UNIT V - MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

Evaluate  
2 2
a a x

1. a 2  x 2  y 2 dxdy . (NOV/DEC 2016)

0 0

Solution:
xa  y  a 2  x2 
I     a x   y dy dx
2

 
2 2 2

x 0  y 0 

a 
a2  x2
 
a 2  x2
a  x2  y2  
y 2 y
sin 1

  2 
0
dx
0
2 2 a 2
x

 a2  x2  a2  x2   
  0  sin 1 1  dx    dx   a  x dx 
a a a

2 2
2 2

0 
2 0
40

 x3      2a 3   3
a
 a 2 x    a3   0    a
a3
4  3  4  3 
 4  3  6

 xy dx dy over the positive quadrant of the circle

0

Evaluate x2  y2  a2 . (N/D 2019)

2.
Solution:
Taking Vertical Strip, the limits are
x  0 to a ; y  0 to a2  x2

 xy dxdy   
a a 2  x2
xydydx
R 0 0

 y2 
  
a a 2  x2

 2 
0 0
xdx

  
a 2 - x 2 x dx   a 2 x - x3 dx  
a a
1 1

20 20

1  x2 x4  1  a4 a4  1  a4  a4
a
  a2        
2  2 4  2  2 4  2  4  8

 (x
0
3 Evaluate 2
 y 2 )dy dx over the region R for which x, y  0, x  y  1.
R

Solution:

The region of integration is the triangle bounded by the lines

 x  0, y  0, x  y  1

Limits of y : 0 to 1–x ; Limits of x : 0 to 1

   x  y 2 dydx
1 1 x

( x 2  y 2 )dy dx = 2

R 0 0

 y3

1 x

= x 2 y  
1

0
 3 
dx
0

 2 (1  x)3 
 0   
3 
1

x (1 x ) dx

 x3 x 4 (1  x)4 
   
1

3 4 12  0
1 1 1
  
3 4 12
1

6

  1 using double integration.

4 x2 y 2
Find the area bounded by the ellipse
a 2 b2
Solution: By the symmetry of the curve the
area of the ellipse is
Area  4 Area in the first quardrant
x2

 4   4  [ y ]0
b 1-
a a2 a x2
b 1-
a2
dydx dx
0 0 0

 4b  1-
a 0

a a
x2 4b
dx a 2 - x 2 dx
0
a2
4b  x 2 2 a 2  x 
  a - x  sin -1   
a

a 2 2  a 0
4 b  a2   
  sin -1   2 ab     ab.
a 2  2

5 Find the area bounded by the parabolas y 2  4  x and y 2  x (NOV/DEC 2018)

Solution:

y2  4  x  y 2    x  4
it is a parabola with vertex  4, 0 
y 2  x is a parabola with vertex  0, 0  .
 Obtain the points of intersection of
y2  x      (1)
2
y  4  x      (2)
Substitute (1) in (2)
x  4  x  2 x  4  x  2.
When x  2 , From (1), y 2  2  y   2
The points of intersection are 2, 2 & 2,  2    
The required Area

  
y 2 x 4 y 2 y 2
2
 dx dy  [ x ]42 y dy
y
y  2 x y2 y  2

   4  y  y  dy    4  2 y  dy
2 2
2 2 2

 2  2

 y3 

 2  4  2y  dy  2  4 y  2 
2 2
2

0  3 0
 
 2  4 2  2
 2 
  (0)  ∵
 2  2 2
3

    
3

 
 
3

   1  2  16 2
 2 4 2  2   2  4 2 1    8 2   
4
   3 3
sq. units.
3 3
6 Find the double integration the area by the curves y 2 = 4ax and x 2 = 4ay .
Solution:
The area is closed by the parabola
y 2  4ax - - - - - - - -(1) and x2  4ay - - - - - - - -(2)
To find the lim its solve (1) and (2)

(2)  y 
x2
4a
sub in (1)
 x2 
   4ax
2

 4a 
x4  64a3
( x4 - 64a3 )  0
x  0 or ( x3 - 64a3 )  0
x  0 or x3  64a3 Þ x  4a
  x2 
 Area    dydx    y  x2    4ax -  dx
4 a 4 ax 4a 4a
4 ax

