1.

Study the entries in the following table and rewrite them putting
the connected items in a single row.

I II III

Mass kg Measure of inertia

Weight N Depends on height

Acceleration due to m/s2 Zero at the

gravity centre
Gravitational Nm2/kg2 Same in the entire
constant universe

2. Answer the following questions.

a. What is the difference between mass and weight of an object.

MASS (m) WEIGHT (W)

Mass is the amount of matter Weight is the force with which

present in the object. the Earth attracts the object.
Mass does not change with Weight(W) = mg. As g changes,
place. W also changes.
SI unit is kg. CGS unit is gram SI unit is newton. CGS unit is
(g). dyne.
Mass is a scalar quantity. Weight is a vector quantity.
 Will the mass and weight of an object on the earth be same as
their values on Mars? Why?
1. The mass of the object will remain same, but its weight will differ on
Mars.

2. Since mass of an object is the amount of matter present in the body, its
value remains the same on Earth and Mars.

3. Weight is the force with which the Earth attracts the object. It is given as
W = mg. As g changes, weight (W) also changes.

b. What are (i) free fall, (ii) acceleration due to gravity (iii) escape
velocity (iv) centripetal force ?

i. Free fall: When a body falls towards the Earth under the influence of the
Earth’s gravity alone, its motion is called a ‘free fall’.

ii. Acceleration due to gravity: The gravitational force due to earth on a

body results in its acceleration. This is called acceleration due to gravity.

iii. Escape velocity: The minimum initial velocity needed by an object

projected upwards to overcome Earths gravitational force and not fall
back on Earth is called escape velocity.

iv. Centripetal force: The force that acts on any object moving along a
circle, directed towards the centre of the circle is called centripetal force.
 SOMETHING TO REMEMBER Image just for
reference. Not
to be drawn in
exam
mV2
Centripetal F=
force
R
m = mass of object
V = velocity of object
R = Radius of Circle

c. Write the three laws given by Kepler. How did they help Newton to
arrive at the inverse square law of gravity?

The three laws given by Kepler are as follows:

1. Kepler’s first law: The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of
the foci.

2. Kepler’s second law: The line joining the planet and the Sun sweeps equal
areas in equal intervals of time.

3. Kepler’s third law: The square of its period of revolution around the Sun is
directly proportional to the cube of the mean distance of a planet from the
Sun.
Centripetal force F = .....(i)

Distance travelled by planet in one revolution = Circumference of orbit

= 2πr

Time period of revolution = (T)

Speed of planet V =

…..(ii)

Substituting eq. (ii) in (i)

Multiplying numerator and denominator with ‘r2’.

 According to Kepler's 3rd law

Thus, Newton concluded that the centripetal force which is the force
acting on the planet and is responsible for its circular motion, must be
inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the
planet and the Sun.
d. A stone thrown vertically upwards with initial velocity u reaches a
height ‘h’ before coming down. Show that the time taken to go up
is same as the time taken to come down.

When stone is thrown up.

Initial velocity = u m/s

Final velocity (v) = 0 m/s
Acceleration = – g m/s2
Time taken to go up = t1

According to 1st eq. of motion

v = u + gt
Just for
0 = u - gt1 reference. (During Ascent)
Not to be
gt1 = u drawn in
exam.
t1 = u seconds . . . (i)
g

When stone falls down.

Initial velocity (u) = 0 m/s

Final velocity (v) = u m/s
Acceleration = + g m/s2
Time taken to go down = t2

(During Descent)
 According to 1st eq. of motion
v = u + gt
u = 0 + gt2
t2 = u seconds . . . (ii)
g

From (i) and (ii),

t1 = t2

e. If the value of g suddenly becomes twice its value, it will become

two times more difficult to pull a heavy object along the floor.
Why?
i. If the value of g becomes double, the force with which the earth pulls the
object i.e. weight of object becomes double.
ii. As weight increases, frictional force also increases while pulling the
object.
iii. Hence, it will become two times more difficult to pull a heavy object
along the floor.

3. Explain why the value of g is zero at the centre of the earth.

i. At the centre of Earth, the force due to upper half of the Earth will cancel
the force due to lower half.
ii. In a similar manner, force due to any portion of the Earth will be
cancelled due to the portion opposite to it.
iii. Thus, the gravitational force at the centre on any body will be 0.
iv. Since, from Newton's law, we know that F = mg.
v. Since, mass m of an object can never be 0. Therefore, when F = 0, g must
be 0. Thus, the value of g is zero at the centre of Earth.

