Scientific Foundations of Health

Scientific Foundations of Health
Health is a state of body. Wellness is a state of being.”

— J. Stanford
Modulue-1
Dr. Veerabhadrappa S T
Associate Professor
Department of Electronics & Communication,
JSS Academy of Technical Education, Bengaluru
[email protected]
“The secret of health for
both mind and body is
not to mourn for the past,
not to worry about the
future, or not to
anticipate troubles, but to
live in the present
moment wisely and
earnestly.”
— Buddha
Outcomes Based Education
Outcomes based education (OBE) is a process that
involves the restructuring of curriculum, assessment and
reporting practices in education to reflect the achievement
of high order learning and mastery rather than the
accumulation of course credits” (Tucker, 2004).
(http://www.slideshare.net/jellai09/obe-approaches?from_action=save)
Why Outcome Based Accreditation
• Globalization has brought in a clear shift from education as

transmission of expert knowledge to education as building
learner competencies including learning to learn and life long
learning.
That means focus will have to be on

• Understanding fundamentals very well, and learning new
skills/competencies that would enable individuals to cope with
the demands of the rapidly changing workplace.
• Prepare global engineers who will have to solve problems and
shoulder challenges which are not even known today!!
Accreditation Criteria (OBE)
Vision, Mission and PEOs Academic Support Units

and Teaching-learning
Programme Outcomes Process
Programme Curriculum Governance, Institutional

Support and Financial
Resources
Student Performance
Faculty Contributions
Continuous Improvement
Facilities and Technical Support

Outcome Based Education
for
Outcome Based Accreditation
(Education)
(Curriculum)
(Learning &
Teaching)
(Assessment)
The OBE Framework
PO
CO
Processes for PEOs
• Feedback format for collecting data from stakeholders

• A process by which PEOs are created and reviewed periodically
• A process to evaluate to what extent PEOs are attained
• Review, Mid correction, and Continuous Quality Improvement
Program Outcomes
• POs are statements about the knowledge, skills and

attitudes (attributes) the graduate of a formal engineering
program should have.
• Profile of the Graduates reached through POs - Target
• POs are defined by Accreditation Agencies of the country
(NBA in India)
• Defining these is the Starting Point
Program Outcomes (POs)
1. Engineering Knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science,
engineering fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of
complex engineering problems.
2. Problem Analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze
complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first
principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
3. Design/Development of Solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering
problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified
needs with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the
cultural, societal, and environmental considerations
4. Conduct Investigations of Complex Problems: Use research-based
knowledge and research methods including design of experiments, analysis
and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid
conclusions.
Conti…
5. Modern Tool Usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques,

resources, and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and
modeling to complex engineering activities with an understanding of the
limitations.
6. The Engineer and Society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual
knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the
consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.
7. Environment and Sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional
engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate
the knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and
responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.
Conti…
9. Individual and Team Work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a
member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
10.Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering
activities with the engineering community and with society at large, such as,
being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design
documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear
instructions.
11.Project Management and Finance: Demonstrate knowledge and
understanding of the engineering and management principles and apply these
to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and
in multidisciplinary environments.
12.Life-long Learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and
ability to engage in independent and lifelong learning in the broadest context
of technological change.
Module-1 Good Health and It’s balance for positive mindset:
➢ What is Health, Why Health is very important Now? –
➢ What influences your Health?,
➢ Health and Behaviour,
➢ Health beliefs and advertisements,
➢ Advantages of good health (Short term and long term benefits),
➢ Health and Society, Health and family,
➢ Health and Personality - Profession.
➢ Health and behaviour,
➢ Disparities of health in different vulnerable groups.
➢ Health and psychology, Methods to improve good psychological health.
➢ Psychological disorders (Stress and Health - Stress management),
➢ how to maintain good health,
➢ Mindfulness for Spiritual and Intellectual health,
➢ Changing health habits for good health.
➢ Health and personality.
Module-2Building of healthy lifestyles for better future:
➢ Developing a healthy diet for good health,
➢ Food and health,
➢ Nutritional guidelines for good health and well beingness,
➢ Obesity and overweight disorders and its management,
➢ Eating disorders –
➢ proper exercises for its maintenance (Physical activities for health),
➢ Fitness components for health,
➢ Wellness and physical function,
Module-3 Creation of Healthy and caring relationships :
➢ Building communication skills (Listening and speaking),
➢ Friends and friendship - education,
➢ the value of relationships and communication,
➢ Relationships for Better or worsening of life,
➢ understanding of basic instincts of life (more than a biology),
➢ Changing health behaviours through social engineering,
Module-4 Avoiding risks and harmful habits :
Characteristics of health compromising behaviors,
Recognizing and avoiding of addictions,
How addiction develops and addictive behaviors,
Types of addictions, influencing factors for addictions,
Differences between addictive people and non addictive people and their
behavior with society,
Effects and health hazards from addictions Such a s...,
how to recovery from addictions.
Module-5 Preventing and fighting against diseases for
good health :
➢ Process of infections and reasons for it,

