 26
 LISTOFTABLES

TableNo. TableParticulars PageNo.

12.9 SampleTestCases 46

LISTOF SCREENSHOTS

SCREENSHOTS
PARTICULARS PAGENO.

11.1 AdminLogin 39

11.2 FarmerRegister 40

11.3 FarmerLogin 40

11.4 KNNAlgorithm 41

11.5 FarmerDetail 41
 INTRODUCTION

Sentiment Analysis (SA), also known as opinion mining, is a crucial process in the digital age
thatinvolves identifying and categorizing opinions expressed in text to determine the writer’s
attitude,which can be positive, negative, or neutral. This technique, a key component of natural
languageprocessing (NLP), is widely used in various fields, such as business, politics, and social
sciences,to gauge public opinion, understand consumer behavior, and monitor trends. With vast
amounts oftextual data generated daily on social media platforms, blogs, and forums, SA provides
valuableinsights that help businesses enhance product development and customer service, assist
politiciansingauging publicopinion onpolicies, andenableresearchers tostudy socialphenomena.
Techniques in SA range from simple keyword-based approaches to advanced machine
learningalgorithms, including lexicon-based methods, machine learning models like Naive Bayes
andSupport Vector Machines (SVM), and hybrid approaches. Applications of SA span
businessintelligence, social media monitoring, political analysis, and healthcare. However,
challenges suchas handling sarcasm, understanding context, dealing with multilingual data, and
ensuring dataprivacy persist. Future research aims to address these challenges by improving the
accuracy andscalability of SA techniques, with big data tools like Hadoop and advancements in
machinelearning promising to enhance its capabilities. As technology evolves, so will the methods
andapplications of sentiment analysis, solidifying its role in providing critical insights into
humanemotionsand opinions across various industries.

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 LITERATURESURVEY

2.2SentimentClassificationTechniques

2.1 Lexicon-BasedApproaches

Lexicon-basedapproachesusepre-defineddictionariesofwordsassociatedwithpositive,negative,or
neutral sentiments to analyze text. These methods evaluate sentiment by matching text wordswith
entries in sentiment lexicons. Hu and Liu (2004) developed a widely-used sentiment lexicon,laying
the groundwork for many subsequent studies. Turney (2002) introduced a method usingpointwise
mutual information to determine word sentiment orientation, enhancing lexicon-
basedsentimentanalysis techniques.

2.2 MachineLearningApproaches

Machine learning approaches involve training algorithms on labeled datasets to recognize

patternsandclassifysentiments.Pang,Lee,andVaithyanathan(2002)wereamongthefirsttoapplymachin
elearningtechniquestosentimentanalysis,comparingNaiveBayes,MaximumEntropy,andSupportVect
or Machines (SVM). Their work demonstrated the superiority of machine learning methodsover
traditional lexicon-based approaches. Kim (2014) further advanced the field by
introducingconvolutionalneuralnetworks(CNN)forsentence-
levelsentimentanalysis,showcasingthepotential ofdeep learning models.

2.3 HybridApproaches

Hybrid approaches combine lexicon-based and machine learning methods to leverage the
strengthsofbothtechniques.Poriaetal.(2016)proposedahybridframeworkthatintegrateslinguisticfeatu
resand deep learning for multimodal sentiment analysis. This approach offers a more robust
solutionforsentiment classification byaddressing the limitationsof each individualmethod.

2.4 DeepLearningApproaches

Deeplearningapproacheshaverevolutionizedsentimentanalysisbyenablingmodelstoautomaticallylea
rnfeaturesfromrawdata.Socheretal.(2013)introducedrecursiveneuralnetworks(RNN)forsentimentan
alysis,whichcancapturehierarchicalstructureinsentences.Tangetal.(2015)usedlongshort-
termmemory(LSTM)networksforsentimentclassification,effectivelyhandlinglong-
rangedependencies in text.

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 SYSTEMANALYSIS

EXISTINGSYSTEM:
Sentiment analysis, also known as opinion mining, is a powerful technique
innatural language processing (NLP) that involves extracting and
categorizingsubjective informationfromtextdata. Thegoalofsentimentanalysis
istodetermine the sentiment expressed in a piece of text, whether it's
positive,negative, or neutral. This technology has numerous applications across
variousindustries, including marketing, customer service, product development,
andsocial media monitoring.

DISADVANTAGESOFEXISTINGSYSTEM:

1. Sarcasmand Irony:Detectingsarcasmandironyintextischallengingforsentiment

analysismodels,asthey heavilyrelyonunderstandinglinguisticnuanceswhichcan

beambiguous.

2. ContextUnderstanding:Sentimentanalysisalgorithmsoftenstruggletounderstand

thecontextinwhichcertainwordsorphrasesareused.Forinstance,thephrase"not

bad"canbepositiveinsome contextsand negativeinothers

3. EmotionRecognition:Sentimentanalysisoftenfocusesonpositive,negative,or

neutralsentimentsbut maynot capturethefullspectrumof humanemotions.

Recognizingnuancedemotionssuchasfrustration,excitement,orsarcasmremainsachallenge.

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PROPOSEDSYSTEM:
We are embarking on an ambitious journey to develop a cutting-edge sentiment
analysisprojectthat promisesto revolutionizehow weperceive and understandtextual data.
Recognizing the inherent limitations in existing sentiment analysis algorithms, our team
isdedicatedto overcomingthesehurdlesto createa morenuancedand accuratemodel.
Firstly, tackling the challenge of detecting sarcasm and irony, we are implementing
advancedmachine learning techniques that delve deeper into linguistic nuances. By training
our modelon a diverse dataset that includes examples of sarcastic and ironic language, we
aim toenhance its ability to discern subtle cues and contextual clues indicative of such
expressions.Additionally, we are incorporating sentiment lexicons specifically designed to
capture theintricacies of sarcasm and irony, enabling our model to make more informed
predictions evenincomplex linguisticscenarios.
Secondly, addressing the issue of context understanding, we are leveraging state-of-the-
artnatural language processing techniques to equip our model with contextual awareness.
Ratherthan relying solely on individual words or phrases, our model considers the
surroundingcontext and linguistic structures to better interpret sentiment. Through the
integration
ofcontextualembeddingsandattentionmechanisms,weaimtocapturethenuancedmeaningsofphra
seslike"notbad,"discerningwhethertheyconveypositivityornegativitybasedon
theircontextualusage.
Lastly, to enhance emotion recognition capabilities, we are broadening the scope of
sentimentanalysis beyond simplistic positive, negative, or neutral classifications. By
incorporatingsentimentdimensionsthatencompass awiderrangeofhumanemotions,
suchasfrustration,

excitement, and sarcasm, our model aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding

oftextual sentiment. We are leveraging recent advancements in affective computing

andsentiment analysis research to develop novel features and algorithms that can

accuratelycapture the diverse spectrum of human emotions expressed in textual data.

