Africa's Ancient: God/dess Unveiled

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Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2023 with funding from
Kahle/Austin Foundation
https://archive.org/details/mamiwataafricasa0002mama
Mami Wata
Africa’s Ancient God/dess
Unveiled
Reclaiming the Ancient Vodoun History

& Heritage of the Diaspora
Mama Zogbé
Chief Hounon-Amengansie
VOLUMEII
Terie ReD Peep
ie ON
Mami Wata Healers Society of North America Inc.,

Martinez, GA 30907
is
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Hunter-Hindrew, Vivian
Mami Wata: Africa’s Ancient God/dess Unveiled/Mamaissii Vivian Hunter-Hindrew
Bibliography.
Appendix.
Includes Index & Glossary.
ISBN 0-97 16245-8-5.
Copyright © Third Edition 2007 by Vivian Hunter-Hindrew.
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Cover Design: Mami Wata Society Logo, by Mama Zogbé ( Vivian Hunter-Hindrew).
VOLUME Il
TAB VESMORMACOINSICEIN
TS
PART EIGHT: Afa: God of Destiny
1. A Brief Description of the Universe

According to Ewe Cosmology ook)
2. Afa 551
3. How Afa-du (Destiny) Came to Humans 559
4. Ancient Origins of Afa 567
5. Receiving ones Kpoli (Destiny)
6. General Divination Boe
7. Chart: The Afaé-du that Birthed the Vodoun 562
8. Chart: Afa-du 563
(The sacred eyes of Gabadu)
9. Reincarnation in Mami Wata Yeveh Vodoun 504
10. Soul, Sexuality, Death and Rebirth
11. Bi- and Multi-Racial Ancestry in Afa 285
12. Neglected Souls and Afa 573
13. Gays, Lesbians, Transgendered etc. 576
and Afa in Ewe Cosmology 582
14. Afa, Sexual Orientation Soul Evolution 585
15. Initiation as Gay, Lesbian, Transgendered 587
16.Word of Caution
PART NINE: Mami Patron Deities

1. Awussa
2. Awussa as “ Tyche” 592
(Black Goddess of Fate and Luck) 611
3. Tyche as “Vasanti” in Ancient India
4. Attributes of Awussa 617
5. Nike: Black Goddess of Success and Fortune 621
6. Atargatis (lyensu) 627
7. lyensu (Atergatis) 634
8. Attributes of lyensu 641
9. Densu 643
10. Attributes of Densu 646
Marnaissii Vivian Hunter-Hindrew Mami Wata: Africa’s Ancient God/dess Unveiled
IN DEFENSE OF THE AFRICAN DIVINE ORDER
2000 B.C.E. lwory panel taken from bed or couch of Black

Amazonian Egyptian warriors, in defense of the kingdoms of
Mami/Queen Mothers. Discovered in the ancient city of Ugarit
(now Syria), it was built by the black Egyptian matriarchs around
6,000 B.C.E., near Ras Shamra (sacred fennel mountain/hill). It is
from here where many of the Psalms credited to the Christians
were found on cuneiform tablets. These Amazonian warriors were
not mythical; they were historical figures, initiated to their deities
of war. They were the precursors to the renowned Amazonian
warriors of ancient Dahomey.
Photo: The University of Edinburgh Ras Shamra Project ©Prof. Nick Wyatt,
547 EWE VODOUN COSMOLOGY

Mamaissii Vivian Hunter-Hindrew Mami Wata: Africa’s Ancient God/dess Unveiled
A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE UNIVERSE

ACCORDING TO EWE COSMOLOGY
ccording to the ancient Ewe (Tro) ancestors, the universe is

described as a womb, which is often symbolized in Vodoun,
as the top of a calabash. This holy womb is known as Ma-
wu, the highest feminine and masculine complementary divine force. The
universe according the Vodoun, is also
deemed the cosmic
cE oi Ur
concentration point
for each year,
under the Alpha
Taurus, or simply
“Taurus, (ancient
Osirian, black bull)
star. It is known to
be the brightest star, Fig 2: Ewe Dzo-kete (Moon-
Fig: Star(upper-right) situated amongst a Swastika) drawn on
pinpointing location of our ceremonial cloth of Thunder
cluster of brightly lit god Heviossio. A_ similar
galaxy in the solar system. The
lunar (Moon) swastika (right) stars, called “the symbol was found on the
was designed by the Ewe and Pleiades” and the vestments of the black,
Akan to represent the Egyptian priests of Horus,
“Crab Nebula”. It is and was the distinguishing
serpentine movement of this
cosmic force. For the Ewe it is the Pleiades (or mark of Buddah, (Higgins,
also the symbol of the High “sixteen twins”) star 223). The Ewe symbol with
God Mawu-Lissa, from which the four stars, is designed
cluster, which is exactly like that of their
all serpent spirits of the Water,
Sky, and Earth are born. The known in West ancient African cousins, the
most notable are the twin African Vodoun as Scythians. (Budge. Amulets
serpents Daand Houloussoue- &Talismans, 1970, pp.
the “Seven African
Da, (Ayido-Wedo). These 334)OMama_ Zogbeé
entwined, winged caduceus Powers’, or the (Mamaissii Vivian
were later credited to the SeOvien Divine Hunter-Hindrew)
Greeks and adapted by
Serpent Ones.” In
western medicine. ©Mama
Zogbé (Mamaissii Vivian Ewe folklore, it is alleged that Ma-wu waited
Hunter-Hindrew) sixteen days before giving birth to these
Vodoun gods. It is also from these sixteen
Seven African Powers, from which the divination systems of both Afa/Ifa
and Védi are said to have come. They descended to the earth, and became
the spiritual crown of the first sixteen “prophetess and prophets: the
children of Legba and Gabadu.

Mamaissii Vivian Hunter-Hindrew Mami Wata: Africa's Ancient God/dess Unveiled
Additionally, the bull, the astrological sign of Taurus, is ceremoniously

sacrificed to celebrate the touching (sexual union) with this star on the New
Moon. The Sun, known as Lissa, who rules the sky, (bottom calabash), is
deemed the masculine, penetrating principal, because it permeates and
germinates all things. But, it is Ma-wu who is
the actual sun rays or solar power that allows
Lissa to penetrate all life.
Contrary to western notions, the
Vodoun is neither polytheistic nor pagan
idolatry. In Ewe cosmology, monotheism, as
in most African cosmogony, has always been
central. However, the Ewe understand that
Fige 3: Akan/Ewe sacred, humans are in no position to address God
Feminine symbol
(Meyerowitz, 1958 p. 30) of the
directly; thus, the Vodoun serving as God's
Great Black Mother; based divine helpers, and the Tro (elevated ancestors)
directly upon the celestial are appointed by God to serve as legitimate
galaxy (fig 1) from which all
life on Earth is borne. intermediaries.
Thousands of years old, the
Lunar Swastika is perhaps the Itis also believed that Mawu is simply
oldest symbols of the twin
serpents in Vodoun used by too busy taking care of other important aspects
the ancient Ewe. It was also of the universe to listen to the minor
used by the Ga-Adangbe of grievances and needs of humans. The Vodou
the Akan. Known as_ the
Nkotimsefo- puaa, and Dzo- also recognizes the supremacy of God/dess,
keke by the Ewe. Its design and its clergy understand that the Vodou are
was made directly from the merely divine aspects of the Great Divine
hair of Subola/Nkotimse,
servants of the (Mamissii God/dess. The ancient Ewe further recognize
Togbui / Oba-Pay (queen that the world itself is a huge, feminine organic
mothers).OMama _ Zogbeé body made up of the four very basic but
(Mamaissii Vivian
Hunter-Hindrew) extremely important elements: Earth
(Aholu/Sakpata), Fire (Heviosso), Air (Avedji
Da), and Water, (Mami Wata). Water, is
generated from the interplay of the spirits of
the sky and fire gushed from the Earth.
Moreover, the absolute essential impulse central to the release of

these dynamic elements is lightening (Heviosso). It was theorized that the
contact of these two polarities (Earth and Sky) provoked the lightning, and,
thus, triggers the basic impulse of all cosmic and earthly transformations,

including the process of copulation, and birth. The importance of lightening

is central to Ewe cosmology, for it is with the knowledge of Fire that the
mother and father ancestors were able to transform laterite into iron, and
thus, forge tools for agriculture, hunting and war. However, prior to the
masculine takeover of the Divine cosmology, it was Mami who headed the
apex, because no life can exist without water. It was from the celestial
waters from which all mineral elements were born in order that fire can cool
in order to exist as an essential divine source for the African ancestors.

AFA
VERY BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE GODS OF FATE &DESTINY
Fig 1: "Gedegbe," the basic implements of a Bokono (Afavi/Bokovi) to communicate

the will of the gods. The opon-afa (black tray), A predominately male profession,
historically they have been both male and female, and a growing number of
women with the economic means to undergo the expensive initiations and long
years of study are rejoining their ranks.
n the Mami Wata Yeveh Vodoun tradition, Afa (Fon “Fa”

Yoruba “Ifa”) is defined as a vodou, and a sacred name used
o refer to a complex and comprehensive system of
divination and gifted sight (clairvoyance). When combined, it
reveals the divine will of the Gods. Sometimes known as Fa-
Ahidégoun, this sacred form of divination is performed by
specialized priests or priestesses of Afa known as Bokonos or
Afavis. It is they who discern the will of the gods, by interpreting
their sign language which is communicated to them through the
manipulation of certain objects which are assigned by Ma-wu. One
of these instruments consists of a total of sixteen palm nuts, known
as de-ki, (or the “eyes of Gabadu’”).
551
HOW DE-Ki (palm nuts) ARE READ
The Bokono/ Afvai begins the sacred process to discern

the language of Afa by piling (16-18) de-k7 in their left hand and
then grabbing as many as they are guided to take with the right
hand.
If one de-ki remains, the diviner makes a double mark on
a sawdust covered tray known as an opon-afa. If two nuts remain,
the diviner makes a single mark adjacent to the first mark on the
opon-afa, creating what will result in two vertical columns. If any
number other than one or two remains no mark is made, and, the
process is repeated. This procedure is performed a combined total
of eight times until the Bokono has a sum of eight marks, four pairs
in one column and four in the other. These characters, known as
masculine and feminine spirits of Afa, are matched against what
are known as Afda-du (du, odu), which are a body of 256 sacred
verses which contain the wisdom of Ma-wu. In Togo, the skilled
Bokono/Afavi is also usually gifted with “sight” (clairvoyance), and
is able to apply tangible meaning to the Afa-du unique to the
client’s particular spiritual situation.
PELE: SACRED DIVINING CHAIN

Another tool that can be used and is favored by the Afa
diviner, is the throwing of a sacred pair of brass divining chains
known as a pélé. A pélé chain has attached to them in evenly
spaced, intermittent rows, a total of eight pairs of dried, half-seed
pélé pods, terminating with a total of five to eight cowrie shells or
coins. This péléis gently manipulated (the the spirits), by tossing
it forward and backwards, and the diviner reading the characters
and marking their position on the opon. Depending upon the
client’s situation, and the purpose for seeking a diviner, these
sessions can last from one to several hours.
s\sy/Z AFA: GODS OF FATE& DESTINY

KPLEKAN: ANCIENT DIVINING INSTRUMENT
In Togo, another much older instrument that is used by the

Afa diviner’Afavi is the Kplékan or Védi, which consists of a
mixture of consecrated objects including bones, glass, cork, bottle
caps, shells, metals, corks, marbles, de-ki7, and other items which
are typically used side by side with the péleé.
553 AFA: GODS OF FATE & DESTINY

Fig 2: Mawu Sodza “Mother of the Mountain” with crescent moon,

(sometimes a serpent,). Mawu who can change her gender at will sent
Gabadu to the Earth to bring divine order to her three kingdoms. (Sky,
Water and Earth).
THE AFA DIVINER
In Togo, ideally, a Bokono (meaning, ‘one who keeps

knowledge home’) is an initiated, specially trained individual .
Today, under African patriarchy, they are typically male, but can
also be female. The hidden counterpart to the Bokono is the female,
Amengansies (see Chp 13), which all of the deities speak to them.
However, when seeking out a Bokono it is preferable to find one
gifted with “second sight,” and in possession of a keen intelligence.
554 AFA: GODS OF FATE& DESTINY

Marmaissii Vivian Hunter-Hindrew Mami Wata: Africa’s Ancient God/dess Unveiled
The should be theologically and ritually astute, and capable of

memorizing and assimilating an enormous amount of information
in order to correctly manifest the messages of the gods i.e., Mami,
the Vodou, the tovodou (Ancestors), and totemic deities. They
should also possess an exemplary moral character, display maturity
and a natural ability to study, absorb and carefully integrate the
many messages that are being transmitted on the divine highway
between the worlds of the deities, ancestors and God/dess.
A competent diviner after being initiated into the

mysteries of Afa, must undergo a very long period of
apprenticeship, preferably under an Togbui (master) Bokono. Some
of the best are to be found in families with long lineages, however,
this is not the only criteria.
MA-WU AS GODDESS APPOINTER OF DESTINY
In the Mami Wata Yeveh Vodoun tradition today, under

African patriarchy, Mawu has been transformed in an exclusive
male deity. However, during ancient times, she was Ma-wu, the
Mountain Mother of the minor “vodou gods.” It is She who knows
the Fate and Destinies of humans. Because humans forget what
destiny they have agreed upon after coming into the world, She
(Ma-wu) has appointed several major deities to communicate this
and other important information.
GABADU: DIVINE AFRICAN MOTHER OF DESTINY
It is these deities who submits this information to the

Bokono. These messages are sent via several divine pathways and
transmitted through a special vodou, and ultimately to the Bokono
during divination. The most important of these is the “Goddess of
Destiny and Fate,” known as “Gabadu” (Afa-du, Odu), (‘born after
twins’). Gabadu is described as a Mami deity laden with sixteen
eyes, whose abode is atop the Fé (sacred palm), and who changes

her gender as she sees fit. She is the guardian of the three major
kingdoms of Earth, Sea and Sky.
In one version, she is placed in the cosmology as the

daughter of Nana Bu Juku (Minona), Ma-
wu’s very own mother. The sacred role
of Gabadu is described as being the
“eyes of God” (Ma-wu), and it is she
who reports on everything in the most
minute detail, that she sees and hears of
the activities of humans on Earth. It is
for this reason that the Bokono uses Afa,
Ma-wu and Gabadu interchangeably,
for “Afa is literally the hieroglyphic
writing of Ma-wu.”
Fig 3: A péle, sacred divining chain

of Bokono/Bokovi/Afavi.OMama
Zogbe (Mamaissii Vivian LEGBA: GUARDIAN OF DIVINE
Hunter-Hindrew)
INFORMATION HIGHWAY
Because each pantheon of vodou gods are replete with

their own language and sacred pathways, a multitude of routes
exists for them and the ancestors to send messages to and from
the various regions in which they reside. For this reason _ it is
necessary to appoint a “traffic guard,” and “spiritual linguist’ who
can ascertain and correctly transmit their messages.
This representative must also be able to discern the

urgency, and pinpoint and direct the exact location of all incoming
and outgoing information. They must also be able to correctly
translate, and supernaturally submit the final messages to the
instruments and to the head of the Bokono, who if well trained and
gifted, can through the manipulation of his sacred implements,
communicate these messages directly to the client, and prescribe
ritual ceremony (if necessary) in a culturally and linguistic format
that the client can understand and effectively act upon.

In the Mami Wata Yeveh Vodoun tradition, this “spiritual

linguist’ and “traffic guard,” and best friend of the Bokono and
vodoun is known as “Legba,” the youngest and most favorite child
(once also known as brother) of Ma-wu. Legba ban be either male
or female. However, universally, under African patriarchy, the male
is emphasized.
THE SACRED ROLE OF LEGBA
Legba can for a price, (usually monetary or sacrifice)

correctly direct, interpret and transmits all incoming and outgoing
messages being sent on the divine information highway for the
Bokono on behalf of the client.
Legba, the grandmaster of A tiké(herbs/gris-gris-medi-cine)

and keeper of the sacred mysteries regarding human and divine
affairs, is known universally as the “trickster,” meaning that he has
been appointed by his Mother to transcend “moral” law in order to
expose the weaknesses inherent within the human heart and
character. Often demonized by Christians as “a devil,” Legba is
anything but that. Being allowed to transcend “moral law” allows
Legba to force humans to concede their shortcomings, and to take
the necessary steps to correct them. This affords the individual the
opportunity to complete their assigned Kpoli (destiny) on Earth,
thus, bringing them closer to God/dess in the process.
As messenger of the gods, and possessor of the Fate and

Destiny of humans, Legba garners the most political and spiritually
powerful position, and thus, the most envious place in the Mami
Wata Vodou pantheon. When he is appeased, he will transmit the
messages of the gods clearly. If offended, or if the person’s
character is corrupted, “evil,” or is avoiding some major
responsibility, Legba (or she) might mistranslate an important
message, thereby reeking havoc, misery and even doom for the
receiver, family or the nation. For this reason, Legba is known to be
the instigator of wars, accidents, arguments, and general overall
3}5)// AFA: GODS OF FATE& DESTINY

distension; especially if not appeased or is forgotten about during

ceremonial ritual. For this reason Legba has often been mis-
equated with the Christian “Satan,” However the two are as
diametrically different in both function, and cosmic design as two
principle forces can be described.
Legba as the master of human suffering might bring about

sudden misfortune and conflict. However, it is specific and serves
to diminish the ego, and humble the human character. As the
representative of Ma-wu, his ultimate goal is never the complete
ruin and destruction of humans, whereas “Satan’s® primary and
absolute objective is towards total human annihilation, motivated
purely by evil and maliciousness intent.
What is important to understand here is, that it is Legba who caters

in the exclusive role as the one who delivers the messages for the
gods, and is the revealer of ones Kpoli (destiny, purpose in life), as
related to him by Gabadu. Further, that it is the role of an initiated,
trained, gifted and very skilled Bokono/Bokovi/Afavi to accurately
reveal this information to the client, and perform the necessary “vo”
sacrifices (for Legba) on their behalf.

HOW AFA-DU (DESTINY) CAME TO HUMANS
Fig4: Kplékan, or Védi. An older form of divination, consisting of bones, glass,

metals, cork, cowries, marbles and other consecrated objects, situated on a
sacred cloth surrounded by the “Yoni” or cowrie shells of “Gabadu/Mami”. In the
Mami Wata Vodoun, a male Bokono is not allowed to divine with the cowries.
In Togo this more ancient system of divination is used side by side with the
Pele.
n one story of how Africans came to know and

understand their Kpoli (destiny) in the Mami Wata Yeveh
Vodoun, it was related that before Gabadu was given her
assignment as the bringer of destiny, all life, both human and
divine, existed in an undifferentiated, chaotic state. Meaning that
the gods nor humans knew their divine purpose, and thus
constantly fought, and interbred with different species, creating
“giants and monsters,” which were not of their own kind.
It was Ma-wu who finally recommended that Gabadu come

directly to the earth and reveal to all their Kpoli (destiny)in order to
finally create order in her three major earthly kingdoms.

Gabadu, not wanting to leave her comfortable abode, decided

instead to birth children with Legba, and to send them to the Earth
on her behalf. Over time, she gave birth, and sent sixteen of her
own children down as prophetess/prophets, to preach to Africans
the nature of their existence, and their individual and collective
destinies. These sixteen prophets who were sent over a span of
generations, taught humans how to communicate with Ma-wu by
training the first diviners in the mysteries of Afa.
ANCIENT ORIGINS OF AFA

In Togo, in many Egbes, it is Alaundje who is honored as
the first Bokono to have been taught how to divine the destiny of
humans using the holy system of Afa. However, there has been
much debate largely spawned by western anthropologists, crediting
the Yoruba with introducing Afa to the Vodoun tradition. When
asked, any competent Togolese Bokono will quickly point to Nigeria
as the original source of Afa. However, when they do, they are
referring to Ketu, the home of their own ancient ancestors.
Yet others claim that Afa came with the Nago during the
time of King Agadja, and was brought by a man name Gogo, from
Zado in the East. Gogo actually didn’t introduce it himself, it is said
that he informed the King that two Babalawos (father of mysteries)
named Gougou and Jissa knew Afa. However it was not tested until
after a very severe drought plagued the lands, and the king tried the
skill of all of his diviners with no luck. After challenging Gougou and
Jissa to bring rain, they succeeded, proving the superiority of their
system of Afa. From this encounter, the king is alleged to have
adopted it himself. In those days Babalawos were called “djisi” or
“rain bringers.”
It is evident that many of these tales contain more lore than

history, and somewhere between the two stories, lies the truth.

