ORAL

COMMUNICATION

MODULE
TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES

Since engaging in conversation is also bound by implicit rules. Cohen (1990) states that
strategies must be used to start and maintain a conversation.

A. NOMINATION
 A speaker carries out nomination to collaboratively and productively establish a topic.
 EXAMPLE: “Do you have anything to say?”; “I think Gian has an Idea.”
B. RESTRICTION
 Restriction in communication refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker.
 Constrains the person’s response in the communication process.
 EXAMPLE: In your class, you might be asked by your teacher to brainstorm on the life
of student. When you were asked to deliver a speech.
C. TURN TAKING
 Turn taking pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the
conversational floor.
 Speakers speak only when it is his/her turn in interaction. It uses either an informal
approach where in the speaker jumps in the topic or a formal approach where the
speaker is given permission to speak.
 EXAMPLE: “Can we all listen to the one who talk in front of us?”, “Excuse me, I think
we should speak one at a time.”
D. TOPIC CONTROL
 Topic Control covers how procedural formality and informality affects the
development of topics in conversation.
 It is used to maintain conversation, prevents unnecessary discussion and avoids topic
shifting.
 EXAMPLE: “This might not be the best venue for such a discussion.”, “Perhaps that is
an issue for another discussion.”
E. TOPIC SHIFTING
 Topic shifting, as the name suggests, involves moving from one topic to another.
 Useful in introducing another topic, this strategy is used best when there is a follow-
through so that new topic is continually being discussed.
 EXAMPLE: “By the way guys, thank you for all your greetings”, Well, in other news…,
By the way…, Since you mentioned that…, I know this is off-topic, but I have to
ask/say…, Before I forget
F. REPAIR
 Repair refers to how speaker address the problems in speaking, listening, and
comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation.
 A good way to correcting oneself and others if they committed a mistake
 EXAMPLE: “Excuse me; there are 5 functions of communication not 4.
G. TERMINATION
 Termination refers to the conversation participants’ close- initiating expressions that end
a topic in a conversation.
 Ends the interaction through verbal and non-verbal messages that both speaker and
listener send to each other. Sometimes, it is quick and short or prolonged by questions or
clarifications.
 EXAMPLE: “It was nice meeting you, bye.”, “That’s all for today class, have a nice
day!”

Our voice is powerful that we can make a person laugh, be glad and be happy. Our words
can inspire them and motivate them to be better. Our voice and our words might save someone.

TYPES OF SPEECH ACCORDING TO PURPOSE:

 INFORMATIVE/EXPOSITORY SPEECH
 It gives factual information and the content has to be carefully researched, planned, and
organized.
 Aims to know more about the topic. It is designed to enlighten or to instruct.
 The main objective of this speech is to simply inform the audience where the speaker relays
knowledge to an audience on a specific topic.
EXAMPLES:
 A teacher discusses earthquakes in the classroom
 A computer programmer conducts a lecture about a new software
 A scientist deliberates his new invention
PERSUASIVE SPEECH
 It is considered as the most challenging of the three types of speech according to purpose.
 It aims to change the attitude and beliefs of the listener on topics and issues and to incite the
listener to do a recommended course of action.
 It is the motivational and influential type of speech which aims to influence the judgement,
decision and perspective of listeners on a certain topic.
 The speaker’s goal is to persuade the listeners to accept his stands and have the same belief
as his.
EXAMPLES:
 A motivational speech in improving someone's health through better eating
 The guidance counselor speaks about optimistic way of thinking in the new normal
 The advertisements on the television is greatly influencing the 21st century learners
ENTERTAINMENT SPEECH
 The listener is not obliged to remember the information nor follow the course of action.
 The listener then only has to sit back and enjoy the information received from the speaker.
 It is characterized by lightness in tone, good humor, and fun. It may come in a form of an
after dinner speech or a toast of a well-known personality.
 This type of speech doesn’t put pressure on anyone; the speaker’s goal is to make the
audience feel relaxed, calm and happy.
EXAMPLES:
 You and your best friend say hilarious things about yourselves and you laugh them
 Alex Gonzaga and other artists speak about funny things in their vlogs.
 An accountant says jokes just to break the ice in the seminar he attended.
TYPES OF SPEECH ACCORDING TO DELIVERY

Words don’t usually come out of our mouths by chance, but by choice. How we connect
with others begins with a what (purpose or choice), and comes into process with
a how (delivery). Speech Delivery refers to the expression in words of your messages, ideas,
thoughts, and feelings.