Through theseinnovative approaches, we are poised to deliver a sentiment analysis solution

that transcendsconventional limitations, offering unprecedented insights into the complex

landscape ofhumansentiment and emotion.

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ADVANTAGESOFPROPOSEDSYSTEM:

Enhanced Sarcasmand IronyDetection:

● Improved Accuracy: By incorporating advanced natural language

processingtechniques and deep learning models, the proposed system can better
recognize andinterpret sarcasm and irony. This leads to more accurate sentiment
classification evenwhenlinguisticnuancesareambiguous.
● Contextual Analysis: The system uses contextual clues and patterns in text to
identifysarcastic and ironic statements. This capability reduces the risk of
misclassifyingsentimentsthat traditional models might overlook.

AdvancedContextUnderstanding:

● Dynamic Contextual Embeddings: Utilizing models like BERT

(BidirectionalEncoder Representations from Transformers) allows the proposed system to
understand thecontext in which words and phrases are used. This dynamic context
understanding helps inaccuratelyinterpretingphraseslike"notbad,"whichcanhave
differentsentimentsbasedonthe context.
● Disambiguation: The system can disambiguate meanings of words and phrases
byanalyzing surrounding text, improving the precision of sentiment analysis across
diversecontextsand reducing thelikelihoodofincorrectsentiment attribution.

ComprehensiveEmotionRecognition:

● Nuanced Emotion Detection: Beyond categorizing text as positive, negative,

orneutral, the proposed system can detect a wider range of emotions such as
frustration,excitement, and sarcasm. This provides a more detailed and accurate
understanding ofhumanemotions expressed in text.
● Multilabel Classification: By employing multilabel classification techniques,
thesystem can identify and tag multiple emotions within a single text, offering a
richeremotionalanalysisand insightsthat gobeyond simplesentimentcategorization.

ImprovedMultilingualSupport:

● Cross-LanguageCapability:Theproposedsystemisdesignedtohandlemultiple

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 languages effectively, using advanced language models that support a wide range
oflanguages. This capability ensures that sentiment analysis can be accurately performed
onglobalsocial mediaand othertext data sources.
● Language-Specific Nuances: The system can understand and interpret language-
specific idioms, slang, and expressions, which enhances its ability to accurately
analyzesentimentsin different languages.

Real-TimeAnalysis:

● Scalability and Efficiency: Leveraging big data tools like Hadoop and Spark,
theproposed system can process large volumes of data in real-time. This scalability
ensuresthat the system can handle continuous streams of data from social media and other
sourceswithoutcompromising performance.
● Timely Insights: Real-time sentiment analysis allows for immediate insights
andresponses to public sentiment, which is crucial for applications such as social
mediamonitoring,customer feedbackanalysis, and markettrend prediction.

PrivacyandSecurity:

● Data Anonymization: The proposed system includes privacy-preserving

techniquessuch as data anonymization, ensuring that sensitive information is protected
whileperformingsentiment analysis.
● Compliance and Ethical Standards: The system adheres to ethical guidelines
andlegal standards for data privacy, ensuring that sentiment analysis practices are
bothresponsibleand compliant with regulations.

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 4. SYSTEMSTUDY

4.1 FEASIBILITYSTUDY

The feasibility study is a critical phase in the project analysis process where the viability of
theproposed sentimentanalysis system is evaluated. This phaseinvolvesformulating a
businessproposal that includes a general plan for the project and some preliminary cost estimates.
Theprimary goal is to ensure that the proposed sentiment analysis system does not pose a burden
to
theorganization.Acomprehensivefeasibilityanalysisrequiresanunderstandingofthemajorrequirement
s of the system. The feasibility study for the sentiment analysis system
encompassesthreekeyconsiderations:economicfeasibility,technical feasibility,andsocialfeasibility.

4.1.1 EconomicFeasibility

Economic feasibility assesses whether the proposed sentiment analysis system is cost-effective
andprovides a good return on investment. This involves estimating the costs associated with
thedevelopment,deployment,andmaintenanceofthesystemandcomparingthemagainsttheexpectedbe
nefits.

● Cost Estimation: Initial costs include software development, hardware procurement,

dataacquisition, and personnel training. Recurring costs might involve system
maintenance,datastorage,and periodicupdates.
● Benefit Analysis: The benefits include improved decision-making through
accuratesentiment insights, enhanced customer satisfaction, better market analysis, and
competitiveadvantages.
● Cost-BenefitAnalysis:Comparingthecostsagainsttheprojectedbenefitshelpsdetermineif the
investment in the sentiment analysis system is justified. The system should
providesubstantial long-term financial gains, such as increased sales through better
customerunderstandingor reducedcosts through improvedoperational efficiencies.

4.1.2 TechnicalFeasibility

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Technicalfeasibilityevaluateswhethertheorganizationhasthetechnicalresourcesandcapabilitiesto
implement and maintain the proposed sentiment analysis system. This involves assessing
thecurrent technology infrastructure, the technical expertise of the staff, and the compatibility of
theproposedsystem with existing systems.