What is known is that Afa is very well employed as the

primary system of divination throughout West Africa. In many
areas, it is used along side several other local systems of divination
which are even older and trace their lineages to Egypt. Interestingly
enough, the Ewe spelling “Afa” is also a sacred Dravidian (Tamul,
Afro-Elamite) word meaning “breath, or spirit of life.”' It is also
known that Olorum is considered the same as Ma-wu, and that the
“prophetess/prophets of Gabadu” were sent not just to Nigeria, but
throughout all of Africa, giving a special deity (prophetess/prophet)
to each ethnic group in which they would be able to hear the word
“of God” through their own diviners, just as the Bokonos of Togo
know well how to communicate with Mami and the Vodoun through
the holy system of Afa.
Finally, It is also known that the ancient, matriarchal Mami

Wata prophetesses/prophets of the ancient (serpent-worshiping)
Sabaeans and Nabateans known as Sibyls, (the ancestors of the
Amengansies and Mamissiis), along with the Chaldean priests,
were highly skilled and gifted astrologers and astronomers, and
that it was actually they who invented the Arabic “graffiti” script and
sand divination, now credited to the “pure” (white) Arabs. It is
further known that all humans possess Sé/Ka (soul/ spirit), created
by God/doess and can be directly accessed through Afa and other
forms of divination.
RECEIVING ONES KPOLI (DESTINY)
When one seeks out a Bokono to learn the nature of their

Kpoli (destiny; reason why they agreed to come to the earth), they
must undergo the same process of divination as previously
described. However, it is combined with a series of sacred
ceremonies commonly known as “Afa 4 Za” (receiving the hand of
Afa). The result of these ceremonies is the individual will receive
their kpoii, (destiny) along with a designated number of de-ki (palm
nuts), and other prescribed ceremonial items that are periodically
“fed” through a ceremony by the Bokono.

GENERAL DIVINATION
No other continent on Earth can boast the wide diversity of

systems of divination as Africa. This has been the case since time
immemorial. Africans have always sought effective methods to
discern the material and spiritual world around them. Mami, as the
owner of all divination, can reveal this through any number of
professions of competent priestesses or priests. These highly trained
and gifted seers can discern through divination any information that
directly impacts the human and spiritual existence, or which might
divert an individual from their chosen destiny.
They can counsel them in all matters of their lives and those
of their family. However, in order for one to discover the specific
Kpoli (guardian of their destiny) who is responsible for directing
their earthly path, and to learn specific prohibitions, propitiations,
songs and lore peculiar to their chosen path, or any matter
concerning Afa, it is necessary to pay a visit to a Bokono.
In Togo, many Bokonos are crowned (initiated) with Mami.

It is the Mamissii Hounons who typically perform the ritual baths,
and the actual installation of the mysteries of Mami and most vodou
for the Bokono. Additionally, certain levels and paths of Mamaissii
Hounons can also install Gu (Ogun) , the deity of Iron,” and Legba
the “opener of roads”, as well as Pélé, the deity who also speaks
odu. In the Mami Wata Yeveh Vodoun, Bokonos are typically
loosely affiliated with several Egbes and the community where they
perform specific ritual functions specific to their role as mouth piece
for Afa.
Though they are respected when it is earned, this, as in any

profession, is largely based upon their performance, ethics, skill and
t'ache (divine power). When they are proficient they are gladly
welcomed into an Egbe and are regarded as part of a spiritual team.
When they perform poorly, or violate client confidences or
professional boundaries, they are quickly discarded and a new one
is sought.

THE AFA-DU THAT BIRTHED THE VODOUN
Table 1 OMama Zogbé (Mamaissii Vivian Hunter-Hindrew)
AFA-DU VODOU
1. Gbé-Meji Mami Watas (pantheon)

Heviosso-Sogbo (pantheon)
Aholou, Anan pantheon
Ayido-Wedo (Danholossou)

Mamaissii Vivian Hunter-Hindrew Mami Wata: Africa’s Ancient God/ess Unveiled
Por A-D Up CHAR T

*(THE SACRED EYES OF GABADU)
“The line characters are considered the sign language of Gabadu based upon how many of her eyes
that Legba opens. OMama Zogbé (Mamaissii Vivian Hunter-Hindrew).
(MALE) (MALE) (FEMALE)
(FEMALE) (FEMALE)
(MAL.E)
(MALE) (FEMALE) (MALE) (FEMALE)

AFA
THE SOUL, SEXUALITY, DEATH AND
REBIRTH IN EWE COSMOLOGY
(Right) Good, competent, ethical Bokonos when they can be found, are
respected, and are loosely associated with the Vodoun Egbes. They have their
specialized role, and work as a team with Mamaissii Hounons. QMama Zogbe
(Mamaissii Vivian Hunter-Hindrew).
THE SOULS OF HUMANS (IN VODOUN COSMONGONY)
In pre-Christian/pre-colonial Ewe cosmology, it was taught

that all living things created by Ma-wu, are born possessing three
souls, (1), Se Lido (individual consciousness); (2), Se foto [soto]
(ancestral guardian); (3), Se Wesagu (root ancestral soul). When one
is initiated to Afa, they acquire a fourth soul called the Sekpoii,
which marks the validation of ones destiny. It is the Sekpoli (soul of
destiny) that actually lends meaning and gives purposeful direction
to all of the others.

Generally, and mainly for brevity, these four souls are

collectively referred to as the “Se or Ye or Kra,” which may or may
not Include the Sekpoli. Often viewed as ones “personal Ma-wu” the
Se Lido, (known as the “Ori” in Yoruba cosmology), is possessed by
all humans, and is the primary vital spirit or consciousness that
contains ones cognitive and creative intelligence, short and long
term memories, spiritual gifts if present, sexual identity (not
gender), inherent weakness and strengths, and ones personal
destiny, all presented to the world in a human vehicle (body) at
birth. Combined, these characteristics earned by the Se Lido from
previous incarnations, amounts to the formation of ones potential
personality. It is the inherent quality of these innate characteristics,
and how they are identified, balanced, harnessed and cultivated, that
will ultimately determine the success of ones physical and spiritual
attributes and overall journey while on Earth.
UNDERSTANDING THE Se LIDO FOR WESTERN

TRAINED MINDS
For the western trained mind, to apply Freudian

psychoanalytical terms the Se Lido all by itself would consist of all
three aspects of what constitutes in western terminology “the
human psyche,” i.e., id, ego, and the super ego. The other spiritual
components i.e., the Se Joto [soto], and the Se Wésagu, will be
discussed as they apply to the Se Lido, since it is the Se Lidd “the
starring actress/actor” that will ultimately manifest all three of their
roles on the theatrical stage of ones life.
“GIFTS OF THE SPIRIT” NOT INDICATOR OF GOOD

CHARACTER
A person being born with “spiritual gifts,” is not enough to

determine the inherent quality of their individual Se Lido, nor does
it offer any indication of the final outcome of their chosen destiny.
For example, one could be a very gifted artist, musician, business
professional, poet, diviner, or priests, but outside of their inherent
gifts, they might exhibit bizarre and destructive behaviors such as
alcoholism, selfishness, abusiveness, greed, arrogance,
compulsiveness, vengefulness etc.,. Therefore, it is the overall
quality of ones total Se Lido that Afa values and encourages one to
develop.

This potential “quality”’can loosely be described as “nyo

bra,” or “good character,” and wether it can be achieved in the
current life is determined by the quality and ritual attention
accorded the Se Lidd, during all phases of an_ individual’s
development, including in virto. Further, the quality of the Se Lido
is determined by many external and mitigating factors, including
conditions of conception, birth, nurturing environment, ancestral
forces, spiritual forces (vodou), the nature of ones destiny, and even
(to a lessor extent) past lives.
ANCIENT MASTERS OF THE AFRICAN SPIRIT
During ancient times, African clergy all across Africa were

masters of the spirit, possessing the ability, skill and talent of
discerning the fine intricacies associated with each aspect of an
individual’s three (or four) souls. At one time, there was a master
who specialized in each level, all prescribing the necessary
treatment, (through sacrifice and ritual), that was required in order
to heal, strengthen and empower, to bring about the correct level of
balance and harmony to the Se Lido. These sacred rituals were
deemed by Afa as necessary in order to improve the odds of a
successful accomplishment of ones individual destiny. The state of
the Se Lido cannot be underestimated when discussing initiation into
the Mami Wata Yeveh Vodoun tradition, and in understanding the
role that the Vodou, and the ancestors play in grades of rank, clerical
functions and more importantly in “healing the healers.”
REINCARNATION IN MAMI WATA YEVEH VODOUN
In Ewe cosmology as it pertains to Afa, when an individual is

initiated into Afa [Ifa], they acquire a fourth soul, the Sekpoii.
However, upon death the Sekpoli goes back to Ma-wu. Generally,
if a person has lived a good life during their journey while on Earth,
upon their death, and shortly after burial, their Se Lidé returns to the
place of their blood kin, and is made a Kututo/Tro (an Ancestor).

NO NEW SOULS ARE BORN
In Ewe cosmogony, it is believed that no new souls are born,

only old ones returning in new [human] skins. As part of Ma-wu’s
divine promise to establish and maintain cosmic order in the living
universe, it is also believed that all souls on Earth remain rooted
within their ancient families which were originally assigned to them
when their Se Lido (spirit consciousness) was first created.
ANCESTRAL REBIRTH: SAME RACE, ETHNIC GROUP, GENDER,

EIGy
Central to Ewe theology, is the strong and proven reality of

ancestral rebirth, meaning that the Se Joto [soto] of an ancestor can
return with the Se Lido, (Ori) of a family member at birth. Because
it is in reality ones own biological ancestors who carry the tche/ashe
(spiritual power) of a family, itis firmly believed by the Ewe, that one
is always reborn into the same race, ethnic group, gender, and
family bloodlines, from which one was originally assigned when
ones first ancestors and Se Lido entered into the world at the dawn
of human creation.’
It is for this reason that the circumstances of ones
conception, pregnancy and birth are meticulously monitored, and
compared with that of previous ancestors if known. Children who
have been determined to carry the Joto [soto] of an ancestor might
be named after them, and records of deceased ancestors are
studiously maintained, and their shrines carefully tended, lest they
return through one of the children to reek havoc on the family.
Many in the Diaspora, because of the disruptions in family lineages
due to slavery, and its aftermath, might be experiencing some of
this phenomena, and are perplexed or not aware of its root cause.
DEATH, REBIRTH, RACE AND ETHNICITY

(ANCIENT BIOLOGICAL COMPONENTS ALWAYS REMAIN
CONSTANT)
Ones first ancestors are considered their dukwo, meanin

their own “Adam and Eve” or “root ancestor,” that was created a
the beginning of the formation of the human clan systems. This
“root” family is believed to have been individually created by Ma-wu,

and encoded with the dans specific “Se Wésagi” (original soul),
- 99
meaning it is embedded with particular DNA, cosmogenetic and

biological components that always remain constant, no matter how
many admixtures result from inter- or intra group mixing. Upon
ones death, or when the individual is “reborn” they return back to
their original Se Wésagt (original soul) and root ancestors. For
example, if one were born a female, in all of their future
incarnations, they would always be born female, and into the same
racial/ethnic/family/cosmogenetic bloodlines. Usually, but not
always, ones Se Wésagi” (original soul/root ancestry) is expressed
and celebrated phenotypically (through outer racial characteristics).
Many Africans are so keen to this, that most can

instinctively discern from either obvious or subtle physical
characteristics the particular ethnic group from which another
African might descend.
These distinctions in African cosmology is of profound

importance and spiritual significance, because possession and
understanding of this knowledge carried the key in celebrating and
protecting the nature of ones “group soul’ or Se Wésagi” (original
soul/root ancestry). It allowed an individual to learn the specific
taboos, and other vital information necessary for their survival and
success. Divination becomes vital in learning the nature of ones
ancestral lineages and group. destiny, if it has been lost or
forgotten through uncontrollable circumstances such as slavery.
BI- AND MULTI-RACIAL ANCESTRY IN AFA
In Ewe cosmology, if one is born “bi-racial/ multiracial”, or

multi-ethnic, they would possess the racial/ethnic characteristics,
(or whichever blood lineage predominates) from their immediate
ancestors and should be honored. However, upon their death or
“reincarnation”, they would be rerouted or reborn back into their
dominate root lineage from which their Se Lidd and Se Wésagi
(original soul) was created.

This is why “race” as it is defined in western political ideology

becomes problematic when defining and explaining African
spiritual philosophy.
It is important to note that the terms “bi- and multi-racial,

though presented as modern “ethnic/racial’, concepts in group
classifications, are not new to ancient history nor to human
evolution. Throughout the course of tribal migrations, climactical
changes, group reductions due to disease, natural catastrophe,
empire building, mass group dislocations, has created many “new”
ethnic groups in Africa. In this respect, for the African, “racial”and
ethnic admixtures have always been the norm. In fact, in Africa
today, there are few groups that can actually boast a “pure” ethnic
lineage. Especially due to the aftermath of colonialism in which
artificial boundaries were created, forging new group alliances, and
during New World slavery where different groups that might not
ordinarily mix were forced to live and intermarry for mere survival.
Further, traditionally, dominate African sibs will completely

absorb another African group, eventually acquiring their ethnic
name, culture and language, or adopting a new ethnic identity
altogether. For example, the “Ewe” have not always been called
“Ewe” throughout their history. Depending upon what groups were
either absorbed by them or they being absorbed by another, their
ethnic identity might change over the eons. Ethnically, the Ewe
have been called Bubu-Tubi, Benigbe, Bayikpe, Manyigbe, Bowili,
Ayigbe, Husa, Popo, Ima, Krepi, and a host of other appellations
identifying their ethnic identity.2, However, upon their death, they
return back to their Se Wésagu (original group soul) that was given
to them by Ma-wu.
Moreover, in Africa, intra, and inter-ethnically, some groups,

including their languages and customs, are literally re-absorbed into
other genetically dominate groups. This is especially the case with
African or Asian dominant peoples, who tend to absorb most ethnic
groups into their own gene pool.

RACISM INDO-EUROPEAN CONCEPT
It has only been within the past 2000 years, perhaps

beginning with the Aryan groups (Iranian), and the Assyrians, white
Greeks, and later perfected under Aryan Hinduism, the Roman
Papals, and later morphed into European, Christian colonialism that
the concept of wiping out the African racial presence in the ancient
world began. As a result of centuries of war and later their mass
migrations into Africa, Asia and North America, these Indo-
European groups brought with them their concepts of “racialism,”
identifying, subjugating and isolating, particularly African
admixtures, forming them and the world into separate, artificial,
“racial classifications,” as they are defined and exist today.
These racial classifications are based solely upon phenotypes

(out characteristics), not taking into consideration similar or the
same cultural identity. In other words, the world have grown
accustomed to a group possessing the same national identity ie.,
“language, culture and social customs,” and yet remain racially
segregated or culturally alienated based upon outer (phenotypic)
characteristics.
Further, though diaspora Africans may possess admixtures

of one or several ethnic groups, and they might acknowledge and
honor all or none of them, it is their dominate Se Wésagi [root
ancestral soul] and the spirits (vodou) linked with them, which
remains connected. This is acheived through their majority Joto [soto]
guardian ancestors that tends to strongly predominate, creating a
means by which their ancient African ancestors may continue to be
reborn through them over all the others. Additionally, politically
the Ewe and other West African nations have adopted a patriarchal
system along with a new theology and cosmology to match.
However, secretly, it is well known that the Se Wésagt [root
ancestral soul] is still inherited through the blood of the maternal,
African mother.
Though these racial/ethnic characteristics may or may not

reveal themselves phenotypically (in ones outer features),ones outer
physical traits are nonetheless included, and are evaluated as part of
an overall assessment of any newborn child, in order to determine

which ancestor has returned. It is for this reason that around the
third trimester of pregnancy, or three months following the birth of
a child, a woman might seek out aBokono/(Babalawo) to determine
which ancestor has been chosen by ”"Ma-wu to return to the family,
and for what purpose.
DEATH AND REINCARNATION
Because it is Ma-wu who chooses which person is to be

reborn and for what purpose, it is believed that only those that are
deserving may be allowed another sojurn for further evolution. Thus,
those Diaspora Africans who were born through multi-ethnic
mixtures as a result of slavery (through rape by a slaver owner etc..,),
or through other non-consensual means, will not be forced to suffer
the offending “parent’s” return through their biological children,
nor are they required to “venerate” the offending “parent”, in
accordance with Ewe cosmology.
In other words, the divine Spirit cuts-off the path of rebirth

through the offending parental lineage. This same concept applies
to same group lineages in which one of the offending parent’s may
have been abusive, neglectful, or deemed “unworthy” to return to
the Earth by Ma-wu. The decision to reject nor honor a biological
parent should always first be cleared through Afa, because a
parent’s negligence might have been created through no fault of
their own, though the child may feel abandoned and abused.
Conversely, if a person during their sojourn on Earth has

been “exceptionally good”, meaning they have succeeded in their
prescribed destiny, it is believed that they will rest directly under
Ma-wu, while awaiting another incarnation or spiritual assignment.
Once received, they will be born through a mother of the same
family bloodline from which they originally come. On the other
hand, If the person has lived a “bad life”, their Se Lido could end

up haunting the crossroads, or linger in the forests prime for

sorcerers; especially if they have been abandoned by their families,
who refuse to perform the necessary ceremonies to make them a
guardian Kututo/Tro/Tovodu. In the Vodoun a “bad soul” is a
relative term, meaning that those ancestors deemed “notorious”
often prove to be some of the most powerful if they have paid their
karmic price to Ma-wu.
NEGLECTED SOULS AND AFA

As a rule, all souls of ones ancestral family should be
accounted for and propitiated, including those that are not known
by name. Today, even in Africa abandoned souls are nearly infinite
in numbers, and it is difficult indeed for most, (especially in the New
World), to understand the importance of re-learning how to care for
their long departed and forgotten ancestors who, through no
misconduct of their own, were never offered a proper burial.
This especially applies to those ancestors who suffered

under the yoke of slavery, in which their lives, and the necessary
customs associated with the transition of death mattered little to
their enslavers. |With the accompanied suppression of African
rituals and customs in the New World, many in the diaspora walk
around blinded to their taboos, guardian ancestors, and those things
which would violate and offend their own Se Lido.
WESTERN MATERIALISM AND RELIGIONS OF LITTLE

VALUE IN AFA
In the West, the seductive lure of a culture of materialism,

and individualism, has conditioned many to believe that their
professional accomplishments, and material possessions are the
sum total of what millions of years of evolution andincarnations was
meant to bring them. Particularly detrimental to the Diaspora, is the
notion that they arrived in the world “alone,” and therefore “owe no
one” for their successes in life. To rid the Diaspora of their
religions, the majority have been conditioned to give all credit to
“Jesus” instead of their spiritual kin who guide them daily just as
“Jesus’” ancestors did, throughout their lives.

SPIRITUAL MALAISE SPIRITUALLY BASED IN DIASPORA
In reality, though materially accomplished, one might still

remain void of spirit, neglectful of their ancestral source (not
offering gifts of thanks), and often can be in violation of their Se
Lido without realizing it. Most often wondering why if they are
“doing all the right things, “ are their lives still in shambles. In this
respect, it is no surprise to witness the multitude of spiritual
illnesses’ that often result, especially in the diaspora who tend to
carry strong spirits and lineages that are often neglected in spite of
their worship of Jesus, and other western religious paths.
Mental breakdowns, chronic depression, compulsive

disorders, schizophrenia, physical illness, misfortunes, criminality
and other maladies and abusive behaviors of the Se Lido is not
uncommon. However, most find recovery is usually improved
greatly once this problem is properly addressed. For others, though
initiation might aid in containing the already advanced condition, it
might not alleviate it entirely. Additionally, for a small segment it
simply might have been in their Kpoli (destiny )to suffer.
ROOT ANCESTORS MONITOR AND INTERCEEDS TO

GOD/DESS
Finally, the Ewe believe that if one has led a bad life, they do
not have access to Ma-wu at all, and might exist literally in a
confused, pained and obscure state, of which they are not accorded
another opportunity to reincarnate. One might wonder “how does
Ma-wu know what one has done whik on Earth”? It is the Joto [soto]
guardian ancestors, that reports to Ma-wu all of ones behavior,
words, and deeds during their life while on Earth.
In other words, ones “root ancestors” hold the same

cosmological power as the “Oannaes” or “Nommos” when it comes
to their family seed, because it is through their family that they will
return, making it in their interest to protect and to keep healthy their
family tree. As such, they are the primary bringers of T’ache,” luck,
misfortune, blessings, etc., and are considered more important than
the Vodou deities themselves.

It is also for this reason that it is important that the Diaspora

not loose sight of this cosmological fact, in spite of the “New Age”
trend to emphasize the “deities” and to offer generic concepts of
“goddesses” “individualism,” and “universalism.” Because in the
end, according to Ewe cosmology, it is the Se Wésagu “root
ancestors”and Joto [soto] guardian ancestors that will become ones
divine guardian, and judge.

