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Computing Essentials 2013 Tim and Linda O’Leary

Chapter 7
Input and Output
Lecture Guide
• Competencies
o Define input.
o Describe keyboard entry including the different types of keyboards and keyboard
features.
o Discuss pointing devices including mice, touch screens, joysticks, and styluses.
o Describe scanning devices including optical scanners and card readers.
o Discuss image capturing devices including digital cameras, digital video cameras
and WebCams.
o Define output.
o Discuss monitor features, flat-panel, CRT, e-book readers, digital and interactive
whiteboards, and HDTVs.
o Define printing features as well as ink-jet, laser, cloud printers, dot-matrix,
thermal, plotter, photo, and portable printers.
o Discuss audio and video devices including portable media devices, and Mobile
DTV.
o Define combination input and output devices including fax machines,
multifunctional devices, and Internet telephones.
Chapter Outline
• What is Input?
o Any data or instructions that are used by a computer.
o Can come directly from you or from other sources.
o Input devices are hardware used to translate words, sounds, images, and actions
that people understand into a form that the system unit can process.
• Keyboard Entry
▪ One of the most common ways to input data is by keyboard.
▪ Keyboards convert numbers, letters, and special characters that humans
understand into electrical signals.
▪ Electrical signals from the keyboard are sent to, and processed by, the
system unit.
▪ Most keyboards use an arrangement of keys given the name QWERTY.
▪ Variety of keyboard designs:
• Traditional keyboards—full-sized, rigid, rectangular keyboards
that include function, navigational, and numeric keys.
• Ergonomic keyboards—similar to traditional keyboards. The
keyboard arrangement, however, is not rectangular and a palm rest
is provided. They are designed specifically to alleviate wrist strain
associated with the repetitive movements of typing.
• Wireless keyboards—transmit input to the system unit through
the air. They provide greater flexibility and convenience
• PDA keyboards—miniature keyboards for PDAs used to send e-
mail, create documents, etc.

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Computing Essentials 2013 Tim and Linda O’Leary

• Virtual keyboards – displays an image of a keyboard on a touch

screen which functions as the actual input device. Virtual
keyboards are common on tablet computers and mobile devices.
▪ Features
• Typewriter keyboard combined with a numeric keypad, used to
enter numbers and arithmetic symbols.
• Many special-purpose keys.
• Toggle keys turn features on or off (ex. CAPS LOCK)
• Combination keys perform an action when held down with another
key (ex. CTRL + another key)
o Pointing Devices
▪ Provide an intuitive interface with the system unit by accepting point
gestures and converting them into machine-readable input.
▪ Wide variety of point devices, including the mouse, joystick, touch screen,
and stylus.
▪ Mice
• Mouse - controls a pointer that is displayed on the monitor.
• The mouse pointer usually appears in the shape of an arrow.
Frequently changes shape, however, depending on the application.
• Can have one, two, or more buttons, which are used to select
command options and to control the mouse pointer on the monitor.
• Some mice have a wheel button that can be rotated to scroll
through information that is displayed on the monitor.
• Variety of mice designs:
o Optical mouse has no moving parts and is currently the
most widely used. It emits and senses light to detect mouse
movement. It can be used on any surface with high precise.
o Mechanical mouse - has a ball on the bottom and is
attached with a cord to the system unit. As you move the
mouse across a smooth surface, or mouse pad, the roller
rotates and controls the pointer on the screen.
o Cordless or wireless mouse is a battery-powered device
that typically uses radio waves or infrared light waves to
communicate with the system unit.
o Devices similar to mice:
▪ Trackball, also known as the roller ball, to control
the pointer by rotating a ball with your thumb.
▪ Touch pads - touch surfaces, or touch pads, to
control the pointer by moving and tapping your
finger on the surface of a pad.
▪ Pointing stick, located in the middle of the
keyboard, to control the pointer by directing the
stick with your finger.
▪ Touch screens
• Allows users to select actions or commands by touching the screen
with a finger or penlike device.
• Are easy to use

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Computing Essentials 2013 Tim and Linda O’Leary

• Widely used with tablet PCs, netbooks, and smartphones

• Commonly used at restaurants, ATMs, and information centers
• Variety of touch screens:
o Multi-touch screens – touch with more than one finger,
which allows for interactions such as rotating graphical
objects with the hand and zooming in and out by pinching
and stretching the fingers
o Normally used on mobile devices (Apple iPhone), as well
as some notebook computers and desktop monitors.
▪ Joysticks
• Used with computer games. Control game actions by varying the
pressure, speed, and direction of the joystick. Additional controls,
such as buttons and triggers, are used to specify commands or
initiate specific actions.
▪ Stylus
• Penlike device commonly used with tablet PCs and PDAs.
• Uses pressure to draw images on a screen.
• Often a stylus interacts with the computer through handwriting
recognition software which translates handwritten notes into a
form the system unit can process.
▪ Scanning Devices
• Optical scanner, also known simply as a scanner, accepts
documents consisting of text and/or images and converts them to
machine-readable form.
• These devices do not recognize individual letters or images.
Rather, they recognize light, dark, and colored areas that make up
individual letters or images.
• Three basic types of optical scanners:
o Flatbed – image to be scanned is placed on a glass surface
and the scanner records the image from below.
o Document – can scan multipage documents.
Automatically feeds one page of a document at a time
through a scanning surface.
o Portable – typically a hand held device that slides across
the image, making direct contact.
▪ Card Readers
• Cards typically have the user’s name, some type of identification
number, and signature embossed on the card.
• Additionally, encoded information is often stored on the card as
well. Card readers interpret this encoded information.
• Two basic types:
o Magnetic card reader – encoded information is stored on
a thin magnetic strip located on the back of the card. When
the card is swiped through the magnetic card reader, the
information is read.
o Radio frequency card readers - has a small RFID (radio
frequency identification) microchip that contains the