● Technology Requirements: The system requires advanced natural language

processing(NLP) and machine learning (ML) capabilities. It should also be capable of
integratingwithbig data tools likeHadoop and Spark forhandling largedatasets.
● Technical Expertise: The organization must have or be able to acquire the technical
skillsneeded to develop, deploy, and manage the sentiment analysis system. This
includesexpertisein NLP, ML, data engineering, and softwaredevelopment.
● System Integration: The sentiment analysis system must be compatible with existing
ITinfrastructure and systems. This includes ensuring that the new system can
seamlesslyintegratewith current datasources, databases, andbusiness applications.
● Scalability and Performance: The system should be scalable to handle growing
datavolumesand capableofperforming real-time sentimentanalysis efficiently.

4.1.3 SocialFeasibility

Socialfeasibilityexaminestheimpactoftheproposedsentimentanalysissystemontheorganization's
stakeholders, including employees, customers, and the broader community. Thisinvolves assessing
how the system aligns with the organization's social objectives and whether itwillbeaccepted by its
users.

5 User Acceptance: Ensuring that employees and end-users are willing to adopt the
newsystem is crucial. This can be achieved through user-friendly interfaces,
adequatetraining,and effectivechangemanagement strategies.
6 Ethical Considerations: The system should comply with ethical standards,
particularlyregarding data privacy and security. Sentiment analysis often involves
analyzing personaldata,so the system must ensurethat datais anonymized and used
responsibly.
7 Community Impact: The system should have a positive impact on the
broadercommunity. For instance, by providing better customer service and responding
to publicsentiment more effectively, the organization can improve its reputation and
socialstanding.

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 8 Cultural Sensitivity: The system must be capable of handling language and
culturalnuances, especially if the organization operates in a multicultural or global
environment.Thisensuresthatthesentimentanalysisisaccurateandrespectfulofculturaldiffer
ences.

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 5HARDWAREANDSOFTWAREREQUIREMENTS
5.1 HARDWAREREQUIREMENTS:

FordevelopingtheapplicationthefollowingaretheHardwareRequirements:

▪ Processor:PentiumIVor higher
▪ RAM:256 MB
▪ SpaceonHard Disk:minimum512MB

5.2 SOFTWAREREQUIREMENTS:

Fordevelopingtheapplication thefollowingaretheSoftwareRequirements:

1. Python

2. Googlecloud

5.3 TechnologiesandLanguagesusedtoDevelop

1. Python:Theprojectwillprimarily be developedusingPythonprogramming
language,leveragingitsextensivelibrariesforNLPandmachinelearning,suchasNLTK,Te
xtBlob, scikit-learn, andTensorFlow.
2. NLP Libraries: We'll utilize various NLP libraries and tools to preprocess text
data,extractfeatures, and build sentiment analysis models.
3. Machine Learning: Machine learning algorithms, including supervised
learningtechniques such as support vector machines (SVM), logistic regression, and
deeplearning architectures like recurrent neural networks (RNNs) or transformers,
will beemployedforsentiment classification.
4. Web Development: For the user interface, we'll use web development
technologiessuch as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, along with frameworks like Flask or
Django forbackenddevelopment.
5. Deployment: The project will be deployed on cloud platforms like AWS,
GoogleCloudPlatform, or Microsoft Azureforscalability and accessibility.

5.4 DebuggerandEmulator
▪ AnyBrowser(ParticularlyChrome)

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 6. REQUIREMENTANALYSIS
The project involves analyzing the design of sentiment analysis applications to make them
moreuser-friendly and efficient. Ensuring smooth navigation, minimizing user input, and
enhancingaccessibility are key factors in developing an effective sentiment analysis system.
Below are thespecificrequirements forthe sentiment analysis system:

6.1 FunctionalRequirements
1. SentimentDetection:
○ The system should accurately classify text into positive, negative, or
neutralsentiments.
○ It should also detect and classify nuanced emotions such as frustration,
excitement,orsarcasm.
2. SarcasmandIronyDetection:
○ The system should be capable of identifying and correctly interpreting sarcastic
andironicstatements.
3. ContextUnderstanding:
○ The system must understand the context of words and phrases to provide
accuratesentimentanalysis.
○ It should use contextual embeddings to interpret phrases like "not bad"
accuratelybasedon the surroundingtext.
4. Real-TimeProcessing:
○ The system should process data in real-time to provide immediate
sentimentinsights,especially forsocial mediamonitoring.
5. MultilingualSupport:
○ The system should support multiple languages and be able to analyze
sentimentaccuratelyacross different languagesand culturalcontexts.
6. UserInputandCustomization:
○ Thesystem shouldallowusers toinput customsentiment lexiconsand rules.
○ It should enable users to train the model on specific datasets relevant to
theirdomain.
7. DataIntegration:
○ The system must integrate with existing data sources such as social
mediaplatforms,customer feedbacksystems, and businessapplications.
○ Itshouldsupportseamlessdataimportandexport functionalities.

6.2 Non-FunctionalRequirements
1. Performance:
○ Thesystemshould becapable ofhandlinglargedatasetsefficiently.
○ Itmustprovidequickresponsestouserqueriesandreal-timedatastreams.
2. Scalability:
○ The system should scale horizontally to accommodate increasing data volumes
anduserloads.
○ It should be capable of expanding its processing capacity without
significantperformancedegradation.
3. Usability:
○ The user interface should be intuitive and easy to navigate, minimizing the
amountoftyping and manual input required from theuser.
○ Itshouldprovide clearvisualizationsandreportsofsentimentanalysisresults.

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 4. Accessibility:
○ The system should be accessible through various devices, including
desktops,tablets,and smartphones.
○ Itshouldadhereto accessibilitystandardstoaccommodate userswithdisabilities.
5. SecurityandPrivacy:
○ The system must ensure the security of data, implementing robust encryption
andaccesscontrol mechanisms.
○ It should comply with data privacy regulations, ensuring that personal data
isanonymizedand handledethically.
6. Reliability:
○ Thesystemshouldhavehighavailability andberesilienttofailures.
○ Itmustincludebackupandrecoverymechanismstopreventdataloss.

