INGM413 FLUID MACHINES

TUTORIAL 3

Student:
Mr. Gontse Sempa
Student number: 37218050
Lecturer:
Prof. L.J. Grobler

Submitted in pursuit of the degree.

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

In

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

North-West University
Potchefstroom Campus
Question 1

Provided quantities:

• Static head, 𝐻𝑠 = 40 𝑚
• Total length of the pipe, 𝐿 = 1400 𝑚
• Friction factor, 𝑓 = 0.005
• Diameter, 𝐷 = 204 𝑚𝑚
• Water density, 𝜌 = 1000 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3

a) Rate of flow, 𝑸 :

Head loss due to pipe friction,

4𝑓𝑙𝑣 2
ℎ𝑓 =
2𝑔𝐷
𝑄
𝑣=
𝐴
4𝑓𝑙 4 2 2 32𝑓𝑙
∴ ℎ𝑓 = ( ) ( 2 ) 𝑄 = ( 2 5) 𝑄2
2𝑔𝐷 𝜋𝐷 𝑔𝜋 𝐷
32 × 0.005 × 1400 2
ℎ𝑓 = ( )𝑄
9.81 × 𝜋 2 × 0.2045
ℎ𝑓 = 6548.2979𝑄 2 [𝑚]

Therefore, system resistance is given as,

𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝐻𝑠 + 𝐾𝑄 2
𝐻 = 40 + 6548.2979𝑄 2 [𝑚]

Characteristics of the pump,

𝑸 [𝒎𝟑 /𝒉] 0 46 92 138 184 230

𝑯 [𝒎] 68 64 54 45 26.4 8
𝜼 [%] 0 49.5 61 63.5 53 10

Using the system resistance formula,

 𝑸 [𝒎𝟑 /𝒉] 0 46 92 138 184 230
𝑯 [𝒎] 40 41.07 44.28 49.62 57.11 66.73

The pump and system characteristics curve,

Pump & System Characteristics

80 80

70 70

60 60

50 50

Efficiency [%]
Head [m]

40 40 Pump Characteristics
Efficiency
30 30
System Resistance

20 20

10 10

0 0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Volume flow rate, Q [m^3/h]

The operating point is at the intersection point between the pump characteristics curve
and system resistance curve. Therefore,

𝑄 = 138 [𝑚3 /ℎ]

𝐻 = 49.622 [𝑚]

b) Power required to drive the pump:

Efficiency at the operating point is, 𝜂 = 63.50%.

 𝜌𝑔𝑄𝐻
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 =
𝜂

1000 × 9.81 × 138 × 49.622

𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 =
3600 × 0.635

𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 = 29386.383 𝑊 = 29.386 𝑘𝑊

Question 2

Provided quantities:

• Dimensionless specific speed, 𝑁 = 0.3 𝑟𝑎𝑑

• Vertical distance, 𝐻𝑠 = 65 𝑚
• Flow rate, 𝑄 = 0.007 𝑚3 /𝑠
• Suction and delivery pipe diameter, 𝐷 = 65 𝑚𝑚
• Combined length, 𝐿 = 90 𝑚
• Friction factor, 𝑓 = 0.0008
𝑣2
• Total secondary losses, 4.4 × 2𝑔

• Backward facing blades

• Outlet angle, 𝛽2 = 30°
• Width at inlet, 𝑏 = 40 𝑚𝑚
• Width at outlet, 𝑏 = 25 𝑚𝑚
• Number of blades, 𝑍 = 8
• Blade thickness, 𝑡 = 6 𝑚𝑚

a) Diameter of the pump impeller:

𝜂𝐻 = 88%

Velocity in the pipe,

𝑄
𝑣=
𝐴
 0.007 × 4
𝑣=
𝜋 × 0.0652

𝑣 = 2.110 [𝑚/𝑠]

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = 𝑃𝑖𝑝𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 + 𝑂𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠

4𝑓𝑙𝑣 2 4.4𝑣 2
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = +
2𝑔𝐷 2𝑔

4 × 0.0008 × 90 2.1102
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = ( + 4.4) ( )
0.065 2 × 9.81

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = 2.003 𝑚

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 65 𝑚 + 2.003 𝑚

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 67.003 𝑚

Speed of the pump,

𝑁𝑄1/2
𝑁𝑠 =
(𝑔𝐻)3/4

(0.0477)(9.81 × 67.003)3/4
𝑁=
(0.007)1/2

𝑁 = 74.082 [𝑟𝑒𝑣/𝑠]

Flow area perpendicular to the impeller outlet periphery,

=𝜋×𝐷×𝑏

= 𝜋 × 𝐷 × 0.025

𝜋𝐷
= [𝑚2 ]
40
𝑄
𝐶𝑟2 =
𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
0.007
𝐶𝑟2 =
𝜋𝐷
40
 0.007 × 40
𝐶𝑟2 = [𝑚/𝑠]
𝜋𝐷

𝑈2 = 𝑁𝜋𝐷

𝑈2 = 74.082𝜋𝐷 [𝑚/𝑠]

Then, hydraulic efficiency is,

𝐹𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝

𝜂𝐻 =
𝐹𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟

𝐻
𝜂𝐻 =
𝐸

OR

𝑔𝐻
𝐶𝑥 2 =
𝑈2 𝜂

9.81 × 67.003
𝐶𝑥 2 =
74.082𝜋𝐷 × 0.88
10.082
𝐶𝑥 2 = [𝑚/𝑠]
𝐷

The outlet velocity triangle gives,

𝐶𝑟2
𝑡𝑎𝑛150° =
𝐶𝑥 2 − 𝑈2

0.0891/𝐷
𝑡𝑎𝑛150° =
10.082/𝐷 − 74.082𝜋𝐷

0.0891 1
𝑡𝑎𝑛150° = ×
𝐷 10.082
𝐷 − 74.082𝜋𝐷
0.0891
𝑡𝑎𝑛150° =
10.082 − 74.082𝜋𝐷2

10.082𝑡𝑎𝑛150° − 74.082𝜋𝐷2 𝑡𝑎𝑛150° = 0.0891

∴ 𝐷 = 0.210 𝑚
c) Slip factor:

Using Stodola slip factor,

𝜋𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽2
𝜎𝑠 = 1 −
𝐶𝑟
𝑍[1 − ( 𝑈 2 ) 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛽2 ]
2

𝜋𝑠𝑖𝑛30°
𝜎𝑠 = 1 −
(0.0891/0.210)
8[1 − (74.082𝜋 × 0.210) 𝑐𝑜𝑡30° ]

∴ 𝜎𝑠 = 0.801