MINI PROJECT REPORT

ON

“TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATION in a garment industry ”

Under the Guidance of

Ms. Rahat Naaz
Assistant Professor
ICCMRT, Lucknow

Submitted in Partial fulfilment for the award of

Degree of Master of Business Administration from
Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow

Submitted By:
YASHASHVI PATHAK
Rollno: 2301240700035
MBA II ND SEMESTER
Batch 2023-2025

INSTITUTE OF CO-OPERATIVE & CORPORATE MANAGEMENT,

RESEARCH AND TRAINING
LUCKNOW-226016

Phone: 271631, 2716092

 Fax: (0522) 2716092
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.iccmrt.ac.in

Institute of Co-operative & Corporate Management

Research and Training
467, Sector-21, Ring Road, Indira Nagar, Lucknow-226016
सहकारी एवं कॉर्पोरेट प्रबंधन संस्थान, अनुसंधान एवं प्रशिक्षण 467, सेक्टर-21, रिंग रोड, इंदिरा नगर, लखनऊ-226016

Date/दिनांक ……………….
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that YASHASHVI PATHAK (Batch 2023-2025), a student of the Master of
Business Administration (MBA) Programme(Batch 2023-2025) At this institute has conducted a Mini
Project titled “GARMENT INDUSTRY & Its TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATION ” under my
guidance during 1st semester. The Mini Project has been prepared towards partial fulfilment for the
award of an MBA degree from Dr. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY. The
Mini Project report is the original contribution of the student.

The Mini Project report is hereby recommended and forwarded for evolution.

Certified By: Submitted to:

(DR. K. ANBUMANI ) Ms. Rahat Naaz
PRINCIPAL, ICCMRT Assistant Professor/
(Faculty Mentor)

DECLARATION
I YASHASHVI PATHAK, a student of the Master of Business Administration (MBA) Programme
(Batch 2023-2025) at the Institute of Co-operative & Corporate Management Research and Training,
Lucknow hereby declare that all the information, facts and figures used in the Mini Project titled
“GARMENT INDUSTRY & IT’S TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATION ”.

All have been collected by me and I also declare that this mini-project report has been 6prepared by
me and the same has never been submitted by the undersigned either in part or in full to any other
university or institute or published earlier.

This information is true to the best of my knowledge and belief.

Date: ......................
YASHASHVI PATHAK
MBA SEMESTER 2nd
Batch (2023-25)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I YASHASHVI PATHAK, owe a great many thanks to a great many people who helped
and supported me during the writing of this project. Thanks and appreciation to the
employees of the organization for their help and unbiased responses regarding my queries.
My deepest thanks to the director of our institute Mr. Alok Dixit for his continuous
support. I express my thanks to the Principal of ICCMRT Lucknow, Dr. K.Anbumani
(Principal, ICCMRT) for extending his support and valuable guidance. My deepest thanks
to Ms. Rahat Naaz (Assistant Professor, ICCMRT) the Faculty Mentor of the project
for guiding and correcting various documents of mine with attention and care. They have
taken a lot of pain to go through the project and make necessary corrections as and when
needed.

Date: ......................
YASHASHVI PATHAK
MBA SEMESTER 2nd
Batch (2023-25)

P
 R
E
F
A
C
E

In our two-year degree program of M.B.A., there is a provision for doing research

work in the specialization in the last semester. The essential purpose of this project

is to give an exposure and detailed outlook of the practical concepts. For this

purpose, I was assigned the project on “GARMENT INDUSTRY”. This has given

me an altogether new experience, which I believe, will be an immense help in the

day to come. The project was Informative, interesting and inspiring.

I hope the readers will find the information found in this report useful and interesting.

YASHASHVI PATHAK

MBA 2ndSemester,
S.NO Table of Content PAGE
NO..
1-: FRONT PAGE I

2-: CERTIFICATE II

3-: DECLARATION III

4-: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IV

5-: PREFACE V

6-: INTRODUCTION OF GARMENT INDUSTRY 1-2

7-: HISTORY OF GARMENT INDUSTRY 3-5

OBJECTIVE
SCOPE
IMPORTANCE

8-: PROFILE OF GARMENT INDUSTRY IN INDIA 6-8

9-: TOP 3 GARMENT INDUSTRY IN INDIA 9-14

10-: IMPACT OF NEW TECHNOLOGY IN GARMENT INDUSTRY 15-16

11-: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES OF GARMENT INDUSRTY 17-21

12-: BENEFITS/ADVANTAGES OF TECHNOLOGY 22-24

13-: SWOT ANALYSIS 25-27

14-: MARKET SEGEMENTATION OF GARMENT INDUSTRY 28-30

15-: PROBLEMS OCCURING IN GARMENT INDUSTRY 31-32

16-: HOW TO OVERCOME THESE PROBLEMS 33-34

17-: Conclusion 35
18-: 36
BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION

What is clothing?

Clothing (also known as clothes, garments, dress, apparel, or attire)

is any item worn on the body. Typically, clothing is made of fabrics
or textiles, but over time it has included garments made from
animal skin and other thin sheets of materials and natural products
found in the environment, put together. The wearing of clothing is
mostly restricted to human beings and is a feature of all human
societies. The amount and type of clothing worn depends on
gender, body type, social factors, and geographic considerations.
Garments cover the body, footwear covers the feet, gloves cover
the hands, while hats and headgear cover the head.