4. Let the period of revolution of a planet at a distance R from a star

be T. Prove that if it was at a distance of 2R from the star, its
period of revolution will be 8 T.

2R

R Just for
reference.
T 8T Not to be
drawn in
exam.

Given: To find:
Distance from Sun = R New time TN= ?
Time of Rotation = T Formula:
New distance = 2R T2 = k
R3
Solution:
Case (i)
T2 = k . . . (i)
R3
Case (ii)
 INTEXT QUESTIONS
1. What are the effects of force acting on an object?
The applied force can:
i. Change the state of rest.
ii. Change the direction of motion.
iii. Change the speed of a moving object.
iv. Change the shape of the object temporarily.

2. What types of forces are you familiar with?

Types of forces are:
i. Gravitational force
ii. Electro-magnetic force
iii. Nuclear force
iv. Frictional force

3. What do you know about gravitational force?

Every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force.
This force is called gravitational force.

4. What are Newton’s laws of motion?

i. Newton’s first law of motion : Every inanimate object continues to be in a
state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line unless it is acted upon
by an external unbalanced force.
ii. Newton’s second law of motion : The rate of change of momentum is
directly proportional to the applied force and it takes place in the
direction of force.
iii. Newton’s third law of motion : To every action there is always
instantaneous, equal and opposite reaction.

5. If the area ESF in the figure is equal to area ASB, what will you
infer about EF?

i. Distance EF is lesser than AB. Hence, speed will be lesser at EF and

greater at AB.
ii. Therefore, in an elliptical orbit, speed is not constant.

6. Show that in SI units, the unit of G is Newton m2 kg-2.

As per universal law of gravitation,

GMm Where:
F=
d2 F: Gravitational force, whose SI unit is Newton (N)
F d2 d: Distance between the masses, whose SI unit is metre (m)
G=
Mm M, m: Masses whose SI unit is kg.
Therefore, the SI unit of G is: Nm2kg−2.
7. Is there a gravitational force between two objects kept on a table
or between you and your friend sitting next to you? If yes, why
don’t the two move towards each other?
i. Yes, there exists a gravitational force between me and my friend sitting
beside each other.
ii. The gravitational force between any two objects is given by,

iii. Where, G = universal gravitational constant, m1 and m2 = mass of the two

objects, d = distance between centers of the two objects.
iv. Thus, me and my friend attract each other. But due to our small masses,
we exert a force on each other, which is too small as compared to the
gravitational force of the earth. Hence, me and my friend don't move
towards each other.
v. Apart from the gravitational force of the earth, there is frictional force
acting on both me and my friend.

8. According to Newton’s law of gravitation, every object attracts

every other object. Thus, if the earth attracts an apple towards
itself, the apple also attracts the earth towards itself with the
same force. Why then does the apple fall towards the earth, but
the earth does not move towards the apple?
i. Yes, the earth also attracts the apple.
ii. The apple has a small mass and the Earth has a large mass.
iii. We know, F = m a or a= F
m

iv. Acceleration and mass are inversely proportional here.

v. Therefore, the gravitational force between the two produces a large
acceleration on the apple which has small mass.
vi. The same gravitational force however produces a small (negligible)
acceleration in the earth due to its large mass. This results in almost zero
displacement of the earth.
vii. Hence, we see the apple moving towards the earth and not the Earth
moving towards the apple.

9. What would happen if there were no gravity?

i. Without gravity, objects would not be held to the Earth's surface.
ii. Everything would drift in space, and planets, stars, and galaxies would not
be bound together in their orbits.

10. What would happen if the value of G was twice as large?

If the value of ‘G’ is doubled, then the gravitational force (F) also will get
doubled.
11. What would be the value of g on the surface of the earth if its
mass was twice as large and its radius half of what it is now?

Given: M’ = 2M PYQ
R’ = 1 R = R
2 2

To find: g' = ?

Formula: g = GM
R2

Solution: g' = G M’
(R’)2

g' = G 2M
2
R
2

g' = G 2M
R2
4
2x4x GM g= GM
g' =
R 2 R2

g' = 2x4xg

g' = 8g The value of g will become 8 times.

12. Will the direction of the gravitational force change as we go inside
the earth?
The direction of earth’s gravitational force is towards the center of earth
so it will not change.

13. What will be the value of g at the centre of the earth?

At the centre of the Earth the value of ‘g’ is zero.