0 
4a 
dx
0 x2 0 4a
4a

 x 2 1 x3 
 1 2
  2 a x -
4a

x dx   2 a 
4a 3

4a 
1

0   3 4a 3 
2
-
 2 0


4 a 3 1
(4a ) 2 - (4a )3
3 12a

 64a 3 
5
4 a 3 3 1 4 2 42 1
(4) 2 (a ) 2 - a - 64a 3
3 12a 3 12a

 a - a  a - a
5
(22 ) 2 2 16 2 32 2 16 2
3 3 3 3
 a2
16
3
POLAR COORDINATES
7 Find the area of the cardioid r  a  1  cos  
Solution:
The curve is symmetrical about the initial line.
Herelimits are r  0 to a (1  cos ) ;   0 to  .
  r  a 1 cos  
The required area  2   r dr d
 0 r 0

 r2 
a 1 cos  

 2  

d
0 
2 0

   a 2 1  cos    0  d


 
2

 a 2  1  cos 2   2 cos  d



 1  cos 2
 a 2  1 

 2 cos  d


0  
2

 a2   
 3 cos 2 
 2 cos  d


0  
2 2

3 sin 2 
a    2sin  


2 2 2 0
2
  3  
 a 2    0  0    0  0  0  
 2  
3
  a 2 Sq.units. .

 r
2

8 Evaluate 3
dr d , where A is the area between the circles r  2sin  and r  4sin  .
A

Let I =  r 3 dr d , where the region A is the area between the circles r  2sin  and r  4sin  .
Solution:

A
From the figure, the limits are obtained from r : 2sin  to 4sin  ;  : 0 to  .

I   r dr d   
 4sin 
3
r 3 dr d
A 0 r 2sin 

r4 
4sin 
  

d
0
 4  2sin 

4 0

 (2564  16sin 4  ) d
1

 60  (sin 4 ) d


0


 (60 )(2)  (sin  ) d

2
4

∵  f ( x) dx  2  f ( x) dx if (2a  x)  f ( x)
2a a

0 0
 3   1    45
 120      
 4   2  2 
.
2
9 Find the area inside the circle r = asinθ but lying outside the cardioid r = a 1- cosθ  .
Find the area inside the circle r  a sin  but
lying outside the cardioid r  a 1- cos   .
Solution:
Given r  a sin         (1)
and r  a 1- cos      (2)
Eliminating r from (1) and (2)
a sin   a (1- cos  )
sin   cos   1- - - - - -(3)
 (3) 2  sin 2   cos 2   2 sin  cos   1
1  2 sin 2  1
sin 2  0
2  0, 

  0,
2

 r2 
a sin 

  
 
a sin 
r drd  2
2 2

  a (1-cos )
Area 
0 a (1-cos ) 0

  sin  - 1- 2 cos   cos 2    d

 

  a sin  - a (1- cos  )  d 

1 2
2 2 2 a2 2
2
2

2 0 2 0

 sin


  -1  2 cos   cos 2   d
a2 2
2

2 0

 -1  2 cos   d ∵  cos  d   sin 2  d

  
a2 2 2 2
 2

2 0 0 0

a2   
 -  2 sin  0 2   -  2sin  - 0
a2  

2 2  2 2 
a2   
  -  2 4 - 
a2
2 2 

4

10 Find the area bounded between r = 2cosθ and r = 4cosθ .

Area =  r dr dθ
Solution:

Where the region R is the area between

the circles r = 2cosθ and r = 4cosθ
 r var ies from r  2 cos  to r  4 cos 
 
 var ies from - to
2 2

 

2 4cos
Area  r dr d
- 2cos
2

 r2 
    d   16 cos 2  - 4 cos 2   d   12 cos 2  d
 4cos   
2
1 2 1 2
-  2  2cos  2 - 2 -
2 2 2

 cos  d  6 (2)  cos 2  d

 
2 2
2
6
- 0
2
 ∵  cos 2  d 
1 1

2
 6 (2)
22 0
22
 3
CHANGE THE ORDER OF INTEGRATION
For changing the order of integration in a given double integral
Step 1: Draw the region of integration by using the given limits
Step 2: After changing the order, consider
 dxdy as horizontal strip
 dydx as vertical strip
Step 3: Find the new limits
Step 4: Evaluate the double integral.

 
1 2 x

11 Change the order of integration in xy dy dx and hence evaluate it. (JAN 2014)
0 x2

Solution:

 
x 1 y 2 x
Given I  xy dy dx
x 0 y  x 2

The region of integration is given by

y  x 2 , y  2  x, x  0 & x  1.

The point of intersection is (0,0) (0,2) and (1,1).

Taking vertical strip, we get two regions OAB and
ABC.
In OAB the limits are x  0 to y ; y  0 to 1.

In ABC the limits are x  0 to 2  y ; y  1 to 2.