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Computing Essentials 2013 Tim and Linda O’Leary

user’s encoded information. Whenever the card is passed

within a few inches of the card reader, the user’s
information is read.
▪ Bar Code Readers
• Either handheld wand readers or platform scanners.
• They contain photoelectric cells that scan bar codes printed on
product containers.
• Used with bar code system called the Universal Product Code
(UPC).
▪ Character and Mark Recognition Devices
• Character and mark recognition devices are scanners that are able
to recognize special characters and marks.
• Specialty devices that are essential tools for certain applications.
Three types are:
o Magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR)—used by
banks to automatically read numbers on the bottom of
checks and deposit slips.
o Optical-character recognition (OCR)—uses special
preprinted characters that can be read by a light source and
changed into machine-readable code.
o Optical-mark recognition (OMR) - senses the presence or
absence of a mark, such as a pencil mark, and is often used
to score multiple-choice tests.
o Image Capturing Devices
▪ Image capturing devices create or capture original images. These devices
include:
• Digital cameras - images are recorded digitally on a disk or in the
camera’s memory rather than on film and then downloaded, or
transferred, to your computer or place it on a Web page.
• Digital video cameras record motion digitally on a disk or in the
camera’s memory. Most can take still pictures as well as video.
o Web cameras are specialized digital video cameras that
capture images and send them to a computer for broadcast
over the Internet.
o Audio-Input devices
▪ Audio-input devices convert sounds into a form that can be processed by
the system unit. The most widely used audio-input device is the
microphone.
▪ Voice recognition systems use a microphone, a sound card, and special
software. These systems allow users to operate computers and to create
documents using voice commands. Examples include:
• Dialing features on mobile phones
• Navigation on GPS devices
• Control of car audio systems
• Record dictation
o Making IT Work for you
▪ Webcams and Instant Messaging

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Computing Essentials 2013 Tim and Linda O’Leary

▪ Review concepts
• What is Output?
o Output is processed data or information, and typically takes the form of text,
graphics, photos, audio, and/or video.
o Output devices are any hardware used to provide or to create output.
o They translate information that has been processed by the system unit into a form
that humans can understand.
o Most widely used output devices are monitors, printers, and audio-output devices.
• Monitors
▪ Most frequently used output device. Also known as display screen
▪ Present visual images of text and graphics.
▪ Output is often referred to as soft copy.
▪ Monitors vary in size, shape, and cost.
▪ Basic distinguishing features include:
• Clarity refers to the quality and sharpness of the displayed images,
and is composed of five elements:
o Resolution - Images are formed on a monitor by a series of
dots or pixels. Resolution is expressed as a matrix of these
dots or pixels. The higher a monitor’s resolution, the
clearer the image produced.
o Dot (pixel) pitch is the distance between each pixel. The
lower the dot pitch, the clearer the images produced.
o Refresh rate indicates how often a displayed image is
updated or redrawn on the monitor. The faster the refresh
rate, the better the quality of images displayed.
o Size or active display area is measured by the diagonal
length of a monitor’s viewing area.
o Aspect ratio is determined by the width of a monitor
divided by it height.
▪ Flat-panel monitors are much thinner and require less power to operate
than CRTs. As a result, flat-panel monitors are rapidly replacing CRTs.
• Almost all of today’s flat-panel monitors are LCD (liquid crystal
display).
• There are two basic types:
o Passive-matrix, or dual-scan monitors, create images by
scanning the entire screen. Requires very little power, but
the clarity of the images is not as sharp.
o Active-matrix or thin film transistor (TFT) monitors do not
scan down the screen; instead, each pixel is independently
activated. They can display more colors with better clarity.
Active-matrix monitors are more expensive and require
more power.
• OLED (organic light-emitting diode) is a newer technology
o Lower power consumption
o Longer battery life
o Thinner displays

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Computing Essentials 2013 Tim and Linda O’Leary