There are four types of speech according to manner of delivery: read, memorized,
extemporaneous, and impromptu.

These types may also be classified according to amount of preparation: Read and
memorized (ample time to prepare), Extemporaneous and impromptu (least time or no time
at all)

TYPES OF SPEECH ACCORDING TO DELIVERY

1. Reading from a Manuscript/ Read Speech
In this type of delivery, the speaker reads his/her speech from a manuscript prepared by the
speaker or somebody else commissioned to write it.
Take note that in a read speech, the speaker or the person commissioned to write the speech
will be given ample time to write the speech and rehearse it. Even though it is read, speaker still
needs connect with the audience, thus needs time to prepare.
Examples of speeches delivered through reading a manuscript are:
State of the Nation Address, Keynote speech on conventions, technical paper presentation, etc.
2. Memorized Speech
A memorized speech is delivered without the aid of prepared text or notes and is committed
to memory.
Speech is written in advance by the speaker or by the person commissioned to write it.
Therefore, just like the read speech, it needs enough time for preparation.
There are some similarities between Read Speech and Memorized Speech: (1) Both are
organized and written down word for word and useful for exactness of information, (2) written
language tends to be more formal, so when writing the speech, read aloud to make sure the
language is suitable; and (3) a written text meant as a speech can be delivered as read or
memorized.
Some examples are declamation and oration pieces, speech choir, and speeches delivered for
award acceptances.
3. Extemporaneous Speech
Speaker has a short time to prepare and he/she typically delivers his/her speech with the help
of notes which shows an outline of the speech.
It is delivered by speakers who have expert knowledge on the topic
In an extemporaneous speech, speakers may or may not use an outline of notes, unlike in a
read speech in which the speaker has a full manuscript of the speech. Speakers may opt to follow
their notes word by word or alter it as they deliver the speech.
Common examples delivered extemporaneously are: class discussions, group presentations,
and job meetings
4. Impromptu Speech
Delivered on the spur of the moment
Speaker is given no formal preparation beforehand usually short and casual, should not be
wordy or repetitive in an attempt to lengthen speech
Some situations make use of both extemporaneous and impromptu speech. One example is
debate, in which speakers are given a short time to construct their speech with the use of their
outline. But, as they defend the points raised by the opposing teams on the spot, speakers make
use of the impromptu speech.
Examples of this type of speech include: job interviews, open forums, occasions (weddings,
 parties, etc.)
SPEECH WRITING
Writing has always been a medieval way to express one's self. But have you ever
wondered how marvelous when what has been written is addressed before an audience? Yes!
Most great speeches must, by and large, be written properly, accurately, interestingly, and
powerfully.
WORLD'S PROMINENT SPEAKERS:
 CICERO (106 BC- 43 BC)
 Martin Luther King (1929-1968)
 Miriam Defensor Santiago (1945- 2016)

PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING

1. Analyzing Who The Audience Are/ Audience Profile

Put in mind that the audience is the recipient of your message and they are the very first
ones to be taken note: getting to know the intended spectators are. Know their interests and
background
In this way, the speaker can assign personalized ideas that can capture relevance in the
audience’s side. The following must also be put to consideration:
A. know their age and educational background.
B. know their interest.
C. know what they already know.
2. Choosing The Topic
Largely, the audience anticipates to witness and listens to a speaker because they are
curious about what a speaker reveres to talk about. The topic must capture the interest of the
reader.
Mostly, this stage in speech writing follows the following sub steps:
A. know the AUDIENCE
B. know the OCCASION
C. know the PURPOSE
D. know YOURSELF as the speaker
3. Sourcing The Information
All information must be factual. Integrity of sources and reputation of the speaker are as
important as the message that is being delivered in a speech. A speaker may choose to rely
purely in a dignified source to form his speech or may cite some of it only and relate them to his
own thoughts to further the speech.
Support your discussion up with scientific and correct explanation. Properly referencing
your sources leads you to acknowledging the original source you have used in your speech.
Marshalling your sources
4. Outlining And Organizing The Speech Context
 Always remember the RULE OF THREE: Introduction, Body, and Conclusion
 Limiting your main points to three allows you to better organize your speech.
 A focused and well-organized speech is easy to comprehend and follow.
A. Introduction- set the tone for the speech, introduces the topic, and gets the audience’s set the
tone for the speech.
B. Body- “Heart of the Speech”
C. Conclusion- Punch line to sum-up your speech
5. Logical Organization/Speech Patterns
A very fruitful, positive, and successful speech is not only substantiated with facts but is
presented logically in styles that are not shallow but are well thought. A speaker may choose
from styles of presenting data below:
A. Chronological- when the facts are more narrative and precedence of events take place in the
end and time is a huge factor.
B. Cause and Effect- this is used when a variable of the topic caused a result that took place
because of a relationship.
C. Comparison & Contrast- discusses the ideas that are similar and different.
D. Problem & Solution- presents issues first and remedies in the end.
6. Duration/Time
Since time is a very limited commodity, it matters a lot! It depends on the coverage of the set
topic but the choice of gradual continuation of a speech must be long enough to fulfill your
speech goals but short enough to hold your audience's attention. Some speeches require speakers
to finish within allotted time. Speaking must be gradual so that you can capture the audience.
7. Word Choice
Prior engaging with the speech writing and proper, the speaker must know when to interject
jokes or informal language to avoid awkwardness. The speaker must be conscious with the
formality of the event. Often in formal speeches, vulgar and informal words are not encouraged.
The quality of words must be well-chosen. The topic, audience, and situation must also be put
into consideration in choosing words such that they are colorful, precise, and definitive.
Conventions of language: word choice, grammatical correctness
8. Grammatical Correctness
To always convey the message correctly, one must be adept in accurately using the
combinations of words. Run-on sentences, weak structures, syntactical errors, punctuation errors
are few that fall under grammatically incorrect writings. In speech, these must all be avoided to
convey, without confusion, the ideas the speaker intend to say. Although the ideas and topic are
novel and interesting if they are not enunciated well, the listeners will grapple to grasp the
meaning of the speech.

Since the advent of technological advances, many are attuned to preparing their speeches
in tablets, iPad, or electronic notes. But writing with a pen and paper really puts the magic in it
all. Be a good writer, be an effective speaker.

Is everything supposed to be spoken?

Delivery is a very important aspect of public speaking. It includes how well you use
your voice and non-verbal communication or body language. Since an audience does not directly
read the text of a speech, but simply listens to it, all the preparation of the content by the speaker
must be encoded into a complex combination of communication channels ready to be performed.

In order to achieve this as a speaker, you must be equipped with a holistic knowledge
about the different

PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY

ARTICULATION
It is related with pronunciation, which is the actual and correct way of saying words. This
involves proper stressing and accenting of syllables. To be an effective, competent, and
elegant speaker, it is essential to have an understanding of how speech sounds are produced. This
knowledge will enable a person to understand why there is a big difference as far as foreign
accents are concerned. In addition, it will also help correct one’s pronunciation problems and
produce sounds correctly. Pronounce and enunciate the words correctly, it could confuse and
distract the audience, if you mispronounce and will disrupt your credibility. Use pauses when
you emphasize the most important words, phrases or sentences. Pauses should not last for 3
seconds. Otherwise, it will result in dead air or a moment of awkward silence
MODULATION
Voice modulation is important in speech delivery for as a speaker, you need to develop
good vocal characteristics. There are several studies stating that audience typically associate
vocal characteristics with personality traits. Master your voice and find your speech level, if you
have a high pitch level, modulate or slightly move it down. If you have a low pitch level,
modulate or slightly move it up, your performance will be affected if you don’t modulate.
Remember to adjust the volume to the size of the audience and the venue. When addressing an
audience, modulate your voice in such a way that you speak loudly without sounding like
shouting or yelling.
Examples:
 Loud and Soft speakers - people who are self-sufficient, resourceful, and dynamic.
 Loud and Slow speakers - people who are aggressive, competitive, and confident.
 Soft and Fast speakers - people who are competitive enthusiastic, and benevolent.
One of the pitfalls of good communication is when the speaker fails to project and
modulate his or her voice that it becomes inaudible and difficult to understand. In order for you
to avoid this, here are some useful guidelines in adjusting the volume and projection of your
voice:
 Carry your tone or throw out your voice as far as the speech and the situation will require.
 Practice proper breath control.
 Identify your listeners and acknowledge your audience.
 Develop a very positive attitude toward speaking to an audience.
 Cultivate a sense of participation with your listeners.
 Always direct your thoughts toward the last row of listeners ensuring that your message will
reach them.
STAGE PRESENCE
It is defined as your capability and ability as a speaker to command and connect
powerfully and realistically with impressive manner and style to your audience. The success of
your speech and presentation is dependent on your ability to engage your audience as you
inspire, persuade, convince, or influence them. Start your speech by standing straight and
balancing your weight, dress up properly and appropriately. Wearing the proper attire will make
you look confident and professional. Make sure not to overdress, as this may distract your
audience.
Here are some tips on effective delivery to improve your stage presence:
 Direct eye contact with your audience to show interest in them.
 Facial expression should be on the happy side.
 Hands should be relaxed.
 Check your visual posture.
 Have appositive attitude.
 Speak with an audible voice, good diction, pronunciation, and enunciation.
 Deliver your speech with aplomb.
FACIAL EXPRESSIONS/GESTURES/MOVEMENTS
The manner you speak, move and look at the audience is an area of nonverbal
communication over which you have a great deal of control. Body movements range from large
emotions such as posture, walking, and gesturing, to every small movement such as raising an
eyebrow. Avoid having a poker face or a highly animated face; they may appear distracting or
annoying. Just smile, make sure the meaning of the speech is manifested in your facial
expression.
FUNCTIONS OF GESTURES:
EMBLEMS
 These gestures stand for words and ideas.
Examples:
Holding up a hand to ask audience to be quiet
Putting forefinger to your lips in a “sh-h-h-h-h” gesture to keep quiet
ILLUSTRATORS
 These are gestures that simply illustrate or add emphasis to your words. These serve the
following functions:
 Accent words and phrases
 Show spatial relationships
 Point to objects
ADOPTORS
  These are used to alert your audience of your audience of your nervousness because they
are evidence of stress or fear.
Examples:
 Self adoptors: fidgeting with hair, licking your lips, scratching face, rubbing hands
 Object adoptors: touching things like jingling keys or coins in the pocket, pulling necklace
or earrings, twisting a ring, or tapping a pen.
 Alter-adoptors: folding arms across chest during intense questioning

RAPPORT WITH THE AUDIENCE

An effective speaker is someone who establishes rapport or relationship and connection

with his audience. One way of establishing rapport with audience is through eye contact. Eye
contact also communicates friendliness. In interpersonal relationships for instance, one person
who avoids the other’s gaze signals a lack of interest in developing a relationship. Speech
communication is more than just standing in front of an audience and talking to them;
acknowledge your audience before and after your speech, make them feel special by
complementing and acknowledging them. Look the audience in the eye to make sure they are
part of the speech, eye contact should be maintained to keep the attention of your audience and to
enhance your delivery, use a conversational style often which is more natural. It is the style that
you always use when you express yourself with your family and friends, audience and members
do not like the speaker to sound unnatural and overexagerrated

Here are 10 ways to build rapport and engage your audience.