➢ How to protect from different types of transmitted infections such as….,
Current trends of socio economic impact of reducing your risk of
disease,
➢ How to reduce risks for good health,
➢ Reducing risks and coping with chronic conditions,
➢ Management of chronic illness for Quality of life,
➢ Health and Wellness of youth : a challenge for the upcoming future
Measuring of health and wealth status.
Modulue-1
Associate Professor
[email protected]
Health and Behaviour and What influences your Health?
The word health means different things to different people.
The word health is derived from hal, which means “hale, sound, whole.” When it comes to
the health of people, the word health as been defined in a number of different ways—often
in its social context,
Health as a dynamic state or condition that is multidimensional in nature and results from a
person’s adaptations to his or her environment. It is a resource for living and exists in varying
degrees.
“Many persons enjoy a state of well-being even though they may be classed as unhealthy by
others”
The components of holistic wellness and describe the factors that contribute to not only a
person’s physical and mental health, but also their ability to develop, thrive, succeed, enjoy
life, and meet challenges head on with confidence and resolve.
To achieve this type of overall wellness, a person must be healthy in nine interconnected
dimensions of wellness: physical, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, social, environmental,
occupational, financial, and cultural.
Veerabhadrappa S T, Department of Electronics & Communication, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Bengaluru
Physical Wellness People who are physically well actively make healthy decisions on a daily
basis. They eat a nutritionally balanced diet; they try to get an adequate amount of sleep, and
they visit the doctor routinely. They make a habit of exercising three to five times per week;
they have the ability to identify their personal needs and are aware of their body's limitations.
They maintain positive interpersonal relationships and make healthy sexual decisions that are
consistent with their personal values and beliefs.
• Emotional Wellness An emotionally well person successfully expresses and manages an
entire range of feelings, including anger, doubt, hope, joy, desire, fear, and many others.
People who are emotionally well maintain a high level of self-esteem. They have a positive
body-image and the ability to regulate their feelings. They know where to seek support and
help regarding their mental health, including but not limited to, seeking professional
counseling services.
• Intellectual Wellness Those who enjoy intellectual wellness engage in lifelong learning. They
seek knowledge and activities that further develop their critical thinking and heighten global
awareness. They engage in activities associated with the arts, philosophy, and reasoning.
• Spiritual Wellness People who can be described as spiritually well have identified a core set of
beliefs that guide their decision making, and other faithbased endeavors. While firm in their
spiritual beliefs, they understand others may have a distinctly different set of guiding
principles. They recognize the relationship between spirituality and identity in all individuals.
• Social Wellness A socially well person builds healthy relationships based on interdependence,
trust, and respect. Those who are socially well have a keen awareness of the feelings of others.
They develop a network of friends and co-workers who share a common purpose, and who
provide support and validation.
• Environmental Wellness An environmentally well person appreciates the external cues and
stimuli that an environment can provide. People who have achieved environmental wellness
recognize the limits to controlling an environment and seek to understand the role an individual
plays in the environment.
• Occupational Wellness An occupationally well person enjoys the pursuit of a career which is
fulfilling on a variety of levels. This person finds satisfaction and enrichment in work, while
always in pursuit of opportunities to reach the next level of professional success.
• Financial Wellness Those who are financially well are fully aware of their current financial
state. They set long- and short-term goals regarding finances that will allow them to reach
their personal goals and achieve self-defined financial success. visit the doctor routinely. They
make a habit of exercising three to five times per week; they have the ability to identify their
personal needs and are aware of their body's limitations. They maintain positive
interpersonal relationships and make healthy sexual decisions that are consistent with their
personal values and beliefs.
• Cultural Wellness Culturally well people are aware of their own cultural background, as
well as the diversity and richness present in other cultural backgrounds. Cultural wellness
implies understanding, awareness and intrinsic respect for aspects of diversity. A culturally
well person acknowledges and accepts the impact of these aspects of diversity on sexual
orientation, religion, gender, racial and ethnic backgrounds, age groups, and disabilities.
Modulue-1
Associate Professor
[email protected]
Module-1 Good Health and It’s balance for positive mindset:
➢ What is Health, Why Health is very important Now? –
➢ What influences your Health?,
➢ Health and Behaviour,
➢ Health beliefs and advertisements,
➢ Advantages of good health (Short term and long term benefits),
➢ Health and Society, Health and family,
➢ Health and Personality - Profession.
➢ Health and behaviour,
➢ Disparities of health in different vulnerable groups.
➢ Health and psychology, Methods to improve good psychological health.
➢ Psychological disorders (Stress and Health - Stress management),
➢ how to maintain good health,
➢ Mindfulness for Spiritual and Intellectual health,
➢ Changing health habits for good health.
➢ Health and personality.
Health beliefs and advertisements,
Advantages of good health (Short term and long term
benefits),
DECISIONS DECISIONS!
DECISIONS DECISIONS
LEGIT!?!?
Factors That Influence your Purchases!
• 1. Price
• Which costs more?
• 2. Convenience
• We pay more for convenience
• Convenience (Continued)
Healthy Lean Ground Beef