     By change of order 
x 1 y  2  x
I xy dy dx  xy dx dy  xy dx dy  I1  I 2    (1)
x 0 y  x2 OAB ABC

I1   xy dx dy    xy dx dy
1 y

 
OAB 0 0


 x2 
y   dy   y 
 y  0  dy
y 2
1 1

0  2 0 0 
2


1  y3  1 1  1
  y 2 dy       
1 1
1
20 2  3 0 2  3  6
 I2   xy dx dy   
2 2 y
xy dx dy
ABC 1 0

x 2  2 y
  y  dy    y  2  y   0  dy
2 2
1
 
2 2

1 
2 0 1 21

  y  4  4 y  y 2  dy
2
1
21

1  4 y2 y3 y4 
  4 y  4 y 2  y 3 dy  
 
2

4  
2
1
21 2 2 3 4 1
1    4 1 
 8   4    2   
2 
32
3   3 4 
1 28 1  1  5  5
 10     
2 3 4  2  12  24

 (1)  I   
1 2 x
1 5 3
xy dx dy  I1  I 2   
0 x2
6 24 8

 
1 2 y

12 Change the order of integration in xy dx dy and hence evaluate it. (NOV/DEC 2020)
0 y

Solution:

 
y 1 x  2 y
Given xy dx dy
y 0 x y

The region of integration is given by x  y, x  2  y, y  0 & y  1.

Solving x  y, x  2  y, we get x  1, y  1.
The points of intersections are (0,0) (1,1) and (2,0).
Taking vertical strip, we get two regions OAC and ABC.
In OAC the limits are y  0 to x ; x  0 to 1.
In ABC the limits are y  0 to 2  x ; x  1 to 2.

I      By change of order 
1 2 y
xy dy dx  xy dx dy  xy dx dy  I1  I 2    (1)
0 y OAC ABC

 y2 
I1   xy dx dy    xy dx dy   x   dx
1 x 1 x

0 
OAC 0 0
2 0
 x2 
  x   0  dx   x3 dx
1 1
1
0  
2 20

1  x4  1 1 1
1

     
2  4 0 2  4  8
  y2 
 xy dx dy    xy dx dy  
2 x

I2  x 
2 2 x 2

C (1,1)
 2 0
dx
ABC 1 0 1

  x  (2  x) 2  0  dx   x (4  2 x  x 2 ) dx
2 2
1 2 x 1
21 0 21

1  4x2 x3 x4 
  4 x  4 x 2  x3 dx  
 
2

4  
2
1
21 2 2 3 4 1
O (0,0) y=0 A (1,0) B (2,0)
1    4 1 
  8   4    2    
32
2  3   3 4 
1 28 1  1 5  5
 10      
2  3 4 2  12  24

 (1)  I   
1 2 y
1 5 1
xy dx dy  I1  I 2   
0 y
8 24 3


  y
e
13 Change the order of integration in dy dx and hence evaluate it. (APR/MAY 2019)
0 x
y

Solution:

 
x  y   y
Given
e
dy dx y=
x 0 y  x
y

By changing the order of integration, we get x=y

x=0 x=
 e y 
   
x  y   y y  x  y
dy dx  dx   dy
 y
e
x 0 y  x
y y 0 x 0   y=0

ye 
   x 0 
 y

 y  d y
0  
 e y   e y 
  dy   e dy  
  
 y 
 y
y

0   0  1  0
   e  e0   (0  1)  1
 

 
2 4 y 2
14 Change the order of integration in xy dx dy and hence evaluate it.
0 0
 Solution:

 
2
y  2 x  4 y
Given xy dx dy
y 0 x 0

Given x  0 and x  4  y 2  x 2  4  y 2  x 2  y 2  4.
 It is a circle with center (0, 0) and radius 2.
y  0 and y  2
By changing the order of integration, we get

 y2 
  xy dy dx   x   dx   x(4  x 2 ) dx   (4 x  x3 ) dx
2 4 x 2 2 4 x 2 2 2
1 1
0 
0 0
2 20 20
0

1  x2 x4  1 
2

  4     2(2) 2   (0)   2
(2) 4
2 2 4 0 2  4 

 
3 6/ x
15 Change the order of integration in x 2 dy dx and hence evaluate it.
1 0

Solution:
The given region of integration is
6
When x  1 in y  ,  y  6 and
x
6
When x  3 in y  ,  y  2.
x
The point of intersection is (1,0), (3,0), (1,6)
and (3,2).
Taking Horizontal Strip, we get two regions
ABCD and CDE.
In ABCD, the limits are
x  1 to 3 ; y  0 to 2.