6.3 TechnicalRequirements
1. TechnologyStack:
○ The system should utilize advanced NLP and ML libraries such as
TensorFlow,PyTorch,and spaCy.
○ Big data tools like Hadoop and Spark should be employed for processing
largedatasets.
2. HardwareandSoftware:
○ The system should run on robust servers with sufficient CPU, memory, and
storageresources.
○ It must support major operating systems and be compatible with popular
webbrowsers.
3. IntegrationandAPI:
○ The system should provide APIs for integration with other applications and
datasources.
○ ItshouldsupportRESTfulandSOAPservicesfor dataexchange.

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 7. MODULESDESCRIPTION

7.1 MODULES:
● Farmer
● Admin
● Datapre-process

7.2 MODULESDESCRIPTION:

Farmer:
TheFarmercanregisterthefirst.WhileregisteringherequiredavalidFarmeremailandmobileforfurther
communications. Once the Farmer register then admin can activatetheFarmer.Once theadmin
activates the Farmer then Farmer can login into our system. After login he can search thecrop
details. For searching the farmer will get the complete crop details. By clicking crop pricefarmer
will get the previous year crop price details and also get the year based crop price
andparticularstatewisepricewill bedisplay.

7.3 Admin:
Admin can login with his credentials. Once he logs in he can activate the Farmer. The
activatedFarmer only login in our applications. The admin can set the data set. In this report the
data hasconsidered crop price details state wise and yearly wise. Then admin will apply algorithms
on thedataset. First he will apply KNN algorithm and then random forest and also CNN algorithm
willapply.Based on the algorithm wewill get theaccuracy.

7.4 DataPre-process:
The admin provided data has been stored in the SQLite database. To process our methodology
weneed to perform a data cleaning process. By using pandas data frame we can fill the missing
valueswithits mean type. Oncedata iscleaned hist diagram will be displayed.

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 8. DIAGRAMSSYSTE

MARCHITECTURE:

8.1 DATAFLOWDIAGRAM:

A Data Flow Diagram (DFD), also known as a bubble chart, is a powerful tool
formodeling systems, including sentiment analysis processes. Let's break down how a DFD
canrepresentsentiment analysis:

1. System Process: The central process in this context would be the sentiment
analysisalgorithm. This process takes input data (such as text) and analyzes it to
determine thesentiment(positive, negative, neutral, etc.).
2. Data Inputs: The input to the sentiment analysis process would be the data that needs
tobe analyzed, which could be text from social media posts, customer reviews, or any
othersourcecontaining opinions or sentiments.
3. External Entities: External entities represent the sources or destinations of data
thatinteract with the system. In sentiment analysis, this could include social media
platforms,databasescontainingcustomer feedback,or APIsproviding accessto textdata.
4. Information Flow: The arrows in the DFD represent the flow of data. In
sentimentanalysis, this would show how the input data (text) flows into the
sentiment analysisprocessand howtheresultingsentiment analysisoutput flowsout
ofthesystem.

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 5. Transformations: The sentiment analysis process itself represents the
transformationapplied to the input data. It analyzes the text to determine the sentiment
expressed withinit.
6. Levels of Abstraction: DFDs can be partitioned into levels to represent increasing
levelsof detail. For sentiment analysis, this might involve breaking down the process into
sub-processessuchastextpreprocessing,sentimentclassification,andresultinterpretation.

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8.2 UMLDIAGRAMS

UMLstandsforUnifiedModelingLanguage.UMLisastandardizedgeneral-purposemodeling
language in the field of object-oriented software engineering. The standard
ismanaged,andwas created by, the ObjectManagement Group.

Provide users a ready-to-use, expressive visual modeling Language: In the context

ofsentiment analysis, this goal could translate to providing a standardized visual
representationof the sentiment analysis process. This could involve creating UML diagrams
to depict theflowof dataand the sentiment analysis algorithm.
Provideextendibilityandspecializationmechanisms:Sentimentanalysissystemsmayvaryin
complexity and requirements. UML's extendibility mechanisms could be utilized to
tailorthesentimentanalysismodeltospecificdomainsortoincorporateadditionalfeaturessuchasse
ntimentintensity analysis oraspect-based sentiment analysis.
Beindependentofparticularprogramminglanguagesanddevelopmentprocess:
UML'slanguage-independentnatureisbeneficialforsentimentanalysis,asit
allowsthemodelingofsentimentanalysissystemswithoutbeingtiedtoaspecificprogramminglang
uageordevelopmentenvironment.Thisfacilitatescommunicationandcollaborationamongstakeh
olderswith diverse technical backgrounds.
Provideaformalbasisforunderstandingthemodelinglanguage:UML'sformalsemanticscan
aid in precisely defining the components and interactions within a sentiment analysissystem.
This ensures clarity and consistency in the representation of the system's
architectureandbehavior.

GOALS:
ThePrimary goalsin the design of theUML areasfollows:

Facilitate Data Flow Visualization: UML can be used to visually represent the flow of
datawithin a sentiment analysis system, including the input text data, intermediate
processingsteps,andthefinalsentimentanalysisresults.Thisgoalaimstoenhanceunderstandingof
howdatamoves through the system.

21|Page
 Enable Model Interpretability: UML can help in clarifying the structure and logic
ofsentimentanalysismodels,makingthemmoreinterpretable.Byrepresentingthecomponentsand
relationships within the model using standardized diagrams, stakeholders can
betterunderstandhow sentiment analysis decisions aremade.
SupportScalabilityandModularity:UMLcanaidindesigningsentimentanalysissystemsthatar
escalableandmodular,allowingforeasyintegrationofnewfeaturesorenhancements.By breaking
down the system into smaller, interconnected modules, UML can help
identifyopportunitiesforparallelprocessing and optimization.

8.3 USECASEDIAGRAM:
AusecasediagramintheUnifiedModelingLanguage(UML)isatypeofbehaviouraldiagramdefinedby
andcreated from a Use-caseanalysis.Its
Purposeisto presentagraphicaloverview ofthe functionality providedbyasystemin

Terms of actors, theirgoals (represented as use cases),

andanydependencies between those use cases. The main purpose of a use case diagram is to show
whatsystemfunctions areperformed forwhichactor. Roles ofthe actorsin thesystem can bedepicted.