Clothing serves many purposes: it can serve as protection from the

elements, rough surfaces, sharp stones, rash-causing plants, and
insect bites, by providing a barrier between the skin and the
environment. Clothing can insulate against cold or hot conditions,
and it can provide a hygienic barrier, keeping infectious and toxic
materials away from the body. It can protect feet from injury and
discomfort or facilitate navigation in varied environments. Clothing
also protects from ultraviolet radiation. It may be used to prevent
glare or increase visual acuity in harsh environments, such as
brimmed hats. Clothing is used for protection against injury in
specific tasks and occupations, sports, and warfare. Fashioned with
pockets, belts, or loops, clothing may provide a means to carry
things while freeing the hands.

What is Garment?

A garment is a piece of cloth made of textile material(s) and it is

stitched using a sewing machine. 'Garment' is the most common
term used to name our clothes. The clothing item we wear to
cover our body is known as a garment.
Other terms used interchangeably for 'garment' are apparel,
attire, dress, uniform, and clothes. Clothing items like t-shirts,
shirts, pants, jackets, boxer pants, and ladies' blouses are
garments.

A fabric sheet is a cloth but not a garment. The garment is defined

as an article of clothing by thefreedictionary.com/garment.
Garments are classified based on many criteria. In this fashion
era, garments are the most essential component of the fashion
industry.

Different materials used in making a garment

Textile fabrics (woven or knits) are the fabric raw material for
making a garment item. Other than fabric trims and accessories
are used to make a garment. For example, the materials used for
making a trouser are shown below.

∙ Fabrics

∙ Lining (for pocketing fabric)

∙ Fusible interlining
 ∙ Sewing threads

∙ Zippers

∙ Buttons

∙ Hook & Bar

∙ Labels

∙ Price tags

∙ Packaging materials

What is apparel?
Clothes of a particular type when they are being sold in a shop.
Apparel can also include things like name tags, jewelry or other
stuff you wear. What is the difference between apparel, clothing
and garments?

The production of clothes, which was considered to be an art in the

prehistoric period, has undergone several technological changes.
The technological innovations have helped apparel manufacturers,
brand merchandisers and retailers to shift towards a new global
reality where customer choice and service are not just the
priorities; but have the potential to create a difference between
success and failure in a highly competitive market. Today, in the
global apparel trade, retailers and brand merchandisers are playing
a dominant role, and the apparel industries continue to change
faster than ever. The retail sector is becoming increasingly
concentrated, and the largest international retailers are becoming
more powerful through mergers and acquisitions. To become
successful in the highly competitive market, it is essential to
understand every aspect of the apparel business. This introductory
chapter describes the global scenario of clothing production, major
challenges and ways to face the challenges and the future trends in
apparel production.
 HISTORY OF THE GARMENT INDUSTRY

Apparel mass production started in 17th century for navies and

militaries. Mass production of garments started at the end of the
19th century in the USA and spread to Europe later. After First
World War, mass production was carried out widely in
Western world. At that time, goods were often made on a
"make-through" system: that is, each garment was made from
start to finish by one multi-skilled operative or in some cases by a
skilled master tailor who employed several trainees to work
under his guidance Later ford’s model of mass production
started in the manufacturing of men’s clothing as it more
standardized and incorporate a smaller number of details than
women’s clothing.

Garment manufacturing it includes the processes from order

receiving to dispatching shipment of the finished garments. The
garment manufacturing process is divided into three. Pre-
Production Processes - The pre-production process includes
sampling, sourcing of raw materials, Approvals, PP meeting etc.
Read this for further reading on pre-production processes.
Production processes - Production processes are cutting, sewing
etc. Post-production processes - thread trimming, pressing,
checking, folding and packing, shipment inspection etc.
Design/ Sketch Pattern Design Sample Making Production
Pattern Grading Marker Making Fabric Spreading Fabric
Cutting Sewing Inspection Garment Pressing Final Inspection
Packing Dispatch Garment Manufacturing process

o Design/ Sketch, Design or Sketch: Before making apparel

or garmentswe must design or sketch the appearance
 completely. It helps us the further process to monitor
manufacturing faults and process shortages.
o Pattern Design: Pattern drafting. A system of patternmaking
that depends on measurements taken from a form or
model to create basic, foundation, or design patterns.
Pattern design could also be done manually or with the help
of a computer.
Sample Making: The patterns are used to cut the fabric. Then
the garment components in fabric form are used to
sew/assemble the garment. Sample garment manufacturing
is to be done by a very efficient and technically sound
person.
o Production Pattern: Production pattern. The production
pattern is a pattern set that has been corrected and
without error. The patterns must contain every pattern
piece required to complete the garment. These are made
on the block or basic pattern. The production pattern must
be
added that information, sewing allowance, Button
attaching position, Buttonhole position, And other different
pattern information. o Grading: The purpose of grading is to
create patterns in different standard sizes. Grading a pattern is
scaling a pattern up or down in order to adjust it for multiple
sizes. Pattern sizes can be large, medium and small or else
there are standard patterns of size 10, 12, 14, 16 and so on for
different figure and statures sizes. This is generally how we get
S M L XL XXL sizing. Grading is a process of increasing and
decreasing the size of patterns.
o Marker Making Marker: A marker is a diagram of a precise
arrangement of pattern pieces for sizes of a specific style
that are to be cut from in one spread. What is Marker
Making? Marker making is the process of determining the
most efficient layout of pattern pieces for a style, fabric and
 distribution of sizes. It is useful to break marker making
down into 1. Marker planning, or the placement of pattern
pieces to meet technical requirements and the needs of the
material economy, 2. Marker utilization, which may include
drawing the marker plan directly onto the fabric, drawing it
onto a paper marker by pen or automatic plotter

OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH

1. To study consumer perception of the Garment industry.

2. To study consumer satisfaction levels.

3. To know the market potential.

4. To study the factors that affect the choice of the brand by the consumer

SCOPE OF STUDY
The scope formulation is the first step to a successful
Research process. The project undertook the problem of
analyzing consumer buying behaviour.

IMPORTANCE AND USE OF THE STUDY

To keep things in mind in the ever-changing competitive

business environment. New thoughts and ideas should pour

into its, Research &

Development to innovate its existing products which should

be beyond competitors' comprehension

This study enables the user with answer to formulate an

effective marketing mix strategy with a broader perspective

to tap areas where it did not feel the need earlier, hence the

decision of whether to penetrate this section or not can be

found at the end of the data analysis.

It also gives an idea of the potential of our business in the

future & the fluctuation in prices from time to time & from

product to product.

Special reference is made to the improvement of the ability

of product in terms of packaging & product innovations &

advertisement always means to cut down competitors.

 PROFILE OF THE GARMENT INDUSTRY
The Garment Industry of India is an Rs -one trillion industry. Almost 33 % of its
knitwear production and about 20% of its woven garment production, both by
volume, enter export markets. Overall, about 25 % of the volume of its garment
production goes into export markets, leaving 75 % for domestic consumption.

The industry covers over one lakh units and employs about 6 million workers,
both directly and indirectly in almost equal proportion. The indirect portion helps
to sustain the direct production sector in the shape of items associated with the
garment industry production including sewing/embroidery thread, buttons,
buckles, zippers, metal plates, cardboard sheets, plastic butterflies and packaging
material.

Organized sector of the garment industry is roughly 20% of the total industry,
concentrating chiefly on exports. These are usually limited Companies while
the rest are proprietary or partnership Companies.
Geographically, men's garments are largely produced in western and southern
India while production of lady’s garments predominates in North India. Eastern
section of India specializes in children’s garments where in fact, these took their
birth.

Fiber-wise, 80% of the production is of cotton garments, 15% of synthetic/mixed

garments and the rest of silk and wool garments.

The industry manufactures over 100 different types of garments for men, women
and children. These include overcoats/raincoats, suits, ensembles, jackets,
dresses, skirts, trousers, shirts, blouses, inner garments, T-shirts,
jerseys/pullovers, babies’ garments as well as accessories like shawls/scarves,
handkerchiefs, gloves and parts of garments.

Fabric constitutes 65 to 70% of the cost of production with labor making up a

further 15% and the rest go for overheads and manufacturer's profit.

Retail trade in India is spread over department stores, hypermarkets/discount

stores and speciality stores. A number ofshopping malls have sprung up all over
the country, especially in the metros. Due to this, land prices have spiralled.
Attention now shifts to "B" class, "C" class cities and the rural area.

Government policies of economic liberalization have raised incomes, encouraged

women entrepreneurs resulting in a steep rise in family incomes and making
available increasing levels of disposable income in their hands. This has helped to
increase purchase of garments but has limited this purchase due to rise in prices
of food grains on account of unseasonable weather. The benefit of economic
reforms has percolated down to rural areas coupled with the spread of education.
In fact, some of rural areas enjoy a life-style comparable to or even better than
that enjoyed by urban folk.
For the last several years, 9 to 10% of the disposable income has gone into
the purchase of garments and textiles in items like house-finishing, drapers,
tapestries and the like.

The export of garments and accessories from India is routed to all corners of the
world. However,the USA, EU and Canada together account for 70% of world
exports. Markets in Asia, Africa, East Europe, Australia, New Zealand and
countries in the Pacific Ocean account for the rest.

Immediately after the cessation of ATC (Agreement on Textiles and Clothing) in

December 2004, limiting exports of textiles and garments from India, there was a
25% spurt in exports of garments in the following year. This has since slowed
down to around 10%. A number of supplying countries from Asia have come into
existence, notably, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Cambodia and Pakistan
resulting in cut-throat competition in the supply of popular varieties helping to
bring down prices. India has had to adopt innovative practices by upgrading
the quality of the product in order to sustain (leave alone increase) her market
share in the worldcommunity. In recent years, the appreciation of the Indian
Rupee vs. US $ and the downslide in USeconomy has had a restraining effect on
garment exports from India, but the industry is now coming to terms with the
development.

