Class-12

Chemistry(2024-25)
Holiday Homework
1.Complete the Practical File.
2.Do Investigatory Project.
2.Do the following questions in Register.

WORKSHEET
HALOALKANES AND HALOARENES

Q.1 In which of the following molecules carbon atom marked with asterisk (*) is
asymmetric?

(A) (a), (b), (c), (d)

(B) (a), (b), (c)
(C) (b), (c), (d)
(D) (a), (c), (d)

Q.2 Chlorobenzene is formed by reaction of chlorine with benzene in the presence of AlCl 3.
Which of the following species attacks the benzene ring in this reaction ?
(A) Cl–
(B) Cl+
(C) AlCl3
(D) [AlCl4]–

Q.3 Identify
following
reaction:
A)Wurtz
Reaction
B)Etard
Reaction
C)Reimer Tiemann Reaction
D)Kolbe Reaction

Q.4 The reaction of toluene with chlorine in the presence of iron and in the absence of
light yields ____________.
A) Benzyl chloride
B) o-Chlorobenzene
C) p-Chlorobenzene
D) Mixture of B and C

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Q.5 What is Q in the following reaction?

Q.6 Which of the following is the correct order of decreasing SN2 reactivity?
A) RCH2X > R2CHX > R3CX
B) R3CX > R2CHX >RCH2X
C) R2CHX >R3CX > RCH2X
D) RCH2X >R3CX >R2CHX

Q.7 Which of the following is correct for the reaction

A) is major product and B is minor product

B )is major product and A is minor product
C)Only A will be obtained as a product
D)Only B will be obtained as a product

Q.8 Tertiary alkyl halides are practically inert to substitution by SN2 mechanism because of
A)steric hindrance
B)inductive effect
C)instability
D)insolubility

Q.9 Match the reactions given in Column I with the names given in Column II.

A) i-a, ii-b , iii-c, iv-d

B) i-b, ii-a , iii-d, iv-c
C) i-d, ii-b , iii-c, iv-a
D) i-c, ii-a , iii-b, iv-d
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Q.10 Alkyl fluorides are synthesised by heating an alkyl chloride/bromide in presence of
(A) CaF2
(B) PF3
(C) Hg2F2
(D) NaF

Q.11 Haloalkanes contain halogen atom (s) attached to the sp3 hybridised carbon atom of
an alkyl group. Identify haloalkane from the following compounds.
(A) 2-Bromopentane
(B) Vinyl chloride (chloroethene)
(C) 2-chloroacetophenone
(D) chlorobenzene

Q.12 Alkyl halides are prepared from alcohols by treating with_____

(A) HCl + ZnCl2
(B) Red P + Br2
(C) PCl5
(D) All the above

Q.13 Match the structures given in Column I with the names in Column II.

A) i-a, ii-b ,iii-c, iv-d

B) i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c
C) i-d, ii-b ,iii-c, iv-a
D) i-a, ii-d, iii-c, iv-b

Q.14 Which is the correct increasing order of boiling points of the following compounds?
1-Iodobutane, 1-Bromobutane, 1-Chlorobutane, Butane
(A) Butane < 1-Chlorobutane < 1-Bromobutane < 1-Iodobutane
(B) 1-Iodobutane < 1-Bromobutane < 1-Chlorobutane < Butane
(C) Butane < 1-Iodobutane < 1-Bromobutane < 1-Chlorobutane
(D) Butane < 1-Chlorobutane < 1-Iodobutane < 1-Bromobutane

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 Given Given below question no 15-18 consist of an "Assertion" (A) and "Reason" (R)
Type questions. Use the following Key to choose the appropriate answer.
A)If both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B)If both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C)If (A) is true but (R) is false.
D)If (A) is false but (R) is true.

Q.15 Assertion (A) : Presence of a nitro group at ortho or para position increases the
reactivity of haloarenes towards nucleophilic substitution.
Reason (R) : Nitro group, being an electron withdrawing group decreases the electron
density over the benzene ring.

Q.16 Assertion (A) : It is difficult to replace chlorine by –OH in chlorobenzene in comparison

to that in chloroethane.
Reason (R) : Chlorine-carbon (C—Cl) bond in chlorobenzene has a partial double bond
character due to resonance.

Q.17 Assertion (A) : Chlorobenzene is less reactive than benzene towards the electrophilic
substitution reaction.
Reason (R) : Resonance destabilises the carbocation.

Q.18 Assertion(A) :The C–Cl bond length in chlorobenzene is shorter than that in CH3–Cl.
Reason (R) : In haloarenes,Cl is attached to sp2 hybridised carbon which is more
electronegative than sp3 hybridised carbon.

Q.19 Hydrolysis of optically active 2-bromobutane forms optically inactive butan-2-ol. Why?