McDonalds Value Meal: $6.29 Cheeseburger: $3.02
• 2a. Convenience
• If you were buying a 2 liter of soda. At which store would it cost more?
• 2a. Convenience
• If you were buying a box of Frosted Flakes cereal. At which store
would it cost more?
Cost $3.79
Cost: $5.69
•What are some decisions you have made as

a consumer that may have been influenced
by a friend or family member?
• 4. Quality
• Obviously, you want to have the best quality
• Better quality may be more expensive
• Ipod car adapter example
•5. Advertising
•The way in which manufacturers gain your
attention can persuade you to buy a
product
•BE CAREFUL!!!
Can you name these companies?
• Life's Good
• Snap, Crackle, Pop
• Nothing Runs Like A Deere
• The ultimate driving machine
• I'm loving it!
Popular Types of Fraud Products
• Beauty Aids
• Play on peoples fear of getting old, fat, and promise youth, beauty and sex
appeal forever
• Wrinkles, Baldness, Weight Loss
Diet Aids
• Appeals to our need to feel trim and energetic
Food
• Represents the most lucrative areas of quackery. Waste of money
and unhealthy
Fraudulent Devices
• Devices that are promoted to cure ailments
Topic 1: What is mental health?
49
Psychosocial disability” includes people who have received a mental health-
related diagnosis or who self-identify with this term.
“Cognitive disability” and “intellectual disability” refer to people who have
received a diagnosis related to their cognitive or intellectual function, including
dementia and autism.
The term “disability” highlights the barriers that hinder the full participation in
society of people with actual or perceived impairments and the fact that they
are protected under the CRPD.
The use of “disability” in this context does not imply that people have an
impairment or a disorder.
Characteristics of good mental health
• Feels good about • Uses health skills
themselves • Stress management
• Decision making
• Feels comfortable with • Conflict resolution
other people • Uses “I messages”
• Able to meet the • Copes/adapts with change

demands of life
• Assertive
• Expresses emotions in
healthy ways
• Active listener
• Is optimistic (positive)
• Can be part of a
team/group
Characteristics of poor mental health
• Does NOT share feelings • “You” messages (blame and
escalate)
• Emotions control behaviors
• Aggressive and passive
• Is pessimistic (negative)
• Depressed
• Ignores/denies problems
• Runs from conflict
• Can not accept change
• Close minded
• Lets stress control life
• Needs to “run” the group
Presentation: What does mental health mean? - 1
• “What is mental health?” is fundamentally personal and subjective.

• a sense of internal well-being
• feeling in line with one’s own beliefs and values
• feeling at peace with oneself
• feeling positive and optimistic about life.
53
• Misunderstandings to be avoided :
• Mental health is equivalent to the absence of a mental health condition or disability.
• Mental health can be objectively defined.
• There are specific standards or criteria to determine what good mental health is.
54
• Imposing a definition or standards of good mental health that apply to everybody is