22|Page
 8.4 CLASSDIAGRAM:

In software engineering, a class diagram in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a type
ofstatic structure diagram that describes the structure of a system by showing the system's
classes,theirattributes,operations(ormethods),andtherelationshipsamongtheclasses.Itexplainswhic
hclasscontains information

23|Page
8.5 SEQUENCEDIAGRAM:

A sequence diagram in Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a kind of interaction diagram

thatshows how processes operate with one another and in what order. It is a construct of a
MessageSequence Chart. Sequence diagrams are sometimes called event diagrams, event
scenarios, andtimingdiagrams.

24|Page
8.6 ACTIVITYDIAGRAM:

Activity diagrams are graphical representations of workflows of stepwise

activitiesandLanguage,activitydiagramscanbeusedtodescribethebusinessandoperation
alstep-by-step workflows of components in a system. An activity diagram shows
theoverall flowof control.

25|Page
 9. IMPLEMENTATION

9.1SOURCECODE:

#ignorewarning
import
warningswarnings.filterwarnings('
ignore')

#datamanipulation
importpandasaspd

#datavisulization
importseabornassns
importmatplotlib.pyplotasplt

#textprocessing
importnltk
from nltk.corpus import
stopwordsnltk.download('stopwords
')importstring
fromnltk.stemimportPorterStemmer

#removeemoji
importemoji

#regularexpression
importre

#wordcloud
fromwordcloudimportWordCloud
fromcollectionsimportCounter

#modelbuildingandevaluation
fromsklearn.model_selectionimporttrain_test_split
fromsklearn.pipelineimportPipeline
26|Page
 fromsklearn.feature_extraction.textimportTfidfVectorizer
from sklearn.ensemble import
RandomForestClassifierfrom sklearn.linear_model
import
LogisticRegressionfromsklearn.naive_bayesimportMult
inomialNB
from sklearn.metrics
addCodeadd Markdown import accuracy_score, precision_score,
confusion_matrix
LoadData
addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#loaddata
cols=['tweetid','entity','target','content']

data0 = pd.read_csv("/kaggle/input/twitter-entity-sentiment-
analysis/twitter_training.csv",names=cols)
data1 = pd.read_csv("/kaggle/input/twitter-entity-sentiment-
analysis/twitter_validation.csv",names=cols)

final_df=pd.concat([data0,data1])
addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
final_df.head()

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#datadimension
final_df.shape

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#infoaboutdata
final_df.info()

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#checknullvalues
final_df.isna().sum()

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:

27|Page
 #dropnullvalues
final_df.dropna(inplace=True)

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#checkduplicatesvalues
final_df.duplicated().sum()

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#dropduplicates
final_df.drop_duplicates(inplace=True)

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#valuecountoftargetcolfinal_df['target'].value_counts().plot(kind='pie',autopc
t='%.2f')plt.title("percountofeachtargetvalue")
plt.show()

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
target_count=final_df['target'].value_counts().reset_index()
target_count

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
plt.figure(figsize=(15,5))
ax =
sns.barplot(data=target_count,x='target',y='count',palette='cubehelix')
for bars in
ax.containers:ax.bar_la
bel(bars)

plt.title("Count of each target

value")plt.show()
addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#tweetcountofeachuser
tweet_count =
final_df.groupby('tweetid')['target'].count().sort_values(ascending=False).
reset_index()
tweet_count=tweet_count.rename(columns={'target':'count'})

28|Page
 tweet_count

addCodeadd Markdown

featureengineering
addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#charcount
final_df['char_count']=final_df['content'].apply(len)
#wordcount
final_df['word_count'] = final_df['content'].apply(lambda
x:len(nltk.word_tokenize(x)))
#sentencecount
final_df['sent_count'] = final_df['content'].apply(lambda
x:len(nltk.sent_tokenize(x)))

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#distplot

fig, axes =
plt.subplots(1,3,figsize=(18,5))sns.distplot(ax=axes[0],x=final_df['char_co
unt'],color='b')axes[0].set_title('chardistribution')

sns.distplot(ax=axes[1],x=final_df['word_count'],color='g')axes[1].set_titl
e('worddistribution')

sns.distplot(ax=axes[2],x=final_df['sent_count'],color='r')axes[2].set_titl
e('sentencedistribution')
plt.show()

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#dropunnecessarycols
final_df=final_df.drop(columns=['tweetid','entity'],axis=1)

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
final_df.head()

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:

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 #removeemojisfromtweets
final_df['content'] = final_df['content'].apply(lambda x:
emoji.replace_emoji(x,replace=''))
addCodeadd Markdown

TextPreprocessing

● lowercase
● removepunctuation
● removestopwords
● steaming

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#functionfortextpreprocessing
ps=PorterStemmer()

def
preprocessing(text):t
ext=text.lower()
text=nltk.word_tokenize(text)
full_txt=[]
foriintext:
if i not in string.punctuation and i not in
stopwords.words('english'):
full_txt.append(ps.stem(i))
return''.join(full_txt)
addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
final_df['content']=final_df['content'].apply(preprocessing)

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
final_df.head()

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
final_df.duplicated().sum()

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
final_df=final_df.drop_duplicates()

30|Page
 addCodeaddMarkdown
EDA
addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#wordcloudforpositivetweets
wc =
WordCloud(width=1000,height=700,min_font_size=10,background_color='black')
positive =
wc.generate(final_df[final_df['target']=='Positive']['content'].str.cat(sep
=""))
plt.title('Wordcloud of positive
tweet')plt.axis('off')
plt.imshow(positive)
plt.show()
addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#wordcloudfornegativetweets
wcWordCloud(width=1000,height=700,min_font_size=10,background_color='black =
')
negative =
wc.generate(final_df[final_df['target']=='Negative']['content'].str.cat(sep
=""))
plt.title('Wordcloud of Negative
tweet')plt.axis('off')
plt.imshow(negative)
plt.show()
addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#wordcloudforneutraltweets
wc =
WordCloud(width=1000,height=700,min_font_size=10,background_color='black')
neutral =
wc.generate(final_df[final_df['target']=='Neutral']['content'].str.cat(sep=
" "))
plt.title('Wordcloud of Neutral
tweet')plt.axis('off')
plt.imshow(neutral)