▪ Cathode-Ray Tubes - Similar to televisions, these monitors are typically

placed directly on the system unit or on the desktop.
• Primary advantages are low cost and excellent resolution.
• Primary disadvantages are that they are bulky, are less energy
efficient, and occupy a considerable amount of space on the
desktop. CRT’s are a serious threat to the environment.
▪ Other Monitors – These monitors are used for more specialized
applications, such as reading books, making presentations, and watching
television.
• Three specialized devices are:
o E-book readers are dedicated, handheld, book-sized
devices that display text and graphics.
▪ Use a special type of screen called electronic paper
(e-paper) that requires power only when changing
pages, and not the entire time a page is displayed on
the screen.
▪ Biggest challenge for e-book readers is tablet PCs.
Tablet PCs can perform a wide variety of other
functions.
o Digital or interactive whiteboards – are specialized
devices with a large display connected to a computer or
projector.
▪ Computer’s desktop is displayed on the digital
whiteboard and controlled using a special pen, a
finger, or some other type of device.
▪ Widely used in classrooms and corporate board
rooms.
o High-definition television (HDTV) - the merger of
microcomputers and television. HDTV delivers a much
clearer and more detailed wide-screen picture than regular
television.
▪ Users can readily freeze video sequences to create
high-quality still images.
▪ Video and images can be digitized, edited, and
stored on disk for later use.
▪ Very useful for graphic artists, designers, and
publishers.
▪ Recent and dramatic advance is 3D HDTV.
▪ Making IT work for you
• Amazon Kindle
• Review e-book readers
o Printers
▪ Translates information that has been processed by the system unit and
presents the information on paper. Printer output is often called hard copy.
Features – Basic distinguishing features include:

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Computing Essentials 2013 Tim and Linda O’Leary

• Resolution - the clarity of images produced and measured in dpi

(dots per inch). The higher the dpi, the better the quality of images
produced.
• Color capability – provided by most printers today. Users
typically have the option to print either with just black ink or with
color.
• Speed - measured in the number of pages printed per minute.
• Memory – printer memory is used to store printing instructions
and documents waiting to be printed. The more memory in a
printer, the faster it will be able to create large documents.
• Duplex printing – Allows automatic printing on both sides of a
sheet of paper.
▪ Ink-jet printers
• Spray ink at high speed onto the surface of paper.
• The most widely used printers.
• Available in Black only or Color.
• Reliable, quiet, and relatively inexpensive.
• Most costly aspect is replacing ink cartridges.
▪ Laser printers
• Use a laser light beam to produce images with excellent letter and
graphics quality.
• Available in Black only or Color.
• Reliable, quiet, but more expensive than ink-jets.
• Faster than ink-jets and are used in applications requiring high-
quality output.
• Two categories
o Personal – used by single users
o Shared – used by a group of users, typically support color,
and are more expensive
o Other Printers
▪ Cloud printers are printers connected to the Internet that provide printing
services to others on the Internet.
▪ Dot-matrix printers form characters and images using a series of small
pins on a print head.
▪ Thermal printers use heat elements to produce images on heat-sensitive
paper.
▪ Plotters are special-purpose printers for producing maps, images, and
architectural and engineering drawings.
▪ Photo printers are special-purpose printers designed to print photo-
quality images from digital cameras.
▪ Portable printers are designed to work with a notebook computer, and
may be ink-jet or laser printers, print in black and white or color, and
connect with USB or parallel port connections.
• Audio-Output Devices - translate audio information from the computer into sounds that
people can understand.
▪ The most widely used audio-output devices are speakers and headphones.

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Computing Essentials 2013 Tim and Linda O’Leary

▪ Audio-output devices are used to play music, vocalize translations from

one language to another, and communicate information from the computer
system to users.
▪ Portable media players – also known as digital music players are
electronic devices for storing and playing digital media.
• Popular examples are Apple’s iPod, Creative Zen, and Microsoft
Zune, – See Figure 7-31.
• Combination Input-Output devices
o Many devices combine input and output capabilities. Sometimes this is done to
save space, and other times it is done for very specialized applications.
o Common combined devices include:
▪ Fax Machines - To send a fax (output), these devices scan the image of a
document converting the light and dark areas into a format that can be sent
electronically over standard telephone lines. To receive a fax (input), these
devices reverse the process and print the document (or display the
document on your monitor) using signals received from the telephone line.
▪ Multifunctional devices (MFD), - typically combine the capabilities of a
scanner, printer, fax, and copy machine into one unit
▪ Internet telephones are specialized input and output devices for receiving
and sending voice communication.
• Voice over IP (VOIP) is the transmission of telephone calls over
computer networks. Also known as telephony, Internet telephony,
and IP telephony.
▪ Uses the Internet rather than traditional communication lines to support
voice communication.
• Careers in IT
o Technical writers prepare instruction manuals, technical reports, and other
scientific or technical documents.
o Work for computer software firms, government agencies, or research institutions.
o They translate technical information into easily understandable instructions or
summaries.
o Requires an associate or a college degree in communications, journalism, or
English and a specialization in, or familiarity with, a technical field.
o Annual salary in the range of $46,500 – $76,500.
• A Look to the Future
o Electronic interpretation
▪ The company SpeechGear has developed software called Compadre that
takes verbal statements in one language, converts the statements to text,
translates that verbal statements in one language, converts the statements
to text, translates that text to another language, and then vocalizes the
translated text..
▪ Computers have a difficult time understanding idioms.
▪ They also have difficulty correctly identifying words by context.