problematic.
• It may be used to impose beliefs, values and social norms on others and/or to single out people
who do not conform to certain dominant beliefs, values, social norms.
• Can lead to exclusion, discrimination, medicalization of behaviours “abnormal”.
• Such beliefs, values and norms may include, e.g. that people with good mental health should be
able to work, to get married and have a family, to deal with high pressure and to perform in a
competitive work environment.
• These types of standard are often linked to social expectations regarding gender or social roles.
55
Presentation: What does mental health mean? – 4
Mental health and diagnosis (a)
• As medical terms, “mental health diagnosis”, “psychiatric diagnosis” or “diagnosis of a mental
disorder” are used to describe patterns of experiences and behaviours that may cause distress
and/or be seen as difficult to understand.
• They imply that what people experience are symptoms of a medical condition or illness.
56
Mental health and diagnosis (b)
● Some people may find it useful to be diagnosed because it provides an explanation to their
problems.
● Others find diagnoses stigmatizing because they imply that there is something wrong with the
brain.
● Diagnoses are based on a judgement about what is “normal” behaviour - some people receive
a psychiatric diagnosis because their behaviour is not accepted in their society or culture.
● Some people may also find that the diagnosis they are given has a more negative impact on
their life and well-being than their distress or experiences do
57
Mental health and diagnosis (c)
People choose alternative ways of thinking about their experience:

• For many people, what they experience may be the result of one or more traumatic events that
have occurred in their lives.
• People may also explain their distress as coming from, or being caused by, a difficult context or
overwhelming events.
• Others find spiritual, cultural or other meanings for their experience.
58
Mental health and diagnosis (d)
• These alternative ways of thinking may be useful to people, helping them to overcome difficult
situations or experiences.
• Despite this, people’s refusal to accept a diagnosis related to their mental health is attributed to
a “lack of insight” by many mental health and other professionals.
• People have the right to define their difficulties, distress or experiences in ways that makes
sense to them.
• They should be able to access the support they want to reach the state of mental health and
well-being to which they aspire.
59
The inter-relationship between mental health and physical health (a)
How might living with a physical disability or condition have an impact on mental health
and well-being?
60
The inter-relationship between mental health and physical health (a)
How might living with a physical disability or condition have an impact on mental health
and well-being?
61
The inter-relationship between mental health and physical health (b)
• While people with physical disabilities may face same mental health challenges as everyone
else, they often find it more difficult to access support.
• Many service providers assume that a person’s distress is caused by their physical disability
• Yet stresses related to work, relationships, life events and so on also affect persons with
physical disabilities.
• Service providers may acknowledge mental health challenges but may not believe that they
have the skills to support the person.
• It is important that services give the same attention and support to the needs of people with
physical disabilities as they do to the needs of others.
62
What is a mental illness?
Patterns of _______ or behavior, that cause a person significant _______
pain or prevents normal functioning.
(Illness: a disease or period of sickness affecting the body or mind.)
General Causes of Mental Ilnesses
• Inherited traits
• Negative life experiences (traumatic)
• Environmental exposures before birth

• Viruses, toxins, alcohol or drugs
• Brain chemistry
• Hormonal imbalances
#: Multiple Personality Disorder
(Dissociative Identity Disorder)
• Two or more separate identities or personality traits
• Ability to control individual’s behavior and thinking
• Create alters to distance themselves from pain and trauma
#: Anxiety
• Someone experiencing anxiety suffers from severe panic attacks and
fear in high stress events.
#: Phobia
• An extreme, irrational fear of an object or situation.
#: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD)
Combination of problems, such as difficulty sustaining attention,
hyperactivity and impulsive behavior
• Often diagnosed before the age of 7

• As early as 2 or 3 years old
• Chronic interference in more than 1 setting

• Home life, school work, sports/activities
Signs & Symptoms
Inattentive Hyperactive/Impulsive
• Fails to pay close attention • Fidgets or squirms frequently
to details
• Often leaves seat
• Make careless mistakes
• Always seems on the go
• Trouble keeping attention
• Talks excessively or blurts out
answers
• Difficulty following through
on instructions
• Difficulty waiting turn
• Problems organizing tasks or
activities • Interrupts conversations
#: Addiction
A physical or psychological craving need for higher and higher doses of
a substance that leads to bodily harm, social maladjustment, or
economic hardship; dependence on a substance, habit, or behavior.
, or behavior
Facts & Statistics
From: Methodist Hospital Eating Disorder Institute
• 90% of women in America are unhappy with their bodies & think they need to
lose weight.
• 75% of men are unhappy with their body & feel they need to trim fat & increase
muscle.
• Average women in U.S.: 5’4” & 144 lbs.
• Average women in media: 5’11” & a whopping 110 lbs.
• Between 98-99% of reducing diets fail to produce permanent weight loss.
• 7 million women and 1 million men and children suffer with an eating disorder.
Up to 22% will die!
#Depression
• Emotional disorders primarily involving sadness, dependency and

depression
• Dejection, hopelessness, inability to feel pleasure or to take interest
• Needs medical attention
Depression:
“JUST SNAP OUT OF IT!”