31|Page
 plt.show()

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#wordcloudforirrelevanttweets
wc =
WordCloud(width=1000,height=700,min_font_size=10,background_color='black')
irrelevant =
wc.generate(final_df[final_df['target']=='Irrelevant']['content'].str.cat(s
ep=""))
plt.title('Wordcloud of Irrelevant
tweet')plt.axis('off')
plt.imshow(irrelevant)
plt.show()
addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
defpre(text):
text=re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z\s]','',text).strip()
returntext

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
final_df['content']=final_df['content'].apply(pre)

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
final_df.duplicated().sum()

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
final_df=final_df.drop_duplicates()

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#mostcommonwordsinpositivetweets
positive=[]
fortxtinfinal_df[final_df['target']=='Positive']['content'].tolist():
for word in
txt.split():positive.append(word
)
addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
len(positive)

32|Page
 addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#plotmost50commonwordsfrompositivetweets
plt.figure(figsize=(15,5))sns.barplot(x=pd.DataFrame(Counter(positive).most
_common(50))[0],y=pd.DataFrame(Counter(positive).most_common(50))[1],palett
e='rainbow')plt.xlabel('word')
plt.ylabel('wordcount')
plt.title('Most common 50 words in positive
tweet')plt.xticks(rotation=90)
plt.show()

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#mostcommonwordsinnegativetweets
negative=[]
fortxtinfinal_df[final_df['target']=='Negative']['content'].tolist():
for word in
txt.split():negative.append(word
)
addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
len(negative)

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#plotmost50commonwordsfromnegativetweets
plt.figure(figsize=(15,5))sns.barplot(x=pd.DataFrame(Counter(negative).most
_common(50))[0],y=pd.DataFrame(Counter(negative).most_common(50))[1],palett
e='rainbow')plt.xlabel('word')
plt.ylabel('wordcount')
plt.title('Most common 50 words in negative
tweet')plt.xticks(rotation=90)
plt.show()

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#mostcommonwordsinneutraltweets
neutral=[]
fortxtinfinal_df[final_df['target']=='Neutral']['content'].tolist():

33|Page
 forwordintxt.split():
neutral.append(word)

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
len(neutral)

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#plotmost50commonwordsfromneutraltweets
plt.figure(figsize=(15,5))sns.barplot(x=pd.DataFrame(Counter(neutral).most_
common(50))[0],y=pd.DataFrame(Counter(neutral).most_common(50))[1],palette=
'rainbow')plt.xlabel('word')
plt.ylabel('wordcount')
plt.title('Most common 50 words in neutral
tweet')plt.xticks(rotation=90)
plt.show()

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#mostcommonwordsinirrelevanttweets
irrelevant=[]
fortxtinfinal_df[final_df['target']=='Irrelevant']['content'].tolist():
for word in
txt.split():irrelevant.append(wo
rd)
addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
len(irrelevant)

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#plotmost50commonwordsfromirrelevanttweets
plt.figure(figsize=(15,5))sns.barplot(x=pd.DataFrame(Counter(irrelevant).mo
st_common(50))[0],y=pd.DataFrame(Counter(irrelevant).most_common(50))[1],pa
lette='rainbow')plt.xlabel('word')
plt.ylabel('wordcount')
plt.title('Most common 50 words in irrelevant
tweet')plt.xticks(rotation=90)
plt.show()

34|Page
 addCodeadd Markdown
LabelEncoding
addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#Positive-
1#Negative-
0#Neutral-2
#Irrelevant-3

final_df['sentiment'] =
final_df['target'].replace({'Positive':1,'Negative':0,'Neutral':2,'Irreleva
nt':3})
addCodeadd Markdown
ExtractInputandTargetdata
addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
X=final_df['content']
y=final_df['sentiment']

addCodeadd Markdown

Splitingdata
addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#splitthedata
X_train,X_test,y_train,y_testtrain_test_split(X,y,t =
est_size=0.2,random_state=42)

addCodeadd Markdown

Pipeline
addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#step-1converttextdataintonumeric #step-
2applyRandomForestClassifier

sentiment_pipeline=Pipeline([

35|Page
 ('tfidf',TfidfVectorizer()),('rfc',RandomForestClassifier(random_state=4
2))
])
addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#fitthedataintopipeline
sentiment_pipeline.fit(X_train,y_train)

addCodeadd Markdown
ModelEvaluation
addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
y_pred=sentiment_pipeline.predict(X_test)
print(accuracy_score(y_test,y_pred))

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
#Positive-
1#Negative-
0#Neutral-2
#Irrelevant-3

label =
['Negative','Positive','Neutral','Irrelevant']sns.heatmap(confusion_matrix(
y_test,y_pred),xticklabels=label,yticklabels=label,annot=True,fmt='d',cmap=
'crest')
plt.title('ActualvsPredicted')
plt.show()
addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
mnb_pipeline =
Pipeline([('tfidf',TfidfVectorizer()
),('mnb',MultinomialNB())
])
addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
mnb_pipeline.fit(X_train,y_train)

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:

36|Page
 mnb_pred=mnb_pipeline.predict(X_test)
print(accuracy_score(y_test,mnb_pred))

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
label =
['Negative','Positive','Neutral','Irrelevant']sns.heatmap(confusion_matrix(
y_test,mnb_pred),xticklabels=label,yticklabels
=label,annot=True,fmt='d',cmap='crest')
plt.title('Actual vs
Predicted')plt.show()
addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
lr_pipeline =
Pipeline([('tfidf',TfidfVectorizer()
),
('lr',LogisticRegression(penalty=None,solver='sag',max_iter=500))
]) addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
lr_pipeline.fit(X_train,y_train)