1. Put your audience first.

The key to rapport is getting to know as much as possible about your audience before you
start preparing your speech or presentation. With limited time for your talk, there are always
choices to be made, so the more you know, the better you can tailor your technical content and
examples to meet your audience’s needs and expectations.
2. Find opportunities for humor
Knowledge of your audience gives you the chance to find opportunities for humor. It is
one of the oldest rapport building techniques. We warm to people who make us laugh. It is also a
way of showing that you are ‘one of them’.
3. Allow for flexibility in your content
Write a speech that will take approximately 80 percent of the time you have been
allocated, then, arrive early and talk to as many people as possible. In that way, you may pick up
stories, examples that you can refer to in your presentation. The ability to flex your speech in this
way shows a genuine responsiveness to your audience which will be appreciated.
4. First impression count
As a speaker, you are on show from the moment you start meeting your audience:
walking into the conference hotel, the boardroom at work, stepping onto the podium. Dress
appropriately and be in the mental and physical state, which communicates a positive attitude
and energy to your audience. If you look as if you are interested and eager to speak to them, you
are well on your way to establishing rapport.
5. Have a strong opening
If you are at a formal event, write the introduction you want the emcee to give. You want
people to hear information that builds your credibility/authority with this particular audience.
This is an essential part of rapport. If audience members fell that they are in good hands, they
will relax and give attention. Next, find an opening that will grab the attention and engage your
audience as quickly as possible.
6. Manage the middle
If you are giving a long talk, you need to maintain and peak the audience’s interest at key
points in your speech. A humorous twist can do this. You can also build up your key arguments
to shocking, or unexpectedly positive conclusions.
7. Use stories for emotional connection
Rapport depends on emotional connection and stories are a highly effective way to
achieve this. “Make a point. Tell a story. Tell a story. Make a point,” is the public speaking
mantra. Evidence shows that even if we grasp the facts, we are more likely to remember the story
that illustrates it when we go back to our desks.
8. Use your voice with variety
Varying the pace and volume at which you speak can add to the impact of your
presentation. If you are telling a story about a fast-paced environment, pick up your pace. If you
are giving a piece of complex information, slow down and let people absorb it. If your voice
matches your content, it will be more engaging.

9. Give the audience time

If you say something funny, let everyone laugh and enjoy the moment. If you have said
something with strong emotion, give time for it to be absorbed. If you rush on to make your
Next point, you signal that your needs are most important. By pausing, you show you are there
for them.
10. Have a strong ending
Craft a clear, concise summary of your key message to end on. You may have a call to
action, which should be specific so that people leave knowing exactly what they need to do. In
that way, your ideas will stay with them.

To communicate competently, you need motivation as well as knowledge and skills that
fit your personality and the social setting. Most people want to leave a positive rather than a
negative impression of themselves. To gain confidence in your delivery, you can learn to
understand and make competent choices about your nonverbal messages as well as your
verbal ones. Speech is power; speech is to convey, to persuade, to convey and to compel

KOREAN LANGUAGE
BRIEF BACKGROUND OF KOREA

Korea is a diverse country with a rich history and a deep culture that has grown beyond
the influence of its nearest neighbors to become a must-see destination in the world.

It is a small peninsula located between China and Japan. As a result of the Allied victory
in World War II in 1945, Korea was divided into two sovereign states with different political
ideologies: the Republic of Korea to the south and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to
the north. This ended Japan’s 35-year rule of Korea.

LANGUAGE

Hangul is the name of the Korean alphabet. Although the spelling, alphabet and
vocabulary differ slightly between the two countries, Korean is the official language of both
South Korea and North Korea. Linguists believe the Korean language is a member of the Altaic
family of languages, which originated in northern Asia.

There are five major dialects in South Korea and one in North Korea. Despite differences
in the dialects, speakers from different areas can understand each other.

The Korean alphabet is easy to learn and Korea enjoys one of the highest literacy rates in
the world.

In addition, here are some facts about the culture of Korea which you must remember
especially when you plan to visit the country.
 CULTURE FACTS
 In Korea the family name comes before the given name. It is impolite to address someone by
their given name unless invited to do so.
 It is not polite to smile at someone - instead people are often greeted with a stern face, which
is opposite to their friendly personalities.
 In Korea women are not supposed to shake hands with a western man. The traditional
greeting is a bow.
 It is considered a violation to touch someone unless you are a close friend or relative.
 Passing an object or receiving an object should always be done with two hands or with the
right hand only.
 It is rude in Korea to stretch one's legs in front of themselves or to cross one's legs.
 In Korean culture it is rude to accept a compliment. It should always be denied.
 Kimchi is a popular traditional Korean food made from fermented cabbage. It is eaten at
most meals and as an ingredient for other dishes. Most consume about 40 pounds of kimchi
each year and making kimchi is considered a test of a housewife's skills.
 The national drink in South Korea is soju, which is a clear drink similar to vodka. The
traditional Korean 'cheers' is 'geonbae'.
 Rice was commonly consumed at every meal in South Korea culture but as it becomes more
western some people start their day with eggs and toast instead.
 In South Korea it is still common to eat one's meal while sitting on the floor, with chopsticks
and/or a spoon.
 In South Korea popular music is called K-pop.
 In South Korea marriages can occur because of love, or they can be arranged by family,
friends, or matchmakers.
 In Korean culture aging parents traditionally depend on their children for their care.
 Religion in South Korea is freely practiced regardless if someone is Buddhist, Catholicism,
Islamic, or Protestant.
 New Year's Day and Ch'usok (harvest celebrations) are the most important national holidays.