TOP 3 COMPANIES UNDER GARMENT

INDUTRY IN INDIA 1. ARVIND LTD.

Arvind Ltd is one of the largest Textile Companies in India. Today, the fabric made
by Arvind can go around the earth 6 times over. 2 pieces of apparel are sold by an
Arvind-managed brand, every second in India. The Company is headquartered in
Ahmedabad, Gujarat. It is the Largest among the top 10 textile companies in
India.

Revenue: Rs 7,229 Cr
Employees: 42,000

Debt: Rs2,700 Cr

Processing Capacity: 240 MMPA

Market Cap: 1,315 Cr.

Stock P/E: 5.93

Dividend Yield: 3.93 %

ROCE: 8.95 %

ROE: 7.70 %

Sales Growth (3Yrs): -3.75 %

Arvind owns 22 global patents for environmental solutions, and is the largest
fire protection fabric producer in the country; Also managing 15 global apparel
brands of the likes of Tommy Hilfiger, US Polo, CK, GAP, Nautica, and Sephora.
Arvind is one of the best textile brands in India.

42,000 employees across verticals ranging from retail to advanced materials,

environmental and social solutions to real estate, apparel to agriculture. It is
No 1 among the top 10 textile companies in India based on turnover.
NNNOW.com is Owned by Arvind ltd.
COMPANY TURNOVER
Here is a summary of financial information of ARVIND SMART TEXTILES
LIMITED for the financial year ending on 31 March, 2020.

Revenue / turnover of ARVIND SMART TEXTILES LIMITED is INR 1

Crore - 100 Crore Net worth of the company has decreased by -

10,148.93 %

EBITDA of the company has decreased by -15,825.74 %

Total assets of the company have increased by 1.60 lac %

Liabilities of the company has increased by 73,030.07 %

Operating Revenue

INR 1 Crore - 100 Crore

EBITDA

-15,825.74 %

Net worth

-10,148.93 %
D

t
y

E
q

Total Assets

1.60 lac %

Fixed Assets

1.21 lac %

s
e

a
b

2. VARDHMAN TEXTILES LTD.

Vardaman Textiles is the Second largest Textile Company in India with more than
five decadesof presence, Vardhman is today among the leading textile
conglomerates in the country. Beginning humbly in the year 1965, Vardhman
Group has evolved over the years into a modern day textile major under the
dynamic leadership of its chairman, Mr. S. P. Oswal. Vardhman Textiles Limited
today stands as the epitome of perpetual business growth and rich industry
experience.
Revenue: Rs 6,706 Cr

Processing Capacity: 140 MMPA

Employees: 22939 (Including contractual manpower)

Debt: Rs 1,975 Cr

Engaged in the business of manufacturing of Yarn, Fabric, Acrylic fiber, Garments,

Sewing Threads and Alloy Steel, the Group has over the years developed as a
business conglomerate with presence in India and in 75 countries across the
globe. Vardhman is one of India’s largest textile manufacturers, with leading
market share and a sustainable business model. It is Second among the top 10
textile companies in India.

Market Cap: 5,160 Cr.

Stock P/E: 7.50

Dividend Yield: 1.67 %

ROCE: 10.90 %

ROE: 10.46 %

Sales Growth (3Yrs): -2.50

 3.RAYMOND LTD.

Raymond is a diversified group with majority business interests in the Textile &
Apparel sectors aswell as a presence across diverse segments such as FMCG,
Engineering, and Prophylactics in national and international markets. It is the
Fourth-largest among the top 10 textile companies inIndia

Revenue: Rs 6,767 Cr

Employees: 7087

Debt: Rs 2,468 Cr
Processing Capacity: 110 MMPA

Market Cap: 3,443 Cr

Stock P/E: 22.22

Dividend Yield: 0.53 %

ROCE: 11.60 %

ROE: 9.10 %

Sales Growth (3Yrs): 8.34 %

 Being a vertically and horizontally integrated manufacturer of Textiles, Raymond
produces ‘The finest fabric in the world’. With over 1100 exclusive stores spread
across 380+ cities and an expansive network of over 20,000 points-of-sale in India,
Raymond and its brands are also available in tier IV & V cities.

Raymond has also been a leading player in Shirting fabrics and is the No.1 brand in
the OTC space. A formidable player in the Denim space, Raymond is also the top
producer & preferred supplier of high-quality 7Ring Denim to world’s leading
Jeanswear brands

IMPACT OF NEW TECHNOLOGY IN GARMENT INDUSTRY

The fibre and textile production and the manufacture of clothing

led to the industrialization in the developing world. The technology
made the machines to be ease and speed and process technology
to new modes of clothing production based on the systems cost and
productivity. The application of these new technologies made a
profound social impact not only on the employees but also the
location of those employees in clothing production. The skills,
management and training need of the organizations are also
affected. The technology such as CAD, CAM, manufacturing
management and information technology systems facilitate many
changes in the women fashion and textile industry. By improving
the labor productivity and reducing overall manufacturing costs, the
clothing industry perceived the need of industrialized countries.

