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Low Cost, Low Noise VCO Biasing Circuit For Cable/TV Tuners

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18 views3 pages

Low Cost, Low Noise VCO Biasing Circuit For Cable/TV Tuners

**

Uploaded by

jaquel.kenith
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Low Cost, Low Noise VCO Biasing Circuit for Cable/TV tuners

Ravindra Ambatipudi
National Semiconductor Corporation

Phase-locked loops (PLL) are used in a variety of applications, most notably in Cable and
TV tuners. In these, the PLL synchronizes an output signal (typically generated by a
Voltage Controlled Oscillator, VCO) with a reference or input signal in frequency as well
as in phase. The VCO used in these PLLs requires a biasing circuit. Depending on the
VCO used, this biasing circuit is required to provide an output voltage between 24 and 32
Volts from an input voltage of typically 5V, 9V or 12V. Figure 1 shows the circuit
diagram of a low cost VCO biasing circuit. This circuit converts a 5V input to an output
of 27V, in order to bias the VCO.

VIN 3.6V
CIN2 L CIN1
NC
0.1uF 100uH 47 uF, 16V
RF1
2 8
115K Vo (24V, 20mA)
6 D
1 IC1
RF2 COUT
BAV70
CF 22uF, 35V
5K 22pF
LM3578A 5

CT 3
680pF 4 7

Figure 1

Converter Specifications:
Input Voltage, VIN = 5V
Output Voltage VOUT = 27V
Load Current IL = 10mA (max.)
Switching Frequency, fs = 100kHz.

Since the load current requirements are very low, this converter is chosen to operate in
discontinuous conduction mode. The output voltage is maintained at 27V by the
feedback network consisting of the resistors, Rf1 and Rf2. Pins 1 and 2 are set to 1V
internally. The output voltage level can be adjusted to the desired value by changing the
feedback resistors, RF1 and RF2, using the equation-
Rf1
Vout = 1 +
Rf 2

The switching frequency is set by using the timing capacitor CT. Choosing a
value of 680pF for CT sets the switching frequency at 100kHz. Capacitor CF (typically
between 10-25 pF), together with the feedback resistors (RF1 and RF2), is used for
compensation. For more details on the choice of the above components, please refer to
the data sheet for LM3578A.
The same circuit will work for 9V or 12V input, with a slight modification. A
higher voltage input capacitor will be required. Also, a higher value inductor should be
used. Since the current requirements are so low, it is possible to use inexpensive inductor
and capacitors in the application. The capacitor CIN2 is enough to suppress the switching
noise. An inexpensive input filter can be used to further suppress the noise. The noise is
dependent on the ESR of the input and output capacitors. Hence, low-ESR capacitors
should be used in this application. This circuit offers advantages of low cost and low
noise (figure 2)over other commonly used circuits, such as switched capacitors.

Figure 2(a) Input voltage Ripple Figure 2(b) Output voltage ripple
(18.5mVp-p) (19.0mV p-p)
Typical Layout (Scale- 2:1)

Parts List:
Designator Value Description Manufacturer Part No.
IC1 - Switching National LM3578AM
Regulator Semiconductor
D 40V, 250mA Output diode Fairchild BAV70
L* 100µH, 0.1A Boost Inductor Coilcraft DT1608-104
CIN1 47µF, 16V Input Capacitor, Sprague 595C4760016D2W
surface mount
tantalum
CIN2 0.1µF, 50V Input capacitor- Novacap 1206N104H250N
Required for
suppressing noise
COUT* 22µF, 35V Output Capacitor, AVX TPSE226M035R0300
surface mount
tantalum
RF1 115KΩ Feedback resistor Panasonic ERJ-8GCYJ134M
RF2 5K Feedback Resistor Panasonic ERJ-8GCYJ512M
CF 22pF Feedback Capacitor Novacap 1206N220H250N
CT 680pF Timing Capacitor, Novacap 1206B681J250N
Sets the switching
frequency
* Any inductor with the given rating can be used for this application. Any 22uF,35V low esr capacitor can
be used for COUT.

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