OTHER INTERESTING FACTS

Everyone in Korea gets 1 year older on New Year’s Day
Following on from the aforementioned East Asian age reckoning system, Korean people get 1
year older at the start of a new year. This means that everyone celebrates their birthday at the
same time. Of course, people still have their actual birthdays, too, but when calculating their age,
Koreans all get older on New Year’s Day. That means that a baby born on December 31st is 2
years old by January 1st! They grow up so fast.
The World’s 6th Tallest Building is in Seoul
Currently the world’s 6th tallest building. This monumental skyscraper in Jamsil was completed
in 2017 and stands at an impressive 556 metres high. On the 117th to 123rd floors of the Lotte
World Tower is the Seoul Sky Observatory, where you can enjoy incredible 360 degree views of
Seoul and the Han River below. Outside the Lotte World tower is another famous Lotte-owned
attraction – Lotte World Theme Park, a wonderful place for family fun days out in the capital.
The World’s Largest Department Store is in Korea
Korea also has the world’s largest department store, which is the Shinsegae Department
Store in Centum City in Busan. Built in 2009, it stole the crown of world’s largest department
store from Macy’s in New York. The luxurious department store spreads over nearly 5,500,000
million square feet, and houses an ice skating rink, premier spa, indoor golf range, rooftop
garden, and dozens of shops, cafes, and restaurants.
 OTHERS
When Eonje
Kamusta/How are you? Jal ji net sso yo (General)
Jal ji net sso (Younger)
Jal ji net shut sso yo (Older)
Hanbeon Deo One More Time
Response to “How are you?” Jeon Gwaenchanh-ayo
Gwaencham sumnida
Thank You Kansamhamnida (Formal)
Kumawo (Informal)
Komapsumnida (Informal)
Response to “Thank You” Cheonmaneyo
Mashittge Duseyo Enjoy your Meal
Apology Mianhamnida
Jeosunghamnida
Nice to meet you Mannaseo bangawoyo (Informal)

Note: The Korean translations in the table may have another spelling or another translation. You
may download, Learn Korean Application in the play store or Appstore to learn more Korean
terms and to practice correct pronunciation of the given terms in the table.
 Being a good speaker using the English language is very important for us to transact
and communicate with others. But we have to take note that learning a new language is also
important for it provides us better opportunity. Learning a new language is not just a trend.
Some employers prefer to hire applicants who can connect to broader range of people. In
addition, knowing another language allows you to travel easier and to show respect and meet
people.

NIHONGO - JAPANESE LANGUAGE

 Globalization has accelerated nowadays. In order to sway with the emerging flow of
globalization and modernization, learning different languages is a real help. For this week's topic
you shall have a glimpse of Japan, its culture, people, and language.

BRIEF BACKGROUND OF JAPAN

Japan was settled about 35,000 years ago by Paleolithic people from the Asian mainland.
At the end of the last Ice Age, about 10,000 years ago, a culture called the Jomon developed.
Jomon hunter-gatherers fashioned fur clothing, wooden houses, and elaborate clay vessels. The
name Jomon, meaning 'cord marked' or 'patterned', comes from the style of pottery made during
that time.

The Japanese archipelago includes more than 3,000 islands, covering a total area of
377,835 square kilometers (145,883 square miles). The four main islands, from north to south,
are Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu.