The technological changes promote the automation of clothing

production. In the sewing machine industry, technology provides a
flexible method of adapting to changing styles, fabrics and sizes.
Some important results emerge as the development in fabric
evaluation. But still, there are major obstacles present in the
automation of the stitching fabrics. The search for improved
competitiveness increases the raise of new methods in designing,
quick response, quality and service and provide greater flexibility by
motivation the employees.

Apart from the cost and greater accessibility, there is an overall

impact on clothing technology strengthening the competitiveness
of larger companies at the
expense of small and medium-scale firms. New technologies
brought significant change and enhanced economies of sales in
clothing manufacturing and organization. Design, cutting and
marker-making can be handled with the use of the most modern
equipment. In the case of woollen goods, cutting can be integrated
directly into the fabric quality control process. Sewing and related
operations are framed into small units known as satellite units
wherever the availability and cost of labor are more favorable.

Market drivers of clothing industry technology include the greater

importance on design, innovative fabrics, quick response, quality
and flexibility. Retailing is more concentrated in the global fashion
 market. Mass merchandisers extend their involvement and
relationships with supplier’s right back to fabric, fibres and yarns.
The trading house system binds the number of stages of textile and
clothing manufacturing together with retailing. Such companies use
electronic data interchange as a core technology for building and
managing their supply chains. The requirement for qualities such as
sizing and fit, colouration, and
patterning establishes the interest in new fabric and garment styles.

EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES OF GARMENT INDUSTRY

 Artificial intelligence

In recent years, brands have been using AI to enhance customers'

shopping experience, analyze data, boost sales, forecast trends and
offer inventory-related guidance.

Chatbots and touchscreens are being used in stores to improve

customer experience and customized product suggestions. It’s
almost impossible to head to a fashion brand’s website and not find
some form of AI chat technology that’s being used to help enhance
the customer experience. The technology behind AI includes
algorithms that track customers' journeys to match them with the
right
products.

Although these customer service technology tools are promising,

trend forecasting and supply chain management are some of the
most profitable avenues for AI. For instance, real-time inventory
tracking has become key for brands as they save time and make for
efficient warehouse management and operations.

∙
Novel fabrics

The latest interactions in printed objects that change colours include

a system created by MIT researchers called Color Fab 3D. This
technology prints 3D objects with “photochromic inks” that change
colour when exposed to certain wavelengthsof UV light. One of
their first items produced was the ring that can be programmed into
a number of customizable colours.

Google fans may soon be able to wear clothing made by the digital
tech giant. Project Jacquard, out of Google’s ATAP lab (Advanced
Technology and Projects), is a collection of conductive threads for
weaving touch-responsive textiles like clothing, tablecloths, rugs, or
anything else made of fabric.

The team behind Project Jacquard are also making colour-shifting

possible with Ebb. It is a colour-changing fabric technology that
could someday be programmed to change our mood or setting. The
Ebb materials could even help us conduct
many activities that we currently do on our phones using the color
signals instead. For example, when you receive an incoming call the
color of your cuff changes.

∙ INTERNET OF THINGS

The IoT describes a network of objects - the ‘things’ - that are

embedded with technology to allow the exchange and connection
of data over the internet. This is one of the most exciting, emerging
technological trends in the fashion market. Year on year, everyday
fashion continues to improve to reflect the realities of our daily
lives. From a great emphasis on comfort to using new and exciting
fabrics, the fashion industry has had to keep up the pace in
adapting to the demands of contemporary life. This has been seen
most clearly in the exciting advancements in apparel technology
and wearable gadgets. These have gone as far as affecting how we
experience our surroundings, interact with others and our bodies,
giving the word comfort a whole new meaning.

Smart clothing, wearable spaces, multi-functional designs and

responsive sportswear have all massively developed over the past
three years. As our "real" lives become increasingly mixed with a
virtual existence, many designers have been experimenting and
pushing the limits of what wearability means.

∙ Rapid Data Analysis for Quick Adaptation

Rapid data analysis, for quick adaptation, is a way for businesses to

quickly adapt their business fragments (such as the supply chain)
quickly and efficiently through using large amounts of data to
support this adaption. Thanks to the new software tools available
on the market, brands and factories can receive real-time feedback
and alerts from companies about defects or damaged goods. This
helps them save money, eliminate waste and deliver adequate
products at the right time. It also lets them maximize customer
satisfaction by recognizing potential business threats instantly.

One example is management software like IQMS. Enterprise

resource planning (ERP) software which is used in manufacturing for
monitoring and collecting production data in real-time, as products
are being made.

∙ Mobile commerce

Mobile technology is getting more advanced every day. From Insta

shopping to smart wallets, mobile commerce is the ultimate tech
tool. It has not only impacted our everyday lives, but it has become
one of the fastest-growing sectors in eCommerce. Insider
Intelligence forecasts that mobile commerce will reach $284 billion,
or 45% of the total U.S. e-commerce market, by 2021.

This is largely because using our smartphones for shopping online is

becoming easier and easier. With digital wallet options like Apple
and Android Pay, constantly innovating with new technologies like
fingerprint and facial recognition, they're poised to become the
preferred payment for retail purchases. In fact, according to
BigCommerce, two out of three millennials would rather shop
online than in-store.

