ICOSSH VI

The 6th International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities

Volume 2024

Research Article

Collaborative Governance in the

Implementation of the South Sumatera
Independent Food Movement Program
Edward Candra*, Kgs. M. Sobri, Andries Lionardo, M. Husni Thamrin
Sriwijaya University

Abstract.
This research aims to analyze collaborative governance in the implementation
of the South Sumatera Movement for Independent Food Program in the South
Sumatera Province. This research focuses on the management and utilization of
assets of the General Bureau of South Sumatera Province, which is analyzed through
the collaborative process adopted from the Ring and Van de Ven theory (1994).
The collaboration process includes the negotiation process between the actors
involved, the joint commitment to collaborate, the implementation of collaboration
according to agreement, and the assessment of the entire collaborating process in the
Corresponding Author: Edward implementation of the South Sumatera Independent Food Movement Program in the
Candra; email: ideal South Sumatera Province. Data collection techniques used include interviews,
[email protected]
observations, and documentation. Data analysis techniques used interactive models,
Published: 30 May 2024
that is, condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawings. The results of
the research showed that the implementation of the GSMP in South Sumatera faced
Publishing services provided by several obstacles in the field, among others—beneficiaries are still focused on the
Knowledge E
main activity of obtaining income, so the aid received has not been optimally utilized.
Edward Candra et al. This
The assistance provided has not been fully adapted to the field conditions and the
article is distributed under the skills of the beneficiaries at each location. Implementation of the South Sumatera
terms of the Creative Commons Movement for Food Independence in the South Sumatera Province requires synergistic,
Attribution License, which coordinated, and collaborative cooperation between the actors involved – government,
permits unrestricted use and private/business, colleges, the public, and mass media.
redistribution provided that the
original author and source are Keywords: collaborative governance, food security, South Sumatra, independent food
credited. programmes
Selection and Peer-review under
the responsibility of the ICOSSH
VI Conference Committee. 1. Introduction

The availability of sufficient food, both in quality and quantity, for the population is
the capital for the development of the region, as well as economic, social, political,
and security development. Therefore, the development of food sustainability requires
considerable attention and support from all parties, both the government and the public.
Maintenance of food security is directed at meeting basic human needs fairly, equally,
and not contrary to the religions and beliefs of the people, based on food sovereignty
and independence. Food independence is the essence of satisfying food needs by

How to cite this article: Edward Candra*, Kgs. M. Sobri, Andries Lionardo, M. Husni Thamrin , (2024), “Collaborative Governance in the
Implementation of the South Sumatera Independent Food Movement Program” in The 6th International Conference on Social Sciences and Page 242
Humanities, KnE Social Sciences, pages 242–251. DOI 10.18502/kss.v9i18.16353
 ICOSSH VI

using the resources available effectively and efficiently. (Source: Ministerial Regulation
No. 15 Year 2015 Guidelines of the Self-Government Village of Food).
The Act No. 18 of 2012 and Government Regulation (PP) No. 17 of 2015 on Food
Sustainability stipulate that the conditions of food for the country up to the individual,
which is reflected in the availability of food in both quantity and quality, safe, diverse,
equal, and affordable, and not contrary to the religion, beliefs, and cultures of the
people to live healthy, active, and productive sustainably. Rural development is aimed at
achieving food sustainability in a single region with the integration of means in terms of
availability, distribution, and consumption of food to be adequate and to realize the food
resilience of households. Furthermore, the development of rural areas is very important,
especially with regard to the provision of food raw materials for the population, the
supply of labour for development, the supply of raw materials for industry, and the
production of commodities for food and export. So, the village is one of the entry
points for the introduction of various programs that support the realization of food
sustainability at the household level, which will cumulatively support the realization of
the sustainability of food at the district/city, provincial, and national levels.
The Movement of Sumsel Mandiri Pangan is one of the initiatives of the local govern-
ment in an effort to improve food resilience in the region of South Sumatra. According
to the Guidelines for the Implementation of the Food Self-Consumption Movement, the
year 2021 shows that the consumption of rice by the South Sumatera population in
2020 was recorded at 94 kilograms per capita per year, a slight decrease from the year
2019 of 94.9 kg/capita per year. Through this increase, the energy contribution from the
rice contribution dominates the total consumption of food sources of carbohydrates (the
group of rice and bubbles), which is 70.9%. In addition to the post-COVID-19 and poverty
conditions in South Sumatera, efforts are needed to ensure family food sustainability
and nutrition through the development of food availability, distribution, and consumption
using local resources sustainably.
The movement is a change in the mindset of the people from “buyer” to “producer”
through the following activities: 1) Plant cultivation; vegetable, cane, spice, and other
crops cultivation in the farmland or using a pot; 2) Fish cultivation, fish cultivation using a
pool, drum, barrel, or ground pond; 3) Cattle cultivation for cattle; and chicken cultivation
or for meat use.
According to the results of the implementation of the GSMP in South Sumatra, a
number of obstacles are known in the field, among others: 1) Beneficiaries are still
focused on the main activity to get income, so the aid received has not been optimally
utilized; 2) The socialization of the GSMP to the beneficiaries is still not optimal in relation