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
lr_pred=lr_pipeline.predict(X_test)
print(accuracy_score(y_test,lr_pred))

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
label=['Negative','Positive','Neutral','Irrelevant']

sns.heatmap(confusion_matrix(y_test,lr_pred),xticklabels=label,yticklabels=
label,annot=True,fmt='d',cmap='crest')
plt.show()

addCodeadd Markdown
[]:
importpickle
pickle.dump(sentiment_pipeline,open('rfc_sentiment_model','wb'))

37|Page
10. INPUTANDOUTPUTDESIGN

10.1 INPUTDESIGN
Inputdesigniscrucialinensuringthatthesentimentanalysissystemefficientlyprocessesuserinputandpro
videsaccurateresults.Itinvolvesspecifyingproceduresfordatapreparationanddeterminingthe methods
for inputting data into the system. The design focuses on controlling the amount ofinput required,
minimizing errors, avoiding delays, and simplifying the process for users. Keyconsiderationsin
input design forsentiment analysis include:

● Data Specification: Determining what data should be provided as input to the

system,suchas textdata from social mediaposts, customerreviews, orothersources.
● Data Arrangement and Coding: Structuring the input data in a format suitable
forprocessing,whichmayinvolvetokenization,normalization,andencodingtechniques.
● User Interface Design: Creating user-friendly screens and interfaces for data
entry,ensuringeaseof use andefficiency in inputtingdata.
● Input Validation: Implementing validation checks to ensure the accuracy and integrity
oftheinput data, includingchecks for data format, range, andconsistency.
● Error Handling: Developing procedures for handling errors during data input,
includingprovidinginformativeerrormessagesandguidingusers
througherrorresolutionsteps.

10.2 OBJECTIVES
1. Accuracy: Input design aims to prevent errors in the data input process, ensuring that
thesystemreceivescorrect and reliable input fromusers.
2. Efficiency: Creating user-friendly input screens and interfaces helps to streamline the
dataentry process, making it easier for users to input large volumes of data quickly
andaccurately.
3. Validation: Implementing validation checks ensures that the input data meets
specifiedcriteria for accuracy, completeness, and consistency, improving the quality of
the dataprocessedby thesystem.

10.3 OUTPUTDESIGN
Output design is essential for presenting the results of sentiment analysis in a clear and
meaningfulmanner to users and other systems. It involves determining how information is
displayed forimmediate use and in hard copy format. The objectives of output design for sentiment
analysisinclude:

1. Clarity: Designing outputs that effectively communicate the results of sentiment

analysis,ensuringthat userscan easily understandand interpret theinformation presented.
2. Relevance: Presenting information relevant to the user's needs and decision-
makingprocesses,such assentiment trends,sentiment scores,and
sentimentdistributions.
3. Actionability: Providing outputs that signal important events, opportunities, problems,
orwarnings, enabling users to take appropriate actions based on the sentiment
analysisresults.
4. Confirmation: Generating outputs that confirm actions taken or decisions made based
onsentimentanalysis,providinguserswithfeedbackonthe effectivenessoftheiractions.
38|Page
 11. SCREENSHOTS

ScreenShots:

11.1 Distribution:

39|Page
11.2 Tokenization:

40|Page
Output:

41|Page
 12. SYSTEMTESTING
The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying to
discoverevery conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It provides a way to
check thefunctionality of components, sub assemblies, assemblies and/or a finished
product It isthe process of exercising software with the intent of ensuring that the
Software systemmeets its requirements and user expectations and does not fail in an
unacceptablemanner. There are various types of test. Each test type addresses a
specific testingrequirement.
12.1 TYPESOFTESTS
12.1.1 Unittesting
Unit testing involves the design of test cases that validate that the
internalprogram logic is functioning properly, and that program inputs produce valid
outputs.All decision branches and internal code flow should be validated. It is the
testing ofindividual software units of the application .it is done after the completion of
anindividual unit before integration. This is a structural testing, that relies on
knowledgeofitsconstructionandisinvasive.Unittestsperformbasictestsatcomponentlevel
andtest a specific business process, application, and/or system configuration. Unit
testsensurethateachuniquepathofabusinessprocessperformsaccuratelytothedocumented
specificationsand containsclearly definedinputsand expectedresults.
12.1.2 Integrationtesting
Integration tests are designed to test integrated software
componentsto determine if they actually run as one program.Testing is event driven
and is moreconcernedwith thebasicoutcomeof screens orfields.

Integrationtestsdemonstratethatalthoughthecomponentswereindividuallysatisfaction,
as shown by successfully unit testing, the combination of components iscorrect and
consistent. Integration testingisspecifically aimed atexposing theproblemsthat
arisefrom the combination ofcomponents.

42|Page
12.1.3 Functionaltest
Functional tests provide systematic demonstrations that functions tested are
availableas specified by the business and technical requirements, system
documentation, andusermanuals.

Functionaltestingiscentredonthefollowingitems:ValidInpu
t :identified classes of valid input must be
accepted.InvalidInput : identified classes of invalid input must
be rejected.Functions :identified functions mustbe exercised.
Output : identified classes of application outputs must b e
exercised.Systems/Procedures:interfacingsystems orprocedures mustbe invoked.
Organizationandpreparationoffunctionaltestsisfocusedonrequirements,
key functions, or special test cases. In addition, systematic coveragepertaining to
identify Business process flows; data fields, predefined processes,
andsuccessiveprocessesmustbeconsideredfortesting.Beforefunctionaltestingiscomplete
, additional tests are identified and the effective value of current tests isdetermined.
12.1.3 SystemTest
System testing ensures that the entire integrated software system
meetsrequirements.It testsaconfigurationto ensureknown andpredictableresults.

An example of system testing is the configuration oriented system integration

test.System testing is based on process descriptions and flows, emphasizing pre-
drivenprocesslinks and integration points.
12.1.4 WhiteBox Testing
WhiteBoxTestingisatestinginwhichinwhichthesoftwaretesterhasknowle
dge of the inner workings, structure and language of the software, or at least
itspurpose. It is purpose. It is used to test areas that cannot be reached from a black
boxlevel.