∙ Virtual and augmented reality (VR)

Combining the physical and online worlds of retail has been one of
Virtual Reality's most exciting applications. This is certainly true in
the fashion industry: one widespread use of VR is enabling
customers to virtually try on outfits. This gives greater accuracy,
thanks to customized measurement functionality, and also employs
augmented reality technology. It also means that customers might
be more likely to buy products they feel that they’re tried on.

This kind of online shopping experience engages and retains the

customers longer, as they love seeing the product on themselves
before buying. This, combined with the social media share factor,
makes it even more appealing to customers.

∙ 3D Printing

Since the advent of 3D printers, many brands, both big and small,
have been looking into the possibilities it holds for on-demand
production. This will create new avenues for customization,
sustainability and creativity.

Many fashion brands are embracing 3D in their collections in 2021,

from accessories to full looks.

Despite the fact it takes many hours to create, it results in less

waste and proves far less labour-intensive than other types of
manufacturing. Indeed, printing garments on demand reduces
fabric waste by about 35%. This minimal waste approach could
provide valuable insights on how to reshape the current state of
factories and align them with a more sustainable social and
environmental focus.

The blockchain solution creates a physical digital link between

products and their digital identities on a blockchain. Just like with
digital currency, Blockchain offers a
cryptographic seal or serial number that acts as the physical
identifier which is linked back to the individual product's "digital
twin", as explained by Forbes magazine.

This technology has been taken advantage of by Textile Genesis,

who use the technology to keep a record of every stage of
production. They say this will help to keep their supply chain more
transparent, as well as encouraging a wider push towards
sustainability.
In fast fashion, designs move quickly from the runway to store
shelves. Fast fashion giants can produce as many as 52 micro
collections per year. To keep up with the rapid consumer demand
traditional brands had to keep up and release up to 11 collections
per year.

BENEFITS / ADVANTAGES OF TECHNOLOGY

Chiefly, seamless technology has transfigured the global production

process of the textile industry. Apparel firms have now become able
to respond accordingly to the fashion trends since the labour has
been trimmed–fabrics do not need to be cut and sewn anymore.

There is a direct production of finished clothing items, resulting in a

more time efficient operation than the conventional approach. It
has also been said that 40% of the costs of traditional knitting can
be saved using this mechanism. Let’s scrutinize each benefit
provided by this seamless knitting technology through the factors
below.

● Design

Seamless technology always aims for innovation and

modernization. Due to the never-ending demand of the customers,
it is inclined to creating new seamless styles. Plus, the development
of yarns and fibers are continuous for this kind of production.

The seamless designs are all considered unique. The patterns and
overall construction of the clothing items are distinct and exclusive.
Meaning to say, non seamless garments cannot emulate their
designs and structures. This technology also paves the way to
multitudes of combinations in color, textures, patterns, ribbings,
details, etc.
It has a versatile nature that is not possessed by other methods of
production. It gives a win-win situation for both the producer and
the consumer because of the high quality of fabrics and exceptional
designs it features.

● Comfort

Comfort is one of the primary reasons why people would patronize

seamless clothing. Who wants to wear comfy clothes? Bet no one
does.

Seamless technology provides ease of movement. It gives no

restriction for flexibility, preventing chafe and skin sore. Yarns can
be itchy most of the time, but seamless garments remove bulky and
thick elastics in order to increase comfort.

● Fit

Another good thing about seamless garments is that they really fit
well. No matter what type of body one has, a seamless garment
adapts to his or her body shape and size. This gives a clean, precise
fit for the consumer’s body. Not to mention its softness and
elasticity.

This is what we’re all looking for in a piece of clothing. Aside from
the comfort it can give us, we would really appreciate it if it
accurately fits our body, which definitely looks better.

● Durability
Due to seamless technology’s immense balance of manufactured
fibers, the durability of the seamless garments is stronger. They are
also exempted from failures such as waistband and side seam.
Knitting machines are used to directly create a garment in less
amount of time. It cuts intensive labor and saves up to 40 percent
of production time.

∙ Price

The new technique fabricates the garments with no or less

involvement of cutting and sewing; thus, the production brings
about hefty savings in terms of cost and time. The productivity level
in the textile industry also shoots up through the seamless
technology. Resolutions are provided really quickly, and everything
is paced in a realistic timeline.

Because of the numerous benefits of seamless garment technology,

apparel businesses and knitting manufacturers are actually eligible
to conduct a price increase for the products that they sell. The
better quality, the higher level of comfort, the durability, and the
good fit of the seamless clothes allow producers and retailers to
give value to their customers and charge a more reasonable price.
SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths:

o Indian Textile Industry is an Independent & Self-Reliant

industry. o Abundant Raw Material availability that helps
industry to control costs and reduces the lead-time across the
operation. Availability of Low Cost and Skilled Manpower
provides competitive advantage to industry. o Availability of
large varieties of cotton fiber and has a fast-growing synthetic
fiber industry.
o India has great advantage in Spinning Sector and has a
presence in all process of operation and value chain.
o India is one of the largest exporters of Yarn in international
market and contributes around 25% share of the global trade in
Cotton Yarn. o The Apparel Industry is one of largest foreign
revenue contributor and holds 12% of the country’s total export.
o Industry has large and diversified segments that provide wide
variety of products.
o Growing Economy and Potential Domestic and International
Market. o Industry has Manufacturing Flexibility that helps to
 increase the productivity.
Weaknesses:

o Indian Textile Industry is highly Fragmented Industry.