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to its purpose and future; 3) The field support related to the cultivation of crops and fish
is not optimal, so the problems encountered on the field require time in its handling;
4) The aid provided is not fully adapted to the conditions of the field and the skills of
beneficiaries in each location. The various issues above are the main reason for further
study of this food self-consumption program.
Here’s a literature search through VOSViewer’s Analysis that discusses food inde-
pendence in terms of addressing poverty in various countries.

Figure 1: Searching research gap through the VOSviewer application. Source: VOSviewer
Analysis Results.

Through the above picture, the study on food independence in dealing with Sudha
poverty became a study in some countries. However, those related to the South Sumatra
independent food program have not been studied much, so this research is interesting
to be studied more deeply and become a novelty of this research.
The study of collaborative governance in the implementation of the program of the
South Sumatra Movement of Independent Food involves various agencies that have
basic tasks and functions differently according to their authority. The instance that is
positioned as a technical agency has a different basic tasks and functions than the
instance that is positioned as an enforcement element.
Rilley (2003) defines collaboration as a relationship in a specific form between
non-governmental organizations (which concern environmental and natural resources
issues) and government organizations. In that relationship, the two acted together in
the design and implementation of program development. The two forms of interaction

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are not merely agreements between two organizations that are engaged in coopera-
tion between non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and government agencies, but
acknowledge each other and participate actively.
The study analyzed the use of Collaborative Governance in the Implementation of the
South Sumatra Independent Food Movement Program in the South Sumatera Province
through the process of collaboration adopted from the Ring and Van de Ven theory
(1994), that the collaborative process includes: the negotiation process between the
actors involved, the joint commitment to collaborate, the implementation of cooperation
according to the agreement and the assessment of the entire collaboration process,
which will ultimately produce external outputs of research is the model of collabora-
tive governance in implementing the South Sumatera Independent food Movement
programme in the Province of South Sumatera ideal.
Previous research conducted by A.A. Ayu Dewi Larantika, with the title Collaboration
of Actors in Poverty Reduction in the Badung District of Bali, 2019 explains the results
of research revealing that the process of collaboration of actors in poverty reduction
in Badung County has not taken place. Such negotiations occur only between the
OPDs in the government, while negotiations between other actors do not occur. The
commitment of each actor is seen in the poverty alleviation programs implemented as
the implementation of joint decisions in the collaborative process, but it is not maximized.
Similarly with the assessment, the overall assessment of the collaborative process
is carried out jointly only at the end of the implementation of the program. Factors
supporting the collaboration process are the publication of the Regent Committee on
the establishment of the CCP and the Regional Regulations and Regent Regulations
on Corporate Social Responsibility; poverty alleviation as a priority of government
maintenance; budget support, facilities, and human resources of all actors collaborating;
and private or business participation in poverty reduction. While the impediments in the
process of collaboration are administrative constraints, the slow coordination between
the OPD and the lack of a routine schedule for the CCP coordination meetings, the
slowness of the information dissemination process, not involving the entire element
of the CPP in the preparation and implementation of the program, the domination of
government actors over other actors, as well as the non-involvement of the media
community formally and internally, (OPD).
A study by Ariq Ali, Jikun Huang, Jinxia Wanga, and We Xie, entitled Global Footprints
of Water and Land Resources through China’s Food Trade, 2017, explains that the results
show that increased imports of virtual water and soil (resources) have significantly