14. Will your weight remain constant as you go above the surface of
the earth?
i. Weight of a body depends on acceleration due to gravity, W = m × g.
ii. As we go above the surface of the earth height increases and hence
acceleration due to gravity decreases.
iii. As acceleration due to gravity decreases weight will also decrease.
iv. So, weight does not remain constant as we go above the surface of the
earth.

15. Suppose you are standing on a tall ladder. If your distance from
the centre of the earth is 2R, what will be your weight?

Just for
R’ = 2R reference.
Not to be
drawn in
R exam.
Given: R’ = 2R

To find: W' = ?

Formula: W = F = GM m
R2

Solution: W = F = GM m
R2

W’ = GM m
(R’)2

W’ = GM m
(2R)2

W’ = GM m
4R2

W’ = 1 GM m GM m
W=
4 R2 R2

W’ = 1 W
4

Weight will be one fourth the original weight.

16. According to Newton’s law of gravitation, earth’s gravitational
force is higher on an object of larger mass. Why doesn’t that object
fall down with higher velocity as compared to an object with lower
mass?
i. The acceleration due to gravity (g) on an object only depends on mass (M)
and radius (R) of the earth i.e., g = GM /R2 .
ii. It does not depend on mass (m) of the object.
iii. The acceleration produced at any given point is the same for all objects.
iv. Hence, an object having larger mass does not fall down with higher
velocity as compared to an object with lower mass.
 Previous Year Questions
1. Explain why value of g changes if we go inside the earth.
i. The value of g changes if we go inside the earth.
ii. The value of r in equation g = GM/R2 decreases and one would think that
the value of g should increase as per the formula.
iii. However, the part of the earth which contributes towards the
gravitational force felt by the object also decreases.
iv. Which means that the value of M to be used in equation g = GM/R2 also
decreases.
v. As a combined result of change in r and M, the value of g decreases as we
go deep inside the earth.

2. The weight of an object changes from place to place though its

mass is constant.

i. Mass is the amount of matter present in the object. Its value is same
everywhere. Its value does not change even when we go to another
planet.
ii. The weight of an object is defined as the force with which the earth
attracts the object. Weight, W = F = m g.
iii. As the value of g is not same everywhere, the weight of an object
changes from place to place, though its mass is constant everywhere.
3. Observe the given figure showing the orbit of a planet moving
around the Sun and write the three laws related to it:
Exercise Question 2 - c

4. Distinguish between Mass and Weight.

Exercise Question 2 - a

NUMERICALS
P.T.O
 SOLVED
EXAMPLES
1. Mahendra and Virat are sitting at a distance of 1 metre from each other.
Their masses are 75 Kg and 80 Kg respectively.
What is the gravitational force between them? Solved
example 1
Pg - 6
80 Kg
75 Kg

1m
Given: Solution:
r=1m F = 6.67 10–11 75 80
m1 = 75 Kg
12
m2 = 80 Kg
G = 6.67 × 10-11 Nm2/ Kg2 F = 6.67 10–11 6000
= 6.67 10–11 (6 103)
To find: Force (F) = ? = 6.67 6 10–11 103

G m1 x m2 = 40.02 10-8
Formula: F
r2 = 4.002 10-7 N

The gravitational force

between Mahendra and
Virat is 4.002 × 10–7 N.
2. Assuming that the bench on which Mahendra is sitting is frictionless,
starting with zero velocity, What will be Mahendra’s velocity after 1 s
and how will it change with time?
Mass of Mahendra (75 Kg) and Force (4.002 × 10-7 N). Solved
example 2
u = 0 m/s v=? Pg - 6

75 Kg
Given: Solution:
Time (t) = 1 second
Force (F) = 4.002 × 10-7 N a 4.002 × 10-7
Mass (m) = 75 kg 75

To find: Final velocity (v) = ? 400 × 10-9

75
Formula: v u at
5.33 × 10-9 m/s2
F ma
v u at
F a 0 5.33 × 10-9 × 1
m 5.33 × 10-9 m/s
▪ As distance decreases, force increases.
▪ Thereby increasing acceleration.
▪ Hence velocity increases with time.