AUTHOR UPDATE
As you read this chapter, what you are reviewing is the “official
stance” concerning GBL’s involvement in the Mami Wata Vodoun
religion. A subject that has been a constant source of conflict,
passive denial and on-going heated debate in West Africa for
decades. Up until the present, the MWHS has parroted the
“official stance ” (as detailed in the following chapter) of the
elders in the Vodoun religion, the majority who are against
initiating GLBs.
However, after years of participation and after careful and critical

examination of the West African Vodoun culture, the author has
a moral obligation to report that there has been no definitive
consensus or evidence that the Mami Wata and Vodoun
SPIRITS have rejected the GLB community. Thus, as has
always been the objective of the MWHS to follow the dictates of
the SPIRITS, this author can state without reservation, that all,
regardless of gender or sexual orientation, are welcome into the
Mami Wata Vodoun Religion. It is the above final conclusion
drawn by the author, that the reader is asked to keep in mind as
they preview the following chapter.
Mama Zogbé
Hounon-Amengansie
MWHS president
GAYS, LESBIANS, TRANSGENDERED ETC.,

AND AFA IN EWE COSMOLOGY
Fig 4: two effeminate males, who are “Troskis,” meaning that they are born
with the soul of a female ancestor which dominates their own Se (soul). These
men who are married with families, must celebrate their female ancestor by
dressing as women during ceremony, and carrying babies on their backs. Just
as the ancient traditions of “Black Di-Ana, and Ceres,” it is recognized that
their “effeminacy” is due to a female spirit. Therefore, it is taboo for them to
engage in sexual relations with other men.
Kpesso in Egbe in Togo. OMama Zogbé (Mamaissii Vivian
rom the outset, it should be known that West African

culture continues to frown upon homosexuality period. It has
already been stated that West Africans in their thousands of years
of migrations and culture building and rebuilding, are mostly
remnants of ancient peoples that once ruled in the East. Therefore,
it is safe to assume that this sentiment towards a “culture” of
homosexuality was consistent and had once spanned the entire
African continent, including anywhere in the ancient Mediterranean
world where African culture dominated.

GAYS SUFFER REJECTION, OSTRACISM AND DEATH
Today in Africa, there exist a thriving gay and lesbian

culture where many suffer rejection, ostracism, and even death.
This is especially prevalent in those West African cultures that have
completely rejected their traditional African religious roots, and have
assumed or infused into their religious culture, an exclusive Euro-
Judeo-Christian, or Islamic moral perspective. For the Africans, the
absence of the historical and theological context of their own
ancient god/dess, who have always created a divine space for all of
its members; has created a moral dilemma, and social breakdown,
that many gays believe is lacking in human compassion, and are
now fragmenting and dividing families, threatening the
cohesiveness of the overall culture. Only until recently, have the
Mami Wata Vodoun Egbes in America been allowed to consider its
own spiritual and cultural history in regards to the issue of
homosexuality.
AFRICANS BLAME HOMOSEXUALITY ON EUROPEANS

AND ARABS
Typically, if one were to inquire of an African if

homosexuality ever existed in African culture, the usual response
would be “no, never!” Many Africans even blame the existence of
homosexuality on the Europeans and the Arab invaders, whom
today dominate the adult male and child homosexual prostitution
markets that exists along any African tourist strip.
However, upon closer examination, moral and political

sentiments aside, historically both responses, would be generally
correct. At present, there is no evidence that there ever existed a
“culture” of homosexuality in African society. In the Mami Wata
Vodoun tradition, there is not even a vocabulary to describe
homosexuality or any other form of sexuality for that matter.
BLACK LESBIANS EXISTED IN MATRIARCHAL AND

PATRIARCHAL AFRICA
Moreover, under both matriarchal and patriarchal African

societies, lesbians did (and still do) exists, and were considered

BLACK LESBIANS IN AMERICA MERGED FAMILES AS DID THEIR

ANCIENT MOTHERS
“harmless and non-threatening” because under patriarchy, many

also bore children, and were approved by Afa, and their ancestors
to maintain a household and intimate relationships. However, male
homosexuality after initiation (rites of passage ceremonies), was
generally considered completely taboo. Conversely, black lesbians in
American have always reflected this aspect of African family and
culture, merging families, resources and sharing intimacies.
Although many faced harassment, and even rape by heterosexual
men who felt threaten by their presence, for the most part, most
though ostracized, were better tolerated.
“EFFEMINATE” MEN IMPORTANT IN AFRICAN RELIGIOUS

VODOUN CULTURE
What is less known, is that there were (and still are)

“effeminate” men,” and they play an important role in African
religious Vodoun culture. For example, contrary to the “macho”
image that is attributed to the Thunder god Heviosso, his votaries
are actually quite effeminate, and even vain. This vanity is
exemplified in the “hip-hop” culture, where men adorned
themselves with jewelry, pacifiers, unique braided hair styles, and
bold colored clothing, while professing a “macho, gangster”
persona. In Africa, hair braiding since time immemorial, have
always been the symbol of the Divine African Mother. Young
African girls during their rites of puberty, would have their hair
braided, the three partitions representing the triple aspects of the
Divine Mother. Today, black men enjoy their hair braided as much
as the women. Such was the nature of Heviosso. These men are
such because that is how the god manifests in them.
However, the confusion lies in the West African Vodoun

culture, when it adopted western styled patriarchy, the priests of
Heviosso were elevated above Mami. They completely rearranged
the Vodoun pantheon to reflect a hard, masculine persona,
forgetting that Heviosso, as nearly all of the other Vodou can
change their gender at will. The effeminate young men, being
born with the spirit of the thunder gods are a living manifestation
and an example of this divine principle.

AFRICAN “EFFEMINACY” MANIFESTATION OF A DEITY

NOT VIEWED AS THREATENING UNDER MATRIARCHY
These Heviosuvis were no different than their ancient eastern

cousins the Bacchanties, sun priests from the temple of Amon, who
were the votaries of Black Mami Dia’Ana, or Mama Cybele, and
Mama Demeter. They in support of the feminine/masculine divine
principle, adorned themselves with jewelry, and many spent hours,
just as the Masai of East Africa, assuring every aspect of their
grooming and appearance was meticulous. Many were even
eunuchs (castrated males). However, in spite of the above
“effeminacy” of these men, it was taboo for them to engage in
sexual relations with other men, and their “effeminacy” was not a
cultural or personal expression of their sexuality, but rather a
manifestation usually of a deity in its female or “feminine” aspect.
For this reason alone, under matriarchy “effeminate” men abound in
African culture, and were not viewed as threatening or offensive.
Overtime, as many African cultures began to undermine

the divine significance of their own gods, and more importantly its
theology, opting instead to project the beliefs and gender, and
religious sentiments of their fiercely patriarchal, Euro and Islamic
conquerors, their attitudes began to slowly and in some cases
overtly change towards lesbians, and effeminate men.
EFFEMINATE MEN SLAUGHTERED IN DAHOMEY
Inone incident not widely circulated concerning Dahomean

history, Hazoumé (Le Pact de Sang au Dahomey, 1956), recounts a
brutal assault upon a group of effeminate young men whom he
reports was rounded-up, and placed in a hole and slaughtered. They
were killed he tells us, specifically because they were effeminate,
and it was felt that their presence undermined the “new” definition
of masculinity in Africa. Their presence was a definite reminder of
the old matriarchal orders that were continuously being suppressed
throughout Africa.

HOMOSEXUALITY TRADITIONAL IN EUROPE AND

ARABIA
These overt displays of prejudice were rare. However, the

contradiction in this entire scenario lies in the fact that the Judeo-
Christian and Islamic moral values imposed on African society,
overshadows the historical fact that these foreign cultures possessed
in actual history of homosexual and lesbian culture, that had been
in existence since their inception.
It is also widely known that the fiercely patriarchal cultures

of Euro-Greece, Euro-Rome and new Sparta maintained an almost
primary culture of homosexuality, and that the Teutons (Germanic
tribes) did so to such as extent that according to Sicilian historian,
Diodorus ( d. 1 B.C.E.):
Although their women are well proportioned, they pay little attention to them. They are
driven instead, as though by a crazy compulsion, to the embraces of fellow males. Far
from seeing a disgrace in this, they rather consider it dishonorable for a man not to
accept the proffered favors of another.
Of the Dorians (Spartans) in Athens Diner informs us that:
Patriarchal marriage .. .was introduced by Cecrops [who was African], the founder of
the Acropolis...the first Athenian ruler to unite men and women in marriage; prior to
that, the Athenians had cohabited with their own sexes.
Greek and Italian historians Herodotus and Diodorus, and

gay, Roman naturalist, Pliny, as well as a host of others who also
visited Africa, make no mention nor provide any evidence of a
“culture” of homosexuality, as it existed in what is now termed
“European” Christian and Arab, Islamic culture. This observation
includes the African sections of Greece, Rome and Sparta and other
lands where African culture existed throughout the ancient
Mediterranean.
What could account for these biological, cultural and

spiritual distinctions between the above cultures, especially since it
is know that both Arab and Greek culture are actually overlaid on a
more ancient, African matriarchal social system? More
importantly, what can account for the large openly gay and lesbian

black communities who have received less media attention, and are
demanding that their voices be heard? Conversely, it is important
to note that though there is no vocabulary to describe
homosexuality in the Mami Wata Vodoun tradition, this should not
imply that “sexuality” is an event left to the concealed bedrooms of
the individuals as some have wrongly interpreted. Or that the
“gods” of the Mami and Vodoun are bi-sexual, androgynous,
hermaphroditic, and even gay, as a host of others have wrongly
assumed to lessen the sting of bigotry and rejection many gays or
their supporters might consistently experience when seeking
initiation into an African religious tradition.
VODOUN GOD/DESS CHANGES GENDER BUT NOT

SEXUALITY
Quite the contrary, in the Mami Wata Yeveh Vodoun

tradition, the “gods” can and do change their gender but not their
sexuality, and they are very much connected with and concerned
with the sexual make-up and proclivities of their devotees. In fact,
in the Mami Wata Yeveh Vodoun tradition, many of the impositions
of (nutsitsri) taboos regarding personal conduct, diet, habitation etc.,
are directly connected with the wishes of the god/desses,
ancestors, and with ones own Se (soul).
SEXUAL TABOOS DICTATED BY GOD/DESSES
Not to establish, impose nor to confirm someone else's idea

of a “moral” objective, but rather for the achievement and
maintenance of the right psychological, divine and cosmic balance
of the body as the primary vehicle and thus, the temporary “home”
of the gods. Any behavior that might threaten or violate their
relationship with the devotee would be deemed offensive, and can
lead to “divine punishment” such as sickness/disease, ostracism,
monetary penalties, sacrifices, and even death for both.

ONE SPIRITUAL CROWN DOES NOT FIT ALL

PUNISHMENT SEVERE WHEN SEXUAL TABOOS NOT RESPECTED
A clear example of this is in Zora Hurston’s “Go Tell My
Horse,” in which she recounts the experiences of a young Vodunsi
whom, possessed by her spirit climbed her up into the highest
bough of a tree and jumped, killing her and thus, ending
permanently his divine relationship with her. The young Vodunsi
was warned not to engage in lesbian relationships as part of her
taboos but, she did not heed the warning of her own deity, and her
punishment was severe.
The fact that this incident took place in a country and

“Voodoo” religious culture that is perhaps (outside of Brasil), the
most tolerant of homosexuality, should offer some indication that in
the home where the Vodoun religion is born West Africa, there
must exist some sound cosmological and theological basis for why
“one spiritual crown does not fit all,” and the strict observance of
sexual taboos specific to an initiate is critical and should never be
underestimated. These taboos are tailored to the initiate, and applies
to heterosexual and other sexual orientations as well, including
those black men on “the down-low,” who do not define themselves
as being “gay,” and yet engage in regular or periodic homosexual
relations with other men.
AFA , SEXUAL ORIENTATION SOUL EVOLUTION

In the Mam Wata Yeveh Vodoun, the nature of
homosexuality cannot be explained in political, personal nor
ideological terms as it is so often done. What is more important is
to share with those who are gay/ lesbian/ transgenered etc., and
those wishing to understand how everyone “fit” in seeking their
spiritual path within the Mami Wata Yeveh Vodoun tradition,is
Vodoun cosmology in relationship to Afa.
Though there are perhaps various ways West African

Vodoun cosmology can be presented, what will be offered here is

only one perspective of how sexuality and different forms of sexual

expression is viewed within the Mami Wata Yeveh Vodoun tradition.
If there is any inconsistencies in words, one can rest assure that in
deed, Mami and the gods will prevail in making their wishes known.
As previously stated the Se Lid6, (known as the “Ori” in

Yoruba cosmology), is possessed by all humans, and is the primary
vital spirit or consciousness that contains ones cognitive and
creative intelligence, short and long term memories, spiritual gifts
if present, sexual identity (not gender), inherent weakness and
strengths, and ones personal destiny, all presented to the world in
a human vehicle (body) at birth. Combined, these characteristics
earned by the Se Lido from previous incarnations, amounts to the
formation of ones potential personality.
It is the inherent quality of these innate characteristics, and

how they are identified, balanced, harnessed and cultivated, that will
ultimately determine the success of ones physical and spiritual
journey while on Earth. The force which fuels the Se Lido or that
which gives us life is understood to be the “Ahomeé’ or “Nu”
meaning the “divine spark or breath” of the Divine African Mother
in both her “masculine and feminine” aspects. Most refer to these
forces as simply “masculine and feminine polarities.”
In Ewe cosmology, if one is born “gay, lesbian, bi-sexual,

transgendered,” etc., in this life, it is understood that they would
not return in their incarnation as “gay or lesbian etc.,” because
gender is viewed as biologically determined, and sexual identity is
considered a condition of the Se Lidé (Ori), meaning of ones human
personality, and thus, not a permanent condition of their Se Wésagu
“root ancestral soul.”
During ancient times and even presently, where Afa and the
Vodoun are strong, when a child is born, it was understood that the
physical body, and the Se Lido (Ori) of the child would need
adjustment (alignment) if the child was to grow-up in the family clan
system and continue the lineages through traditional heterosexual
marriages and reproduction. Equally important, “spirit alignment”

was based upon the nature of ones primary Kpoli (destiny; reason
for coming into the world).
Traditionally, when the newborn child is taken before a

competent diviner, all aspects of the physical body, and the Se Lido
(Ori) of the child was carefully examined, and if required, special
ceremonies prescribed to bring about the correct harmony and
balance between the two, ( Se Lidé and body) so that the child would
not suffer or be hindered from their agreed Kpoli (destiny)in life.
INDIVIDUAL DESTINY RULES OVER SEXUALITY
During these in-depth inquires into the Se Lido (Ori), of the

child, it was automatic that his or her sexual orientation, which is
controlled by the Se Lid6é (Ori), if not properly aligned would also
need adjustment. This was not performed in a socially or politically
conscious manner, but rather instinctive on the part of the diviner,
priestess etc.,. In the same manner that the mid-wife would notice
an infant who might exit the womb with an elongated cranium from
the mother squeezing too tightly, or entering the world draped in
a caul. These physical and spiritual adjustments were automatic, all
signaling a message to the diviner additional pertinent information
on the nature of a person’s destiny.
Generally, if a predominance of either the masculine or the

feminine polarity exists, it could manifest itself in the child’s
sexuality, or personality either for or against their assigned destiny.
In fact, the predominance of one polarity over the other is one of the
most common conditions at birth, and ceremonies were
traditionally prescribed by Afa to perform before the child reached
the age of five. If it has been determined that this condition exists,
and the child does not have these ceremonies performed before the
child reaches the age of five, he or she may grow-up with a
different sexual orientation or other behavior patterns that may or
may not benefit their present destiny.
To further complicate matters, a “balance of polarities” is

also relative to the individual’s Kpoli (destiny)in relation to the Se Lidé
(Ori), and does not necessarily imply a 50/50 exactness. For
example, there are some individuals whom it might be determined

possess an “overly masculine” nature that if not “softened” could

lead to criminality, abuse or even mass murder.
There are some women that if their Se Lidd (Ori) is not

“masculinized” might lead to over passivityin which they might later
become the object of abuse, or might not possess enough strength
in her Se Lido to succeed at her destiny. In both cases, though the
infant might be born possessing the “correct” balance of both
principles, they might in the end require adjustment ceremonies to
place their Se Lid6é (Ori) in a condition which will offer them the best
advantage at succeeding at their agreed upon destiny.
To complicate the matter even further, there are some who

are born with the Se Joto [soto] of an ancestor that might be male, or
female and dominate their own Se Lidd (Ori) rendering the
appearance of “over femininity” or masculinity, and they must
remain this way, as a “trosuvi,” and as an honor to that ancestor.
This, is also understood to be why some men might express an
“unexplainable feeling” of being “a women trapped in a mans
body,” or some women might possess an irresistible urge to dress
in men’s clothing, or men are attracted to other men, or women to
women etc..,.
Conversely, once the child passes the age of five years, no

amount of psychotherapy, drugs, religious conversion, ostracism,
hatred, moral pontificating, or human intervention can alleviate the
now innate urges, because, according to Ewe theology, it is now a
permanent part of their Se Lidd (Ori) that can never be adjusted if it
was not done at birth. Thus, when a “gay or lesbian, transgendered”
etc.,person attempts to explain to the world that “/ am born this
way,” they are literally speaking the truth, as it is understood in Ewe
cosmology.
INITIATION AS GAY, LESBIAN, TRANSGENDERED
There is hardly a family in America which does not contain

a member or family members who are gay or lesbian. In post
colonial Africa, Africans who were lost to the traditional rites of their
clans either through forced or voluntary migration into foreign lands

where the traditions did not exist, or due to their voluntary or forced
conversion to a religion with a different theology, and now as adult
live openly “gay or lesbian lives, "would automatically be brought
under the care of the Vodou Thoussou. The ancestral pantheon of
deities who protect and bring blessings to the physically gifted and
different.
The spiritual justification for this action is that the Se Lido
(Ori) in whatever balance one might be born is in most cases,
considered a gift from the Divine Mother, and usually accompanies
other gifts i.e., music, art, writing, high intellectual acumen etc...
GAY COMMUNITY LARGE IN DIASPORA
Though “being gay” was perhaps never intended as a “culture of

sexuality,” and as gays and lesbians are fully integrated into society,
it will become even less so. Nevertheless the “gay community” is a
significant manifestation in the African-American Diaspora, and as
primary carriers of the deities of their ancestors, is therefore a
“condition” of the Spirits as well.
Within
the Mami Wata Vodoun, there have been cases
where women or men have presented themselves whom it is
revealed that “experimenting” with different forms of sexuality
would prove nuvo (bad) for their spirit. There are priests who have
presented themselves and might be informed that they cannot
initiate gays or lesbians, and there are those who present
themselves in which the above restrictions do not apply.
AFRICAN TRADITIONAL CLERGY MUST REMAIN NEUTRAL
Because it is not in the history of African religious culture to

suddenly (in Africa) be confronted with having to accommodate a
“gay and lesbian culture’, the clergy too will need time to re-learn
how to appropriately integrate those whom Afa sends to them in
addressing their particular spiritual needs in a politically and morally
neutral environment.

It is important to allow the Spirit to communicate the

appropriate spiritual needs of the individual. Therefore, how the
priestesses/priests might personally believe in the end is immaterial,
once they have agreed to divine for a client. Socially, this acceptance
might progress slower, because these factors are controlled by
political forces that typically do not enter into the equation if one is
consulting Afa/Mami/or the Vodoun.
WORD OF CAUTION
The Mami Wata Yeveh Vodoun is what might be defined

today as an “orthodox” Vodoun tradition. It is ancestrally centered,
and cosmologically grounded as one of the original religions of
Africa, and the oldest “Earth” religion in the world. The deities that
make-up its extensive pantheon are powerful, and active in the lives
of its devotees. The deities and the ancestors are responsible for
dictating moral and divine law as it pertains to the wisdom of its own
sphere which is meant to reflect in the lives of its clergy and of it
devotees while guiding their Kpoli (destiny) on Earth.
West African Vodoun is not Haitian Vodou, nor is it a

syncretize set of beliefs borrowed from other religious systems. It
exists under its own logos created by Ma-wu. A legitimate priest of
the Mami Wata Vodoun are not allowed to abuse nor to exploit nor
to issue forth their will over the will of the Vodoun. It is therefore
viewed as a serious and legitimate path to connect to ones Kpoli
(destiny) and divine soul. There are rewards and there are
consequences for ones good and bad actions. The Mami Wata Yeveh
Vodoun is not be taken lightly. One must be strong, serious and
determined.
Conversely, although it is long over due that the gay and
lesbian communities have accomplished some gains in Human
Rights, through aggressive, and consistent political action, it is
important to understand that the door does not swing “wide open,”
in the Mami Wata Vodoun tradition. The decision of how one
empresses any aspect of their lives including their sexuality if they
are seeking guidance from Afa,/Mami/Vodoun is based upon ones
individual destiny, and whatever else is prescribed by Afa, or Mami
or the Vodoun.