Snapping out of depression is as likely
as talking yourself out of a heart
attack.
➢ Depression is a serious illness that needs medical
attention.
➢ If someone is experiencing mild depression for 2
weeks, they should seek help.
➢ Left untreated, depression can lead to suicide.
Fortunately, depression can be treated and lives
saved when symptoms are recognized.
Depression Symptoms
• Withdrawal from family and friends
• Drop in grades
• Change in eating & sleeping patterns
• Large weight gain or loss
• Unresolved grief over a loss
• Substance use
• Difficulty concentrating, remembering or making decision irritability
or angry outburst
12(a): Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
• Depression that only occurs during the fall and winter months
• Oversleeping/difficulty staying awake
• Fatigue
• Social withdrawal
• Inability to cope
# Bipolar Disorder
aka: Manic Depression
Depressive Symptoms: Manic Symptoms:

• Loss of energy • Severe changes in mood
• Feelings of worthlessness • Increased energy
• Decreased need for sleep
• Difficulty concentrating
• Increased talking (too fast or
• Insomnia too much)
• Loss of interest • Disregard of risk
• Recurrent thoughts of • Overly-inflated self-esteem
death or suicide
Exercise 1.1: What helps you to enjoy mental health and
well-being? - 1
What helps you to feel mentally and emotionally well?
80
Exercise 1.1: What helps you to enjoy mental health and
well-being? -2
• Having
hope about
life and the
Purpose in life • Having a sense of
future
belonging
• Having the
Attitudes about Relationships with • Emotional
• Having positive desire to
self others attachment to
self- live a
family and friends
esteem/having fulfilling life
confidence/being
happy with who I
am/ feeling
empowered to Having control Mental health
over one’s life and well-
speak my opinion • Engaging in
• Having self- being activities that are
respect • Being able to Engagement personally
shape one’s life rewarding
and recovery • Food and water • Having work
• Having a say in my • Shelter satisfaction
community’s • Clothing
decisions Basic needs
• Healthcare
• Feeling that ones’ • Financial security
wishes are listened • Education
to and respected
81
Presentation: Protecting and promoting mental health
and well-being -1
What can negatively affect mental health and well-being? (a)
What are some factors that can negatively impact, or act as a barrier to, mental health
and well-being?
82
and well-being -2
What can negatively affect mental health and well-being? (b)
• Mental health and well-being are influenced by many factors, both within our control and
beyond it. Social factors are crucial to mental health and well-being.
83
and well-being -3
What can negatively affect mental health and well-being? (c)
• Poverty: Not having enough income to provide for basic necessities
• Inequality: Disparities and inequalities between different groups negatively affect mental health
and well-being.
• Social isolation and loneliness: People living in communities that are not inclusive experience
marginalization and exclusion.
• Low levels of education: reduces opportunities for full and active participation in society
• Rapid social change: influences societal values, beliefs and behaviours, and can affect our well-
being and the way we live.
84
and well-being - 4
What can negatively affect mental health and well-being? (d)
• Emergencies: People often face difficult situations which negatively impact them and have long-lasting
effects.
• Stressful work conditions: Excessive demands, lack of support and encouragement, and health hazards
can make a person feel vulnerable and unable to cope.
• Discrimination and other human rights violations: has a negative impact on a person’s feelings of self-
worth, confidence, control over their life and hope for the future.
• Violence and abuse: Important negative psychological impacts of violence and abuse.
• Physical health conditions: Can present everyday barriers and challenges.
• Inexistent or inadequate services or support: Inadequate services may worsen these problems and cause
further human rights violations.
85
and well-being - 5
What can negatively affect mental health and well-being? (e)
• These factors can interact to affect mental health and well-being differently in different groups
of people.
• It is often the stigma, negative attitudes, discrimination and other human rights violations which
have the most negative impact.
• Human rights instruments aim to protect people from the factors described above.
86
and well-being - 6
The right to health as a human right (a)
• The right to health is enshrined in international human rights treaties and national constitutions.
• Was first articulated in WHO’s Constitution in 1946
“The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human
being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition.”
• The right to health is in UN instruments and treaties (eg. UDHR, ICCPR, ICESCR).
To enable achievement of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, governments need
to ensure that health services, including mental health services, are available, accessible, acceptable and of
good quality .
• The right to health is also included in article 25 of the CRPD