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Computing Essentials 2013 Tim and Linda O’Leary

Teaching Tips
• What is Input?
Input devices are hardware used to translate words, sounds, images, and actions that
people understand into a form that the system unit can process.
o You can emphasize that it is how users put data into the system.
o Keyboard Entry – Students are familiar with most types of keyboards. If they
aren’t then you can use the textbook to view the illustrations.
▪ One of the most common ways to input data is by keyboard
▪ Variety of keyboard designs
• Traditional keyboards—full-sized, rigid, rectangular keyboards
that include function, navigational, and numeric keys. See Figure
7-3.
• Ergonomic keyboards—similar to traditional keyboards. They are
designed specifically to alleviate wrist strain associated with the
repetitive movements of typing. See Figure 7-1. Why are these
keyboards popular?
• Wireless keyboards—transmit input to the system unit through
the air. They provide greater flexibility and convenience
• PDA keyboards—miniature keyboards for PDAs used to send e-
mail, create documents, etc. See Figure 7-2.
• Virtual keyboards – displays an image of a keyboard on a touch
screen
▪ Features
• Typewriter keyboard combined with a numeric keypad
• Toggle keys turn features on or off – Name the toggle keys (Caps
Lock, Number Lock, Scroll lock, etc.)
• Combination keys perform an action when held down with another
key. Discuss ways the CTRL and the Shift key are used.
o Pointing Devices – Most students are familiar with the various pointing devices,
so you can have them list the different types of devices they know and discuss
their uses.
▪ Mice
• Optical
• Mechanical
• Cordless or wireless
▪ Three devices similar to a mouse
• Trackball – also called a rollerball
• Touch pads
• Pointing stick
▪ Touch Screen
• Multi-touch screen – commonly used on mobile devices
▪ Joysticks – input device for games; See Figure 7-10.
▪ Stylus – penlike device commonly used with tablet PCs
• Stylus often used with handwriting recognition software

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Computing Essentials 2013 Tim and Linda O’Leary

o Scanning Devices Most students are familiar with the various scanning devices,
so you can have them list the different types of devices they know and discuss
their uses.
▪ Optical scanner
• Flatbed
• Document
• Portable
▪ Card Reader
• Magnetic card reader
• Radio frequency card readers
▪ Bar code reader
▪ Character and mark recognition devices
• Magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR)
• Optical-character recognition (OCR)
• Optical-mark recognition (OMR)
o Image Capturing Devices
▪ Digital cameras – The Explorations exercise #1 has the students research
how digital cameras work. This can be used as a lab to accompany the
lecture.
▪ Digital video cameras
• WebCams (Web cameras) – specialized cameras that capture
images and send them to a computer for broadcast
• First, Making It Work For You exercise #1 Webcams and Instant
Messaging. You can use it as a lab by having them configure and
use the software.
• Second, Ethics exercise #1 Webcams can be used as a homework
project to expand on the lab/lecture and delve deeper into ethical
issues.
o Audio-Input devices
▪ Voice Recognition Systems
▪ Voice Recognition can be used as a lab to further the students’ knowledge
on the subject. Ask students to conduct research on the Internet to find
applications where voice recognition systems are being widely used.
• What is Output?
o Most students are familiar with the various output devices, so you can have them
list the different types of devices they know and discuss their uses.
o Monitors
▪ Flat-panel monitors
• Passive-matrix, or dual-scan monitors,
• Active-matrix or thin film transistor (TFT)
• OLED(organic light-emitting diode) is a newer technology
o Lower power consumption
o Longer battery life
o Thinner displays
▪ Cathode-Ray Tubes
• See Figure 7-22

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Computing Essentials 2013 Tim and Linda O’Leary

• Monitors typically placed directly on the system unit or on the

desktop
• Low cost and excellent resolution
• Have students research how their particular school, city, or town
dispose of obsolete CRTs. Discuss the hazardous materials
contained in these units and the harmful effects on the environment
and people or animals that may become exposed to it.
o Other Monitors
▪ E-book readers – Talk about the new Kindle; find information on the
Internet. What are its advantages/disadvantages?
▪ Digital or interactive whiteboards. Discuss how these devices are being
used in classrooms and corporate board rooms. High-definition
television (HDTV)
• Output is digital
• Technology useful to graphic artists, designers, and publishers
o Printers
▪ Printers translate information that has been processed by the system unit
and present the information on paper.
▪ Features
• Resolution
• Color capability
• Speed
• Memory
• Duplex printing
▪ Ink-jet printers
▪ Laser printers
▪ Other Printers
• Cloud printers – Ask students to discuss the benefits associated
with these types of printers. Do they anticipate the need to use this
type of technology? If so, explain why.
• Dot-matrix printers
• Thermal printers
• Plotters
• Photo printers
• Portable printers
o Audio-Output devices
▪ Speakers
▪ Headphone
▪ Portable media players – Ask students to name or research some of the
best known audio and video players
• Combination Input-Output devices
o Fax Machines
o Multifunctional devices (MFD)
o Internet Telephones
▪ Voice over IP (VoIP) also known as telephony, Internet telephony, and IP
telephony

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Computing Essentials 2013 Tim and Linda O’Leary

▪ Have the students discuss if they currently use any of the providers
discussed in the text (Ooma, Vonage, MagicJack, and Skype).
•
• Careers in IT
o Technical writers prepare instruction manuals, technical reports, and other
scientific or technical documents.
o Work for computer software firms, government agencies, or research institutions.
o They translate technical information into easily understandable instructions or
summaries.
o Requires a college degree in communications, journalism, or English and a
specialization in, or familiarity with, a technical field.
o Annual salary in the range of $46,500-$76,500.
• A Look to the Future
o Electronic interpretation
▪ This is a good technology to discuss in the classroom. Assign the students
to research the topic and present the pros and cons of the issue.