Q.20 a)Which one out of CH3CH(Cl)CH2CH3 and CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl is more easily hydrolysed
by KOH(aq).
b) Arrange the following compounds according to reactivity towards nucleophillic
substitution reaction with CH3ONa :
4-nitrochlorobenzene, 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene and 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene

Q.21 Vinyl chloride is less reactive than allyl chloride. Why?

Q.22 How is chlorobenzene prepared by (a) direct chlorination (b) diazotization method?

Q.23 Why do haloalkanes undergo nucleophillic substitution whereas haloarenes undergo

electrophillic substitution ?

Q.24 What happens when

a) Thionyl chloride acts upon propan-1-ol.
b) Ethanol reacts with PBr3 .

Q.25 What are the IUPAC names of the insecticide : DDT and benzenehexachloride? Why is
their use banned in India and other countries?

Q.26 Compound ‘A’ with molecular formula C4H9Br is treated with aq. KOH solution. The
rate of this reaction depends upon the concentration of the compound ‘A’ only. When
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 another isomer ‘B’ of this compound was treated with aq. KOH solution, the rate of
reaction was found to be dependent on concentration of compound and KOH both. (i)
Write down the structural formula of both compounds ‘A’ and ‘B’. (ii) Out of these two
compounds, which one will be optically active?

Q.27 What is the difference between enantiomers and diastereomers. Illustrate with one
example.

Q.28 Some alkyl halides undergo substitution whereas some undergo elimination reaction
on treatment with bases. Discuss the structural features of alkyl halides with the help
of examples which are responsible for this difference?

Q.29 Give the IUPAC names of the following:-

(a) o-Br-C6H4CH(CH3)CH2CH3
(b) CH3C(Cl)(C2H5)CH2CH3
(c) Cl-CH2 C ≡ C-CH2-Br

Q.30 Complete the following reactions :

i) CH3CH=C(CH3)2 + HBr -------
ii) CH3CH2CH2OH + SOCl2 -----------
iii) CH3CH2Br + Mg ---------

Q.31 Chlorofluoro carbon (CFC) compounds of methane and ethane are collectively known
as freons. They are non-inflammable , extremely stable, non-toxic, non-corrosive and
low boiling liquids. CFC and gas emitted from the exhaust system of supersonics
aeroplanes might be slowly depleting the concentration of the ozone layer in the
upper atmosphere.
Answer the following questions :
1. Write the formula of freon.
2. Give two uses of chlorofluorocarbons.
3. How does freon-12 deplete ozone layer?
4. Do you think the use of CFCs should be banned? Give reason.

Q.32 Methyl chloride, methyl bromide, ethyl chloride and some chlorofluoromethanes are
gases at room temperature. Higher members are liquids or solids. As we have already
learnt, molecules of organic halogen compounds are generally polar. Due to greater
polarity as well as higher molecular mass as compared to the parent hydrocarbon, the
intermolecular forces of attraction (dipole-dipole and van der Waals) are stronger in
the halogen derivatives. That is why the boiling points of chlorides, bromides and
iodides are considerably higher than those of the hydrocarbons of comparable
molecular mass. The attractions get stronger as the molecules get bigger in size and
have more electrons.

i)Draw all the possible isomers structure of bromobutane and arrange them in
increasing order of boiling points.
ii)Even though haloalkanes are polar compounds these compounds are least soluble in
water. Why?
iii) How will you distinguish between chloroethane and bromoethane?
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Q.33 Identify A, B , C and D in the following:-

+SOCl2 Alc.KOH HBr/Peroxide AgCN

CH3CH2CH2OH ──────→ A ──────→ B ───────→ C ───────→D

Q.34 i) Arrange in increasing order of boiling points.

(a) Bromomethane, Bromoform, chloromethane, Dibromomethane
(b)1-chloropropane, Isopropyl chloride, 1-Chlorobutane
(c) 1-chloropropane, , 1-bromopropane, 1-iodopropane

ii) Which compound will react faster in SN2 reaction with -OH?
(a) CH3Br and CH3I (b) (CH3)3C-Cl or CH3Cl

Q.35 How the following conversions can be carried out?

i) But-1-ene to n-butyliodide
ii)2-Chloropropane to 1-propanol
iii)Isopropyl alcohol to iodoform
iv)Chlorobenzene to p-nitrophenol
v)2-Bromopropane to 1-bromopropane

WORKSHEET

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Identify the following reaction :

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8
.

Give the mechanism for the following in the presence of conc.H2SO4 and 413 K.