The right to health means inclusive health – governments have duty to ensure that all people can live in
optimal physical and mental health and that no-one is excluded on the basis of their disability
87
and well-being - 7
The right to health as a human right (b)
• The enjoyment of the right to health is linked to all the other human rights:
• E.g. to be able to enjoy the right to health, people need to be free from exploitation,
violence and abuses, to an adequate standard of living and social protection.
• Conversely, human rights violations have a huge negative impact on mental health:
• If people experience exploitation, violence and abuse, they are more likely to experience
emotional distress.
• Poor living conditions, discrimination and no access to social protection can also have a
negative impact on people’s mental health.
88
and well-being - 8
The right to health as a human right (c)
• Inclusive health overview, Special Olympics [3:17.] https://youtu.be/CDGpKMgKWbU
89
and well-being - 9
Fostering mental health and well-being
• Create environments and living conditions that can contribute to good mental health and well-
being.
• We can all play a role in promoting people’s mental health and well-being.
• treat others with dignity and respect, provide emotional support, connect people to supports
• advocate for better environments and improved living conditions, fight poverty and social
injustice
• Services also have an important role and responsibility to ensure that they provide quality care
and support on the basis of free and informed consent.
• This will promote community inclusion, autonomy and respect for the will and preferences of
the person.
• Institutional care is not compatible with the right to health.
• The CRPD calls for professionals to use their knowledge, ability and skills to create, develop and
strengthen quality services.
90
Topic 3: What is recovery?
91
Exercise 3.1: Feeling better - 3
Recovering identity Relationships
• Research based in • Confidence • Friendships
Scotland has found • Hope and optimism • Supportive family relationships
that important factors • Self-acceptance, responsibility, belief and esteem • Intimate relationships (i.e. partner)
• Self-efficacy • Parenting
on the road to • Self-awareness • Peers
recovery include the • Going beyond the label • Pets
following: • Reclaiming power and self-determination • Service professional
• Belonging – cultural, social and community identity • Mutual trust and recognition
• Activism • Hopeful relationships
• Spirituality
• Coping
• Taking control
Engagement and finding meaning and purpose Services and supports
• Being valued • Feeling informed and in control
• Engaging in meaningful roles • Continuity and flexibility
• Volunteering, employment, career and education • Treatments and therapies
• Learning about self and condition • Security
• Community and social engagement • Peer support
• Communities and housing • Relationships, attitudes and power
• Exercise and creativity • Housing and community supports
• Other people’s experiences • Financial security
92
Presentation: Recovery – 5
Barriers to recovery (b)
Barriers to recovery may include: • Not knowing or being informed of one’s rights.
• Lack of a sense of identity, self-respect, hope. • Not being allowed or trusted to make decisions for
yourself any longer.
• Mistreatment, neglect, abuse or trauma.
• Poverty. • Feeling that one’s opinion is not respected by
others (mental health and other practitioners,
• Lack of educational, income-generating, social and families, others).
other opportunities.
• Others defining what they see as recovery or
• Being excluded from family, friends, social/support success (e.g. others around us having low
networks and one’s community. expectations or excessively high expectations
• Feelings of isolation and lack of support. about our recovery).
• Experiencing stigma and discrimination. • Lack of available/accessible/affordable/acceptable
mental health and social services and/or
• Staff or families’ lack of belief in people’s ability to alternatives.
get better and claim and reclaim their lives.
93
Modulue-2
Associate Professor
[email protected]
Module-2Building of healthy lifestyles for better future:
➢ Developing a healthy diet for good health,
➢ Food and health,
➢ Nutritional guidelines for good health and well beingness,
➢ Obesity and overweight disorders and its management,
➢ Eating disorders –
➢ proper exercises for its maintenance (Physical activities for health),
➢ Fitness components for health,
➢ Wellness and physical function,
A balanced diet
A balanced diet is based on the Eatwell
Guide.
An unbalanced diet can lead to dietary
related diseases.
Malnutrition
➢ Having intakes of energy and/or nutrients below or in excess of needs for long
periods of time can affect health. This is called malnutrition.
➢ Severe under nutrition (having an intake of energy and/or nutrients below what is
needed) is rare in the United Kingdom, but can be common in some developing
countries. However, under nutrition does occur in the UK, e.g. micronutrient
deficiencies.
➢ Children suffer the effects of starvation (not enough food) more quickly than adults.
The risk of malnutrition is increased by:
• Increased requirements for some nutrients;