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Computing Essentials 2013 Tim and Linda O’Leary

Key Terms

Key Term Definition

Diagonal length of a monitor’s viewing area. Also know as
active display area
size.
A type of flat-panel monitor where each pixel is
active-matrix monitor independently activated. (See also thin film transistor
(TFT) monitor)
This is a ratio determined by the width of a monitor divided
aspect ratio
by its height.
The vertical zebra-striped marks printed on product
bar code
containers.
Contains photoelectric cells that scan or read bar codes.
bar code reader
(See also bar code scanner)
Contains photoelectric cells that scan or read bar codes.
bar code scanner
(See also bar code reader)
The most common type of monitor that are typically placed
cathode-ray tube (CRT) monitor
directly on the system unit or on the desktop.
clarity The quality and sharpness of the displayed images.
Printers connected to the Internet that provide printing
cloud printer
services to others on the Internet.
A key, that when held down in combination with another
combination key
key, performs an action.
A battery-powered device that typically uses radio waves or
cordless mouse infrared light waves to communicate with the system unit.
(See also wireless mouse)
Images are recorded digitally on a disk or in the camera’s
digital camera
memory rather than on film.
A specialized device for storing, transferring, and playing
digital media player
audio files. See also portable media player)
Record motion digitally on a disk or in the camera’s
digital video camera
memory.
Specialized devices with a large display connected to a
digital whiteboard
computer or projector (see also interactive whiteboard)
A computer device that presents visual images of text and
display screen
graphics. (See also monitor)
Scanner that quickly scans multipage documents by
document scanner automatically feeding one page at a time through a scanning
surface.
A type of printer that forms characters and images using a
dot-matrix printer
series of small pins on a print head.
A function of a monitor that is the distance between each
dot pitch
pixel. (See also pixel pitch)
The measurement of printer resolution, the more dots-per-
dots-per-inch (dpi)
inch the better the quality of the image printed.
Type of flat-panel monitor that create images by scanning
dual-scan monitor
the entire screen. (See also passive-matrix monitor)
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Computing Essentials 2013 Tim and Linda O’Leary

Printing feature that allows automatic printing on both sides

duplex printing
of a sheet of paper.
Dedicated, handheld, book-size devices that display text and
e-book
graphics (See also e-book reader)
Dedicated, handheld, book-sized devices that display text
e-book reader
and graphics. (See also e-book)
A special type of screen for an e-book reader that requires
e-paper power only when changing pages, and not the entire time a
page is displayed. (See also e-paper)
A special type of screen for an e-book reader that requires
electronic paper power only when charging pages, and not the entire time a
page is displayed. (See also e-paper)
A type of keyboard designed specifically to alleviate wrist
ergonomic keyboard
strain associated with the repetitive movements of typing.
A device for sending and receiving images over telephone
fax machine
lines.
A type of monitor that is much thinner and requires less
flat-panel monitor
power to operate than CRTs.
The image to be scanned is placed on a glass surface and the
flatbed scanner
scanner records the image from below.
Google Cloud Print A service that supports cloud printing.
Most common black ink selection in which images are
grayscale
displayed in many shades of gray.
Translates handwritten notes into a form that the system
handwriting recognition software
unit can process.
Hard copy Printer output is often called hard copy
headsets An audio-output device.
A digitized television output that delivers a much clearer
high-definition television
and more detailed wide-screen picture than regular
(HDTV)
television.
A type of printer that sprays ink at high speed onto the
ink-jet printer
surface of paper.
input Any data or instructions that are used by a computer.
Hardware used to translate words, sounds, images, and
input device actions that people understand into a form that the system
unit can process.
Specialized devices with a large display connected to a
interactive whiteboard
computer or projector (see also digital whiteboard)
Specialized input and output devices for receiving and
Internet telephone
sending voice communication.
A type of communications system that uses the Internet
Internet telephony rather than traditional communication lines to support voice
communication. (Se also IP telephony, Voice over IP)
A type of communications system that uses the Internet
IP telephony rather than traditional communication lines to support voice
communication. (Se also Internet telephony, Voice over IP)
joystick Input device for computer games.

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Computing Essentials 2013 Tim and Linda O’Leary