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Q.30

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 WORKSHEET
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

1. An aqueous NaOH solution is added to a mixture of benzaldehyde and formaldehyde to

produce:

a. benzyl alcohol + sodium formate

b. sodium benzoate + methanol
c. benzyl alcohol + methanol
d. sodium benzoate + sodium formate
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2. Formic acid and acetic acid are distinguished by

a. NaHCO3
b. FeCl3
c. Victor Mayer test
d. Tollen's reagent

3. Which of the following compounds do not react with NaHSO3 ?

a. HCHO
b. C6H5COCH3
c. CH3COCH3
d. CH3CHO

4. Which compound is obtained when acetaldehydes are treated with a dilute solution of
caustic soda?

a. Sodium acetate
b. Resinous mass
c. Aldol
d. Ethyl acetate

5. Which of the following has the most acidic hydrogen?

a. hexane-2,4-dione
b. hexane-2,3-dione
c. hexane-2,5-dione
d. hexane-3-one

6. The formation of cyanohydrin from a ketone is an example of

a. electrophilic addition
b. nucleophilic addition
c. nucleophilic substitution
d. electrophilic substitution

7. Which of the reactions below can result in ketones?

a. Oxidation of primary alcohols
b. Oxidation of secondary alcohols
c. Dehydrogenation of tertiary alcohols
d. Dehydrogenation of primary alcohols

8. Which of the following compounds is formed when benzyl alcohol is oxidised with
KMnO4?
a. CO2 and H2O
b. Benzoic acid
c. Benzaldehyde
d. Benzophenone

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9. At 287K, which of the following is a gas?
a. Propanal
b. Acetaldehyde
c. Formaldehyde
d. Acetone

10. The IUPAC name of CH3-CH=CH-CHO is:

a. But-2-enal
b. Ethane
c. But-2-en
d. Buten-2-al

11. Propanone can be prepared from ethyne by

a. passing a mixture of ethyne and steam over a catalyst, magnesium at 420°C
b. passing a mixture of ethyne and ethanol over a catalyst zinc chromite
c. boiling ethyne with water in the presence of HgSO4 and H2SO4
d. treating ethyne with iodine and NaOH

12. The product of hydrolysis of ozonide of 1-butene are

a. ethanol only
b. ethanal and methanal
c. propanal and methanol
d. methanal only

13. Which of the following compounds will undergo Cannizzaro reaction?

a. CH3CHO
b. CH3COCH3
c. C6H5CHO
d. C6H5CH2CHO

14. Aldehydes that do not undergo aldol condensation are

1. Propanal
2. Trichloroethanal
3. 2-phenylethanal
4. Ethanal
5. Benzaldehyde

a. 3 and 4 only
b. 2 and 5 only
c. 1, 2 and 3 only
d. 2, 3 and 5 only

15. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion(A) : The boiling points of aldehydes and ketones are higher than
hydrocarbons and ethers of comparable molecular masses.
Reason(R) : There is a relatively stronger molecular association in aldehydes and
ketones.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
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 c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.

16. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion(A) : Compounds containing –CHO group are easily oxidised to corresponding
carboxylic acids.
Reason(R) : Carboxylic acids can be reduced to alcohols by treatment with LiAlH4
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.

17. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion(A) : Aromatic aldehydes and formaldehyde undergo Cannizzaro reaction.
Reason(R) : Aromatic aldehydes are almost as reactive as formaldehyde.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.

18. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion(A) : The α-hydrogen atom in carbonyl compounds is more acidic than phenol.
Reason (R): The anion formed after the loss of α-hydrogen atom is resonance
stabilised.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.

19. Fluoroacetic acid is a stronger acid than acetic acid.

20. (i)Aldehydes are more reactive than Ketones towards nucleophilic additions.Why ?

(ii)Carboxylic acids has higher boiling points than alcohols of same no.of carbon atoms.Why ?

21. What happens when:

(a) Propanone is treated with methyl magnesium iodide and then hydrolysed, and
(b) Benzene is treated with CH3COCl in presence of anhydrous AlCl3?
(c)What happens when:
(i) Butanone is treated with methylmagnesium bromide and then hydrolysed, and
(ii) Sodium benzoate is heated with soda lime?

22. Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated :
(i) F – CH2COOH, O2N – CH2COOH, CH3COOH, HCOOH — acid character
(ii) Acetone, Acetaldehyde, Benzaldehyde, Acetophenone — reactivity towards
addition of HCN
23. Write structures of compounds A and B in each of the following reactions :
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24. Give reasons :
(i) Benzoic acid is a stronger acid than acetic acid.
(ii) Methanal is more reactive towards nucleophilic addition reaction than ethanal.

25. Give a simple chemical test to distinguish between propanal and propanone.

26. Write the main product formed when propanal reacts with the following reagents:
(i) 2 moles of CH3OH in presence of dry HCl
(ii) Dilute NaOH
(iii) H2N – NH2 followed by heating with KOH in ethylene glycol.