SOME FACTS ABOUT JAPAN

 When Japanese people meet, they traditionally bow instead of shake hands, and the lowest
bow shows the deepest respect
 Japan is a country that has one of the world’s longest measurable histories.
 Japan also has around 1100 national treasures and 13000 items of cultural significance.
 Japan has the third longest life expectancy in the world with men living to 81 years old and
women living to almost 88 years old. The Japanese live on average four years longer than
Americans.
 The Japanese eat more fish than any other people in the world, about 17 million tons per
year.
 Over two billion manga, Japanese comic books or graphic novels, are sold in Japan each
year.
 Japan has around 5.5 million vending machines with one on almost every street corner.
 Anime, or animated Japanese films and television shows, account for 60% of the world’s
animation-based entertainment.
 It is appropriate to slurp noodles, especially soba (buckwheat), when eating in Japan.
Slurping indicates the dish is delicious. It also cools down the hot noodles.

OTHER INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT JAPAN

There Are Cues For Your Shoes

You might know that it’s polite to take your shoes off when entering someone’s home in Japan.
But it can be difficult to tell if you’re supposed to take them off in many other buildings, such as
temples, shrines, and restaurants. Fortunately, there are a few cues to look for, such as if slippers
are set around the entrance, it’s a clear indication that guests should take their outdoor shoes off
and put the slippers on instead. Additionally, if the floor is raised at the entrance, it means guests
should take their shoes off in the doorway before stepping inside and onto the raised surface.
Chopstick Positions Have Meaning
When you’re dining in Japan, it’s important to never stick your chopsticks into your food to rest
them when you’re not eating. This actually resembles a ceremony performed at funerals in Japan,
and it’s considered to be a bad omen. For the same reason, it’s also taboo to share food with
others by passing it chopsticks to chopsticks. If you want to share, use your chopsticks to place
the food on the other person’s plate.

Slurping Is A Compliment
For a country with so many strict etiquette rules, it comes as a shock to many Westerners that
slurping noodles or soups while eating is perfectly acceptable in Japan. In fact, slurping isn’t just
acceptable — it’s actually encouraged. It’s considered to be a sign that the food is delicious, and
it’s a compliment to the cook. It makes it easier to eat the noodles quickly while they’re still hot,
which is said to be the best way to appreciate their flavor. Slurping can also minimize messiness,
helping to prevent broth from spilling on your clothes as you eat.

Undeniably, the world, including the Philippines, has one way or another been influenced
by China-- its people and ways. In the Philippines alone, Chinese culture is decorated in most
Filipinos. From Tikoy delicacy to Tik-Tok App, we cannot deny that China has grown its
influence HUGELY. So for this final week of Final Term, you will be immersed with the pristine
and unique culture of China including a sort of its dominant language: MANDARIN. But let' not
forget the learning objectives for this week:

BRIEF BACKGROUND OF CHINA

 China, an ancient, mysterious and beautiful land, is always appealing to adventurous
foreign visitors. Located in Southeast Asia along the coastline of the Pacific Ocean, China is the
world's third largest country, after Russia and Canada. With an area of 9.6 million square
kilometers and a coastline of 18,000 kilometers, its shape on the map is like a rooster. One of
China's greatest treasures is her long, rich history. The first dynasty, the Xia Dynasty, dates to
about the 21st century BC. For 4,000 years, feudalism was the dominant economic and cultural
model. Then, in 1911, the revolution led by Sun Yat-sen brought the monarchy to an end. On
October 1st, 1949, PRC was founded, fully named the 'People's Republic of China'. Since
then, this country has developed independently and vigorously. Most recently, reform and
opening-up policy has energized life in this country.

LANGUAGE - 语 言
The official language of China is the Mandarin, which is the very name of 'Hanyu' or
'Putonghua', belonging to Sino-Tibetan. Putonghua is a parlance in mainland China. It is the
common language of all modern Han nationality people. In Taiwan Province and Hong Kong, it
is called 'Guoyu' while in Singapore and Malaysia, it is often called 'Huayu'. Mandarin is shaped
and based on the Beijing dialect and other dialects spoken in the northern areas of China. It is
used as a mother tongue by the most people accounting for about one fifth of the world's
population. China has many different dialects which are of great complexity. Divided into
official and non-official dialects, they vary between different areas. The official dialects
generally refer to the northern dialects, while the non-official dialects are often spoken in the
southeast part of the country.