In CDE, the limits are x  1 to

6
; y  2 to 6.
y

I      By change of order 
3 6/ x
x 2 dy dx  x 2 dy dx  x 2 dy dx  I1  I 2    (1)
1 0 ABCD CDE

 x3   26 
I1   x dy dx    x dx dy     y 0    (2)  .
2 3 3
2 52
 
2 2

ABCD 0 1  1
3 3 3
  x 2 dy dx   
6

I2 
6 y
x 2 dx dy
CDE 2 1

 x3  y  1   216 
    dy      3  1 dy
6
6 6

2 
3 1 32  y 
 1  
     216 y 3 dy   dy 
6 6

 3   2 2


 
 1   216 
    
6

  
 3    2 y 2  2 
6
y
 
2

 1    1 1  
    108      (6  2) 
 3    36 4   
 1    8    1
    108     (4)      24  4 
 3    36     3

20
3

 (1)  I   
3 6/ x
52 20
x 2 dy dx  I1  I 2    24.
1 0
3 3

 x
a a
x dydx
Change the order of integration in 2
and hence evaluate it.
16. 0 y
+ y2

Solution:
Given limits x : y  a ; y :0  a
After changing the order

 x
x dydx
2
+ y2
dy dx  vertical strip
Now, limit x :0  a ; y :0  x
 1 
 0 0 x2 + y 2  0 0 x  x2 + y 2  dy dx
a x a x
x
dydx

1  y 
  x  tan 1    dx
a x

0 
x  x  0

  x  tan 1 1  tan 1  0   dx ∵ tan 1 1  , tan 1  0   0


a

0
4
  
    dx
a

0
4
  a a
    x 0 
4 4

 
a a2  x 2

17. Evaluate xy dy dx by changing the order of integration.

0 0

Solution:
Given y  0, y  a 2  x 2
y2  a2  x2
x2  y2  a2
x  0, x  a
After changing the order,
dxdy  horizontal strip

 x2 
  xy dy dx   y  
a a2  x2 a a2  y2

 2 a
dy
0 0 0

  a  y 2 dy
a
y 2
0
2

0 ydy  2 0 y dy
a a
a2 1 3

2

a2  y2  1  y4 
     
a a

2  2 0 2  4 0
a4 a4 a4
  
4 8 8

  ye
 y y2

18 Change the order of integration x
dx dy and hence evaluate it.
0 0

Solution
Given limits:
x  0, x  y y  0, y  
After changing the order,
dy dx  vertical strip

  ye dx dy    2 ye x dy dx
 y y2 
y 2

x
1 

0 0
20x

   2 ye x dy dx
y 2
1 

20x
 1  
    2 ye x dy  dx
  y 2


2 0  x 
 y2 


1  x    e x 
2 0
    d ( y 2 )  dx    dx
  y 2

1
2 0  x  x  1 
e
  x  
x

  1   
     0    xe x


  dx  dx
 y 2
 x2

2 0   
1  

 x  x
x


xe
20

1  xe  x  e x  
  xe  x dx


   (1)   

1
20 2  1   1 1   0

   xe  x  e  x  (0  0)  (0  1)
1  1
 ∵ e   0, e0  1
2 0 2
1

2

Change the order of integration and hence evaluate  

4 a 2 ax

19. dydx .
0 x2
4a

Solution:
Given limits:
x2
y  x 2  4ay        (1)
4a
y  2 ax  y 2  4ax      (2)
x0 , x  4a
Sub (1) in (2),
 y2 

2

 
y4
  4ay
 4a 
4 ay
16a 2
y 4  64a 3 y   y 4  64a 3 y   0

y  y 3  64a 3   0
y  0 and y 3  64a 3  0  y  0 and y 3  64a 3
y0 and y  4a
when y  0  x  0
16a 2
when y  4a  x   4a
4a
After changing the order,
dy dx  vertical strip
    
4 a 2 ax 4 a 2 ay
dydx  dxdy
0 x2 0 y2
4a 4a

  x 0 
 y 2 dy
 
2 ay

4a 
4a 4a
 dy 2 ay
0 y2
4a

 
  2
 
4a

 y  2 a y 
3

4a 
4a 2
2 ( y ) 3

 12a 
1
2
a ( y) dy
 0
0
3
2
4 (4a)3   32a 2 (4a)3 
 a (4a) 2      4 4 8
3 3

3 12a   3 12a 
2
∵ (4)