Convert numbers, letters, and special characters that people

keyboard
understand into electrical signals.
A type of printer that uses a laser light beam to produce
laser printer
images with excellent letter and graphics quality.
A thin, flat display made up of any number of color or
liquid crystal display (LCD) monochrome pixels arrayed in front of a light source or
reflector.
A machine that reads encoded information stored on a thin
magnetic-card reader
magnetic strip located on the back of a card.
magnetic-ink character Used by banks to automatically read numbers on the bottom
recognition (MICR) of checks and deposit slips.
It has a ball on the bottom and is attached with a cord to the
mechanical mouse
system unit.
Television stations broadcast programming directly to
Mobile Digital Television smartphones, computers, and digital media players. (See
also Mobile DTV)
Television stations broadcast programming directly to
Mobile DTV smartphones, computers, and digital media players. (See
also Mobile Digital Television)
A computer device that presents visual images of text and
Monitor
graphics. (See also display screen)
An input device that controls a pointer that is displayed on
Mouse
the monitor.
Often in the form of an arrow, it moves on the screen as the
mouse pointer
user moves the computer mouse.
A type of combination input/output device that combines
multifunctional device (MFD)
the capabilities of a scanner, printer, fax, and copy machine.
A screen commonly used on mobile devices. These screens
multitouch screen can be touched with more than one finger allowing for
interaction.
Usually located on the right-side of a keyboard, it is used to
numeric keypad
enter numbers and arithmetic symbols.
optical-character recognition Uses special preprinted characters that can be read by a light
(OCR) source and changed into machine-readable code.
optical-mark recognition (OMR) Senses the presence or absence of a mark.
A mouse that emits and senses light to detect mouse
optical mouse
movement.
Accepts documents consisting of text and/or images and
optical scanner
converts them to machine-readable form.
A newer technology that has the benefits of lower power
organic light organic light-
consumption and longer battery life as well as thinner
emitting diode(OLED)
displays.
output Processed data or information.
output device Any hardware used to provide or to create output.
Type of flat-panel monitor that create images by scanning
passive-matrix monitor
the entire screen. (See also dual-scan monitor)
PDA keyboard A miniature keyboard designed to fit on a PDA.

15
Computing Essentials 2013 Tim and Linda O’Leary

A type of laser printer that does not support color, is less

personal laser printer
expensive, and slower than a standard laser printer.
A type of special-purpose printer designed to print photo-
photo printer
quality images from digital cameras.
A series of dots that form images on a monitor. (See also
picture elements
pixel)
A series of dots that form images on a monitor. (See also
pixel
picture elements)
A function of a monitor that is the distance between each
pixel pitch
pixel. (See also dot pitch)
platform scanner A wall or table mounted bar code scanner
A type of special-purpose printer for producing maps,
plotter
images, and architectural and engineering drawings.
Similar to a mouse and usually located in the middle of the
pointing stick keyboard, the pointer is controlled by directing the stick
with a finger.
Electronic devices for storing and playing digital media.
portable media player
(see also digital media player)
A small and lightweight printer designed to work with a
portable printer
notebook computer.
Typically a handheld device that slides across the image,
portable scanner
making direct contact.
A device that translates information that has been processed
printer
by the system unit and presents the information on paper.
A reader that uses radio frequency to read an encoded
radio frequency card reader
microchip embedded on a card.
radio frequency identification
An encoded microchip that uses radio frequency to be read.
(RFID)
How often a displayed image is updated or redrawn on a
refresh rate
monitor.
resolution A matrix of pixels.
Controls the pointer by rotating a ball with a thumb (See
roller ball
also trackball)
A scanning device that converts scanned text and images
scanner
into a form that can be processed by the system unit.
shared laser printer A type of laser printer that is used by many people.
soft copy Monitor output is described as soft copy.
speakers An audio-output device.
A pen-like device commonly used with tablet
stylus
PCs and PDAs.
A person who prepares instruction manuals, technical
technical writer
reports, and other scientific or technical documents.
The transmission of telephone calls over computer
telephony
networks.
A type of printer that uses heat elements to produce images
thermal printer
on heat-sensitive paper.

16
Computing Essentials 2013 Tim and Linda O’Leary

thin film transistor (TFT) A type of flat-panel monitor where each pixel is
monitor independently activated. (See also active-matrix monitor)
toggle key A key that turns a feature on or off.
Controls the pointer by moving and tapping a finger on the
touch pad
surface of a pad.

touch screen Allows users to select actions or commands by touching the

screen with a finger or penlike device.
Controls the pointer by rotating a ball with a thumb (See
trackball
also rollerball)
A full-sized, rigid, rectangular keyboard that includes
traditional keyboard
function, navigational, and numeric keys.
Universal Product Code (UPC) A bar code system that almost all supermarkets use.

virtual keyboard A keyboard image displayed on a touch screen.

A type of communications system that uses the Internet
Voice over IP (VoIP) rather than traditional communication lines to support voice
communication. (See also IP telephony, Internet telephony)
Uses a microphone, a sound card, and special software to
voice recognition system allow users to operate computers and to create documents
using voice commands.
wand reader A hand-held bar code reader.
Specialized digital video cameras that capture images and
WebCam
send them to a computer.
A button located in the middle of a mouse that can be
wheel button rotated to scroll through information that is displayed on the
monitor.
A keyboard that transmits input to the system unit through
wireless keyboard
the air.
A battery-powered device that typically uses radio waves or
wireless mouse infrared light waves to communicate with the system unit.
(See also cordless mouse)

17
Computing Essentials 2013 Tim and Linda O’Leary

Answers to End-of-Chapter Materials

Chapter 7
Num Multiple Matching Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers
Choice Answers (www.computing2013.com (www.computing2013.com
Answers (Book) Only) Only)
(Book)
1 D I A H
2 B E D J
3 A H A G
4 C G B C
5 D J B F
6 A B A E
7 C C B I
8 C A B B
9 A F D A
10 D D C D

Open Ended Questions:

1. Define input and input devices.
Input is any data or instructions that are used by a computer. They can come directly
from you or from other sources.