• Restricted range of foods;
• Reduction in available income;
• Very low income;
• Medical conditions;
• Psychological conditions.
Undernutrition
➢ Worldwide, Kwashiorkor and marasmus are two common diseases caused by a lack of protein and
energy.
➢ Fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K) and minerals are stored in the body so it takes time for
deficiency diseases to develop.
➢ Water soluble vitamins are not stored in the body so low intakes usually lead to signs of deficiency
relatively quickly.
Over nutrition
➢ Over nutrition is a problem usually associated with developed countries, such
as the United Kingdom.
➢ The most common over nutrition problem is obesity caused by too much
energy being consumed, or high levels of inactivity.
Eight tips for healthy eating
These eight practical tips cover the
basics of healthy eating, and can help 4. Cut down on saturated fat and
you make healthier choices.
sugar
1. Base your meals on starchy 5. Eat less salt
carbohydrates 6. Get active and be a healthy weight
2. Eat lots of fruit and veg 7. Don’t get thirsty
3. Eat more fish – including a portion of 8. Don’t skip breakfast
oily fish
1. Base your meals on starchy
carbohydrates
Starchy carbohydrate foods include potatoes, bread, pasta,
rice and noodles. Where possible, it is recommended you
choose wholegrain or higher fibre versions with less added fat,
salt and sugar.
Starchy foods provide energy (calories), as well as dietary

fibre, calcium, iron and B vitamins.
Did you know?
Starchy carbohydrate foods contain fewer than half the calories

of fats per gram.
1. Base your meals on starchy
carbohydrates
Most people need to eat more of these types of foods,
especially those high in fibre, so try to include an item from
this group in each of your main meals.
Can you think of some ideas?
Breakfast – porridge or wholegrain cereals.

Lunch –sandwich made with wholemeal bread, jacket potato
or wholegrain rice salad.
Dinner – pasta, potatoes or rice with your evening meal.
2. Eats lots of fruit and veg
Try to eat at least 5 portions of a variety of fruit and vegetables
every day (5 A DAY).
Fruit and vegetables provide a range of nutrients, including

vitamins and minerals, such as folate, vitamin C, potassium and
dietary fibre.
2. Eats lots of fruit and veg
Fresh, frozen, canned, dried and juiced fruit and vegetables all count.
Potatoes do not count towards 5 A DAY as they are a starchy food.
What is a portion?
One adult portion of fruit or vegetables is 80g.
Young children may need less depending on their age and size. As a
rough guide, one portion is the amount they can fit in the palm of their
hand.
What is a portion?
3 heaped
I medium 15ml
or 7 strawberries
spoons
7 cherry 3 heaped 15ml 2 spears of
1 heaped 15ml
tomatoes spoons broccoli
spoon
1 x 150ml 3 heaped
1 apple 2 kiwi fruits 15ml spoons 1 slice
glass 3 heaped
15ml spoons
Did you know?
Only one glass of fruit juice and smoothie counts towards our 5 A DAY,
no matter how much we drink. This is because much of the fibre is lost
through juicing.
Fruit juice and smoothies are also a source of free sugars and so you
should, therefore, limit consumption to no more than a combined total
of 150ml per day.
Our free sugar intake should not exceed 5% of total dietary energy
however at the moment on average we are exceeding this amount.
4. Cut down on saturated fat and
sugar
We all need some fat in our diet, but it is important to get the right
type and amount.
There are two main types of fat: saturated and unsaturated.

Eating too much saturated fat can increase blood cholesterol levels
which can increase the chance of developing heart disease.
Saturated fat is found in many foods, such as hard cheese, cakes,