CULTURE FACTS -文化事实

 The name 'China' is believed to have been derived from the Qin dynasty. The first emperor of
the Qin Dynasty Qin Shi Huang, who lived from 260-210 BC, unified China in 221 BC. This
Imperial period lasted until 1912 A.D.
 The Chinese civilization is believed to have begun in about 6000 B.C.
 The Chinese language is the longest continuously used language in the world.
 Chinese culture considers the number '4' to be bad luck, unlike in the Western part of the
world that considers '13' to be unlucky. Chinese elevators do not have the number '4'.
 Chinese culture considers the number '8' to be lucky.
 Traditional Chinese culture includes a variety of festivals including Chinese New Year, the
Lantern Festival, Ching Ming and Ghost Festival Month, the Dragon Boat Festival, the Moon
Festival, the Festival of the Gun Hills, and the Chau Bun Festival.Chinese New Year has
been a traditional Chinese Festival for more than 4000 years. It is meant to end the winter
season and mark the beginning of spring. Chinese New Year falls on the first day of the first
month of the Lunar Calendar. The Lunar Calendar can begin at the end of January or
beginning of February and ends with the first full moon - 15 days later.
 In Chinese culture the Chinese Zodiac determines what animal an individual is, depending on
the year one is born. There are 12 animals, each one meant to determine a person's destiny.
 In Chinese culture there are 5 elements that are meant to determine a person's luck. These
include wood, fire, earth, water, and metal.
 In Chinese culture food is important and it changes depending on the region in China that one
lives. It can be light and subtle (Northern China), to hot and spicy (Western China), spicy and
sweet (Central China), subtle flavors and seafood and soups, rice and noodles (Eastern
China), Cantonese food such as ginger and soy dishes (Southern China).
 China's most famous philosopher was Confucius (551 to 479 B.C.) whose teachings have
been used to set a moral code and religious code.
 Chinese culture determined that two basic energies - Yin and Yang - must be in balance for
good fortune. Yin and Yang is the core of many Chinese customs including medicine, Feng
Shui, and Taoism.
 OTHER INTERESTING FACTS

China owns all the giant pandas in the world

China pretty much owns every single existing giant panda out there and they are China’s legal
property loaned out to various countries. Currently, there are 1,600 pandas alive across the world
as per data given by the World Wildlife Fund in 2004. Out of those 1,600, only 350 live in zoos,
sanctuaries and breeding centers under direct human care. And out of the 350 giant pandas, only
a mere 50 can be found outside of China. As per reports, China has direct ownership over every
living giant panda around the world, even if they might have been born in another country.
The Great Wall of China was built with rice
The Great Wall of China originally acted as a barrier to protect the country from nomadic groups
and invaders. The Great Wall also regulated trade along the Silk Road, and served as a means to
monitor immigration. The great structure stands at 20 ft – 46 ft and stretches at a length of
21.19618 million m. However, most people don’t know that the bricks were held together by a
mixture of sticky rice flour and slaked lime for the Ming Dynasty section of the wall.
China holds the most out of all the tallest statues in the world
Out of the 130 largest statues in the world, China has the most at 35 statues. This is followed by
India at 25 statues. It’s no surprise that a chunk of these 130 statues depict Buddha who
originated from India and with Buddhism as one of the main religions in China. The Spring
Temple Buddha in the Lushan county of Henan, China stands at 128 m (420 ft) and is the
second-largest statue in the whole world.
 OVERVIEW
Communication is not just confined in familiar languages. Sometimes we need to go out
of our boundary, over great walls and beyond rivers to broaden our connection with others. New
language may create barriers, but with the effort of learning it, and so with its culture, it will
open a way to new friendships and careers. Learning a new language is not just a bragging
right, but a skill that can be utilized in enhancing communication by building agreements and
amending misunderstandings. Travelling is not just about connecting with beautiful places, but
about connecting with the people and their way of life.

VALUE STATEMENT:
“If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk
to him in his language, that goes to his heart.” -Nelson Mandela