 32a 2 64a 3   32a 2 16a 2  16a 2

      
 3 12a   3 3  3
Change of Variables
Evaluation of double integrals by changing Cartesian coordinates to polar coordinates
Changing from ( x, y ) to ( r , ) , the variables are related by x  r cos  , y  r sin 
and dx dy  J dr d  r dr d
   f ( x, y ) dx dy    f ( r cos  , r sin  ) dr d
  x2  y 2 
 e
 
20. Transform the integral into polar co-ordinates and hence evaluate dxdy and
0 0

hence find the value of  e  x dx


2

Solution:
Let us transform this integral in polar co-ordinates by taking x  r cos  , y  r sin  and
dx dy  r dr d .

  dx dy   /2  er 2 r dr d
 e    e  
   /2 
 x2  y 2
d r 2 d
r 2 1

0 0 0 0 0 0
2

  2 0
 e r 2  d  1  /2   e  e0 d
 /2 

  0  
1
2

2 0
0

 d
1  /2

1  /2 1  
      0 
2 0 22 

  dx dy        (1)
 e
 
 x2  y 2

0 0
4
 Deduction: From 1 ,  e x dx  e y dy 
 
2 2 
     (2)
0 0
4
Put y  x  dy  dx

(2)   e dx  e  x dx 
 
 x2 2 
0 0
4

  e x dx 

2  

0
4 2

Evaluate by changing into polar coordinates 0 

21. a a x 2dxdy
(APR/MAY 2019)
y
x2  y 2

Solution:
Let us transform this integral in polar co-ordinates by taking x  r cos  , y  r sin  and
dx dy  r dr d .
x 2  y 2  r 2 cos 2   r 2 sin 2   r 2
y=a
 x2  y 2  r 2  r
x=y
The line equations are x  y, x  a, y  0 and y  a.
x=0 x=a
(i) x  y  r cos   r sin 
 y=0
 cos   sin     .
4
(ii ) y  0  r sin   0
 r  0  or    0
(iii ) x  a  r cos   a
 r  a sec  .

Therefore limits are r  0 to a sec  ;   0 to .
4

 r 2 cos 2  
  

4 a sec 
   r dr d
a a
x 2 dxdy
0 y x2  y2 0 0  r 

 r3 
  a sec 

  
4 a sec 
 r cos  dr d   
4
2 2
cos 2  d
0 0 0  3  0

 
 
4
a3 4
a sec  cos  d  sec3  d
1 3 3 2 1

3 0
3 0 sec 2 




log(sec   tan  )0 4

a3 4
a3
sec  d 


3 0
3
  
 log(sec 4  tan 4 )  log(sec 0  tan 0) 
a3  
3


a3
3

log( 2  1)  log(1  0) 
a 3 log( 2  1)
3


 
2 2 x  x2
x
22. Evaluate dy dx by changing to polar coordinates.
0 0 x  y2
2

 
2 2 x  x2
x
Evaluate dy dx by changing to polar
0 0 x  y2
2

coordinates.
Solution:
x  r cos  , y  r sin  and dx dy  r dr d
The limits of x are x=0 to x=2,
The limits of y are y=0 to y= 2 x  x 2

y  0  r cos   0

 r  0 and cos   0   
2
y  2 x  x2  y 2  2 x  x2 x  0  r sin   0
x  y  2x  0
2 2
sin   0
  0
 r 2  2r cos   0
 r  2 cos 

r var ies from 0 to 2 cos  ,  var ies from 0 to
2

I    

2 2cos
r cos 
2 2 x  x2

r dr d
x
dy dx 
0 0 x y 2 2
0 0
r2

 r2 
  
  2cos 
2 2cos
r cos  dr d  cos   
2
d
 2 0

0 0 0

2  4
 4 cos  d  2  cos3  d  2  .1 
 


2 2
1
3  3
3

2 0 0

  x  y 2  dy dx by changing to polar coordinates

2 a 2 x  x2
2
23. Evaluate
0 0

Solution:
x  r cos  , y  r sin  and dx dy  r dr d
2
The limits of x are x=0 to x=2a, The limits of y are y=0 to y = 2 ax  x
 y  0  r sin   0
 r  0 and sin   0    0
y  2ax  x 2  y 2  2ax  x 2 x  0  r cos   0