biscuits, pies, pastry, cream and butter.
5. Eat less salt
Maintaining a normal blood pressure is important for health.
Eating too much salt may raise blood pressure and lead to stroke and heart
disease.
Most of our salt intake comes from processed foods rather than salt added
during cooking or at the table, so it is recommended to always check food
labels for the salt content.
Adults should eat no more than 6g of salt each day, children under 11 years
should eat less.
You can use food labels to help you cut down. When comparing foods, a high
salt content is more than 1.5g salt per 100g of food and low is 0.3g salt or
less per 100g.
6. Get active and be a healthy
weight
To achieve a healthy weight, we need to balance the energy from food and
drinks with the energy we use up through activity.
Being active can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease and
stroke and help maintain a healthy weight.
Being overweight or obese can lead to health conditions such as type 2
diabetes, some cancers, heart disease and stroke.
Being underweight could also affect our health.
Young people should do at least 60 minutes of physical activity of
moderate to vigorous intensity every day.
Adults should aim to be active daily and achieve at least 150 minutes of
physical activity of moderate intensity every week and perform strength
exercises on two or more days a week that work all the major muscles.
6. Get active and be a healthy weight
Active living, e.g. Active recreation, Organised sport,

brisk walking, e.g. playing, e.g. basketball,
gardening, using dancing, cycling, netball, running,
the stairs. skateboarding. gymnastics.
7. Don’t get thirsty
Around two-thirds of the body are made up of water. We lose
water throughout the day when we breathe, sweat and use
the toilet.
When our bodies do not have enough water, we are said to be

dehydrated. We need to drink around 6-8 glasses of fluid
every day to stop us getting dehydrated. More when the
weather is hot or when we are active.
Apart from water, most drinks count towards your fluid intake
– but not alcohol.
7. Don’t get thirsty
Did you know?
Common signs of dehydration are: • not passing much urine when you go
to the toilet;
• thirst;
• headaches;
• dark-coloured urine;
•feeling lightheaded.
• lack of energy;
8. Don’t skip breakfast
Eating breakfast provides us with energy as well
as some important nutrients that we need for
good health.
Breakfast can help to increase concentration and

alertness during the morning.
For example, a healthy breakfast of wholegrain

breakfast cereal or a slice of toast with low fat
spread and a glass of fruit juice, will give our
bodies the energy and nutrients we need to start
the day.
Physical activity
If a person regularly consumes more energy from food and drink than they need, they will start to gain
weight, eventually becoming overweight. For example, energy in > energy out.
Extra energy from food and drink is stored in the body as fat. There are a range of weights which are
considered healthy for a given height. These can be calculated by calculating BMI (Body Mass Index).
weight (kg)
BMI =
height (m) x height (m)
Body Mass Index (BMI)
The chance of suffering from CHD is affected by
many factors. These are called risk factors. • Factors that increase the risk of CHD also
Factors that increase the risk of CHD include being: include having:
• male; • a family history of CHD;
• older; • high blood cholesterol level;
• high blood pressure;
• a cigarette smoker; • high intake of saturated fats;
• overweight; • diabetes.
• inactive;
• stressed.

Scientific Foundations of Health

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Scientific Foundations of Health

Health is a state of body. Wellness is a state of being.”

• Globalization has brought in a clear shift from education as

That means focus will have to be on

Vision, Mission and PEOs Academic Support Units

Programme Curriculum Governance, Institutional

Facilities and Technical Support

• Feedback format for collecting data from stakeholders

• POs are statements about the knowledge, skills and

5. Modern Tool Usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques,

➢ Process of infections and reasons for it,

Healthy Lean Ground Beef

•What are some decisions you have made as

• Able to meet the • Copes/adapts with change

• “What is mental health?” is fundamentally personal and subjective.

• Imposing a definition or standards of good mental health that apply to everybody is

People choose alternative ways of thinking about their experience:

(Illness: a disease or period of sickness affecting the body or mind.)

• Negative life experiences (traumatic)

• Environmental exposures before birth

• Often diagnosed before the age of 7

• Chronic interference in more than 1 setting

• Emotional disorders primarily involving sadness, dependency and

• Dejection, hopelessness, inability to feel pleasure or to take interest

• Needs medical attention

“JUST SNAP OUT OF IT!”

Depressive Symptoms: Manic Symptoms:

What helps you to feel mentally and emotionally well?

The risk of malnutrition is increased by:

• Increased requirements for some nutrients;

Starchy foods provide energy (calories), as well as dietary

Did you know?

Starchy carbohydrate foods contain fewer than half the calories

Can you think of some ideas?

Breakfast – porridge or wholegrain cereals.

Fruit and vegetables provide a range of nutrients, including

There are two main types of fat: saturated and unsaturated.

Saturated fat is found in many foods, such as hard cheese, cakes,

Active living, e.g. Active recreation, Organised sport,

When our bodies do not have enough water, we are said to be

Did you know?

Breakfast can help to increase concentration and

For example, a healthy breakfast of wholegrain

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