Input devices are hardware used to translate words, sounds, images, and actions that people
understand into a form that the system unit can process.

2. Describe the different types of keyboard, pointing, scanning, image capturing, and
audio-input devices.

Variety of keyboard designs:

a. Traditional keyboards—full-sized, rigid, rectangular keyboards that include
function, navigational, and numeric keys.
b. Ergonomic keyboards—similar to traditional keyboards. The keyboard
arrangement, however, is not rectangular and a palm rest is provided. They are
designed specifically to alleviate wrist strain associated with the repetitive
movements of typing.
c. Wireless keyboards—transmit input to the system unit through the air. They
provide greater flexibility and convenience
d. PDA keyboards—miniature keyboards for PDAs used to send e-mail, create
documents, etc.
e. Virtual keyboards – displays an image of a keyboard on a touch screen which
functions as the actual input device. Virtual keyboards are common on tablet
computers and mobile devices.
Variety of different pointing devices:
•

18
Computing Essentials 2013 Tim and Linda O’Leary

• Mouse – a mouse controls a pointer that is displayed on the monitor (optical mouse,
mechanical mouse, and cordless or wireless mouse). Similar to a mouse are
trackballs, touch pads, and pointing sticks.
• Joysticks a popular device for computer games. Action is controlled by varying the
pressure, speed, and direction of the joystick.
• Touch screen allows users to select actions or commands by touching the screen with
a finger or penlike device. Multitouch screens can be touched with more than one
finger, which allows for interactions such as rotating graphical objects on the screen
with your hand or zooming in and out by pinching and stretching your fingers.
• Stylus - penlike device commonly used with tablet PCs and PDAs. Uses pressure to
draw images on a screen.

• There are four types of scanning devices:

• Optical scanners – also known simply as a scanner, accept documents consisting of
text and/or images and convert them to machine-readable form. These devices do not
recognize individual letters or images. Rather, they recognize light, dark, and colored
areas that make up individual letters or images. Three basic types of optical scanners
include: flatbed, document, and portable.
• Card readers – interpret encoded information on some type of identification card.
Additionally, encoded information is often stored on the card as well. Two types
include: magnetic (reads magnetic strip) and radio frequency (reads RFID microchip)
card readers.
• Bar code readers– are used with electronic cash registers in supermarkets. Wand
readers or platform scanners read UPC codes that are used to determine product
descriptions and prices and to update inventory levels.
• Character and mark recognition devices – recognize special characters and marks.
Three basic types include: MICR (magnetic ink character recognition, read by
readers/sorters), OCR (optical character recognition), and OMR (optical mark
recognition)
• Image capturing devices – create or capture original images. These devices include
digital cameras (images downloaded to system unit for further processing and/or
printing) and digital video cameras. WebCams capture and send images over the
Internet; one design is built-in and the other is attached.
• Audio-input devices – convert sounds into a form that can be processed by the system
unit. By far the most used audio-input device is the microphone. Audio input takes
many forms, including the human voice and music. Voice recognition systems use a
combination of microphone, a sound card, and special software..

3. Define output and output devices.

Output is processed data or information. Output typically takes the form of text,
graphics, photos, audio, and/or video.
• Output devices are hardware used to provide or to create output. They translate
information that has been processed by the system unit into a form that humans can
understand. There are a wide range of output devices. The most widely used
monitors, printers, and audio-output devices.

19
Computing Essentials 2013 Tim and Linda O’Leary

4. Describe the features and different types of monitors and printers. Monitors are also
known as display screens. They present visual images of text and graphics. The output is
often referred to as soft copy. Monitors vary in size, shape, and cost. Some basic
distinguishing features include:
• Resolution – one of the most important features of a monitor. Images for formed
on a monitor by a series of dots or pixels. Resolution is expressed as a matrix of
those dots or pixels.
• Dot (pixel) pitch – is the distance between each pixel. Most new monitors have a
dot pitch of .31 mm or less. The lower the dot pitch (the shorter the distance
between pixels), the clearer the images produced.
• Refresh rate – indicates how often a displayed image is updated or refreshed.
The faster the refresh rate (the more frequently images are redrawn), the better the
quality of images displayed.
• Active display area (size) – is measured by the diagonal length of a monitor’s
viewing area. Common sizes are 15, 17, 19, 21, and 24 inches. Aspect ratio – is
determined by the width of a monitor divided by its height. Common aspect
ratios for monitors are 4:3 (standard, similar to traditional television pictures) and
16:10 (wide screen)
•
• Different types of monitors include:
• Flat-panel monitors – are the most widely used type of monitor today. They are
thin, more portable, and require less power to operate. Today’s flat-panel
monitors are liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Two basic types are:
o Passive-matrix (or dual-scan monitors) – create images by scanning the
entire screen. Require very little power, but the clarity of the images is not
as sharp.
o Active-matrix (thin film transistor (TFT monitors) – do not scan down
the screen; instead, each pixel is independently activated. Display more
colors with better clarity. More expensive and require more power.
o Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) – newer technology. Unlike
LCD, OLED technology has the benefits of lower power consumption and
longer battery life,
• Cathode-Ray Tubes (CRTs) – traditionally the most common type of monitor
for the office and home. Typically placed directly on the system unit or on the
desktop. CRT’s are similar in size and technology to older televisions. Their
primary advantages are low cost and excellent resolution. Disadvantages are their
bulky size, less energy efficient, and occupy a considerable amount of space on
the desktop.
• Specialized monitors – these monitors are used for more specialized applications,
such as reading books, making presentations, and watching television. Three of
these specialized devices are book readers, digital whiteboards, and high-
definition television.