The operative term in the above explanation is “individual

destiny.” There are some individuals where it might be in their Kpoli
(destiny)to experience life as a gay or lesbian, and there are countless
others where it is not, but who are “practicing” different sexualities
because it has become “popular culture,” or the political climate is
ripe. | This approach in the end, might prove counter-productive to
both their Se Lidé (Ori) and to their overall destiny.
Additionally, transgendered men and women who have

undergone the delicate and expensive operations to make their
gender compatible with their Se Lidé (Ori), or men who are in denial
about their sexuality and who engage in sexual relations with women
during the day, and men at night (The “Down Low’), must seriously
examine the conduciveness of not informing the unknowing partner.
For example, a heterosexual male or female who may not be aware
that an individual is transgendered, and whose Se Lido (Ori)
absolutely forbids their engaging in sexual relations with a
biologically born male, or female. Or a woman who does not know
her mate is also sleeping with men, and their Se Lido (Ori), forbids
this behavior, creates spiritual implications that are more than social
or cultural for both parties.
Finally, “Gay Rights” in terms of Mami and the Yeveh Vodoun

does not establish carte blanche license to beat down the doors of a
priestess/priests, demanding to have the Vodoun or Mami on ones
personal terms. Or to accuse the priestess/priests of being
“homophobic” when they are simply obeying the commands of the
spirits, which in the end, serves the clients best interest. Becoming
angry, “political” and defensive will never convince the deities to
accept ones political or moral position, though it will rightly offend
them, and therefore could place the complainer in serious danger. It
is important to respect the Vodoun and Mami, and to keep in mind
that they are not on Earth to serve the personal agendas or egoistical
needs of humans. It simply will never happen.
What is being said applies toall. Itis Afa/Mami/Vodoun who

determines wether an individual may be allowed to manifest or
continue a pattern of sexual or personal behaviors which might aid
or sabotage their prescribed Kpoli (destiny) while on Earth.

If it sabotages either theirs or someone else’s then it becomes

“immoral.” If it benefits the individual, then it is good. For the
priestess/priests of the Mami Wata Vodoun, during divination of a
client, these issues are neither personal nor political, but are
determined through proper divination.

Nou mon d6 mé si bé djiré

O Fa do houi ma djiré
Nou mon d6 ma djiré
Yékou-donsa e kpoli
Do houi ma djiré 6
Translation:
AFA tells us not to become envious, critical

, judgmental or jealous of another. Accept
and give thanks for what we have been
given. Jealously and envy is not good for the
soul.

NOTES
“most of my information is a product of my godparents and training and experience in

working with and meeting Bokons in Togo.
1. -Massey, Gerald."A Book of the Beginnings’ (New York: A & B Publishers, 1994), p. 245.
2. Manoukian, Madeline. "The Ewe Speaking People of Togoland and the Gold Coast"
(London: International African Institute 1952), p. 9.
3. Diner, Helen. "Mothers and Amazons: The First Feminine History of Culture’ (New York:
DoubleDay Anchor Press, 1973) p. 38.
3. Ibid. p. 116.
4. Hurston, Zoara. Tell My Horse: Voodoo and Life in Haiti and Jamaica Illus. by Ishmael
Reed. paperback. HarperCollins, 1990, p. 221-223.
Other Main References
1. Herskovits, M.J. and Hersovits, F.S.. Dahomean Narrative. A Cross-Cultural Analysis’

(Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1998).
2. — Dahomey: An Ancient West African Kingdom, vols. | and 2. Evanston, IL: .
Northwestern University Press. [1938] 1967.
3. Riviere, Claude. "Mythes Et Rites De La Naissance Chez Les Eve. Annales de L'universite
Du Benin: Traditions Togolaises. No. Special 1979, p 125-151.
4. De Surgy, Albert. Les cérémonies de I'initiation 4 Afa ches les populations ewe de
littoral. L'universite Du Benin: Traditions Togolaises. No. Special 1979.. p. 65-94
Maupoil, Bernard. "La G,eomancie L'ancienne C’te des Esclaves' (Paris: L'universit,
de Paris,
194 3).
5. Bascom, William. "/fa Divination: Communication between Gods and Men in West
Africa’ (Blooming dale & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1991).
6. Hazoumé, Paul. Le Pact de Sang au Dahomey. Paris: Institut D’'Ethnologie, 1956.
7. Alapini, Julien. Les noix sacrées. Etude compléte de Fa-Ahidégoun génie de la sagesse
et de la divination au Dahomey. Monte-Carlo, 1950.

PART NINE
MAMI PATRON DEITIES FROM THE ANCIENT
WORLD TO THE DIASPORA
ttt
AWUSSA
MAMI GOD/DESS OF FATE & FORTUNE
Fig 1: 300 B.C.E. Awussa (Al-Uzza), Astrological ‘Wheel of Fate, on the

temple of Manatu at Petra (the “red-rose city”). Located in a great rift
valley east of Wadi Musa (Valley of Moses) in present day Jordan.
Ancient kingdom of matriarchal, Afro-Nabataeans /Sabeans ©Abrams
wussa is one of the most important Mami deities in the Yeveh Mami
Wata Vodoun pantheon. Anciently knownas “Al-Uzza,”she is by far
the most predominate Mami deity in the African-American Diaspora,
and has her neolithic roots in the pre-Islamic, matrilineal cultures, where
her worship covered a vast area of the ancient Afro-Mediterranean world
including in ancient Mesopotamia. Her worship extended into southern
Iran, Syria, Jordan, Saudi Arabia; Egypt and Libya and into southern
Ethiopia. It covered the entire Sudan, stretching across the Sudanese
desert, all the way westerly into the Senegambia regions where it most
likely originated.
592 MAMI PATRON DEITIES

ANCIENT AFRICAN HISTORY
During pre-historic times, the “pure” (white) Arabs called the

entire region “Su-Dan/Sudan” meaning “land of the blacks,”' or “black
serpent tribes of Dan?” A region that covered far more expanse territory
geographically than where Sudan is currently situated south of Egypt
and east of Ethiopia. This region was dominated by several powerful
kingdoms, ruled by multi-ethnic groups/sibs of black, matrilineal, ascetic
clans, who paid homage to AFUzza (Awussa) and a pantheon of other
deities, and ancestors.
OLDEST BLACK MATRIARCHIES OF THE SERPENT SPIRIT
As some of the oldest matrilineal black clans, they existed in

these regions unspoiled by foreign invasions for more than forty
centuries. They were known under a variety of names, the most scantily
documented are the Garamantes, the Nabateans, (Nubians) and the
Sabaeans. The Nabateans, (derived from “Nabi/Naba” meaning “serpent
prophetess/prophets”), and “Saba” also (meaning “serpent’). They
celebrated their spiritual heritage as being direct descendants from the
Ethiopian (Cushites) clans of the Korites, and of the Edomites, including
the clans of Hagar, Ketu-Ra (Ketura) and others.’
INVENTOR OF HORSE DRAWN CHARIOT

(FIRST DIVINE VEHICLE OF MAMI AWUSSA)
The Garamantes, are some of the oldest matriarchal clans, and

possibly the pre-historic ancestral sibs of the Akan, Ewe, Dan Adangbe
and other groups. They maintained a powerful kingdom in southern
Libya, and were the first inventors of the horse drawn chariot, and other
technologies. They also hold the distinction of establishing the first all
female militia known as the mighty Amazons, and to have settled into
ancient Crete, as some of the early builders of the great lonian, Mycenae,
and Minoan empires.

QUEEN SHEBA SIBYL PROPHETESS

DESCEND FROM SERPENT WORSHIPING CLANS
The Nabateans (Nubians) claim matrilineal descent from their

queen mother Bashemath (“sweet-smelling”) a black, (Ewe?) Hattian
(Hittite), who ruled the clan of Ishmael before it became a patriarch, and
the Sabaeans claim descent from Queen Zenobia and "Mama-Kere, (Ma-
keda), popularly known as the “Queen of Sheba,” who is the only queen
of which documentation exists that actually describes her as a Sibyl
(prophetess). Her matrilineal kingdoms in Yemen and beyond were in
existence, ruled by a continuous succession of queen mothers for more
than twenty-five centuries. *
ORIGINAL TRIBES OF ISHMAEL AND

ABRAHAM WERE MATRIARCHAL
(WORSHIPED THE ETHIOPIAN MAMI GOD/DESS
TA-MESA /KORE)
It was the Nabatean queen Bashemath’s

granddaughter Zipporah, (meaning “bird” or
“dove’), a Sibyl/Mamissii high priestess of Awussa,
Fig 2: Ta-Mesa “Kore” who married Musa (Moses). It was through her
ancient (now Europeanized) family’s totemic ancestral and Mami deities, that
Mami goddess whom the
Musa was initiated by them into the Mami Wata
Greeks called “Kore” Her
pre-Islamic name _ was mysteries. Emblematic of his rank, he was
“Quraysh, Qu’ran”, and is bestowed the sacred thyrsis (serpent staff), which
the ancestral clan of
was imbued not with the power of “Jehovah” as
Abraham, whose father
Azar made a_ living patriarchal revisionists have claimed, but with that
constructing her black of Mami and the thundergods. Only Mami could
images as votive offerings.
part the waters, or allow Her prophetess, and
Notice corn-rolls. During
the coionial invasions and prophets to “walk on Her sacred waters.”
takeover of the black
matriarchal temples, all of
It was also from the Korite clans (born of
her images were either
destroyed or mace-over in the blood of the black goddess “Kore’) from whom
European, Arab, or Abraham, (who was neither a Jew nor an Arab),
Byzantine (Turkish) face.
and Ishmael, the father of Bashemath descended.
See notes for more info.
@©Alinari

ABRAHAM'S FATHER DESCEND FROM LINE OF

DIVINER/ASTROLOGERS
(MADE LIVING CONSTRUCTING VOTIVE IMAGES OF MAMI KORE)
Terah (Azar) Abraham’s father, a black Chaldean from Ur

(ancient Babylon) was descended from a line of astrologers (diviners) and
sculptures who made their family wages constructing votive images of
their Mami goddess of vegetation (“Kore’).
ABRAHAM‘S WIFE “SARAH” INITIATE OF MAML-ISIS
Constructing votive images of Mami is an ancient, African,

matriarchal tradition, practiced by Abraham and his wife “Sara”
(originally Sarai/Sara-Iswati ‘child of Isis”) that was already thousands of
years old. Later it was to be carried by the matriarchal clans into /onia,
Minoa Mycenae and Asia Minor.
ABRAHAM FIRST TO REBEL AGAINST DIVINE AFRICAN

MOTHER (STORY OF “CALL FROM GOD” PATRIARCHAL,
REVISIONISTS FABLE)
Ur from which the word “Horus” is etymologically rooted, is

actually an ancient Egyptian word, meaning to “anoint” with red ochre,
blood, palm oil or “Chriso” meaning “to grease.” It was from this clan of
Abraham's (whose name was originally Abrahm or Brahma) and others,
who would become the original “Hebrew patriarchs” that rebelled and
broke away from their African mother goddess, to found their new
patriarchal religion. *
UPROAR OVER MUSA (MOSES) MARRYING

ZIPPORAH NOT DUE TO RACE (MOSES WAS MARRYING
INTO MATRIARCHAL SPIRITUAL CLAN RESENTED BY EMERGING
AFRICAN PATRIARCHS)
The so-called “uproar” over Musa (Moses) marrying Zipporah

an “Ethiopian woman” had absolutely nothing to do with her being black,

because, all the original clans were black. It had everything to do with
her “religion,” meaning that she was from the old, established royal
matriarchal, Mami-lsis/Amengansie/Sibyls, of which the growing
patriarchal clans were usurping, and looting their kingdoms, and
exterminating those who would not submit to the new patriarchal order.
As has been the custom since the beginning of time, it was through
Zipporah, who carried the divine blood of Mami, that Musa (Moses)
would claim his own divine lineage and power.
MATRIARCHAL NABATEANS (NUBIANS) PROSPEROUS

INTERNATIONAL TRADERS
Under Mami, the Nabateans (Nubians) became prosperous traders

and market women. They dominated the important trade routes, where
they built desert empire states, which reigned at least fifteen
generations. In the Sudan, the major city states included the kingdoms
of Nubia, Napata, Darfour, Wadi, and Bornu-Kanem. In the (Senegambia),
they include the Houssa states of Kororofa, Nupé, So, Borgu, Gurma,
Mossi, Fulbe (Fulani), Songai and the mande state of Joloff. Their most
recent Nabatean kingdom stretched into ancient Syria, with its holy
capitol, Petra (meaning “omphaé, stone or rock”) located in Wadi Musa
(“the desert of Moses’) in present day Jordan. ° These black queen
mothers ruled their kingdoms and were well established in the ancient
world for centuries by the time their own male clansmens, (and later
“white”*) Arab shepherds, usurped their religious traditions and imposed
their version of radical Islam.
PROSPEROUS MATRIARCHAL PETRA EMPIRE OF

JORDAN LASTED 700 YEARS UNTIL FORCED TO
CONVERT TO PATRIARCHAL ISLAM
The prosperous Petra empire of ancient Jordan lasted 700 years,

until it was weakened first by its own clansmen, who had already began
a campaign of encouraging their new patriarchal Islamic rule upon the
well established matriarchs. They were further weakened by the
continuing invasions of the “pure” (Northwest) Arab Shepards, whom
under Mohammed, forcibly converted them to their radical version of
Islam. Next, followed the Levitical Jews and then the Roman “Christians”.
The same groups who are fighting for global hegemony even until
today.

(“‘pure” meaning nomadic Arab shepards not mixed with African mother
blood). However, the historical attribution of “pure” Arabs developing
Islam is completely untrue. There is ample archeological and anecdotal
evidence to support that only the philosophical and many of the
theological tenets of Islam were corrupted by these now “white”
patriarchal invaders to favor an absolute patriarchal, hegemonic rule of
“Allah,” and the suppression of the African goddesses and_ their
matriarchal culture.
NABATEAN AND SABAEAN CLANS ARE NOT “EXTINCT
History claims that these Nabatean and Sabaean clans are now
“extinct.” The presence of A-Uzzah (Awussa) in the Mami Wata Yeveh
Vodoun and Tchamba ancestral traditions contradicts completely this
bogus assertion. The historical-political and cultural connection with the
ancient past that these queen mothers (Akovis) continue to maintain in
their devotion to Mami the Vodou (Jinn) and ancestors now in West
Africa. The historic connection where many of their descendants were
met with enslavement and oppression in the West, has never been made
and is even completely ignored, and even denied by many Western
scholars.
PRINCIPLE MAMI DEITIES OF BLACK PRE-MOHAMMED

ISLAM
During pre-Mohammed Islam, the principle Mami deities for the

Nabateans (Nubians) and Sabaeans, were Ali-lat, Al-Uzzah, (“the
almighty, and morning star”), whose shrines were between Al Talf and
Mecca, and Ma-Anat (goddess of destiny), whose shrines were along the
road between Mecca and Medina. In some locations Atergatis (Ali-at)
was the chief deity along with her consort “Hu-bal/Hu-bul” (Dionysus)
who was also associated with the moon. That fact that the masculine
Hu-bal was associated with the moon is clear evidence of the antiquity of
this particular tradition, because astrologically all of the major Mami
deities were worshiped as both sun and moon.

Mamiaissi Vivian Hunter-Hindrew Mami Wata: Africa's Ancient God/dess Unveiled
With the merging of the many matriarchal clans (perhaps for

survival), these Mami, totemic and ancestral deities names would be
grouped or merged into more than 630 images, and known by even
more appellations, to include Ali-
at/Ishtar/Atergatis,Mari/ Astarte/Al-
Uzzah (goddess of love, later known as
“Aphrodite’) and Ma-Anat/Tyche the
goddess of astrology/Destiny/Fate.
ALI-AT AND AL-UZZAH

ORIGINALLY SYMBOLIZED AS
THE KA’ABA (BLACK
OMPHAE STONE)
It was Ali-at and Al-Uzzah who was

Fig 3: As shown from inside jacket,
symbolized as the Ka’aba (originally
here is a modified image from a
drawing of a per-Islamic Al-Uzzah in Temple of the Moon-goddess’) the holy
mermaid form with piscine- black, granite omphaé stone. All major
serpentine tail extremities. In her
Mami deities in their feminine form
hand is a cornucopia symbolizing he
generative role as the “Mother of were originally worshiped as_ black
Vegetation,” and abundance. This stones, some which were reputed to
mermaid image was found on the
have “fallen from heaven, or the sky.”
gates of a Mohammedan king in
Lucknow, India as part of the royal An ancient ceremony which is still in
seal and signature of tne royal palace. practice during annual ancestral
Al-Uzzah's crescent moon was also
celebrations in Togo, West Africa. A
none other than a modified serpent.
She is one of the most powerful and priest of Heviosso is sent into the forest
beloved Mami deities in the Mami to gather the sacred Epe-Ekpe: stone,
Wata Yeveh Vodoun pantheon.Many
which depending on its color can
in the Diaspora carry her
cosmogentic spirit, and many have forecast either good or bad fortune for
come forward to reclaim their the community.
“Mother” heritage.

FOLLOWERS OF AL-UZZA
WERE ASCETIC, GROUP OF MATRILINEAL NOMADS
Manny of the followers of Al-Uzza were an ascetic, highly

spiritual group of matrilineal nomads and traders, headed by queen
princesses, and a temple haram (harem) of Mami priestesses, and sadhus
(ascetic priests). Many wore their hair in long locs, did not touch the
dead, nor attend funerals (even of relatives), and were meticulous about
their worship, hygiene, morals and taboos. They spoke and wrote in
Aramaic, Mande, Fulbe and Houssa. It was these women who gave birth
to the divinities and tended to the sacred shrines, through hereditary
right. They acquired wealth, and as Amazonian warriors, they led the
men in battle, and chose their husbands.
AL-UZZAH WAS ONE OF THE THREE HOLY VIRGINS

(WORD “WATA” OF “MAMI WATA” HAS ITS ETYMOLOGICAL ROOTS)
Al-Uzzah was one of the triune (trinity) consisting of the “Three

Holy Virgins,”® (‘virgin” meaning “not married”) “Ali-at, Kore, and
Awussa’. The queen priestesses representing the Holy African Mother,
could bestow both blessings and curses’. As highly skilled and gifted
astrologers and astronomers it was they who actually invented the
Arabic “graffiti script and sand divination, now credited to the pure”
Arabs. Even the present day use of the word “Wata” of “Mami Wata”
also has its etymological roots here, since it is from this language group
that the actual spelling of the word “Wata” is found. “Uati” being the
ancient Egyptian original spelling.
MAMI DEITIES CONDEMNED AS “DEVILS OF SATAN,”
These Mami deities of “Islam” were condemned under

patriarchal Islam and Christianity as “devils of Satan.” A dubious title
which remains until today. Their worshipers still being slaughtered and
their priestesses condemned as “witches,” in Southern Sudan and
elsewhere in Africa. In West Africa, though more tolerant, the Mami
Wata priestesses hold no viable political or economic power, and their
role as “queen mothers” is largely symbolic and limited to their own
egbes, though they do enjoy the most autonomy as independent
women.

THE HOLY KAABA WELL ESTABLISHED BEFORE

MOHAMMED'’S TIME
We learn from Herodotus, Forbenius and Diodorus that the

worship of Dionysus (Hu-bal) and Atergatis (Ali-at) and Al-Uzzah
(Awussa), was well established long before Mohammed's time.
AFRICAN DEITIES “PURE” ARABS CALLED “JINN”

(GENIES) AND LATER CONDEMNED AS “DEVILS”
Though Mohammed also credits himself with the installation of

the Holy Ka’aba, the historical record is clear that it was long established
for hundreds (perhaps even several thousands) of years before his
existence. The sacred Ka’aba stone was originally surrounded by more
than 360 other minor (but important) nature and ancestral deities and
each Islamic family maintained shrines. Most honoring their particular
founding ancestors and deities, of which a representative of its form was
placed in the Ka’aba next to Atergatis (Ali-at) and Al-Uzzah (Awussa).
These deities, the “pure” Arabs called “Jinn,” (genies) and later “devils.”
BLACK KA’ABA STONE ORIGINALLY FEATURED WITH

TWO BLACK DOVES
Contrary to what contemporary Islamists have written, the black

stone was originally featured with two black doves, and a representation
of Al-Uzzah or Atergatis worshiped also as the Black Venus, or Black Dia-
Ana, and who was called “Ali-lat” by the ancient Phoenicians/Canaanites.
An expansion of the worship of Astarte, this sacred black stone, is one of
the earliest terrestrial manifestations of the black goddess, its round
omphaé shape constructed by special priests and priestesses, with
annual sacrifices and other ceremonies performed as required.
MOHAMMED’S ORDERS KA’ABA’S CHIEF SHRINE OF

THE HOLY AFRICAN MOTHER BE RECONSTRUCTED
It was under Mohammed's orders that the Ka’aba’s chief shrine

of the Holy African Mother be reconstructed, removing her images and
the sacred doves, and erecting it into the corner instead of the original

center of the Ka’aba. It is for this reason that “Afa” under the sacred odu
Tula Meji speaks out against this crime of desecration and sacrilege of
Mami, and warns against accepting this new brand of patriarchal Islam,
it being not of Her seed. In 930 (C.E.,) after the death of Mohammed, a
struggle for regional hegemony between the Fatimids (his ruling party)
and the competing Qarmatians (a sect of Shi'ite Ismalis) ensued. The
latter attacked Mecca and took the sacred Ka’aba stone and smashed it
into several pieces, transporting it back to their Capital al-Ahsa in
eastern, Saudia Arabia. The rock was eventually retrieved and patched
together with silver wire. Today, millions of Africans and other
devotees flock to view, kiss, and worship the black stone, as they have
done for thousands of years, believing it to have always represented
their “Allah”, and the spirit which is Al-Uzzah has long ago departed, and
resides with its matriarchal heirs where she is still honored in the Mami
Wata Yeveh Vodoun.
TRADITIONAL RITES OF ISLAM FIRST ESTABLISHED BY

BLACK MATRIARCHS
That the sacred ceremonies of the Moslem Haji pre-dates Islam and
were established by Mami Al-Uzzah long before Islam ever existed
including the annual pilgrimages of Ka’aba, the fast of Ramadan, the
shaving of heads, animal sacrifices, praying several times a day, the
giving of alms, Friday's prayers, ritual bathing, ablutions, taboos against
incest, the “throwing of stones” in Wady Mina (sacred mountain) etc., is
well established. Additionally, the tradition of hanging sacred verses
upon the Ka’aba from the Sabaa, or (Seven) Moallaqat a sacred collection
of inspired prose, wisdom, and maxims of Mami, of which the Qu’ran
was heavily influenced, was an ancient custom.

