General Biology 4th Quarterly Reviewer

General Biology 11 (4th Quarterly Exam) Phenotype
I. Mendelian Genetics - Observable physical traits
Gregor Johann Mendel 3 Laws of Mendel
• He discovered the principles in the field of 1. Law of Assortment

genetics. • Alleles segregate independently during the
formation of gametes.
Genes
• This law can be represented by Mendel’s dihybrid
• The functional unit of heredity. experiment
• Set of instructions that determine what the 2. Law of Dominance
organisms is like and its appearance. • A trait is said to be dominant if it is expressed
despite the presence of another allele
Genetics 3. Law o Segregation
• The study of genes and how they affect heredity. • This law describes what happens to the alleles
during the formation of gametes.
Terms: • According to this law, an individual has a pair of
alleles for each trait
Allele
• States that each individual that is a diploid has a
- Word that we use to describe the alternative form pair of alleles (copy) for a particular trait.
or versions of a gene.
Monohybrid Cross
Homozygous Dominant
A couple whose genotype for hair color is Bb plans to
- Trait is represented by the same capital letters have a child. What are the possible genotypes and
(same dominant alleles). phenotypes of the child in terms of hair color? Note that
brown hair (B) are dominant over blue hair (b).
Homozygous Recessive
- Trait is represented by the same lowercase letters

(same recessive alleles)
Heterozygous Dominant
- Trait is represented by one uppercase letter and

one lowercase letters (different alleles)
Dominant Allele
- It is an allele, a gene, or a trait that is expressed

and represented by a capital letter.
Dihybrid Cross
Recessive Allele
Each parent has two sets of genes, with each gene
- It is a gene whose effects are masked in the containing alleles for hair color and eye color. For the hair
presence of a dominant gene and represented by color, the allele for black hair (A) is dominant over the
a small letter. allele for blonde hair (a). For the eye color, the allele for
brown eyes (B) is dominant over the allele for blue eyes
Gamete
(b). A Father has black hair (Aa) and brown eyes (Bb), and
- Reproductive or sex cell the mother has black hair (Aa), and brown eyes (Bb).
What are the genotypic and phenotypic ratio?
Genotype
1. Identify the genotypes of the parents.
- Genetic composition of an individual
Pascua, Amiel_11 Olhr

Father (AaBb): heterozygous black hair (Aa)
heterozygous brown eyes (Bb)
Mother (AaBb): heterozygous black hair (Aa)
heterozygous brown eyes (Bb)
Sex-Linked Inheritance
2. Determine the possible gametes combinations.
- Inheritance patterns of genes located on the sex
Aa Bb Aa Bb
chromosomes, X and Y
Father: AB Ab aB ab If a carrier woman and a hemophiliac man have a

Mother: AB Ab aB ab daughter, what is the percent chance that she will have
hemophilia?
3. Write the possible gamete combinations of the
H = no hemophilia h= hemophilia
parents on the top and the left side of the square.
4. Pair the gametes inside the box
5. Write the phenotype in each box
How hemophilia is inherited from a female who is a

carrier?
6. Identify the genotypic and phenotypic ratio
GR= 1 AABB: 1 Aabb: 2 AaBb: 4 Aabb: 1aaBB: 1aabb
(1:1:2:4:1:1)
PR= 9 black hair and brown eyes: 3 black hair and blue II. Multiple Alleles
eyes: 3 blonde hair and brown eyes: 1 blonde hair and
Blood types: (A, B, AB, O)
blue eyes.
Rules for blood types:
(9:3:3:1)
Terms:
Incomplete Dominance
- Happen when one allele is not completely

dominant over the other allele.
- often shows heterozygous phenotype that is
intermediate between two homozygous ABO Blood System
phenotypes.
Codominance
- both alleles contribute to the phenotype of an

organism.

Note:
- Blood types A and B have two possible

genotypes – homozygous and heterozygous
- Blood types Ab and O only have one genotype
each.
Sample Problem 1
Show the cross between a mother who is heterozygous

for type B blood and a father who is heterozygous for
type A blood
Genotypes:
AB (25%); BO (25%) AO(25%); OO (25%) -ratio 1:1:1:1
Phenotypes:
type AB (25%); type B (25%) Type A (25%); type O (25%) -

ratio 1:1:1:1

General Biology 4th Quarterly Reviewer

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

General Biology 4th Quarterly Reviewer

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

General Biology 4th Quarterly Reviewer

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

General Biology 11 (4th Quarterly Exam) Phenotype

I. Mendelian Genetics - Observable physical traits

Gregor Johann Mendel 3 Laws of Mendel

• He discovered the principles in the field of 1. Law of Assortment

- Trait is represented by the same lowercase letters

- Trait is represented by one uppercase letter and

- It is an allele, a gene, or a trait that is expressed

Pascua, Amiel_11 Olhr

Father: AB Ab aB ab If a carrier woman and a hemophiliac man have a

How hemophilia is inherited from a female who is a

GR= 1 AABB: 1 Aabb: 2 AaBb: 4 Aabb: 1aaBB: 1aabb

- Happen when one allele is not completely

- both alleles contribute to the phenotype of an

Pascua, Amiel_11 Olhr

- Blood types A and B have two possible

Show the cross between a mother who is heterozygous

AB (25%); BO (25%) AO(25%); OO (25%) -ratio 1:1:1:1

type AB (25%); type B (25%) Type A (25%); type O (25%) -

Pascua, Amiel_11 Olhr

You might also like