27. Perform the following conversions in not more than two steps :
(i) Benzoic acid to benzaldehyde
(ii) Ethyl benzene to Benzoic acid
(iii) Prapanone to Propene

28. (a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved in Cannizzaro reaction.
(b) Draw the structure of the semicarbazone of ethanal.
(c) Why pKa of 𝑭 − 𝑪𝑯𝟐 − 𝑪𝑶𝑶𝑯 is lower than that of 𝑪𝒍−𝑪𝑯𝟐 −𝑪𝑶𝑶𝑯?

29. Give any three answer from given a, b, c, d and e.

(a) Write the chemical reaction involved in Wolf-Kishner reduction.
(b) Arrange the following in the increasing order of their reactivity towards nucleophilic
addition reaction: 𝐂𝟔𝐇𝟓𝐂𝐎𝐂𝐇𝟑, 𝐂𝐇𝟑 − 𝐂𝐇𝐎, 𝐂𝐇𝟑𝐂𝐎𝐂𝐇𝟑
(c) Why carboxylic acid does not give reactions of carbonyl group.
(d) Write the product in the following reaction

(e) A and B are two functional isomers of compound C6H6O. On heating with NaOH and
I2, isomer B forms yellow precipitate of iodoform whereas isomer A does not form
any precipitate. Write the formulae of A and B.

30. (a)Write the products of the following reactions:

(b)Give simple tests to distinguish between the following pairs of organic compounds
(i) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one
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 (ii) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone
(iii) Phenol and Benzoic acid

31. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions :
When an aldehyde with no a-hydrogen reacts with concentrated aqueous NaOH,
half the aldehyde is converted to carboxylic acid salt and other half is converted to
an alcohol. In other words, half of the reactant is oxidized and other half is reduced.
This reaction is known as Cannizzaro reaction

The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate
answer :
(i) A mixture of benzaldehyde and formaldehyde on heating with aqueous NaOH
solution gives
(a) benzyl alcohol and sodium formate (b) sodium benzoate and methyl alcohol

(c) sodium benzoate and sodium formate (d) benzyl alcohol and methyl alcohol.
(ii) Which compounds will undergo Cannizzaro reaction?

(iii) Trichloroacetaldehyde is subjected to Cannizzaro's reaction by using NaOH. The

mixture of the products contains sodium trichloroacetate ion and another
compound. What will be the other compound?

32. The addition reaction of enol or enolate to the carbonyl functional group of aldehyde or
ketone is known as aldol addition. The β-hydroxyaldehyde or β-hydroxyketone so
obtained undergo dehydration in the second step to produce a conjugated enone. The
first part of the reaction is an addition reaction and the second part is an elimination
reaction. The Carbonyl compound having α-hydrogen undergoes an aldol condensation
reaction.

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 (i)The condensation reaction is the reverse of which of the following reaction?
(a) Lock and key hypothesis
(b) Oxidation
(c) Hydrolysis
(d) Glycogen formation
(ii) Which compounds would be the main product of an aldol condensation of
acetaldehyde and acetone?
(iii) Which combination of carbonyl compounds gives phenyl vinyl ketone by an aldol
condensation?

(iv) Write the condition for chemical reaction will undergo aldol condensation?

33. (a) An organic compound ‘A’ having molecular formula C5H10O gives negative Tollens’
test, forms n-pentane on Clemmensen reduction but doesn’t give iodoform test.
Identify ‘A’ and give all the reactions involved.
(b) Carry out the following conversions :
(i) Propanoic acid to 2-Bromopropanoic acid
(ii) Benzoyl chloride to benzaldehyde
(c) How will you distinguish between benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde ?
(d) Convert benzaldehyde to Cinnamaldehyde?
(e ) What is IUPAC name of-

(f) Write the structural formula of Isoamyl acetate.

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34. (a)What happens when 2 moles of acetone are condensed in presence of Ba(OH) 2? Write
chemical equation.
(b)What happens when acetic acid is heated with P2O5?
(c) Why is alpha () hydrogen of carbonyl compounds acidic in nature ?
(d) What happens when salicylic acid is heated with zinc dust?
(e) Why is p-hydroxy benzoic acid more acidic than p-methoxy benzoic acid?
(f) Complete the following reactions:

(g) Account for the following :

(i) Aromatic carboxylic acids do not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction.
(ii) pKa value of 4-nitrobenzoic acid is lower than that of benzoic acid.

35. Carry out the following conversions :

(i) P-nitrotoluene to 2-bromobenzoic acid
(ii) Propanoic acid to acetic acid
(b) An alkene with molecular formula C5H10 on ozonolysis gives a mixture of two
compounds, B and C. Compound B gives positive Fehling test and also reacts with
iodine and NaOH solution. Compound C does not give Fehling solution test but forms
iodoform.
Identify the compounds A, B and C.

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