o Industry is highly dependent on Cotton.
o Lower Productivity in various segments.
o There is Declining in Mill Segment.
o Lack of Technological Development that affect the
productivity and other activities in whole value chain.
o Infrastructural Bottlenecks and Efficiency such as,
Transaction Time at Ports and transportation Time.
o Unfavorable labor Laws.
o Lack of Trade Membership, which restrict to tap other
potential market. o Lacking to generate Economies of
Scale.
o Higher Indirect Taxes, Power and Interest Rates.

Opportunities:

o Growth rate of Domestic Textile Industry is 6-

8% per annum. o Large, Potential Domestic and
International Market.
o Product development and Diversification to cater global
needs. o Elimination of Quota Restriction leads to greater
Market Development. o Market is gradually shifting
towards Branded Readymade Garment. o Increased
Disposable Income and Purchasing Power of Indian
Customer opens New Market Development.
o Emerging Retail Industry and Malls provide huge
opportunities for the Apparel, Handicraft and other
segments of the industry.
o Greater Investment and FDI opportunities are available.

Threats:
o Competition from other developing countries, especially
China. o Continuous Quality Improvement is need of the hour
as there are different demand patterns all over the world.
o Elimination of Quota system will lead to fluctuations in
Export Demand. o Threat for Traditional Market for Power
loom and Handloom Products and forcing them for product
diversification.
o Geographical Disadvantages.
o International labor and Environmental Laws.
o To balance the demand and supply.
o To make balance between price and quality.
MARKET SEGEMENTATION OF GARMENT INDUSTRY

DESCRIPTIVE SEGEMENTATION

The first and most immediate approach we can pursue in

segmenting a firm’s audience starts with creating groups of
users which are defined by descriptive criteria such as:

∙ Geographical location: - According to their area of residence,

customers share particular characteristics, which are a
reflection of the cultural and geographical area of residence.
This segmentation starts from the fundamental assumption
that individual behavior and purchase preferences are
influenced by factors (such as climate and culture) which can
be segmented according to their geographical location.

∙ Socio-demographic: - This criterion divides consumers on the

 grounds of elements such as income, age, gender, family
status and life cycle stage. These factors require companies
to match their product lines to particular price-points and
product uses in order to become appealing to a specific
customer segment.
∙ Age. Age is a very important element to create customer
segments. Age relates specifically to the events which took
place in the formative years of a generation. At the moment,
we tend to identify the following age groups: pre-teens,
millennials, generation X, baby boomers, new seniors. This
latter category is fairly new and relates to the increase in life
expectancy.

Alternatively, segmentation can decide not to focus

specifically on the individual as a person, as much as an
individual as a consumer. In this case, we need to
understand elements which are more behavioral. In other
words, we need to clarify not who heshe is, as much as what
makes his purchase. This typology of segmentation is much
harder to carry out, as we need to understand behavioral
patterns and relationships of causality.

BEHAVIOURAL SEGMENTATION

∙ User status: - Users can be classified into non-users, potential

users, habitual users, former users. In order to ‘speak’ to
each, a company needs to use a different communicative
approach. It can be noted that when we use the expression
‘disruptive innovation’ we refer to technological
breakthroughs which are able to transform non-users into
users, because of the lower price point that technological
innovations are able to bring to the market.
 ∙ Occasions of use: - This segmentation criterion relates to
the context in which customers may buy a particular product
or service because of a specific circumstance or in a
particular situation or context. Some brands may decide to
focus their marketing campaigns on connecting their
products to a particular use rather than a set of unique
product qualities.
∙ Brand loyalty: - A loyal customer is someone will have grown a
strong emotional attachment to the brand and will,
therefore, become a returning customer by purchasing
multiple times. A loyal customer has a very high lifetime
value and brands need to
make sure they retain this category of consumers
as they are very profitable.

Understanding behaviors is an essential component to deliver an

effective branding experience. This approach is also encouraged by
Jobs to Be Done Theory and will be discussed in the next section of
this post.

Finally, the last category of segmentation criteria is called

psychographic segmentation. This segmentation relates to
how a purchase decision is a reflection of an inner concept of
self. According to how a customer reacts to change and
innovation we can create the following categories:

PHYCHOGRAPHIC SEGEMENTATION

∙ Innovators: - This category of users will be very responsive

to innovation and change. They will be the first to buy, to
stay ahead of the curve and influence later consumers by
providing feedback and reviews.
∙ Early adopters: - This category of buyers will be the first to
follow a trend as soon as it takes shape. These adapters will
influence a product’s success the most as they will be the
pathway to major adoption. This category of users can also
be identified with the term ‘lead user’ to indicate those
individuals who might fully appreciate the impact of a new
product category. Firms often want to tap into lead users’
expectations and feedback to gain insights into how products
can be developed.