DILEMMA OF “PURE” ARABS CREDITED WITH QU’RAN

(BOOK OF MAMI KORE) AND “CIVILIZING” NORTH
AFRICANS
That many of the moral tenets in the Qu’ran (book of Kore)

were already written and in practice long before Mohammed, has been
well known and admitted by only a few honest scholars. Moreover,
although the “pure” Arabs have been accorded the political spoils in
history of “civilizing” the North Africans with a “higher religion and
culture”, the aforementioned evidence which speaks to the contrary, has
always posed a political and theological dilemma for present day
adherents and historians to explain away. From the onset, it is Forbenius
who correctly informs us that:
Wherever Islamism exists in the Soudan it is underpinned by older civilizations,

the height of which must not be undervalued ... the Sudanese [superior] dress is
pre-Islamic, [and] they had prayers .. . and their gestures cannot be other than
inherited from a immemorial past, since the heathen tribes in the remotest districts
have them too ...1 would even go so far as to maintain that the Islamist got his
clothing from [none other] than the Negro. (p. 359).
HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL QUANDARY OF

MOHAMMED’S QUESTIONABLE ANCESTRY
For centuries, scholars have struggled with the historical and

political quandary of explaining Mohammed's questionable ancestry. The
Arabs claim him to be of “pure” Arab stock, meaning not mixed with
African mother blood. Yet Mohammed himself claims his descent from
the original patriarch Abraham. It has already been established that
Abraham descends from the matriarchal Cushitic tribes of the Mami
goddess of vegetation, “Kore.” If true, this makes Mohammed an
African, and a usurper of his own divine mother, of whom he had
diminished in the Qu’ran to his daughters, or worst as “agents of Satan.”
It was this theme that was humored by Salman Rushdie in his infamous
book, “The Satanic Verses.” Rushdie still remains under a lifelong death
threat by Islamic extremists.

In Africa, Mohammed's job in “converting the infidels” was not

as difficult as history claims. By the time he arrived on the scene in 622
(C.E.), many of these African clans principally the Mandes, Fulbes,
Moroccans, and the Songhai, had largely abandon their matriarchal
customs, and had fully converted and established Islam in North Africa,
destroying the harams (Mami temples), and installing “Allah” as the sole
god. In fact, according to Forbenius, Mohammed never made it past the
Sudan, which further confirms that the culture and tradition of Islam was
an ancient matriarchal system, and that the usurpation of their
sacerdotal powers was the result of an internal struggle, as it had
occurred with the Mamaissii/Siblys temples (omphaés) in Egypt, Ethiopia
Libya and Asia Minor.
THE HOLY KORAN ONCE ORDERED THAT THE MAMI

DEITIES BE WORSHIPED NOW CHANGED
Now that the established African, patriarchal clans usurped the

sacerdotal power of their ancient matriarchal mothers, Mohammed
simply took it a step further, by imposing many of the repressive laws
which restrict their personal, political, religious and economic liberties.
The Holy Koran that once ordered that the Mami deities be worshiped
(Surah 53:19-20) had been modified in the new books, or eliminated
altogether.
FULBES (FULANI) FIRST TO BEGIN THE WHOLESALE

TRAFFICKING IN SLAVES STARTING WITH THE OLD
MATRIARCHAL CLANS
Additionally, many of the queen mothers, and Mami devotees

refusing to submit, fled in progressive waves further towards West
Africa. Unfortunately too, it was from these groups, especially the Fulbes
(Fulani) who first began the wholesale trafficking of these queen
mothers and their sibs as concubines and slaves to the “pure” white
Arabs. Selling off first those spiritually threatening members of these
older matriarchal sibs. The rest fleeing and establishing themselves
further West. The Fulani groups are also believed to be amongst the

oldest Africans (from the Phrygians) of which all Africans are in some
manner ancestrally connected.
MAMI AWUSSA AND FULANI PREFIGURE STRONGLY

IN SLAVE SIBS OF THE TCHAMBA
It is for this reason that the Fulani prefigure so strongly in the

West African slave sibs of the Tchamba. It is under Mami who have
resurrected the souls of these matriarchs, and those who sold them to
now serve their descendants as part of their divine restitution. This is
what makes the Tchamba such a powerful ancestral system, because all
Africans enslaved anywhere in the world, are brought back under the
domain of the Tchamba.
Today, Awussa’s and Atergatis (now lyensu), Tyche (Ayido-

wedo) worship is wide in West Africa (esp. Mail, Ghana, Togo, Benin,
Upper & Lower Volta). Additionally, upon first glance one cannot often
different between a West African Muslim and a Mami Wata priest/ess of
Awussa. Many of these Muslims who still respect Mami, become
diviners, and it is from these “Mami Muslim” priest/ess where the
strongest gbo (gri-gris) can be found.
ittt

BYZANTIUM AWUSSA
Fig 4: Afro-Byzantium marble statue of Awussa “Nana” in her Generative from as

Mother of Fertility. In her hand she is holding a pomegranate, the sacred symbol par
excellence of uterine fecundity. Pomegranates symbolizing the blood of the Divine
African Mother, and the seed of the solar father once decorated the columns of King
Solomon, and were sacred to an entire solar cult of black priests of Attis (meaning ‘the
first’), son of the Black Cybele. VI B.C.E.

HOLY OMPHAE MINTED COIN OF

AFRICAN MATRIARCHS
Fig 5 Minted Afro-Greek (Eleusinia)

coin of sacred Omphaé of Mami.
Awussa/Al-Uzzah
Fig 5:
Above is a minted coin ( location not given) decorated with the sacred, ancestral
python of the worshipers of Mami A/-Uzzah. It is contained in a Boss (woven
basket), surrounded by a serpentine wreath of alternating ivy and grapes,
representing the complementary forces of both Mami and the solar ancestral
python. Depending on the African lineages, it could represent Osiris, Dio-Nissi
(Dionysus), Dekalion, (“Deka” in Ewe means “the first’). All representing the same
solar principle, as the first father ancestor who rose from the celestial waters
birthed from the womb of the divine mother. This was the original “Ark of the
Covenant” or “ship/Argos” that was taken in a sacred procession by queen
mothers (Mamaissii/Siblys/Amengansies) during specified solar phenomena as
indicated by the diviners. The “boss” was taken to the main temple of Ceres
(Adonai/Atergatis/lyensu), at Beth-le-hem, (Hig. Vol. 1. P. 177) where special rites
and festive celebrations were performed. When the sacerdotal powers of these
black matriarchs was usurped, these divine privileges were transferred to the minor
volcano deity “Jehovah,” whom it was placed in his mouth by “biblical” authors that
he demanded to “reign alone”.

AWUSSA OF ANCIENT ELAM
Fig. 6: Ancient Elamite (hal-tamtu) Temple of Mami Goddess

Ishtar Athyr/Ul-wuzza as African Divine Mother.
1170-1151 B.C. Susa.
Fig. 6: Relief from Elamite temple of the original black Ishtar/Athyr/Al-Uzzah,

located in the ancient Ethiopian capitol city of Suas. Susa, built by the black
Shepard King Memnon, means "City of the Lotus." The Sacred Lily of the Great
Serpent Mother, (Mami-lsis), and probably referring more remotely to
Lotophagi, (sandwiched between Carthage and Memphis), and considered to be
the ancient “Eden” of their birth. Here, Mami’s hands display the enigmatic,
ancestral totemic calf, symbolizing her generative/preservative role as the "Milk
or Nurturing Mother," of her people. Susa was also the capitol of Elam, the
oldest kingdom in ancient Mesopotamia east of Babylonia (now south-west
Iran). Archeological evidence indicate that these black queens (and later) kings
once ruled Mesopotamia (1200 B.C.). It was under their rule, that the serpent
pantheon of deities, many of the sacerdotal, ancestral rites, were spread
throughout ancient Mesopotamia. The rites of Ul-Uzzah was taken to the Afro-
Grecian island of Cyrene and a new mythology created birthing her as
“Aphrodite.”

TYCHE” GODDESS OF FATE AND LUCK
Fig 7: AL-Uzzah and Nike
Fig 7: Romanized, Black Tyche with Nike (Victory) holding her up on the zodiacal
“Wheel of Destiny and Fortune’. As Mistress of the Cosmos, Tyche was responsible for
accurately forecasting the movement of the stars and other planetary bodies. More
importantly, she was responsible for forecasting the spring and autumn newyears, and
the direction of the winds, and other seasonal changes to make certain the celestial
roads for the deities to come down was open. It was during these new years that
sacrifices and other ceremonies were conducted to “eat and celebrate with the gods.”
The zodiacal wheel that she holds is designed where half of it turns clockwise and the
other half turns counterdockwise. The ram is situated in the middle, but may change
depending on the solar god (i.e. bull, fishes etc.,). Pan, who is the present equivalent
to “Legba,” is situated counter clock wise. It is believe to be the historical basis for the
system of Afa divination known in West African Vodoun.
-Petra ruins, Amman, Jordan ©Abrams

EUROPEAN MOTIF OF BLACK AL-UZZA AS

APHRODITE
These artistic designs are not actually European in origin. They originated in the temples
of Mama-lsis, and all throughout the ancient world where they were established. It was
the African priestesses of Aphrodite," god/dess of sensual pleasure and love who
created these stylish designs which have been found in wood carvings of the black
Scythians as early as the seventh century B.C.E. The pre-Islamic clans of Arabia, and
Northern Sudan worshiped Al-Uzza the black Aphrodite.
AWUSSA AS “ TYCHE”
BLACK GODDESS OF FATE AND LUCK
Fig 8: Black Goddess Awussa as “Tyche” Her most

famous and beloved aspects as the Goddess of Fate
Destiny and Luck Turkey, 72. C.E.
ne of the most venerated and widely worshiped

aspects of Awussa (Al-Uzzah) is Tyche (tee-
shay), the venerated goddess of “Fortune, and
Good Luck”, “Protectress of the Nation” and “Mistress of the
Cosmos”. Her name has survived in colloquial expressions,
maxims and words without the world ever being remotely aware
of their African origins. An example of this is one of the arcane
meanings of the French expression “touché,” meaning to
“receive or to draw money,” and the African-American slang “tu-
shay” (“same to you”) are derived. It is Mami Tyche who is
responsible for the fortunes, misfortunes and luck of humans.
In ancient Afro-Grecian and Afro-Roman culture, Mami

Tyche was revered as the goddess who was master of the
oll MAMI PATRON DEITIES

destinies, luck and fate of humans. In Afro-Rome she was known

as “Fortuna” and many _ public
statues and community shrines of
worship were erected to _ her.
Fig 8: 72 A.D., Large colossus of
Awussa as “Tyche,” located
Tyche’s most famous — shrine
near the sacred Taurus where initiations to her took place,
Mountains, in the Adiyaman, was at Argolis, the sacred city in
province of Asia Minor (
southeastern Turkey); where the
southeast Turkey (Asia Minor),
great Euphrates (Firat) River home of the ancient Ethiopian,
flows. Adiyaman was an Mitanni Empire. It was there that
ancient province of the Hittites,
the legendary Palamedes, the
formerly the Ethiopian Mattani
Empire. They were once known great black inventor of hydraulics,
as the [black] Taurians because ( and the game of pessoi, the
Osiris once came and “grazed forerunner of chess), dedicated
their bulls”. Tyche’s head was
once attached to her body, and
the first set of dice ever made to
was positioned next to Apollo her.
and Zeus, and _ Heracles,
[Romanize African gods and
ancestors] but erosion toppled
It was she who ruled the
all of them below ground. In sacred Wheel of Fortune, where
ancient times, it became the expressions “here today gone
fashionable for Greek, Roman,
and Turkish rulers to claim
tomorrow,” or “what the goddess
African divine maternal gives she can take away,” now
lineages, and to build large masculinized to accommodate the
monuments to themselves in
patriarchal religious culture. She
mimicking the style of the
Egyptian Pharaohs and African was often portrayed the same as
kings. This colossus, equipped Awussa, winged, wearing a
with an altar, was built by the crown, and bearing a sceptre and
Roman conquer, Antiochos the
Ill, who claimed African (Syrian)
cornucopia, or sitting in the center
Mother blood, as justification to of the Astrological Wheel of
be worshiped and sacrificed to which she ruled. Tyche, as Black
as an ancestor, following his
death.
Dia-Ana would sometimes be
wearing a blindfold to indicate
“nothing personal,” meaning that
justice was blind, and to each was
given their due. In games of luck
and chance, she might be shown with certain emblems
indicating “risk or chance.”

All manner of luck, such as sudden wealth, regaining

lost inheritance, winning the jackpot, or skill in gambling, was
the work of Mami Tyche. All implements of luck and chance,
especially dice, cards, tarot, astrology and roulette wheels, lotto
tickets, “numbers games”, “rabbits foot,” “silver coins,” “lucky
clovers,” “fat Buddhas,” square knots, and amulets, Tyche is the
original Owner. She could either bless one with wealth and
prosperity, or take part or all of it away as she so desire.
Coincidence, fate, sudden prestige (“15 minutes of fame or
infamy”) sudden slips, (falling, tripping), stubbing that toe, or
bumping that “funny bone,” or any sudden misfortunes i.e.,
bankruptcy, stolen wallets, purses, lost or misplaced cash, or lost
lotto tickets, can all be attributed to Mami Tyche.
Mami Tyche’s shines were as a rule, placed next to

entrance ways along with Legba (Pan in the ancient world), or
near Mami. As a Vodou, she has been merged with Ayido
Wedo (Nike) and is installed in her original serpentine form, next
to Da(n). In Afro-Rome, she was also worshiped as a winged
black woman, messenger of the gods, and was placed in the
hands of all the major Mami goddesses i.e. Black Demeter, Dia-
Ana, Arthemis, Athene etc... In Greece and Rome Tyche
presided over all sporting events and small images of her were
even taken into combat to protect against death.
In the ancient world, no business plans, games of gamb-

ling/luck or chance, professional pursuits, educational ventures
or any other opportunity to “make it rich” or to “win” or to be
successful would be worth its salt, without first propitiating this
black, Mami goddess. Just as Ayido-Wedo is in the Vodou,
Tyche was by far, one of the most beloved and popular Mami
goddesses in the ancient world; and every home, city and village
maintained a shrine or some blessed implement to her.

Additionally, there is no human living who has not

experienced an encounter with Tyche. When one makes a
prayer at a well, or fountain and tosses in a coin, they are
propitiating Mami Tyche. When one “plays the numbers” or
lotto, and “miss winning by one number” that is Mami Tyche.
When ones spends their last dollar on a lotto ticket, or places
their last quarter in the slot machine and win the complete
jackpot, that is Mami Tyche. When one sits at a slot machine
with five-hundred dollars and leave with only one dollar, that is
Mami Tyche. When one robs a bank, or steals something that
don’t belong to them, or commits any crime and can “feel” the
cops at their door, and they really come, that is Mami Tyche, or
“Mama Fate,” knocking at their door. When one has hidden an
embarrassing or painful secret for many years and it reveals
itself in the most usual or unwelcome circumstances, that is
Mami Tyche.
Mami Tyche is intricately tied to the fate and destiny of

humans, that many pray to and propitiate her to make their
chances of unexpected or unusual encounters work to their
benefit. Mami Tyche sees all and knows all, and nothing escapes
her notice or just reward.
When a person is initiated to Da, it is Mami Tyche who

works directly with Da to discern the hearts desires. She might
act on someone's thoughts “be careful what you wish for!,“ Or
she if she feels like it, she might “save that thought’ and throw it
in ones face later. For example, when one bumps into or receives
a telephone call or email from an old friend they were “just “
thinking about’, that is Mami Tyche. When one quietly wishes
that an irritable, disagreeable person would leave their work
place, home or community, and they suddenly do, that is Mami
Tyche. When one wishes that they could make amends with
someone that they have unintentionally offended, and that
persons happens to appear at the same supermarket, community
function, or happened to share a mutual friend that pays you a
visit, that is Mami Tyche.
o14 MAMI PATRON DEITIES

Mami Tyche is also the one who sends warnings, omens,

and intuitions when there might be trouble lurking ahead. When
one awakes in the morning with an “unexplained ominous
feeling of dread,” and the phone rings with news that a loved
one has just died, that is Mami Tyche. If while taking a stroll
down a busy street one accidently bumps into an old woman or
man who looks them square in the face and reads their souls
through expressive eyes, that is Mami Tyche. Or a child who
suddenly and uncharacteristically bursts out with a profound and
revealing statement about a hidden or embarrassing aspect of
ones life or character, that is Mami Tyche warning us to “pay
attention.”
Mami Tyche also has a way of “putting one in their place,”

in the most embarrassing way. When a “too proud and
arrogant,” public personality, friend, neighbor or family member
suddenly suffers misfortune and “loses everything” sometimes
all at once, that is Mami Tyche. When a person who thinks they
are ‘all that’ is suddenly scarred in an accident or ages
“ungracefully,” that is Mami Tyche.
When one proudly flaunts that new car, and it is

damaged one week later, or prances that diamond ring, only to
loose it down the kitchen drain, or boast of their expensive home
only to discover that its built atop a cemetery for the criminally
insane, that is Mami Tyche.
When walking out of the bathroom in an expensive

restaurant, or public function with toilet paper attached and
trailing on ones shoes, or the heel mysteriously breaks on that
expensive pair of shoes on the dance floor, that is Mami Tyche.
Mami Tyche, punishes and exposes the corruption and
weaknesses of the proud and arrogant, and she blesses the
humble and brings justice and strength to the weak. The
African-American expression “God don't like ugly,” is actually
referring to this Mami goddess whose honor has been long lost
to them. There is no aspect of human thoughts, emotions or
deeds that is not gathered, collated and assessed that will escape
her divine wheel of justice, fate or fortune. It is through Mami
Tyche that all scales of justice will be balanced.

AWUSSA MINTED ON ANCIENT COINS
Fig 9: (I) Cornucopia of Tyche, Rome, 246 BC (r) Tyche with rudder, grain shaft, and phrysis (crescent moon staff)
Egypt, Alexandria 230 B.C.E.
The Kings of Syria had long been portrayed as divinities on the

obverses (opposite side) of their coins--the diadem in the east
symbolized divinity. The goddess Tyche represented the good fortune
which results from the benefaction of the gods and also from the skill of
the individual. Each individual was believed to be born with his own
Tyche and therefore was worshiped as a personal deity, especially by the
original black, Hellenistic (Cushite) kings. At Antioch (Turkey) and
Alexandria there were Tyche centers of worship in the third century
which became more common during the imperial period.

TYCHE AS “VASANTI” IN ANCIENT INDIA
Fig 10: Black Tyche worshiped as Vasanti

in ancient Buddhists city of Kpailavastu.. India 2nd/3rd
century B.C.E. Tibet House Repatriation Collection
The above (fig 9) black Mami deity “Tyche” was known as

“Vasanti” (meaning “at springtime’) by the Afro-Indians of ancient
Greece and India. She was honored as their patron goddess and was
associated with the school of Kalacakra Tantra: (Wheel of Tantra), which
was the oldest Buddhist school of astrology, including the study of the
mandala, stars and planetary bodies. An ancient system of mystical
astrology predating the Indian Prince Siddhartha who in 623 B.C.E
renounced the world at age 29 years, and is claimed to be “the founder”
of Buddhism. In truth, Buddhism was already a centuries old black
(originally) matriarchal religion, and the ancient world had already seen
at least thirteen Buddhas come and gone by the time little Siddhartha
was born.