After 1 second
u = 0 m/s v = 5.33 x 10 -9 m/s

75 Kg
3. Assuming that acceleration remains constant (5.33 × 10-9 m/s2),
How long will Mahendra take to move 1 cm towards Virat if he
starts from rest? Assuming no friction
Use your
brain power
S = 1 cm t=?
Pg - 6
Given: Solution:
Acceleration (a) = 5.33 × 10-9 m/s2
1 0 t 1 5 × 10-9 t2
Displacement (s) = 1 cm = 1 m 100 2
100
1 2.5 × 10-9 t2
Initial velocity (u) = 0 m/s 100
1 t2
To find: Time (t) = ? 100 2.5 × 10-9

Formula: t2 1 × 109
250
s ut 1
2
a t2 4
t2 1000 × 106
250
1
Solution:

t2 4 × 106

t 4 × 106

t 2 × 103
t 2000 seconds

Mahendra will take 2000

seconds to move towards Virat.
4. Calculate the gravitational force due to the Earth on Mahendra,
if Mass of Earth is 6 × 1024 Kg, Radius is 6.4 × 106 m,
Solved
g = 9.77 m/s2 and mass of Mahendra is 75 Kg.
example 1
Pg - 7
Mass = 6 × 1024 Kg
75 Kg

F R = 6.4 × 106 m
o
r
c
e
Given: Solution:
Radius of earth (R) = 6.4 x 106 m
Mass of earth (M) = 6 x 1024 Kg F = 6.67 10–11 6 x 1024 75
Mass of object (m) = 75 Kg (6.4 x 106)2

To find: Force (F) = ? F= 9.77 75

F= 732.75 N
Formula: F G Mx m F ~~ 733 N
R2
The gravitational force
between Mahendra
Earth is 733 N
5. Starting from rest what will be Mahendra’s velocity after one second,
if he is falling down due to the gravitational force of the earth?

u = o m/s Solved
After 1 second example 2
v=? Pg - 7
 9.77
Given: Solution:
Initial velocity (u) = 0 m/s 75 733
a 733 - 675
Force (F) = 733 N
75 580
Mass (m) = 75 kg - 525
Time (t) = 1 second 9.77 m/s2 550
- 525
To find: Final velocity (v) = ?
v u at 25
Formula: v u at 0 9.77 × 1
F ma 9.77 m/s

The speed of Mahendra

F a after 1 second is 9.77 m/s.
m
6. If a person weighs 750 N on Earth,
how much would be his weight on the Moon?
Given that Moon’s mass is 1 of that of the Earth
81
1 Solved
and its radius is of that of Earth. example 1
3.7
Pg - 10
750 N
1
ME Mm = 81
ME
1
Rm = 3.7
RE
RE
Given: Solution:
Weight on Earth (WE) = 750 N For Earth:

Mm = 1 ME Mm
= 1 WE G ME x m (1)
81 ME 81 RE2
Rm = 1 R Rm 1
E =
3.7 RE 3.7 For Moon:
To find: Weight on Moon, Wm = ? WM G MM x m (2)
Formula: RM2

W F GMxm
R2
 2
Solution: WM MM = 1
1 3.7
x ME 81
Dividing Equation (2) by (1) , 750 81 1
RM 1
=
WM WM 13.69
RE 3.7
G MM x m G ME x m
81
RM2 RE2 750
WE
WM G MM x m RE2 WM 13.69 x 750
81
WE RM 2
G ME x m
WM 126.8 N
2
WM MM RE
x
The weight on the
WE ME RM
Moon is 126.8 N.
7. An iron ball of mass of 3 Kg is released from PYQ m = 3 Kg
height of 125 m and falls freely to the ground. S = 125 m
Assuming that the value of g is 10 m/s2, calculate u = 0 m/s
(i) time taken by the ball to reach the ground t=?
(ii) velocity of the ball on reaching the ground v=?
(iii) the height of the ball at half the time it takes
to reach the ground.
Height (ht/2) = ?
Solved
example 1
Pg - 12
Given: Solution:
m = 3 Kg Case (1) :
S = 125 m 1 g t2
g = 10 m/s2
s ut
2
1
Initial velocity (u) = 0 m/s 125 0 t 10 t2
2
To find:
Time (t) = ?
125 5 t2
Final velocity (v) = ? 125 t2
Height (ht/2) = ? 5
Formula: t 5 Seconds
1 g t2
s ut
2 (i) Time taken by the ball
to reach the ground is 5s.
v= u+ gt
 Distance covered by ball at 2.5 s,
Case (2) : 31.25
1 g t2
s ut
2
V= u+ gt 1
S o 10 (2.5)2
0 10 5 2
93.75 m
v 50 m/s S 5 6.25
S 31.25 m
Case (3) :
t 5 Height of the ball at Half time =
Half time =
2 2
125 31.25 93.75 m
2.5 s
(ii) Velocity of ball on reaching
ground is 50 m/s.
(iii) Height of ball at half time is 93.75 m.
8. A tennis ball is thrown up and reaches a height of 4.05 m before coming down.
What was its initial velocity?
How much total time will it take to come down?
(Assume g = 10 m/s2) 4.05 m
v = 0 m/s
u=?
Solved ttotal = ?
example 2
Pg - 12
Given: Solution:
S = 4.05 m
v2 u2 2gs
g = -10 m/s2
0 u2 2 (-10) 4.05
Final velocity (v) = 0 m/s 0 u2 81
To find: 81 u2
Initial velocity (u) = ? u 9 m/s
ttotal = ?
Formula: Initial velocity was 9 m/s.
V2 = u2 + 2gS Since, we have v, u and g to find t, we
V= u + gt use 1st equation.