43|Page
 12.1.5 BlackBoxTesting
BlackBoxTestingistestingthesoftwarewithoutanyknowledgeoftheinnerworkings,struct
ure or language of the module being tested. Black box tests, as most other kindsof
tests, must be written from a definitive source document, such as specification
orrequirements document, such as specification or requirements document. It is a
testinginwhichthesoftwareundertestistreated,asablackbox.Youcannot“see”intoit.Thetes
t provides inputs and responds to outputs without considering how the softwareworks.
12.1.6 UnitTesting
Unit testing is usually conducted as part of a combined code and
unittest phase of the software lifecycle, although it is not uncommon for coding and
unittestingto beconducted as two distinct phases.
12.2 Teststrategyandapproach
Fieldtestingwillbeperformedmanuallyandfunctionaltestswillbe
writtenindetail.

12.3 Testobjectives
● Allfieldentriesmustworkproperly.
● Pagesmustbeactivatedfromthe identified link.
● Theentryscreen,messages andresponsesmust notbedelayed.

12.4 Features tobe tested

● Verifythatthe entriesare ofthecorrectformat
● Noduplicateentriesshouldbeallowed
● Alllinksshould takethe usertothecorrectpage.
12.5 IntegrationTesting
Software integration testing is the incremental integration testing
oftwo or more integrated software components on a single platform to produce
failurescausedby interfacedefects.

Thetaskoftheintegrationtestistocheckthatcomponentsorsoftwareapplications,
e.g.componentsinasoftwaresystemor–onestepup–softwareapplicationsatthecompanylevel–
interactwithout error.
12.6 TestResults:Allthetestcasesmentionedabovepassedsuccessfully.Nodefectsenc
ountered.

44|Page
 12.7 AcceptanceTesting
User Acceptance Testing is a critical phase of any project and requires
significantparticipation by the end user. It also ensures that the system meets the
functionalrequirements.
12.8 Test Results: All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully.
Nodefectsencountered.
12.9 SampleTestCases:

Excepted Remarks(IF
S.No TestCase Result
Result Fails)
If Ifanalreadyusere
1. FarmerRegister Userregistra Pass mail exists
tionsuccessf thenitfails.
ully.
IftheUsernamea
nd password Un
2. FarmerLogin iscorrect then Pass RegisterUsers
itwill be a willnotlog in.
validpage.
after
loginfarmerwi we can’t get
3. cropdetails Pass
llgetthelistof thecropdetails
crop .
details
we can
getprevious wecan’tgetcropp
4. cropprice Pass
yearcrop prices ricedetails..
forparticularcro
ps..
Admin can
loginwith his Invalid
5. Adminlogin logincredential.I Pass logindetails
fsuccess he will
gethishome notallowedher
page e
Admin Admin Ifuseridnotf
6. canactivateth canactivate Pass oundthenit
e the won’tlogin
registerusers registeruserid.
storethecsvfilei can’tuploadthed
7. storecsvdata Pass
ntodatabase ata
wer
we can’t get
8. algorithm implementingalg Pass
theaccuracy
orithm
we
We
can’timple
9. RandomForest canimplement Pass
mentmodel
randomforest.
deployment
45|Page
 we We
CNN canimple Pass can'timplement
10.
ment CNN
CNNalgorithm model.

46|Page
 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the implementation of sentiment analysis tools like PECAD
(PredictiveEconomic Crop Analysis and Decision-making) presents significant
challenges andopportunities in addressing the needs of non-profit agencies working
with
indebtedfarmers.WhilePECADshowspromiseinpredictingfuturecroppricesaccurately,t
hereare several key challenges that need to be addressed for successful deployment
andadoption.

Firstly,enhancingPECAD'spredictiveperformancebyincorporatinghistoricalweather
patterns could improve its accuracy in determining future crop supply andprices.
However, integrating physical weather prediction models with PECAD
posestechnicalchallenges thatneed tobe addressed in futureiterations.

Additionally,theadoptionofsophisticateddeeplearningapproacheslikePECADmayface
resistance among low-literate farmers due to concerns and suspicions.
Publicawareness campaigns and education initiatives within the agencies working
with suchprogramscanhelp alleviate thesefearsand encourageparticipation.

Moreover,theresourceconstraintsfacedbynon-
profitagencies,particularlyinacquiringsophisticatedcomputerhardwarefortrainingandru
nningPECAD,necessitateapragmaticapproach.DeployingPECADasastand-
alonewebservicethatagenciescanaccesswithoutsignificantinvestmentinhardwarecanfaci
litateitsadoptionand usage.

Furthermore,whilePECADrepresentsavaluabletoolinaddressingfarmersuicides,itis only
one piece of the puzzle. Success depends on the availability of long-term
croppricingandvolumedata,whichmaynotbereadilyaccessibleinalldevelopingcountries.
Effortsto establish analogous data repositories and collaborations
withrelevantstakeholdersareessential forthesustainabilityand scalabilityofPECAD.

In summary, PECAD offers a promising solution for predicting future produce

pricesbasedonpastdatapatterns.Itsinnovativewideanddeeplearningarchitecturedemonstr
atessuperiorperformancecomparedtoexistingmethods.Collaborationswithnon-
profitagencies,ongoingreviews,andpotentialdeploymentsunderscorethesignificance of
PECAD in addressing the challenges faced by indebted farmers andpreventingfarmer
suicides.

47|Page
 BIBILOGRAPHY

[1]S.ChandraKala,andC.
Sindhu,“Opinionminingandsentimentclassification: A survey”,
ICTACT journal on soft computing, vol. 3,No.1, pp. 420-425, October
2012.
[2] B.Pang,and L.Lee, “Opinionmining andsentiment
analysis”,Foundations and Trends® in Information Retrieval, Vol. 2,
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[3] E. Aydoğan, and M.A. Akcayol, “A comprehensive survey
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