In the Mahayana Gandavyuha Sutra Vasanti (Tyche) is claimed

to appear to the seeker Sudhana wearing a red robe, a sacred crest jewel,
and a pearl necklace, with all the stars and constellations shining on her
body. She was known as the destroyer of ignorance and the bringer of
truth. A role similar to that of the black Kali. Vasanti is claimed to have
said that she was purposefully reborn as a woman to teach the
universality of compassion and the non-
duality of bliss (nirvana). This statement
along indicates her recent introduction
into the patriarchal East Indian Hindu
cultures, for the Sutras were originally
written by women priestesses, prior to
their being kicked out of the temples.
The Encyclopedia Britannica

though they fell short of admitting that
the Tantric systems of both Yoga and
philosophy actually began in ancient
Nubia and Egypt, they were forced to
admit in their findings that these sacred
traditions were neither originally of
Asian, European or non-indian
(meaning Hindu) origins. “Vasanti,” as
“Tyche” is clearly a remnant of these
Fig 12: Black Buddhist deity Fudo older black Buddhists sibs. When the
Myo'o, the"Unmoving Etruscans (Romans) arrived in Italy, they
Illuminating King,” was
already found early survivals of a
associated with the Kurai Kotori
Clans, and was a priests of the
thriving black Buddhist culture. Many of
Thunder gods. He was known in their deities such as the three-headed
China as “Fire” or” the immovable “Janus” were still extant and readily
fire’. The Thunderbolt was his incorporated into the already
implement, and above, he holds Africanized Roman pantheon.
the healing staff coiled by a
serpent. Today, devout Buddhists
pay homage to him daily.
Additionally, though certain
Unfortunately, his African black Buddhist sects today either are unaware
hue has been modified to a dark of Buddhism’s early African origins,
red, most unaware of his ancientand the variety of “magical and ritual
African, matriarchal origins in the
arts,” utilized and incorporated into its
oldest Buddhists orders.
early theology, mysticism and _ ritual
practice, they are very similar, and in
many Cases, no different from Vodoun. For example, the use of magical
incantations to call upon the ancient African deities known as the Myo-o,
for both personal protection, and for community defense against

witchcraft and sorcery, was widely practiced by many advanced

Buddhists priests (monks).
This “Myo-o” as the mystical “ache” (divine power) was

associated with their most famous black
king “Fudo Myo-o”, meaning the
“Unmoving Illuminating King.” Fudo was
an initiate to the “thundergod” whose
implement was the thunderbolt, which he
holds in his right hand. He also holds a
staff coiled by a serpent. Of course, many
Vodoun practitioners will quickly
recognized this symbol as the Rainbow
Serpent Spirit Da (Dan), and the staff of
Hermes.
One of the most devastating
ByBambino
Me ae anstianizedalyche Wwitlacnects sof athe: vilification
(Black child), as “Isis and z
ofRee the .Mami
Horus”, on Basilica of Ashkelon, in VOdoun and other African religions by the
Eretz, Israel. West, is the perpetual myth that these
African gods remained little more than
localized, village “cults”, not having evolved beyond petty idols, or higher
mystical forms other than
tie PrOGdwCeers OF
“superstitions” folk-magic.
That they remained incapable
Oi lomiesineie Gjeyiienewtay
expressions, metaphysical
and existential growth, is the
myth of radial politics and not
of history. The gods (deities)
of the Vodoun have always
been front and center in :
world civilization, and in fig 43, Europeanized Tyche,
higher order intellectual, wearing crown of Black Dia-
Fig 12: Romanized
Tyche. After the
theological
;
and philosophical
;
eat her role as patron of
Ity.
African gods were expressions and_ evolving
destroyedin oe spiritually, and personal
the most favor: ° mused 9
ied Salietes growth since the beginning of time. The problems
in white images lies not in the African gods, but rather in their
and presented as permanent acquisition by others who have remade
the original
historical figures.
them é over inuteaetheir : own images,
ie
and have not dully
credited their historical origins.

That the cultural and religious history of the Vodoun and Mami
gods of Africa have been remade over in Aryan (Hindu), Euro-Greek and
Euro-Roman faces, does not make them any less African. As a result,
the philosophy of many of the gods of ancient Greece, Rome and _ India
has been lost and forgotten because, these gods can only be understood
within African culture, as has been expressed since time immemorial
through the spirits of African people.
Conversely, since few religionists have been trained to look, or

to respect the religions of Africa, much information continues to be lost,
and speculation abounds in books that could provide a more holistic
overview of the true ancient spiritual traditions that began in Africa and
India. This in the end would prove to benefit everyone. However, these
radical changes can only come about when the African spiritual intellect
and their contributions are accorded their due, and African people
began to write their own spiritual histories.

ATTRIBUTES OF AL-UZZAH (AWUSSA)

IN MAMI WATA YEVEH VODOUN
Fig 14: Group of Mami initiates to Awuzza. Togo, West Africa © Mama Zogbé (Mamaissii
Vivian Hunter-Hindrew).
NAME: Awussa/Adwuza (Al-Uzza/Az) : “Mistress of the

Stars” “The Powerful One” “Daughter of the Moon.” “Daughter of
Morning and Evening Star”, “Goddess of Fate, Chance and Fortune”
“Her Eternal.”
CONSORTS: As most ancient goddesses, who were worshiped as the

original “God,” they as a rule, were “self created,” and their consorts
were usually symbolized astrologically (lion, ram, lamb etc.,). As children
of Mami, these consorts were usually paired with them as twins. Later,
as the tirmurti (triple-headed ) aspects, conjunct at certain sacred cycles,
a male child/consort would be born to her, such as Osiris with Isis. In
ancient Mesopotamia Awussa was loosely paired with Dumuzi. In pre-
Islamic Makka (Mecca), she was paired as part of the original Holy Trinity
with Kore and Manah, but soon dethroned by Mohammed, under
Islamic patriarchy, and the three were reduced to “demons,” or as his
mortal ‘daughters.” Under the African patriarchal siege, many of these
Mami deities were diminished as second to the male consorts or
eliminated altogether.

In Mami Wata Vodoun, Awussa is not paired with a spouse, since she as
in ancient times, can change her gender at will.
PHYSICAL FORM: ichthyicologic/fish/veiled black square stone

stone/mermaid/mermen/ human, male, female. Not “androgynous” by
Western definition, but can change to a single gender at will.
ORIGINATING AFRICAN GROUPS: Euphrates River, East Africa:

Cushitic (Nubians) Nabateans. Sabaeans, Bedawi, Phoenicians—now final
destination West Africa including Togo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, and
Liberia.
OTHER NAMES (ASPECTS): Isis (logos)

/Aruru/Inanna(Akan)/Inana-gade/Inana/Zabala/Meri/Mari/ Nanna/
Ereshkigal/Byblia/Saravati/ Astarte/ Ashtoreth/Lat/ Alilat/ Alitta/
Balilab/Baleilat/Mari Utrotalt/Egeria/ Tanit/ Tutela/Urania/Venus-Melanis
/(Black-Venus)/Venus de Melos/A-Phre-Dite/ Aphrodite-Venus/Cami-
marina/Cama-Deva/Caelestis Dea/Aphrodite/Ceres(Phonecian)/
Urania/Tyche (tee-chee)/Fortuna, Virgo
PLANET: Moon, Crescent Moon (morning and evening star), Venus,

shooting star, also the Earth
ELEMENT: As the Holy Mother, her element is the river. As Venus,

her element is the ocean, owner of the foam and waves of the sea.
groves.
ASPECTS: Multi: Goddess of Fate, Chance Fortune. Also during ancient

times, patron of love, sexual freedom, unattached inhibitions, pubescent
girls; war, (warrior-Amazonian) hunting, and underworld; later more
matronly, as goddess of fertility, family, animals, childbirth, children,
enslaved, gays, gamblers, oppressed, outcastes, sacred prostitution.
IMPLEMENTS: wheel, Rudder, Ke/Kakla (knife)/Akplo (spear),

sword, thyrsis with crescent (staff with crescent
NOTE: moon).
,Contemporary Islam's use of this symbol is based on the revised legend
claiming Mohammada's flight to Medina at the time of the New Moon,
however its most ancient origin applies to the ceremonies held at night

to Awussa at the New Moon. Other implements includes the rosette

(seven-point star or shooting star), morning and evening star/ veil,
comb, lyra, boat, anchor, net, all implements of divination i.e. sand,
tarot, dice, playing cards, opele, cauires, Black aniconic stone, The
evening star and solar crescent, Argos (crescent/ship).
ANIMAL/ANCESTRAL TOTEM: serpent, egret, goose, white

great heron, Lion, ram, lion, bat, spotted cow, dolphins, peacock, swan,
hens, cocks, pig (can be symbol of libido, or in extremes: over indulgent
nature i.e., sex, food, shopping, drugs, orgies etc...
CEREMONIAL COLOR: Black on Friday's
TABOOS: Pork* public drunkenness, betrayal of sisters, jealously
ANCESTRAL CLAN: Tchamba slave clans, symbolizing the

enslavement of their ancestors and the suppression of Mami under
patriarchy. Strongly connected to Nike, and the vodou Dan Aloho.
TREE: halub, (acacia), Palm and Loko, esp. For Diaspora (connected with
Tchamba slave sects ).
STONE: square black meteorites, granites, veil covered omphalos
PLANT: laurel, rue, all gun resins (frankincense, myrrh, et., ) lotus, red
rose,(ancient pine or palm); Foods: Atike, African pepper; (“quince”)
apple.
SEASON: September, Autumn/Fall, Spring
BODY: Ruler of eyes, hair
SACRED COLOR: green, red, yellow, black
SACRED NUMBER: 7

SACRED FESTIVAL DAY: All Muslim holidays esp. Friday. Origins

of “Fish-day,” for African-Americans. Major deity. Based upon individual
Afes (houses).
“Other major aspects: see Tchamba

Mamiaissii Vivian Hunter-Hindrew Mami Wata: Africa’s Ancient God/dess Unveiled
NOTES
il, Frobenius, Leo. "The Voice of Africa’ (New York: Benjamin Blom, Inc., 1968), Vol Il.
p 353.
2. Forlong, J.G.R. Rivers of Life or Sources and Streams of the Faiths of Man in all
lands Showing the Evolution of Faiths from the Rudest Symbolisms to the Latest
Spiritual Developments. London: Bernard Quaritch, Vol | & Il, 1883, p. 62, 230-231.
See section of “Serpents.”.;Massey. A Book of The Beginnings. (1994), p. 294-295.
3. See notes on “Sibyls.”; Rev. W. St. Clair-Tisdall, The Sources of Islam: A Persian
Treatise, translated and abridged by Sir William Muir, T. & T. Clark, Edinburgh,
Scotland. 1901, p. 6-12
4. Ibid. p. 16.,Temple, Robert. "The Sirius Mystery" (United Kingdom: Arrow Pub.,
1999), p. O1.;Higgins, Voll. p. 60-61, 387.;<http://
ww w.al-sunnah.com/nektar/>
According to Kwait scholar Saifur Rahman al-Mubarakpuri - Jamia Salafia, there are
three classes of “Arabs:”
a). Perishing Arabs: The ancient Arabs, of whose history little is known, and of
whom were ‘Ad, Thamdd, Tasam, Jadis, Emlaq, and others.
b). Pure Arabs: Who originated from the progeny of Yatrub bin Yashjub bin Qahtan.
They were also called Qahtanian Arabs.
c). Arabized Arabs: Who originated from the progeny of Ishmael.
They were also called ‘Adnanian Arabs. Abraham matriarchal tribe of the Korites
(Kore tribe) is not mentioned. Only Ishmael
who is c;ear;y a “converted” post-historic
Arab tribe.
5. Frobenius, Pp 354.: Markoe, Glenn. ed. Petra Rediscovered: Lost City of the
Nabataeans. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Cincinnati Art Museum. 2003.
Ajayi, J.F. and Espie, |. ‘Thousand Years of West African History" (Ibadan: Ibadan
University Press, 1967). Under forced patriarchy, Bashemath as “Queen Mother”was
diminished and lineage was recreated to acknowledge Ishmael’s, and Bashemath
became known in modern biblical text only as one of the wives of the (Midianite)
Esau.
5. Ibid.
6. Briffault, The Mothers: The matriarchal theory of social origins. (New York: Grosset
& Dunlap, 1963). p. 367.
7.Ibid. p. 367.
Ironically, it was with the wealth of his older, first wife that Mohammed (himself
from the Korite clan) was able to study, contemplate and execute his mission. He
incorporated many of the patriarchal altitudes and lore of the Old Testament into the
Holy Koran.

“Kore” Ker, Kor, Tam-eios/Ta-mesa, Tedi-fera
Fig 2: One of the 10,000 names and totemic aspects of the African
Isis/Mami/Asuru/Al-Uzzah, and perhaps one of the oldest in her role as “Earth
Mother, Earth Goddess, and Mother of the Sun.” She was one of the original
“Celestial Virgins,” whom the Greeks, ignorant of astronomy and astrology, invented
in their own mythology. The Great African Mother from whom all blessings flowed,
her worship is so old that she was even considered identical with the ichthyolatic
(fish) Oannes, one of the first Divine Ancestors who descended from the oceans and
taught Africans the mysteries. However, to most of ancient Africa, she was the dual
divinity, whose most important role was as the “Goddess of Corn, Wheat and
Fertility,” in which elaborate ceremonies were conducted to her, all throughout
Africa and shared with the ancient world.
Kore, was known as Ker, by the Nubians, and Kharu, or Khor by the ancient
Egyptians, whose priesthood is identified as the [KJhorites, (Hurrians/Horians)
where they evenually usurped her sacrodoetal power. She was also known as Kharu
in ancient Palestine/ (Syria), where she was revered as the “Mother of the Gods,”
and the “Queen of Heaven.” Associated with Venus, Aphrodite, and Urania of Persia
in ancient Ur (Mesopotamia). To the black Hebrew, and to the Greeks and Romans
and Celts, she was known as Ceres, Proserpine, and Core, or the "Dame Ceres,” (or
black Cyrus). Higgins tells us also that in the ancient Hindu language, one of the
appellations for Krishna is “Cores,” who was also black. This African Goddess has
been celebrated in many poems, song and epics. She was often prayed to for
protection, a bountiful harvest, and success in love and marriage. In ancient Afro-
Grecian culture, she was said to rest on top of Mount lda, (the “Mountain of
Knowledge,” on the island of Crete (or Candia). To the Ewe, Kore is known as Mami
Awussa, and also associated with Mami lyensu.
Fig 9. “Vasanti’ Tibet House of Exhibitions

<http;//www tibe thouse.org
/e xhibitions>

NIKE: BLACK GODDESS OF SUCCESS AND

FORTUNE
Fig 1: Nike: Black Goddess of Success and Fortune

Greek City, Southern Italy, c. 490 B.C.E.
Exact location allegedly “unknown”
lack goddess of birth, or more specifically, the

amniotic fluid or “Da of running streams.” Introduced
‘by the black, Phyrgian matrilineal dans who fled
Africa, and settled into Asia Minor, Nike was the daughter of the
Mami deity of Ogygian (Styx), one of the oldest names for the
Nile. A name later applied to the sacred river which flowed into
Lusi, an ancient Aegean province near what is now western
Turkey, near the (Mattani Empire. Nike has been paired and
merged with many Mami deities. She was part of the triple-
headed aspect of the Mami Awussa, but independently she was
also an important deity in her own right, as Ayido-Wedo, the
much beloved co-creator and consort of Da(n).

Nike’s worship was brought to the Aegean Islands by

the many African and Tamil (Elamite/Dravidian) clans who
migrated to the region from Africa, more than 3000 years
before the Greeks. It was they who first established the great,
matriarchal civilizations of Ionia, Minoa (Menu), and Mycenae.
According to the Sibyls, the Phyrgians are the oldest black
people on Earth, meaning the Ethiopian dans, then an ethnic
designation of all peoples of Africa.
In ancient Turkey, the Styx was known during _ pre-

Grecian times, as the “hate river,” an age old Mami tradition
where priestesses would go and “spew hatred” towards an
enemy, or demand revenge or redress for a moral crime
committed against someone. It is also the sacred river from
which the Mami “Goddess of Barley”, Black Demeter, would send
her serpents to protect, and guard her priestesses during these
important ceremonies.
Nike’s father was the sea god, “Pallas” (Dionysus) meaning

“virile man” in Greek, but connotes his marriage to the water
deity. When the Romans were secretly collecting records on the
local African traditions, they listed the proto-Elamite name of
“Pallas” as meaning “the destroyer, starlike, strength, victory”,
etc., as some of his attributes. Nonetheless, Pallas was also the
name of the black, Pelasgian founder of Pallantium, an ancient
city near the location where Rome was built, and whose father
the Aegean sea was originally named.
Mystically “Pallas” meant serpent, and obviously implied

the sacred symbol of the Divine African Mother in the traditional
lore of Nike’s parentage. This sacerdotal title [Pallas], later
became the initiatory sur name adopted by Peloponnesian
(Athenian and Spartan) kings who married women of African
royal blood, in order to claim lineage and thus, divine rights to
the throne.

Fig 2: Above, enlargement of

ancient bronze mirror (bottom
left) depicting Awussa in her
generative form as the “Black
Venus,” with Nike straddled on
each side of her. The mirror
invented by the ancient
Egyptians, are sacred
implements that adorned the
shrinetables and temple rooms
of the Sibyls and of the
priestess of Mami-lsis. 600
B.C.E. National Archaeological
Museum, Athens.

Fig 3: “Nike” (known as ‘Victoria’ by the Romans) in

ancient catacomb drawing of Sibyl shrine. Pre-
Christian image of the winged serpent deity of
“success, fate and victory, “Nike,” in human form. She
was the direct inspiration for the creation of the
Christian “white angles,” whose function as
“messenger of the gods” was taken directly from the
Sibyl (Mami) tradition. ( Via Latina, Rome, 361-363
GE)
As a good luck charm, or for success at war or any

undertaking, images of Nike were placed in the hands of nearly all of the
African deities, especially Zeus and Athene. The Alabes (a neolithic
catfish, and totemic symbol of fertility), was sacred to her, and,her
emblems were the palm leaf, cowrie, and a globe of the world, carried
like the Atlas, of which she delivers the fate of each soul anywhere on
the planet, according to their deeds. In fact, it was she who carried the
globe before the African Atlas.
Later, in Rome, Nike was worshiped under the anglicized name

of “Victoria” (for ‘victory’), her spirit imagined as flying over those who
were victorious at war, or on the high seas, or in business.

EUROPEAN MOTIF OF WINGED NIKE

EUROPEAN MOTIF OF WINGED NIKE CRESENT

(WITH SIGNATURE RAINBOW SERPENT BITING TAIL)
Nike also graced the shrines of many Sibyl/Mami-lsis priestesses,

businesses, and official government buildings, including the Roman
Senate, where a huge image of her (probably fig. 1) was displayed as
their protecting deity.
Other ancient images of her such as the “Nike of Samothrace”

constructed by the black Rhodians (Greek islands) is now in the Louvre.
In her winged image, she is the direct inspiration of where the Roman
Imperial Church acquired their images of white angels, and incorporated
them into their new, Christian pantheon.
In the 4" century, during Rome’s imperial period, a vicious

battle erupted when the Romans began to racialize their social and
political policies, and a demand to remove Nike’s image from atop the
Roman capitol. The papal authorities won, and they re-classified Nike as
“pagan,” and removed her black image. This act of sacrilege was
viewed historically as the final showdown between “Christian Rome” and
the so-called “Taurian (black) paganism.” The removal of Nike was simply
a continuation of an on-going battle by the Roman papal authorities to
once and for all irradiate all traces of the worship of the black god/desses
that had so captivated and dominated European religious, and cultural
life since time immemorial. Since Nike was still loved by the citizens, as
with all of the other black goddesses, a white image of her was
constructed and placed in local government buildings.
At the collapse of Rome, the Africans who emigrated to the

West, brought Nike’s worship, where she is now known as Dan Ahlouho
(Ayido-Wedo), the wife and co-creator of the rainbow serpent deity
Da/n, and certain female paths of the Road Opener, Legba. She is the
messenger and guardian of all the Mami deities, especially Awussa,
where she holds the sacred wheel of Fortune.

Fig 4: (right) a faded image

of the winged “Nike” (Adveji
Da) as she stands on the
head of a Gelede (ancestral
deity) which was situated
below a larger statue of the
Mami deity Agbe (Densu) in
Benin.
© Mamaissii Vivian
Fig.5: “Nike” (I) in her originalserpent form as “DanAhloho (Ayido-Wedo),

the wife of Da/n (rt) in the Mami Wata Vodoun. Since the beginning of
time, the Serpent Spirit has always been sacred everywhere in the world,
except in the West, where it is denounced as “evil,” because it represents
the Divine African Mother. ©Mami Wata Heakrs Society, Augusta, GA,

NOTES
Macropedia. Knowledge in Depth, (London: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.) Vol VII, 1974, p. 343-
344.;Graves, p. 277, 365, 367, 369,352,353.;Higgins, Vol. |. p. 57.)

“ATARGATIS” “ DEA SYRIA” “IYENSU”
Mami lyensu: The Divine African Mother

Fig. 1: Middle Bronze Age (1800-1550 B.C.E) Rome. Museo Nazionale
delle Terme, Rome. Photo: Alinari

Fig. 2 Coin, Grecianized Atargatis, as Isis standing atop Omphalos, Egypt, |

century B.CE.
Fig1: Middle Bronze Age (1800-1550 B.C.E.) Romanized

image of Mami as the Syrian [Ewe] “Goddess” Atargatis, “Great
Queen of Heaven" *Protectress of the Nation” and “Mistress of
the Cosmos.” Atergatis first appeared to the Africans of Sidon,
manifesting and issuing her divine directives through their first
great Sibyl queen Gatis, whom her people began to praise as
“Atergatis,” meaning the “Great Queen.” Her birth home was in
ancient Syria (Hattusa) at Antioch.
In her famous temple at Hierapolis (ancient black city of

Phrygia in W. Turkey), her figure was situated between the Sun
(Jupiter) and Juno (black Janus), symbolizing the holy trinity or the
“holy spirit” with a dove on her head. These original Africans
who worshiped her were the Libyan, Egyptian, Cushite/Nubian
clans, whose ancient empire expanded into ancient Syria,
established after the Great Flood. She was loved and cherished
because of the love, knowledge, devotion and wealth she
bestowed upon her people. She was owner par excellence of the
fisheries and set stringent dietary and fishing guidelines for both
domestic and foreign fishers.
Atergatis’ worship extended into ancient Palestine,

where she was known by the Philistines as Der-Keto. They
carried her worship into ancient Babylon where she was known
as “Astargatis” or “Ashtoreth,”, meaning “the builder of
encompassing walls.” In ancient India she was worshiped as
Semi-Ramis and as Cybele the “Supreme Dove”.