V= u + gt
v u gt Time of Ascent = Time of Descent
0 9 (-10) t ttotal 2 0.9
0 9 10 t
ttotal 1.8 Seconds
10 t 9

t
9 Initial velocity was 9 m/s
10 and time taken to come
back to Earth is 1.8 s.
t 0.9 Seconds
9. Calculate the escape velocity on the surface of the Moon PYQ
where the mass and radius of the Moon is
7.34 × 1022 Kg and 1.74 × 106 m respectively. Solved
example 1
Pg - 14

M = 7.34 × 1022 Kg
R = 1.74 × 106 m
Given: Solution:
Mass of moon (M) = 7.34 x 1022 Kg
Vesc 2 x 1.63 x 1.74 x 106
Radius of moon (R) = 1.74 x 106 m
gm = 1 gE = 1 x 9.77 = 1.63 m/s2 5.67 x 106
6 6
2.37 x 103 m/s
To find: Vesc = ?
Vesc 2.37 Km/s
Formula:
Vesc 2 gR The escape velocity on
Moon is 2.37 Km/s.
EXERCISE
Q-5
1. An object takes 5 s to reach the ground from a height of 5 m on a planet. PYQ
What is the value of ‘g’ on the planet?

Time = 5s
S = 5m
Given: Solution:
Displacement (S) = 5 m 1
5 0 5 g 52
Time (t) = 5 s 2
Initial velocity (u) = 0 m/s 1
5 g 25
2
To find: 5 2 g
Gravitational acceleration (g) = ? 25
10
Formula: g
25
1 g t2
s ut
2 0.4 m/s2
g

Value of g on the planet

is 0.4 m/s2.
2. The radius of the planet A is half the radius of planet B.
If the mass of A is MA, What must be the mass of B
so that the value of g on B is half that of its
value on A?

B 1
A gB = 2
gA

MA MB = ?

RA = 1
RB RB
2
Given: Solution:
1 RB RA 1 For planet A: For planet B:
RA = =
2 RB 2
gA G MA gB G MB
1 gA gB 1
gB = = RA2 RB2
2 gA 2
(1) (2)

Dividing Equation (2) by (1) ,

To find: Mass of planet B, MB = ?
gB G MB G MA
Formula:
g GM gA RB2 RA2

R2
Solution: MB RA 1
1 1 =
gB G MB G MA 2 MA 4 RB 2
gB 1
=
gA RB2 RA2 4 MB gA 2

gB 2 MA
G MB RA2

gA RB2 G MA MB 2 MA

gB MB RA
2

The mass of B is
gA MA RB twice mass of A
2
1 MB 1
2 MA 2
3. The mass and weight of an object on Earth is 5 kg and 49 N respectively.
What will be their values on the Moon?
Assume that the acceleration due to
gravity on the Moon is 1 of that on the Earth.
6
mE = 5 Kg

WE = 49 N
mm = ?

Wm = ?

1
gE gm = gE
6
 Given: WE m x gE (1)
mE = 5 Kg
WE = 49 N Wm m x gm (2)

1 gE
gm = gE = Dividing Equation (2) by (1) ,
6 6

To find: Mass on Moon, mm = ? Wm

= m x gm m x gE
Weight on Moon, Wm = ? WE
Formula: Wm
= m x gE m x gE
W F mg WE 6
Solution: Wm
= m x gE 1
Mass remains same : mm = 5 Kg WE 6 m x gE
Wm 1 Mass of object on moon is
=
WE 6 5 kg and weight is 8.17 N