• Printers: translate information that has been processed by the system unit and
present the information on paper. Printer output is often called hard copy.

Features – Basic distinguishing features include:

20
Computing Essentials 2013 Tim and Linda O’Leary

▪
▪ Resolution - the clarity of images produced and measured in dpi (dots per
inch). The higher the dpi, the better the quality of images produced.
o Color capability – provided by most printers today. Users typically have
the option to print either with just black ink or with color.
o Speed - measured in the number of pages printed per minute.
o Memory – printer memory is used to store printing instructions and
documents waiting to be printed. The more memory in a printer, the faster
it will be able to create large documents.
o Duplex printing – Allows automatic printing on both sides of a sheet of
paper.
o Ink-jet printers
▪ Spray ink at high speed onto the surface of paper.
▪ The most widely used printers.
▪ Available in Black only or Color.
▪ Reliable, quiet, and relatively inexpensive.
▪ Most costly aspect is replacing ink cartridges.
o Laser printers
▪ Use a laser light beam to produce images with excellent letter and
graphics quality.
▪ Available in Black only or Color.
▪ Reliable, quiet, but more expensive than ink-jets.
▪ Faster than ink-jets and are used in applications requiring high-
quality output.
▪ Two categories
• Personal – used by single users
• Shared – used by a group of users, typically support color,
and are more expensive
o Other Printers
▪ Cloud printers are printers connected to the Internet that provide
printing services to others on the Internet.
▪ Dot-matrix printers form characters and images using a series of
small pins on a print head.
▪ Thermal printers use heat elements to produce images on heat-
sensitive paper.
▪ Plotters are special-purpose printers for producing maps, images,
and architectural and engineering drawings.
▪ Photo printers are special-purpose printers designed to print
photo-quality images from digital cameras.
▪ Portable printers are designed to work with a notebook computer,
and may be ink-jet or laser printers, print in black and white or
color, and connect with USB or parallel port connections.
•
5. Describe audio and video devices including portable media devices and Mobile
DTV..
a. Audio-Output Devices - translate audio information from the computer into
sounds that people can understand.
i. The most widely used audio-output devices are speakers and headphones.
21
Computing Essentials 2013 Tim and Linda O’Leary

ii. Audio-output devices are used to play music, vocalize translations from
one language to another, and communicate information from the computer
system to users.
iii. Portable media players – also known as digital music players are
electronic devices for storing and playing digital media.
iv. Mobile Digital Television (Mobile DTV) – technology that supports
television broadcasting directly to smartphones, computers, and digital
media players.

6. What are combination input and output devices? Discuss some examples.
Combination input and output devices are hardware that combines input and output
capabilities. Some of these devices are fax machines, multifunctional devices, and
Internet telephones.
▪ Fax Machines - To send a fax (output), these devices scan the
image of a document converting the light and dark areas into a
format that can be sent electronically over standard telephone lines.
To receive a fax (input), these devices reverse the process and print
the document (or display the document on your monitor) using
signals received from the telephone line.
▪ Multifunctional devices (MFD), - typically combine the
capabilities of a scanner, printer, fax, and copy machine into one
unit
▪ Internet telephones are specialized input and output devices for
receiving and sending voice communication.
•
7. What are Internet telephone phones? List and discuss four Internet telephone
service providers.

o Internet telephones are specialized input and output devices for receiving and
sending voice communication. Voice over IP (VOIP) is the transmission of
telephone calls over computer networks. Also known as telephony, Internet
telephony, and IP telephony. Uses the Internet rather than traditional
communication lines to support voice communication. Four Internet telephone
service providers include Ooma and Vonage – offer similar services in which you
directly insert your telephone or cordless telephone base unit directly into their
unit. This unit connects to your modem or network and provides traditional
telephone service. Both Ooma and Vonage provide free or very-low-cost
domestic and international service with high-quality voice and service reliability.
o MagicJack – requires a smaller adapter that connects directly to your computer’s
USB port. You can connect any telephone to the MagicJack adapter and make
very-low-cost calls. Advantages compared to Ooma and Vonage are lower cost
and the ability to make calls anywhere your computer (including your
smartphone) has an Internet connection. Disadvantages are that your computer
has to be on to send or receive calls, voice quality is typically lower, and
reliability is not as good.

22
Computing Essentials 2013 Tim and Linda O’Leary

o Skype – provides audio and video service that does not require any dedicated
hardware. Once you subscribe to this free service, you can use your computer’s
existing audio and video devices to connect to any other Skype subscribers.
Advantages compared to the other providers are that Skype is free for domestic
calls (low fees for international calls), supports video as well as audio, and does
not require any special equipment. Disadvantages include that both parties must
have their computers on to make or receive calls; calls can only be made between
Skype subscribers, although for an additional fee, you can place calls to non-
Skype subscribers; and voice quality and reliability are not as good as for Ooma
and Vonage.

23
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