In ancient India, and especially at Media in Ethiopia,

major ceremonies and wine vineyards were raised in her honor.
She was the original “God” of the black Philistines, and of the
Canaanites. She is clearly the predecessor to (or the same as) Fa,
(Enki) Ishtar, Asherah and Aruru of ancient Sumer, Babylon and
Palestine (Philistine). She was also known as the Black Di-Ana,
Ar-themis and Anat.
After the African,
patriarchal revolt, her
worship was carried to
lonia where she was
known later by the Doric
Greeks as Derceto, and
Astarte. In eastern
Lybian Crete, she was
worshiped as
“Britomartis” in her
celestial representation as
the “moon-goddess.”
Among the
Fig 3: lvory panel of black, Phoenician “Queen Gatis” on Tuarians (black Scythians),
gate of Nimrud 800 B.C.E. Here she is represented in whom it is recounted that
her Generative form possessing the ears of “Hathor” the
sacred womb/cow
of fertility. “Nimrud’ (Nimrod) is the Osiris once came and
Lybian name for the black deity Pan, or “P’An,” (“fire of yoked their (tauroi)
An’) representing the solar “generative” prindple and bulls.” sh |
fulfilling the same function as Osiris, Dionysus, and ulls, SNe Was KNOWN as
Bacchus. Iphigeneia, the one who
“mothered a_ strong
[black] race.” At Argos (ancient pre-Grecian state) she was
alternately known by them as Hesychius, “The Silent or Solemn
One,” where her priestessshoods, as they exist today, are
inherited matrilineally. In western Crete, she was worshiped as
“Dictynna” based on the romanticized version of Virgil
recounting her dethronement after the patriarchal revolt. “
Dictynna” is apparently derived from the world “Dicte”

which means the “net” used by the fisherman. In Libyan Crete,
the net was one of her ritual adornments which covered her face
during possession ceremonies. Dictynna is also an allegorical
fable of the romantic/erotic chase and eventual capture [literally
usurpation of her throne] as recounted by her captives after the
establishment of African patriarchy.

These same tales were told of Minos’ “chase” of her as

Britomaris in eastern Crete and Mopsus’s “chase” of her as Der-
Keto in Philistine. However, her capture was avenged when
Mopsus (a famous diviner/priest of Amon/Apollo) was
eventually killed by being bitten in the heel by a serpent.
ORIGINAL MERMAID
Atergatis, just as Isis, became the first representational

form of Mami as mermaid, and the first divine Ancestrix to a
lineage of African people. Her original amphibious,
representational form was the exact same as_ lo (Dagon), being
that of a fish with human extremities. She just as Aphrodite and
_ the black Venus were originally depicted as mermaids. In ancient
Syria she was depicted as half-fish and half-woman on the
temple of Dea Syria at Hira. Lucian describes her as the
“perfection of woman; she was the mystic Oannes, Athor and
Venus, whom the Egyptians have handed down to us embalmed.
In Phoenicia [ancient Syria], | saw the image of Derceto, a
strange sight truly! For she had the half of a woman, and from
the thighs downwards a fish's tail.”
Didorous Siculus describes her at Ascalon (ancient

Israel), and as “having the face of a woman,” but the rest of the
body fish,” and Herdototus mistook her for “the celestial
Aphrodite,” the same as the black Venus of Cyprus and Rome,
both whom modeled her worship after the Phoenicians.
The Phoenicians depicted both Dagon and Dorecto as

the primary Asartrian deities in Gaza and in Ascalon, and her
worship often vied with that of Aphrodite, who was also
depicted as a fish displayed in Hierapolis (Jordan), where her
northen shrine was established. Atergatis was also depicted as
half-fish and half-woman on the temple of the Dea Syria at Hira
(near Mecca).
However, her original neolithic holy symbol was the

“black Omphaé’ (‘black womb’ or ‘stone pillar’) known as the
“universal divine voice,” which was maintained by her Sibyl and

Python priestesses who could invoke her for consultation,

healings and prophecy. After the initial patriarchal invasion of
Philistine and Syria by the Assyrians her priestesses fled to lonia
(Greece) and re-established her temples and her worship
During matriarchal rule, she, just as Isis, was ‘self-

created’ and originally had no consort. However, Dagon (Densu)
just as Osiris’ may have been her brother. It was Atargatis who
was the original “God” in ancient Chaldea who sent the Sibyls in
the form of a dove and a raven to fetch dry land for her devotees
and queen mothers as they sought refuge in lonia from the
great flood. lonia is a corruption of “Antioch” (in Syria) and is
said to have been an exact replica of the Syrian Hierapolis as it
was rebuilt by these matriarchs.
In Asia Minor and lonia, long, elaborate, ritually intense

and highly erotic celebrations were held in her honor.
Possessions were constant and revelations were numerous.
These celebrations could last from seven days to one month.
Bulls or rams were her favorite ekonu (offerings), enhanced by
consecrated music, erotic dancing and serious prayer and
merriment, enacted to “wash away the sins of the world.” They
were also used in ritual cleansing of the body, especially of male
priests.
It was Atergatis, ritually crowned on Demeter who

maintained a special dass of male eunuchs known as the
Curetes. They were actually priests of the iron god and carried
ritual swords (gubassas), which were magnificently worked
during public celebrations; or they could be seen carrying the
African Queen Mother in her Lion drawn chariot. Her favorite
instruments were the cymbal and timbre.
These percussions were actually sacred implements and

were often used to eat ritually prepared foods. It was actually her
worship in Ephesus which instituted the bull fights, except the
votaries were well trained young girls.

These fights were actually mystical re-enactments of the

vegetation gods, imitating their emasculation, death and resur-
rection. As in the rites of Demeter, it was the sacerdotal ritual of
emasculation required by men that forbade by law any white,
Roman or Dorian Greek citizen from being initiated into her
mysteries.
Centuries
later, worn
down from
numerous
invasions
especially
during the
height of
Christian
persecution
Fig 4: Sacred“Bull Jumping” ceremony performed by a priestess of of the
Atergatis. The bull always symbolized the masculine ancestral principle s
of the solar deities such as Osiris, Dionysus, and Bacchus.. Taken from African
Libyan Crete fresco reconstructed in 200 B.C.E. go ddess
traditions,
Atergatis’ worshipers and clergy suffered severely. In many
lands there was wholesale slaughter of her devotees and mass
destruction of her temples by the barbarous, patriarchal Greeks,
Persians, Turks and later the Romans. The final death keel was
dealt when her high priestesses/Sibyls, just as the black
(Ethiopian) Helen of Tauri (Troy), were crucified on a tree.
The remaining remnants of these groups scattered;

some heading back to Africa, south westwardly, ultimately into
what is now Mail, Senegal, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Benin, the
Congo,the Upper and Low Volta, and in the Ivory Coast. Today,
in the Mami Wata Yeveh Vodoun of Togo, Atargatis is
worshiped as “/yensu” and the vodou Jupiter is the thundergod
“Hévioss6.” Just as in Greece, ninety-eight percent of Rome's
Gods and Goddess were black. The same was true of their
college of priestesses and priests and augurs.

After Christianity became

the defining symbol of the
European world order, these
African deities were replaced with
“classical” Euro-renderings, which is
the official form passed down to the
world today, masking as the historic
originals. Such is the concern of
western patriarchs of a re-
emergence of the great African
god/desess in the New World.
REFERENCES:
Higgins, Godfrey. "Anacalypsis,: An Attempt to Draw

Aside the Veil of the Saitic Isis or Inquiry into the
origin of Languages, Nations and Religions,’ Vol. \,ll,
Montana: Kessinger Publishing Co., [1836],
Graves, Robert. | Claudius. New York: Vintage Books,

1961.
Fig 4; lyensu possessing one of her __Claudius The God. New York: Vintage Books, 1962.
devotees in the Yeveh Mami Wata
Vodoun in Togo, West Africa. Formerly __"The White Goddess." Amended and_ Enlarged
worshiped as “Atergatis and Derceto,” Edition. (New York: Farrar, Strass, and Giroux, 1980).
lyensu’s devotees and queen mothers
fled to West Africa after suffering —. The Greek Myths Vol. 1&2. New York: Penguin
centuries of invasions by the patriarchal Putnam Inc., 1960.
Assyrian, Greeks, Turks and Romans. Lederer, Wolfgang, M.D., "The Fear of Women" (New
© Mama Zogbé (Mamaisssii Vivian York: Grune & Stratton, 1968).
Hunter-Hindrew).
Forlong, J.G.R. Rivers of Life or Sources and Streams
of the Faiths of Man in all lands Showing the Evolution
of Faiths from the Rudest Symbolisms to the Latest Spiritual Developments. London: Bernard
Quaritch, Vol 1 & Il, 1883. Lederer, Wolfgang, M.D., "The Fear of Women" (New York: Grune &
Stratton, 1968).

ATTRIBUTES OF IYENSU (ATERGATIS)

Fig 3: Atergatis is now worshiped as lyensu in the

Yeveh Mami Wata traditions in Togo and in the
Diaspora. Above she is displayed in her triple-headed
“Generative, Preserver and Destroyer” aspect. © Chesi
DEITY: Iyensu “Mistress of the Nations”Great Queen of Heaven,

“ Protectress of the Nation” and “Mistress of the Cosmos.”
CONSORT: paired with Onanes/Ausar/Osiris/Bacchus/

Dio-Nysus and in the Ewe tradition, she has been paired with
Densus, as his twin, and sometimes as lovers.
Physical form:
ORIGINATED AFRICAN GROUPS: Primal waters of Euphrates/

Nile River: East Africa, Ancient Phoenicia and Syria (Hatti),
Minoa/Mycenae, ancient groups migration to West Africa
OTHER NAMES: Isis/Adonai/Ceres Bubastis/Der-Keto/

Deceto/Atargatis/ Agastya/Gatis/ (black Phrygians)/
*Aruru-Ishtar/Athtar/ Astar/Hathor/Artemis/
Ar-Themis/Themis/Magna Dea/Demeter/ Multimammia/
Divinana/Deva-Jana/Black-Diana
PLANET: Moon cresent. Neptune (Pleiades)

ELEMENT: rivers, owner of the “dew.” groves

Aspect: Urikittu “Queen of Vegetation,” Earth Goddess, Lady of
Mountains, The Queen of the Earth, Mistress of the Field,
Goddess of Heaven, Goddess of the Underworld, Goddess of
Time, Goddess of the Zodiac,
SACRED IMPLEMENTS: mirror, veil, net, pearl nautilus, cymbal,

argos (boat), anchor,
ANIMAL/ANCESTRAL TOTEM: (agbo) ram, bull, white cow,

he-goat, quail, peacock, cat, lion, doves, pigeons.
TREE: Ashera, dzo ati luv?, “soul-tree”, date palm, fig oak, pine,
willow.
STONE: persuncian stone “thunderstone,”
PLANT: Lotus, violets.
SEASON: Spring, mid-March.
BODY: stomach
SACRED COLOR: red, white and black
SACRED NUMBER: 9
SACRED FESTIVAL DAY: Thursday
NOTE: “The names Ishtar/Athtar/Astar, like “Venus” are generic, and simply means
“lady or goddess.” These honorific names were applied during ancient times, to any
goddess that was widely worshiped in a given time period, particularly those of the
Mami Watas.

DENSU
Fig 1: Bronze monument of Mami diety Densu in

his triple-headed form. Known as “Dagon” in
ancient Syria he is one of the original
Sessenu/Nommos who came from beneath the
waters and taught civilization to African people
© Mamaissii Vivian, Benin..
ensu/Dossou (day-su: “one who dwells beneath the

sea”) is one of the major aspects of the many
anthropomorphic forms of Mami. Known as “Dagon”
by the ancient Canaanites, and “Poseidon” by the black Libyans,
and Neptune by the Greeks and Romans, Densu is part of the
original Nommos/Sesssenu who came from beneath the waters
and taught civilization to the African people. In Benin he is
known as Agbé and is venerated throughout all of the county as
well as in Togo and Ghana. Densu_ is infamous as the deity of
"bi-location” in which he is known to take on the outer persona of
its servant. Being one of the most awed, feared and most
powerful divinities

in the entire Vodoun pantheon, Densu_ rewards its servant with

wealth, knowledge and_= spiritual
transformation. This particular aspect of
Mami is as a rule, inherited through the
bloodline, and Densu’s antiquity continues
to earn him the status as the main crowned
divinity of the Yeveh Mami Vodoun’s royal
priesthood.
ANCIENT HISTORY
It was in ancient Syria where

Fig 6; Mami Wata deity Densu, then known as Dagon (Dag-An)
“Densu.” Augusta, GA. USA. amongst the the Chaldeans and_ the
Created for author by the son
of the famous (now deceased) Phoenicians, (who are the same people as
Agbagli Kossi, in Togo, West the Canaanites). However, his most ancient
Africa. Agbagli was
commissioned by many worship began with the Libyans near lake
priests/ess to carve Mami and Triton where he was born. Herodotus
Vodoun images. Densu one of
the most ancient, since pre- informs us that the name Poseidon was
historic times and known by used exclusively by the Libyans who
many names. Is cosmo-
genetically/ancestrally linked “always honored this god.”'
to the African/Diaspora. Some
researches have erroneously
accused Africans of His first devotees known as the
worshiping “Indian deities,’
and copying their artistic Cyclopeans were a matriarchal band of
styles. Though the ancient pastoralists and were said to be the
Dravidians (Tamil/ proto-
Elamites) share a common “children of the lotus,” and “children of
ancestry with Africans and
together, they are responsible the fire,” who lived on the sacred
for the great civilizations of
Minoa and Mycenae, the deity
Lotophagi, a small African island that
itself is predominately, blood existed between Egypt and Libya, near
inherited.
the ancient Lake Triton. There, they fed
only on lotus, milk and flesh, eating
neither the bull nor the pig.
Densu’s ceremonies were always held at the sea

shore where bulls were sacrificed to him. There was a
famous temple built at Lake Onchestos in ancient Thessaly.”
Horses were also sacred to him and it is in his honor that
both the bull and the horse were domesticated by the black
Amazons.

It was also in ancient Thessaly where the sacred rites

of “bull jumping” were performed in his honor. In ancient
Rhodes (Telchinis) in the Grecian Islands, where many of
the black matriarchs reestablished their kingdoms, Densu
was symbolized with a trident, which is a modified
thunderbolt, signifying his connection with the sky
pantheon from which he commands when he calls down
the rain. The conch is also one of his sacred implements
that he uses to calm down the waves of the sea. Densu is
also known as the “great
builder of walls,” and_ is
associated with the ancient
Chaldean mason builders. He
is alleged to have built the
“grinding wall,” and erected
the gates that became the
prison for the Titans.? All
stone especially all cyclopean
SUHUiCGUL@eLSy obelisks,
fortifications, and all
buildings are attributed to
Densu.
In the Mami Wata
Vodoun tradition, Densu’s
mysteries are not publicly
Fig 3: Image of Dattatreya, originally a discussed. They are sacred
Dravidian deity later appropriated by the : 7
Hindus. Many devotees of Densu might and remain the hidden
enshrine a poster of the above deity knowledge of his devotees.
symbolizing their knowledge of the ancient
mysteries associated with a shared divine
history.

ATTRIBUTES DENSU
DEITY: Densu:
CONSORTS: paired as divine-twin of Atergatis/Der-keto

(Ketu)
ORIGINATED AFRICAN GROUPS: Major locations were

Libya, Egypt, Phoenicia, then to Crete (worshiped as
“Dagon”), Philistine, and Palestine, then West Africa.
OTHER NAMES: Dagon/Odacon/Adonis/Ho/Ho-

Ana/Consus/Poseidon (by Libyans, Phoenicians)/
Odak6n/Laocoon (ancient Rhodes, Greece, where he was
worshiped) /Yama/Pesitan (in Carthage)/Hea/Hu/Ag
be/
Dossou/Shiva/Datatreya/Juno/ Neptune/
EPITHETS: wide-ruling, broad-breasted (sea and land)
PLANET: Neptune
ELEMENT: owner of the deep sea/ocean, salt water
IMPLEMENTS: Most ancient implements were wheat and

the plough and the arrow head. Present implements are the
trisula, trident,conch, white abobo (snail), ship, rainmaker,
boat, ships, canoes.
ANIMAL/ANCESTRAL TOTEM: goat, white bull, white

horse,
STONE: stone and marble

PLANT: lily, lettuce.
SEASON: Spring
BODY: head
SACRED COLORS: white, red, black
SACRED NUMBER: 7,9
SACRED FESTIVAL DAY: Sunday
NOTES
1. Brown, Robert, JNR. Poseidon. London: Longmans Green, and Co., 1872, p. 6.
2. Ibid. p.13.
3. Ibid. p. 19.

PART TEN
ittt
MAMI DEVOTEES IN AMERICA
HAVING THEIR SAY...
AFRICAN ANCESTORS & SPIRITS TRUE AUTHORS

OF AFRICAN-AMERICAN CULTURE
(CHALLENGING THE FEAR, IGNORANCE & STIGMA OF
HONORING AFRICAN RELIGIONS IN AMERICA)
Fig 1: Many in the Diaspora now filled with fear and ignorance of their African spiritual
traditions, are wholly unaware that their “Christian” revivals are nothing more than
modified Vodoun ceremonies. Possession by the “holy ghost” is more than likely
“ancestral, African deities,” who are still attempting to come though, but are not being
heard. The only elements missing are the original African theology and the proper rites
to hear and understand their experience. Lithograph: “Southern Baptists” by Floyd Newrain
f an African-American priestesses (or priest) of any of the growing number

of African religions in America were to “share their faith” by giving praise
and honor to the African deities and ancestors, many in the Diaspora would
look upon them with fear, dread, and sometimes even horror. Their first
response is usually “You better be careful when you start dabbling in that stuff)”
Additionally, when African-Americans want to praise the name of their God, or
pray for healing, spiritual upliftment, confess their sins, or seek new hope, they
have been trained for centuries to turn to a white-faced “Jesus,” begging for
salvation. Little do they know that if the wish to understand the historical “black
Jesus,” they would have to look to the Mami Wata Vodoun religion.
648 MAMI DEVOTEES IN AMERICA

of their innate African ancestral spirits and deities, that continues unabated even
until today. This shameful ignorance is projected on all levels of American
society. African-Americans who walk away from American educational
institutions bearing their degrees, yet remain shamefully ignorant of who they
are spiritually. This category includes many so-called “A fricentrists” who claim
an “African-centered” perspective, yet look with horror and run with fear when
the word “Vodou” is mentioned. Many themselves practitioners of western
colonial religions never having challenged its legitimacy. Millions in the
Diaspora fail to realize that the most sacred part of their being is cosmogentically
linked with their reclaiming their ancient African spirits, honoring their
ancestors, and relearning the truth about the ancient theologies, and sacred
rituals that are so vital to them and their children’s holy connectedness with
God /less (divine life).
AFRICAN SPIRITS ARE MANIFESTED IN ALL ASPECTS OF AFRICAN-

AMERICAN CULTURE AND LIFE
It is time for the Diaspora to recognize that African spirits are

manifested in all aspects of African-American culture and life. Without them,
there would be no African culture or definition of Africaness as it is expressed
throughout the Diaspora. It is also time for them to realize that it is not only the
constitutionally protected right of all practice their religion, it is their (Diaspora)
divine duty to protected the sacredness of African religions for future
generations. Someday, they too will be an “ancestor.” If they knew what their
ancestors know, namely that “Jesus ain't there waiting for them on the other
side,” they would rush to see to it that their children learn how to propitiate them
after death, so that they can continue to protect and bless their families.
AFRICAN RELIGIOUS SURVIVALS DENIED AND IGNORED BY

CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGISTS AND OTHERS
The devastating myth that slavery and the systematic dehumanization

(Jim Crow), and acculturation of Africans enslaved in America, somehow
overpowered millions of years of cosmogenetic spirit contained within their
souls, is widely accepted. This is further complicated by the myth that Africans
arrived in America already “Christianized,” and therefore, freely rid themselves
of African spiritual culture and practice. As a result, the study of African
[religious] survivals in America have been largely ignored by cultural
anthropologists and social scientists. African-Americans who attempt to practice
their ancestral religions, suffer undue criticism by some Africans and many
practitioners who reside in countries in which African traditional religions,
continued to survive in some consistent form. All claiming that African-
Americans “possess no African spirits.”