Wm WE
=
6

49
Wm =
6

Wm = 8.1666 N

≈ 8.17 N
4. An object thrown vertically upwards reaches a height of 500 m. PYQ
1. What was its initial velocity?
2. How long will the object take to
come back to the earth? 500 m
(Assume g = 10 m/s2) v = 0 m/s
u=?
Total time = ?
Given: Solution:
S = 500 m
v2 u2 2gs
g = -10 m/s2
0 u2 2 (-10) 500
Final velocity (v) = 0 m/s 0 u2 10000
To find: 10000 u2
Initial velocity (u) = ? u 100 m/s
ttotal = ?
Formula: Since, we have v, u and g to find t, we
u2+ 2gS use 1st equation.
V2 =
V= u + gt V= u + gt
ttotal = 2 t
v u gt Time of Ascent = Time of Descent
0 100 (-10) t ttotal 2 10
0 100 10 t
ttotal 20 Seconds
10 t 100

t
100 Initial velocity was 100 m/s
10 and time taken to come
back to Earth is 20s.
t 10 Seconds
5. A ball falls off a table and reaches the ground in 1 s.
Assuming g = 10 m/s2,
calculate its speed on reaching the ground
and the height of the table.
Time = 1s
V=?
S=?
Given: Solution:
Time (t) = 1 s
v u gt
Gravitational
acceleration (g) = 10 m/s2 0 10 1
Initial velocity (u) = 0 m/s v 10 m/s
To find: 1
s 0 1 2 10 12
Displacement (s) = ?
Final velocity (v) = ?
s 5 m
Formula:
V= u + gt Speed on reaching the
ground is 10 m/s and
1 g t2
s ut
2
height of the table is 5 m.
6. The masses of the earth and moon are 6 x 1024 Kg and 7.4x1022 Kg,
respectively. The distance between them is 3.84 x 105 Km.
Calculate the gravitational force of attraction between the two?

6 x 1024 Kg

7.4x1022 Kg

3.84 x 105 Km
 Solution:
Given:
r = 3.84 x 105 Km = 3.84 x 108 m F = 6.67 × 10–11 × 6 x 1024 × 7.4 x 1022
m1 = 6 x 1024 Kg (3.84 x 108)2
m2 = 7.4 x 1022 Kg
G = 6.67 × 10-11 Nm2/Kg2 F = 6.67 × 6 × 7.4 × 10–11 × 1024 × 1022

To find: Force (F) = ? 14.74 x 1016

Formula: F G m1 x m2 = 297.48 × 10–11 × 1024 × 1022 × 10-16

14.74
r2
~
~ 300 × 1019

15

= 20 x 1019 N
= 2 x 1020 N
 The gravitational
force of attraction
between Earth and
Moon is 2 × 1020 N.
7. The mass of the earth is 6 x 1024 Kg.
The distance between the earth and the Sun is 1.5x 1011 m.
If the gravitational force between the two is 3.5 x 1022 N
What is the mass of The sun?
m2 ?

6 x 10 24 Kg.

r = 1.5x 10 11 m.

F = 3.5 x 10 22 N
Given: Solution:
r = 1.5 x 1011 m
3.5 × 1022 (1.5 x 1011)2
m1 = 6 x 1024 kg m2
G = 6.67 × 10-11 Nm2/kg2 6.67 10-11 6 1024
F = 3.5 × 1022 N
3.5 2.25 1022 1022
To find: Mass of Sun (m2)= ? 6.67 6 10-11 1024

7.875 1044
Formula: F G m1 x m2
40.2 1013
r2
7.87 1044

m2 F x r2 4 1014

G x m1
Solution:

1.96 1044
1014

1.96 1030 kg

The mass of the Sun

is 1.96 × 1030 Kg.
PYQ
1. A metal ball of mass 5 kg falls from a height of 490 m.
How much time it will take to reach the ground? (g = 9.8 m/s2)

m = 5 Kg
S = 490 m
t=?

+g -g
Given: Solution:
m = 5 Kg 1 g t2
S = 490 m
s ut
2
1
g = 9.8 m/s2 490 0 t 9.8 t2
Initial velocity (u) = 0 m/s 2
490 4.9 t2
To find:
Time (t) = ? 490 t2
4.9
Formula:
1 g t2 t 10 Seconds
s ut
2
Time taken by the ball to
reach the ground is 10 s.
2. An object takes 5 s to reach the ground from a height of 5 m on a planet.
What is the value of ‘g’ on the planet?

Time = 5s
S = 5m
Given: Solution:

5 0 5 1 g 52
2
1
5 g 25
2
5 2 g
25
10
Formula: g
25
1 g t2
s ut
2 0.4 m/s2
g

Value of g on the planet

is 0.4 m/s2.