x 2  y 2  2ax  0 cos   0   
2
 r 2  2ar cos   0
 r  2 a cos 

r var ies from 0 to 2 a cos  ,  var ies from 0 to
2


  x  y 2  dy dx     r  r dr d
2 a 2 ax  x 2 2 2 a cos
I 2 2

0 0 0 0
 

 r4 
   r  dr d   
2 a cos
2 2 a cos 2
d
0
4 0
3

0 0

  2a cos  4 
 


 0 d
2


0

4 

0 


16a 4
 4 3 1  3a 4
2
 cos 4
 d   4 a . . . 
4 4 2 2 4

  x  y 2  dy dx by changing to polar coordinates

2 a 2 x  x2
2
24. Evaluate
0 0

Solution:
x  r cos  , y  r sin  and dx dy  r dr d
2
The limits of x are x=0 to x=2a, The limits of y are y=0 to y = 2 ax  x
y  0  r sin   0
 r  0 and sin   0    0
y  2ax  x 2  y 2  2ax  x 2 x  0  r cos   0

x 2  y 2  2ax  0 cos   0   
2
 r 2  2ar cos   0
 r  2 a cos 

r var ies from 0 to 2 a cos  ,  var ies from 0 to
2

  x  y 2  dy dx
2 a 2 ax  x 2
I 2

0 0
 

   r  r dr d
2 2 a cos
2

0 0


   r  dr d
2 2 a cos
3

0 0

 r4 
  
2 a cos
2
d
0
4 0

  2a cos  4 
 


 0 d
2


0

4 

  cos   d  4a . 4 . 2 . 2  4


16a 4 2
4 3 1  3a  4
4

4 0

TRIPLE INTEGRAL

   xyz dz dy dx
1 2 3

25. Evaluate
0 0 0

Solution:
 z2 
   xyz dz dy dx   
3

  dy dx
1 2 3 1 2

 2 0
I
x=0 y=0 z=0 0 0

9   y2 
  2 0  2 0
 
3 2

    dx
1 2 1
9
2 0
0 dy dx x
0 0

4   x2 
  x   0  dx   2x dx  9 x dx  9    9   0  
1  9
1 1 1 1
9 9
20 2  20 0  2 0 2  2

  e
1 1 1
x+y+z
26. Evaluate dxdydz
0 0 0

Solution:

     e  e y z  dy dz
1 1 1 1 1
I= ex  y z dx dy dz = 1 y  z

z=0 y=0 x=0 0 0

 e 
1
z 2
=  2ez1  ez dz
0

 e3  3e 2  3e  1
  e  1
3
 x y
Evaluate   
4 x
27. z dx dy dz
0 0 0

  
4 x xy

I= z dz dy dx
x=0 y=0 z=0

4xz2 
x y
=  
0 0  2  0
dydx

   x  y dydx
1 4x
=
2 00

1 4 y 2  1  2 x  3  x 3 
=   x   dx =  x dx 
4
=   xy 
x
 16
4 2
34 2
2 0 2  2 0 2  4  3 
dx
 0
40
0

  
a a2  x2 a2  x2  y2
dz dy dx
28. Evaluate
0 0 0 a  x2  y2  z2
2

Solution:

  
a a2  x2 a2  x2  y2
dz dy dx
Let I 
x 0 y 0 z 0 a  x2  y2  z 2
2

  
 
a2  x2  y2

sin 1   
a a2  x2
z
  a  x  y   0
dy dx
2 2 2
0 0

  sin 1 1  sin 1  0  dy dx

a a2  x2

0 0

 
   2  0 dy dx  2   y 0
a2  x2

a a
a2  x2

 
dx
0 0 0

 x 2  x 
2 0
a 2  x 2 dx   
a

 sin 1   

a
a2
2 2  a  0
2
 a x
2

  a2     2a2
        
2  2 2 
0 0 0
8

 
dz dy dx
29. Evaluate for all positive values of x,y,z for which the integral is real.
1  x2  y2  z2
Solution:

  
1 1 x 2 1 x 2  y 2
dz dy dx
Let I
x 0 y 0 z 0 1  x2  y2  z 2
   
 
1 x 2  y 2

sin 1  
1 1 x 2
z
  
 1 x  y
dy dx
0
2 2
0 0

 
    2 0
sin 1  sin  0   dy dx   
1 x 2 1 x 2

1 1 1

2 
1 x 2

 
1 1
0 dy dx  y 0
dx
0 0 0 0


 2
1

 1  x 2 dx 
20 8

  x  y  z  1
dz dy dx
30. Evaluate 3 over the region of integration bounded by the planes x  0, y  0
V