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reduced the pressure on resources in China. Soya imports have become a major con-
tributor to Chinese domestic savings on water and virtual soil. The Chinese food trade is
increasingly contributing to global land savings. Our projections show that domestic and
global water savings and virtual land (food source) trends will continue, with significant
variations due to changes in resource efficiency.The differences that distinguish this
research from previous research are the differences in the locus and focus of the study,
which identifies and analyzes collaborative governance in the implementation of the
South Sumatra Independent Movement Programme in the South Sumatera Province,
identify and analyze the supportive and inhibitory factors in collaborative governance
for the implantation of a South Sumatera Independent Food Movement in the Province of
South Sumatera, and recommend a collaborative governance model in the application
of the Programme of the Independent South Sumatera Movement that is ideal in the
province, so that it becomes a novelty in the research.
This study, using the framework of the collaborative processes of Ring and Van de
Ven (1994) in Thomson and L. Perry (2007: 22), can be described as follows: Framework
processes in order to develop collaboration, showing that the integrative elements are
embodied in personal relationships, psychological contracts, informal understanding, as
well as the commitment to replace the aggregative elements embodyed in the role of
formal organizations and legal contracts. Finding the right balance between integration
and aggregation does not rely on formal institutional structures such as agreement
notes and standard operating procedures.
This GSMP analysis uses the framework of the collaborative process according to
Ring and Van de Ven (1994), consisting of the following elements: 1) Negotiation, i.e.,
mutually beneficial negotiation with all parties, is meant if the organization involved in
the collaboration can negotiate with the hope of joint action; 2) Commitment, forming a
mutually agreed-upon agreement and implementing it in the future with various inter-
actions; 3) Implementation, implementing decisions in accordance with the agreement;
4) Assessments, judging on the basis of the entire process.

2. Methods

The research method used based on the type of data and its analysis, in this study is
qualitative descriptive, which aims to describe and analyze Collaborative Governance in
the Implementation of the South Sumatra Movement of Independent Food in the South
Sumatera Province.

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The data is collected through interviews, FGD with various stakeholders involved in
the program of the Movement of Independent Food Procurement. Qualitative data is
analyzed using content analysis approach to identify patterns of collaboration and its
impact in the implementation of the program.
The selection of locations for this research was taken from several villages in the
province of South Sumatra that have implemented the South Sumatera Movement of
Independent Food in the Province of South Sumatera.

3. Results and Discussion

The findings show that collaborative governance plays an important role in the imple-
mentation of the Food Independence Movement program, involving various actors
from the government to the local community in decision-making and implementation
processes, resulting in greater efficiency, better coordination, and wider participation.
In addition, this collaboration also promotes innovation in the agricultural sector and
strengthens social ties within local communities.
The findings also show that collaboration between governments, communities, and
the private sector plays an important role in the implementation of the Food Self-
Procurement Movement. This is reflected in various forms, such as partnerships between
local farmers and private companies to improve agricultural technology, the develop-
ment of local markets, and training programs for farmers. Collaborative governance also
helps raise public awareness of the importance of environmental sustainability in food
production.
This is one of the things that can be seen from the amount of grinding in the province
of South Sumatra, according to the Declaration of the Grinding Industry (PIPA) of the BPS
in 2012 of 9.087 grinding. In the monitoring activities of grain and rice stocks, milling
samples in South Sumatra Province are based on national samples at 1,000 milling, or
101 milling, or 10% of the total national milling sample, consisting of 2 large-capacity
milling, 6 medium-capability milling, and 101 small-capabilities milling. The samples
were distributed in six (six) districts, namely Banyuasin district, Lahat, Muara Enim, Musi
Rawas, Ogan Ilir, and Ogan Komering Ilir. In the data validity testing activities of grain
stocks and rice, three districts were selected: Lahat district.
One of the efforts undertaken in the Food Self-Protection Movement can be seen
through the Target Data and Achievement of Help to Poor Households Target of
the Food Independence Movement. As far as the objectives and achievements are
concerned, you can see in the following picture:

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Figure 2: Target & Realization Of Target Poor Household Aid GSMP. Source: GSMP 2022
documentation.