∙ Late majority: - The late majority of the target market is

comprised of those individuals who will follow a trend as
soon as it becomes sufficiently influential.
 PROBLEMS OCCURING IN GARMENT INDUSTRY

1. Raw-Material Issue

Raw materials are essential to the garment industry. Garment

manufacturers depend on a great number of suppliers for raw
materials across the world. Due to various reasons such as natural
disasters, geopolitical instability, manufacturers don’t get raw
materials on time. If they get either the quality of the materials is
worse or the number is insufficient. As a result, they face issues
with material sourcing and shortages.

2. Inventory Management Issue

It is important to get full control and visibility of the inventory to

track the stock and the quantity of the order and to understand
when the stock needs to be refilled to run the business operations
properly. But many garment manufacturers still follow the
outdated inventory management method. They make the list of
their items with a pen and paper method, use manual processes,
track the
inventory by entering the information in a spreadsheet. Due
to this, they are unable to scale up their inventory
management process.

3. Production Delays

Production delays are common in the garment industry.

Human errors, inefficiency in the supply chain, slow
production, following outdated manufacturing processes, lack
of transparency is some of the reasons that the garment
industry is still dealing with unnecessary production delays.

4. Order Processing Issue

The garment order passes through a lengthy and unique process

in many ways. From preparation to finishing the products to
meet quality approvals, there are various challenges that
garment manufacturers face in order processing.

5. Garment Defects

Garment defect is another big issue for garment manufacturers.

After finishing the product, a number of defects are found on
garments like loose buttons, holes, stains, discoloration,
inappropriate trimming, poor ironing, loose thread, etc. All these
happen due to poor communication, improper cutting, trimming,
improper handling of the parts of the garments, etc.
HOW TO OVERCOME THESE PROBLEMS

o Improving product quality is generally not difficult, but

requires deliberate and ongoing attention, and it requires
the commitment of every individual within the
manufacturing company, from the person who cleans the
floors to the most senior manager.
o Specific steps that can enhance quality include:
o Communicating the importance of quality, each worker’s
role in achieving and maintaining right quality, and
expectations of worker performance o Maintaining a clean
and dry workplace, including storage rooms and shipping
areas
o Selecting and utilizing proper equipment for each cutting and
assembly step o Providing the proper tools and training to each
worker, and communicating management quality performance
expectations
o Planning and conducting an ongoing program of
machine maintenance o Establishing agreed-upon quality
standards with all fabric and finding suppliers before
purchase, including procedures for rejecting/returning
unacceptable goods
o 100% inspection of all incoming fabrics to include, at a
minimum: o Visual inspection by a trained inspector running
every roll of fabric over a back-lit inspection frame to identify
fabric defects such as holes, tears, stains, stop marks, and
width variations, and to compare actual width and length to
reported dimensions.
o Color shade check, compared to agreed-upon (or buyer
imposed) shade tolerances under a five-light box
o Rejection and return of all fabric not meeting
agreed-upon quality standards
o 100% inspection of value-added processes like panel
printing, machine embroidery, hand embroidery etc. No
defective panels or components should be sent to
assembly. Defective component to be accepted after
corrective measure.
o Cutting quality is the second most important area.
Checking to be performed for the cut components
such as matching cut panels with original pattern,
shade variation, fabric related defects etc.
o Full inspection of work in process and finished garments to
include adherence to size specifications and stitching related
defects such as needle cutting, open seam, broken seam,
 jump stitch, variable gathering etc.
o Recording defects by garment production lot, source
(fabric, cutting, or assembly), type, and operator
o Analysis of defect data to identify sources of
quality problems o Corrective measures:
o Replace – replace underperforming
suppliers, equipment, o Repair – repair ill-
functioning equipment,
o Retrain – retrain underperforming workers
 CONCLUSION

Clothing has never been more accessible and affordable than

it is today. City slickers and suburban inhabitants alike don’t
have to go far to acquire mass produced garments from
prominent, fast fashion companies. In a globalized
world, the latest in high fashion trends are made available to the
average, first world consumer in a matter of weeks. It’s a business
model that appeals to the masses, bringing instant gratification to a
society that expects nothing less at this day in age when shopping
is available at the tap of a finger on a glass screen. But behind the
glass screen, the trendy display cases, the cheap, chic clothing, and
the like, is an industry that can’t be sustained in an ethical or
environmental manner.

The fashion industry is one of the most polluting industries in the

world. Rapidly producing garments in high volumes additionally
generates textile and chemical waste in equally high volumes. To
power this global industry at the lowest costs
requires outsourcing labor from developing countries, often times
where lax regulations allow for companies to get around quality
control restrictions concerning both material and labor.
Consequently, laborers are underpaid and mistreated. This
unsustainable industry will only continue to grow as long as
consumers are ignorant or continue to turn a blind eye to the
environmental and societal impact it leaves on the world.
In the best interest of the planet and its inhabitants, the fashion
industry is in need of a reformation, changes that are sustainable
and ethical. Awareness and acknowledgement of the problems
that plague the environment due to garment
production must increase in order to gain support from
consumers in putting pressure on the suppliers.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

∙ https://www.slideshare.net

∙ https://www.india-crafts.com

∙ https://www.researchgate.net