, z  0, x  y  z  1
Solution:
Here z varies from z  0 to z  1  x  y
y varies from y  0 to y  1  x
x varies from x  0 to x  1

      x  y  z  1 dz dy dx
1 1 x 1 x  y
dz dy dx 1

 x  y  z  1
3 3
V x 0 y  0 z 0

  x  y  z  1 2 
    x  y  z  1 dz dy dx   
1 x  y

 
1 1 x 1 x  y 1 1 x

2
3

  0
dy dx
0 0 0 0 0

1 
2 0  2 
  2 2   x  y  1 2  dy dx   1
 4   x  y  1
1 1 x 1 1 x

   dy dx
1
 
2

0 0 0

1 1  x  y  1  1 1 1 1 
   y  dx     y   x  y  1  dx
1 1 x
1 1 x

2 0  4 1  0 2 0 4 0


2 0
 1 1 
 1  1 1 x 1

  4 1  x   2   0   x  1  dx   2   4  4  2  1  x

1 1

 dx
1 1
  0  

1 3 x  1 3 
        x   log 1  x  
1 1

 dx
1 x2
2 0  4 4 1 x  2 4 8 0

1  3 1  
      log 2   0  0  0 
 
1 5
2 4 8 
 log 2 
2 16
31. Find the value of    xyz dzdydx through the positive spherical octant for which
x2  y2  z2  a2 (APR/MAY 2019)

Solution:
 Given region is the positive octant of the sphere.
x varies from 0 to a

y varies from 0 to a 2  x 2

z varies from 0 to a2  x2  y2

   xyz dzdydx    
a a 2  x2 a2  x2  y2
xyz dz dy dx
0 0 0

 z2 
    
a2  x2  y2
xy  a 2  x 2  y 2  dydx
a2  x2 a a 2  x2
xy  
a

 
1
 2  0
dy dx
0 0
20 0

 2 y2 y4 
    
a 2  x2 a 2  x2
 x3 x 
a
a x
a
1 2 3 3 1 y2
 4 
(a xy  x y  xy )dydx dx
20 0
20 2 2

    x   dx
0


a a2  x2 a2  x2 a2  x2
2 2 4

2 0 
 a x x
1 2 3

 
2 2 4

1  a2 x 2 2
        a  x 2    a 2  x 2   dx
a
x3 2 x
2 0 2 
2
a x
2 4

1  a 4 x a 2 x3 a 2 x3 x5 a 4 x a 2 x3 x5 
         dx
a

2 0 2 2 2 2 4 2 4

1  a 4  x 2  a 2  x 4  a 2  x 4  1  x6  a 4  x2  a 2  x 4  1  x6  
                     
a

2  2  2  2  4  2  4  2  6  4  2  2  4  4  6 0

1  a6 a6 a6 a6 a6 a6 a6  1  a6 a6 
            
2  4 8 8 12 8 8 24  2  12 24 

1  a6  a6
  
2  24  48
32. Evaluate  dx dy dz
V
where V is the finite region of space (tetrahedron) bounded by the

planes x  0, y  0 , z  0 & 2 x  3 y  4 z  12 . (NOV/DEC 2018)

Solution:
x varies from 0 to 6
12  2 x
y varies from 0 to
3
 12  2 x  3 y
z varies from 0 to
4
 12 2 x   12 2 x 3 y 
   
6  3   
 dx dy dz    
4
dz dy dx
V 0 0 0
 12 2 x   12 2 x 
   12 2 x 3 y   
6  3  6  3 
 12  2 x  3 y 
  dydx   
 
 z
 
  dydx
 
4
0 4
0 0 0 0
 12 2 x   12 2 x 
 
6  3   3 y 2 
 

4 0  4 0
3 
 12  2 x  3 y  dydx  12 y  2 xy  
6
1 1
 2 
dx
0 0
  12  2 x   12  2 x  3  12  2 x  
4 0
 12      dx
6 2
   
1
  3   3  2  3  
2 x

1 144  24 x 24 x 4 x 2 3 
      
144  48 x  4 x 2  dx 
6

4 0  3 3 3 18 

1  144 48 x 4 x 2 2 
      24  8 x  x 2  dx
6

4 0 3 3 3 3 

1  2 x2  1 x 2 2  x3  
   24  8 x 
6

 dx   24 x  8    
6

4 0  3  4  2 3  3  
0

144  144  48  (48)  12

1 1


 xyz dx dy dz , where V is the volume of the positive octant of the sphere
4 4
33. Evaluate
V

x 2  y 2  z 2  1 by transforming to spherical polar coordinates. (NOV/DEC 2020)

Solution:
Given that  xyz dx dy dz , V: Positive octant of the sphere x2  y 2  z 2  1
V

Transforming spherical polar coordinates by taking x  r sin  cos  , y  r sin  sin 

z  r cos  and dx dy dz  r 2 sin  dr d d  .
 