Through the above data can be seen the target and realization of aid to poor house-
holds target by 2012 until 2025 targeted continuous increase to reach 100 percent.
Based on the results of the interviews, the objectives of GSMP include: Empowering
households and communities in the provision of food and nutrition resources through
optimization of land use; Increasing public awareness, role and participation in the
realization of diverse, nutritious and safe food consumption patterns (B2SA) while
changing consumer behaviour so as to good nutritional status; Improving the availability,
affordability and use of household food; and Reducing household-level expenditure,
increasing the amount of householder income through market-oriented food supply.
The target of the Movement is all households throughout the village and district
spread across 17 districts/ cities of South Sumatra Province by 2025. Poor households
of aid recipients with criteria contained in Integrated Social Welfare Data (DTKS). As far
as GSMP’s implementation is concerned, it’s targeted.
Environmental factors also influence the implementation of the Food Self-Supply
Movement (GSMP), one of which involves the participation of society, especially the
millennials. The function of this Self-Food Program is clearly to increase and reduce
the poverty rate in South Sumatra so that a food-independent society can be realized.
The millennial generation believes that this program is important and feasible, one of
which is capable of running and gives a real example that this movement is vital and
influential to the economy. (Setiawan, 2021).

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Figure 3: South Sumatra Millennial Response 2023. Source: Interview processed by author
using Nvivo 12 Plus.

Through the above data, it can be seen that the target and realization of aid to poor
households were targeted by 2012 until 2025, with a continuous increase to reach 100
percent.
Based on the results of the interviews, the objectives of GSMP include: empowering
households and communities in the provision of food and nutrition resources through
optimization of land use; increasing public awareness, role, and participation in the
realization of diverse, nutritious, and safe food consumption patterns (B2SA) while
changing consumer behaviour so as to achieve good nutritional status; improving
the availability, affordability, and use of household food; and reducing household-level
expenditure and increasing the amount of household income through market-oriented
food supply.
The target of the movement is all households throughout the village and district
spread across 17 districts and cities in South Sumatra Province by 2025. Poor house-
holds of aid recipients meet criteria contained in Integrated Social Welfare Data (DTKS).
As far as GSMP’s implementation is concerned, it’s targeted.
Environmental factors also influence the implementation of the Food Self-Supply
Movement (GSMP), one of which involves the participation of society, especially mil-
lennials. The function of this self-food program is clearly to increase and reduce the
poverty rate in South Sumatera so that a food-independent society can be realized.
The millennial generation believes that this program is important and feasible, one of

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which is capable of running, and gives a real example that this movement is vital and
influential to the economy. (Setiawan, 2021).

4. Conclusion

Based on the results of this study, it shows that collaboration between the government,
the public, and the private sector plays a key role in the successful implementation
of the Food Self-Government Movement Programme. Effective communication, public
participation, and supportive policies are key factors in this collaboration. While there
are still some challenges to overcome, this collaboration provides valuable insights
into how collaboration can enhance the implementation of the Food Self-Consumption
Programme. Further research could examine these factors in greater depth and identify
solutions to address existing barriers. The research also provides useful insights for the
development of similar programs in other regions and emphasizes the importance of
cross-sectoral cooperation in achieving sustainable development.
In the end, the collaboration process includes the negotiation process between the
actors involved, the joint commitment to collaborate, the implementation of collaboration
according to the agreement, and the assessment of the entire collaborative process,
which will ultimately produce output. External research is an ideal model of the col-
laborative governance model in the implementation of the South Sumatra Self-Food
Movement Programme in the Southern Sumatera Province.

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