Limits are r :0 to 1;  : 0 to ;  : 0 to
2 2
 Now  xyz dx dy dz     (r sin  cos  ) (r sin  sin  )(r cos  ) r
 
2 2 1
2
sin  dr d d
V 0 0 0

  r sin3  cos   cos  sin   dr d d

 


2 2 1
5

0 0 0

  sin    cos  sin   d  r

 


2 2 1
3
 cos  d 5
dr
0 0 0

 sin 4   2  sin 2   2  r6 
  1
     
 4
 0  2 0  6 0
1  1  1  1
   0    0   0  
4  2  6  48
VOLUME INTEGRAL
x2 y2 z 2
34. Find the volume of the ellipsoid   1
a 2 b2 c2
Solution:
x2 y2 z 2
Since the ellipsoid    1 is symmetric about the coordinate planes.
a 2 b2 c2
Volume of ellipsoid = 8  volume in the first octant.
In the first octant,
x2 y2
Z varies from 0 to c 1  
a 2 b2
x2
Y varies from 0 to b 1 
a2
x varies from 0 to a
x2 x2 y2

volume  8   
b 1 2
c 1 2

a a a b2
dz dy dx
x 0 y 0 z 0

x2

 8   z
b 1
a a2 x2 y 2
c 1 
a 2 b2
0
dy dx
0 0

x2

 8 
b 1
a a2
x2 y 2
c 1  dy dx
0 0
a 2 b2
 c  2  x2  2 
x2

 8 
b 1

 b 1  2   y  dy dx
a a2

b  a  
0 0  

  x   
x2

b 2 1  2 
b 1

  
2 a2

8c  y 2  x  2
   a  1  
b 1  2   y 
a 2
y
b 0 2  a   
sin dy dx
  b 1 2 
2 x2
  a 0
4c 2  x 2  4c 2  x 2  
b 0  a 2  b 0  a 2  2
       
b 1   dx
a a
1 1
b 1 sin 1 sin 0 dx

 x2 
 2 bc   1  2  dx
a

0
a 

 1 x3 
 2 bc  x  2 
a

 a 3 0
   a  2a  4
 2 bc  a  2  0  2 bc  a    2 bc     abc
a3
 3a   3  3  3
35. x y z
Find the volume of the tetrahedron bounded by the plane    1 and the
a b c
coordinate’s planes.
Solution:
x y z
The region of integration is the region bounded by    1, x  0, y  0, z  0
a b c
 y
Z varies from 0 to c  1   
x
a b  
 x
y varies from 0 to b 1  
a  
x varies from 0 to a
 x  x y  x
b 1  c 1   b 1 

   dz dy dx     z
 a  a b a  a  x y
c1  
 a b
a
volume  dy dx
x 0 y 0 z 0
0
0 0

 x  x
b 1 
 x y  x  y2  
b 1 

  c 1    dy dx  c   1   y  
a  a a a

 a b 0 
a 2b  0
dx
0 0

 x   x  1  x  2 
 c  1   b 1    b 2 1    dx
a

0 a   a  2b  a  
   x 2 b  x 2   b  x 2 
 c  b 1    1    dx  c   1    dx
a a

0  a  2  a   0 2  a  
  x 3 
 1
a


bc  x   bc   a   abc
  1    dx    0  1 
a 2
abc
2 0  a   2  3 
 a 
6 6
 0
Find the volume of sphere x  y  z  a using triple integrals.
2 2 2 2
36.
Solution:
Since the sphere x  y  z  a is symmetric about the coordinate plane
2 2 2 2

Volume of sphere = 8  volume in the first octant.

Int the first octant,
Z varies from 0 to a2  x2  y 2

Y varies from 0 to a2  x2
x varies from 0 to a

Volume of sphere =  8   
a a2  x2 a2  x2  y 2

dz dy dx
y 0 x 0 z 0

 8   z 0
a a2  x2
a 2  x2  y 2
dy dx
0 0

 8 
a a2  x 2
a 2  x 2  y 2 dy dx
0 0

 y a2  x2  y 2 a2  x2  
 8 
a2  x2

 sin 1  
a
y
  a x   0
dx
0 
2 2 2 2

 a2  x2   a2  x2 
 8  0  sin 1 (1)    0  sin 1 (0)  dx
a

0   
2 2
 a2  x2 
 8   sin (1)  sin (0)  dx
a

0 
1 1

2
 
 4   a 2  x 2    0  dx
a

0  2 

 x3   a3   2a 3  4 a 3
 2  a 2 x    2  a 3    2  
a

 3 0  3   3  3