Both cultural anthropologists and the foreign

practitioner’s chief theory or complaint is that,
except for some African survivals in the Catholic
slaveholding territories in the United States, i.e.,
Louisiana, African religions did not survive in
mainland America. This absence they claim, was
due to the heavy protestant populations and the
barbaric means in which they suppressed the
enslaved Africans ability to practice. The
Christian church, though it served as an emotive
and cultural platform to express some African
spiritual, “exoteric” elements, the actual deities
Fig 2: African-American “Blues” themselves many argue have simply vanished.
lovedaround the world, is
considered tohave its origins from
the mournfulcries of a depressed
AFRICAN-AMERICANS ARE OFTEN
and enslavedAfrican people. MOCKED, FINANCIALLY AND SEXUALLY
However, black Jazz,often ignored
by the Diaspora, is theexistential
EXPLOITED BY UNSCRUPULOUS PRIESTS
expressions of themournful and
joyful cries of theAfrican deities, Many African-Americans who are led to follow
as expressed thoughthe genius of
the spiritual paths of their ancestors by seeking
pianists TheloniousMonk, Miles
Davis, Abby Lincoln andothers. It proper initiation and training, are often mocked,
was this Jazz music inparticular, financially and sexuality exploited, or are not
that was preached againstat the believed to be in possession of their gods at all,
turn of the century, as
“Satan’smusic.” Both black and based upon faulty and illogical reasoning.
whiteChristian evangelists tried
desperatelyto keep it off the
American airwaves,What is rarely
mentioned is that it wasthis music . it is not necessary to speak an
that saved the sufferingsouls of African tongue or to dress in
Europe during Hitler’s
“African” clothing, or even to know
NaziGermany. His propagandists
general“Gébbles” deliberately piped where ones ancestors were captured
black jazzthroughout all of the and sold, to be born in America with
airwaves inEurope, thinking the
a tutelary African spirit that must be
people woulddespise it. Instead, to
his horror,Europe went wild, and tended to within the context of
craved it tosuch an extent that it is African ritual.
there wheremany black jazz
musicians livedbecause of the
racism and_ persecutionthey
experienced in America.
Today,viewed as only) an
“Americanart-form,” Black children
have hardlythe same exposure to However, those who know better, fully
Jazz as theirwhite counterparts, understand that suppression of the exoteric
who are learningto mimic it as an culture does not translate as death of the African
“artistic style”.
spirits themselves.

They further understand that no human on earth can negate the divine
providence of the gods. Further, due to
the legacy of slavery and its aftermath, it
is in the name of the African gods and
ancestors that a competent African
practitioner is obligated to assist in the
process of recovery, healing and cultural
restoration.
THINKING OUTSIDE THE

COLONIAL BOX
Cntrary to popular myth,

though it is helpful, it is not necessary to
speak an African tongue or to dress in
“African” clothing, or even to know
where ones ancestors were captured
and sold, to be born in America with a
tutelary African. spirit of ones
cosmogenetic lineage, that must be
tended to within the context of African
Fig 3: Powerful teamsters tennis champions
ritual. There are literally thousands of
the Williams sisters. Both display through Africans born on the mainland continent
their physical talent, drive and discipline the who are versed in their ethnic language
warrior priestess spirit of their most ancient and other cultural nuances, but may not
ancestors. It was this spirit all African girls be in possession of a tutelary divinity.
were first initiated to, through their most
ancient African mother “Athena” in ancient
That not all Africans are born
Libya. Contrary to western historical
revisionists, it was not the white Spartans possessing a tutelary divinity simply
and Greeks who invented the Olympic being born on the African continent has
games in Athens and Sparta. These games always been the case. Additionally, no
were invented by the African matriarchal doctrines of racial supremacy or
kingdoms that pre-date Greece, and were persistent policies of economic
commissioned by the African deities
exploitation and social alienation, nor
themselves. Some whites in their attempt to
extremist Christian religious dogma can
explain African athletic genius often use
inappropriate descriptors. Little do they destroy the divine link each individual in
understand that it is the African spirit. There the Diaspora has with their ancestors
is no part of African-American culture and gods. The divine providence of the
where African spirits are not involved. gods will be fulfilled through their
progeny one way or the other- either
with tremendous sacrifice and personal
suffering or with great ease. What this means is, although it is true that
Africans enslaved in America did suffer severe religious persecution and were
forcibly discouraged from worshiping their deities and honoring their ancestors,
the spirits, which are cosmogenetically anchored in their family lineages, have
never left.

RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION NOT NEW TO AFRICANS
If one were to step out of the narrowly defined cultural box, they will
soon discover that this pattern of “deity adaptation” is not new to the African
experience nor confined to the sordid past of American slavery. The black,
matriarchai Canaanite, Phoenicians and Phrygians were constantly being chased
from their ancient temples and homelands, due to envy and jealousy of the
sacerdotal powers of the African Queen Mothers. The Africans have survived
the neolithic invasions of their own
African patriarchs, namely the Guti, the
Kassites, Korites and Hurrians, to be
He LMT CEIN IN DP CIPIKCEN followed by the Assyrians, Persians,
Christians knew that the Greeks, Romans, Portugese, French,
“New Testament” was little British and other Indo-European _ tribes,
more than a_ carefully CniGethielh wes UDSecquenitem cultural
concealed history of the destructions. In spite of this, the African
takeover, vilification and ancestors and their African gods, simply
destruction of their ancient readapted themselves, their languages,
African mother’s (and culture and ritual styles of worship to the
father’s) holy temples, they new colonial conditions.
would leave the churches in
droves, or at minimum, Cultural adaptation is a creative
change the manner in which and divine skill that Africans have
they passively accept western implemented for eons. Therefore, the
“biblical” patriarchal history argument that African-Americans are
somehow exempt from these historical
experiences which would force their gods
to abandon them, does not hold up with
the historical facts. The second argument
that is proffered against the African-American in denying the existence of their
gods, is the so-called myth that the now “black” American are so_ heavily
“miscegenated” (racially mixed) rendering it impossible for their gods to remain
with them. This weak argument too holds no water when examined thru the
broader lens of ancient history.
Africans, since the beginning of time have always practiced

“exogamy,” inter-ethnic mixing. In fact, in the pre-historic, matriarchal clans of
the Akan, Ewe Ga., etc., when the kingdoms wanted to unite, it was required to
marry inter-ethnically to join not only the ancestral lineages and living families,
but also the deities. The black Amazons, as a rule, practiced exogamy in order
to disseminate the “T’aché” of the Divine African Mother’s blood. This African
matriarchal practice is actually the historical reason why Europe outlawed “inter-
racial mixing” of Taurian (black) blood, and why the Ashkenazi (Eastern European
descended) Jews were so hated because they were known to have mixed with
and to carry the traditions of the ancient African Canaanites who first settled into
the region around 3 B.C.E.

The black Amazonian warriors as a rule, subsumed all ethnic groups

into the divine matriarchs by intermarrying and inter-breeding with the local
men wherever they established a new kingdom outside of Africa. In the
Dahomean empire, it was the custom of the royal family to not intermarry, but
rather encourage marriage between the “commoner”.
HISTORICAL AFRICA NOT CONFINED TO ITS CURRENT COLONIAL

BOUNDARIES
Some of the greatest empires of the

African gods existed not only within Africa, but . if a 10,000 year
outside of Africa in ancient Mesopotamia, India, history of inter-
Asia Minor, Mycenae, lonia, Minoa, Rome, Eastern ethnic/racialmixing
Europe and elsewhere. When the sacred omphaé neither diminished,
temples of the Sibyls were usurped in Africa, Mami nor extinguished
and the Towiyo /Manes (deified ancestors) went the deities born to
with the matriarchs into the aforementioned lands. the African, why
The priests of Amon had to go to them in a would a 500 year
“foreign” land to hear history of the same,
what the gods had to change the nature
say. of the deities born
fare) Avr Gaines
Further, the Americans?
ancient Fulani (Fulbe)
were either ethnically
absorbed or were
themselves subsumed by the conquering clans
wherever they migrated. In other words, African
migratory history since per-historic times required
both inter-ethnic and inter-racial mixing in order to
absorb and to civilize the local populations,
Therefore, exogamy (miscegenation) is not new to
Africans, it is evolutionary and indigenous to Africa’s
migratory history of growth and expansion.
MAJORITY OF AFRICAN-AMERICANS
Fig 4: Black Diana Fletcher
MIXED WITH NATIVE AMERICAN BLOOD
with Kiowa Nation. Majority
Oona iiteantt ierareenin Conversely, if a more than 10,000 year
African-Ameri-cans are history of inter-ethnic/racial mixing neither
Native American. ©Katz
diminished, nor extinguished the deities born to the
African, why would a 500 year history of the same,
change the nature of the deities born to African-Americans? Finally, the majority
of the African-Americans are not mixed with European blood as is so often
assumed. The majority are mixed with Native Indian and other African ethnic
ancestry. A bio-cultural pattern which is also not unique to American history.
Africans have been “mixing” with the black Indians of ancient India “proto-
Elamites”, (Dravidians), for thousands of years.

These groups themselves, came out of the same paleolithic, African Fertile
Crescent of Libya and are born from the same African mother and have
worshiped nearly the same gods and ancestors since the beginning of time.
In the case of African-Americans, what is actually being said here, is

that a people whom, against all conceivable odds, were never meant to survive
American enslavement, but did. As such, in following their instinctive ancestral
patterns of survival, the same cultural recreation and adaptation was fully
implemented in America as it happened in Brasil, Cuba, Haiti and elsewhere the
Africans gods settled with their progeny.
AFRICAN-AMERICAN CULTURE SHOULD NOT BE EXCLUDED FROM

THE RISING “AFRICAN” RELIGIOUS AND RITUAL EXPERIENCES
The results of these new

“Black, classical jazz and cultural expressions are critical to the
gospel is the music of the African-American spiritual survival
Vodou, the Nkisi, the Obosom because, it chronicles as no_ other
and the Orisha, just as much as source, the means by which the African
traditional African sacred folk gods re-created a divine connection to
music on the continent. ..It is aid them in their survival from slavery,
these important cultural Jim Crow and_ other forms of
elements that are just as much oppression in America. For this reason
“traditional as is [continental] alone, African-American culture should
African folk music, which is not be excluded from their rising
largely an expression of the “African” religious consciousness and
“
same or similar experiences. ritual experiences. Black, classical jazz
and gospel is the music of the Vodou,
the Nkisi, the Obosom and the Orisha,
just as much as traditional African
sacred folk music. Black classical blues
is also just as much the soulful expressions of the African ancestral experiences
of chattel slavery as traditional African religious music. Contained within them is
the history of the enslaved African ancestors battle against state sanctioned
apartheid, civil rights, as well as their expressing their loves, loss, hates, wants,
needs, passions, human frailties and a longing to “go home.” It is these
important cultural elements that are just as much “traditional as is [continental]
African folk music, which is largely an expression of the same or similar
experiences.
African deities are the true owners and inspiration for all African and
Diaspora cultural and spiritual expressions. When traditional avenues of
expression have been altered, vulturized, suppressed or destroyed, the African
gods and ancestors have always recreated a new milieu in which to express
themselves; manifesting culturally within the environments in which their heirs
find themselves.

“AFRICA” IS WHAT IS BORN IN ONES SOUL, AND IS NOT

CONFINED TO ANY GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
As the Diaspora gradually begins to understand the absolute bio-

celestial nature of their connection to their
deities, they will soon learn that it is never
necessary for them to assume nor to allow
others to impose a narrowly defined “African
identity” outside of that which does not African-American
intimately and historically express their own culture deserves
ancestral and divine experiences. “Africa” is honor, respect ne
what is born in ones soul, and is not confined to inclusiveness i
any geographical location. Further, it is nice to order to “wear
dance to the samba of another countries gods, their African gods
however, it is divine to move to the soulful comfortably.
rhythms created in ones own backyard. In
doing so, one can learn more about the nature
of their tutelary gods and ancestors, than any
“traditionalist” can teach them.
What is being said here is for the African-American to deny the rich
anthology of culture created by their African gods and ancestors as they
traversed the struggles in the New World with them, is to again deny
themselves. African-American culture deserves honor, respect and
inclusiveness in order to “wear” their African gods comfortably. Though
important to learn and include, exclusively adopting the African cultural
practices of another as the so-called “right or traditional” way, might prove
more challenging and in the end counterproductive to the objective of the
African deities themselves.

Marnaissii Vivian Hunter-Hindrew Mami Wata: Africa's Ancient God/dess Unveiled
MAMI’S DEVOTEES “HAVING THEIR SAY”
IN AMERICA
Mamaissii “Miss Mary.” Younger sister of author, and first Mami Wata priestess initiated
(1998) in Mami Wata Healers Society. Los Angeles, California. OMWHS

IN TOGO THEY TOLD US THAT OUR SPIRITS WERE EVIL
Mamaissii Hounon Afua. Native born and raised Togolese, initiated to Mami in her
village, and to the Vodou (2003 )in New Jersey where she currently resides. She is an
entrepreneur of ‘Chez Afua’ in Pleasantville, New Jersey
In Togo we were told that our traditions were evil, just the
same as our American sisters. It is good to know that the
traditions are coming back strong in America!

... EGREW-UP IN A “HOLINESS” CHURCH
Wofonan! (Greetings & Blessings to you!)
Mamaissii Kelliama “Hounon” in front of Mami Tabk. initiated 2001.

Stone Mountain GA. OMWHS
hope and pray that your spirit is awakened by the contents in this book.
Prior to arriving at this juncture, you may have researched many other
eligious traditions. But something was still missing.
Somehow, in spite of all of your conditioning, you privately knew (and

might have even felt guilty for knowing) that Christianity was not your way. Was
it something about the white Jesus, or was it just the character of the people in
the church, or all of the above? If | have gotten your attention you are the reason
this book was published, and this is my story:
| have been on the journey of searching for my true spiritual path for as
long as I can remember. Growing up in Savannah, Georgia, starting from the
age of six,

| would overhear my adult family members talking about somebody

“being worked,”' and would listen intently as they talked about those
“crazy people who lived over the bridge” in South Carolina.
Somehow their conversations about someone being “worked,”

never frightened me, because | knew someday, that I too would end up
doing what those so-called “crazy people across the bridge” were
doing. Of course, for beneficent purposes.
What they were “doing” was practicing remnants of the ancient

African religions of our ancestors, that survived more than a century of
on-going persecution and suppression in America. By the time I was
born, African spiritual traditions were fully demonized, and well hidden
underground, only to be whispered in the dimly lit pallor rooms that now
served as havens for Christian rival meetings.
I grew up in a holiness church at a time when the women couldn't

preach in the pulpit and they couldn’t wear pants. We [women] were not
even allowed to listen to any non-secular music other than “Christian.”
The conditioning was thorough, reinforced by all kinds of “do’s and
don’ts.” Ironically, for hypocritically] these rules didn’t apply to their [the
pastor’s] children. Also as a child while attending church, what |
remembered the most was being wrought with fear of going to “hell”. |
was frightened to such a degree that | would even have dreams of being
admonished by the “Devil,” if | were to violate any of the church rules.
I remember on one occasion, dreaming of an icy-red Devil

sitting atop the church steeple, mischievously smiling down upon me
while wagging his long arrow-pointed tale. I’d also have dreams (visions)
of another kind. For example, in one dream I saw the minister’s head turn
backwards, and a face behind his head suddenly appeared, midnight
black bearing no distinct features. These kinds of dreams | instinctively
knew were warning signs of the things to come. My mother knew of my
visions but in the “Bible Belt”? it was dangerous to share such things, for
fear of being accused as “ungodly.” In time I'd learn to just keep my
dreams to myself.
As | grew older and moved away from home, I'd attend church
occasionally but, my soul was still restless, and was not at peace.
Somehow, | knew that | was on a spiritual journey in search of my
“African-Self.”* Most in the Diaspora might not define it in that way, but
so much of our collective “African “Self” (Spirit) had been stripped, that
many might not realize that is what they are searching to reconnect to.
It [Spirit] is not something that is outside of us. It is inside, but

needs the right sacred (ritual) key to connect us back to it. While on my
journey in search of my spirit, | must have tried just about everything.

I was disappointed at the majority of what

was available. Most
spiritual paths that promised the “right connection,”
proved to be more
hype than substance. It seemed as if every spiritual “guru” had a “game,”
either to win over converts or to just get their hands on my hard earned
cash, Or worst, even my body. Sexual exploitation of women has
reached epidemic proportion in the church and within many of these
New Age paths. One must be careful and not be impressed with titles,
and degrees but rather with results. Be that as it may, after finally
having spent an untold number of dollars on Western (New Age)
modalities to “spirituai enlightenment”, to no avail, I’d almost given-up.
That is until one day a sister (black woman) gave me a book that
discussed the concept of ancestors and how to build a shrine, and how to
communicate with them. Can I tell you about Pandora’s box? I was sold.
I'd always knew that the ancestors would answer prayers fast.
| underwent my very first Ifa reading’ in 1998. There, I was told that
I must be initiated to (both hands of) Ifa, and I was told that the Yoruba
Orisha of the waters, Osun® was my head guardian. Upon hearing this
information, | made plans to fly to Nigeria. It was there that Chief
Babalawo Kayodae Ifayanni initiated me to Ifa and to Osun, assisted by
Mama Osun, at their Egbe® of Osun in Osogbo, Nigeria. While there, |
also received my warriors and Egungun’. However, in spite of all of that,
I still knew that something was missing. | felt as if | had purchased a
beautiful car without the keys.
What’s more, | could not shake the image | saw when I received my
hands of Ifa. That was the first night Mami revealed herself to me. No
one I knew could tell me about the woman with the snakes. | found out
who she was when I saw an image of a lady in an Olokun book. All of my
readings led me to Mami from my Ifa reading to my initiations.
This vision was magnified by an inner voice I'd heard while

undergoing my ceremonies in Nigeria. It said that “you are not home
yet.” That voice lingered in my soul which hungered to know more. In
fact, it seemed that my entire life was crashing down around me, and |
knew I was being led to find out its cause.
To make a long story short, a close friend referred me to the

website of Mamaissii Vivian, high priestess of the Mami Wata Yeveh
Vodoun tradition which she established the first Hou-egbe (shrine) in
1996 in Augusta, Georgia. There, after undergoing another divination
by her, I learned my true identity as a child of Mami. Shortly thereafter, |
underwent full initiations to Mami Wata, the Vodoun and the Tchamba by
Mama Arita, Papa Daniel and Mamaissii Vivian. Today, | now have the
keys to my car. When one is a child of Mami, she will give one no peace
until one is taken care of correctly. | now understand why | was so
steadfast on finding Mami.
ool MAMI DEVOTEES IN AMERICA

| am connected with what was lost to me as a result of slavery. In

my opinion, Mamaissii Vivian is a great blessing to us. She is doing great
things here in America. | received full and proper ceremonies and I’m
functioning very well. | have never witnessed the phenomena that I have
experienced since before my ceremonies. Mami, the Vodou and my
(Tchamba) ancestors are truly taking care of me, and for that alone, | am
very grateful. If you ever want to know who you are, Mamaissii Vivian
will surly tell you. She has nothing to gain and in my opinion, she has no
ego.
I also want to add, that what I experienced in Nigeria was

ritually correct. |do not lambast them at all. 1am very grateful to them as
well for the many lessons that I have learned. It just happens that many
of us in the Diaspora might need a different path. Both (Nigeria) and the
Vodoun of West Africa are ancestrally linked, and are cousins in many
ways.
The /bo, Ijaw and the Ibibio clans of southern Nigeria were
worshipers of Mami Wata.! recently learned that their traditions were all
but destroyed by the Christian and Muslims, and the few temples that
remain are constantly being harassed and discriminated against.
However, in the final analysis, for the seeker, the goal is to find the right
path to achieve the correct balance and link with the ancestors and
deities. This | have finally found and have accomplished.
One final word I have for my sisters. As it is on any path sexual

exploitation and ritual abuse can occur. Please heed my warning, it is
important to start taking responsibility for your actions. Use your head. If
anyone tells you to take off your cloths for reasons other than a spiritual
bath (which should be performed by a women anyway), run the other
way.
If you are asked for hair samples or body fluids and other personal
items, run the other way. If you are asked for sexual favors for any
reason, run the other way. If a male priest insists that he must bath you,
it is permissible to request that a female priestess perform this ritual for
you. African religions are the best thing that can happen to the Diaspora.
However in its infancy in America, abuses can and do occur. Never leave
an opportunity for you as a woman to be abused.
In the spirit of my ancestors,
Wezalo!
(I bid you peace and farewell!)
Awo/Mamaissii Hounon Kelliama

NOTES: (terms defined by Mamaissii Vivian Hunter-Hindrew).
1. “Being worked,”, is an African-American expression used in the Hudu (Hoodoo)

ethno-botanical, magical and conjuring tradition. It can denote someone whom
ritual magic has been worked” either in a beneficent or maleficent manner.
2. The” fundamentalist, religious South”, a term applied to the Southern United

States, to mean those who are traditionally intolerant of other faiths that do not
reflect their verison of western Christianity.
3. “African -Self.” An existential term meaning the thirst of the soul in desiring
African spiritual nourishment through ritual, cultural and intellectual means it has
been generationally accustomed and pathed by God..
4. “Ifa/Afa” divination is the Yoruba and West African Vodoun oracular system of
determining ones destiny. It is known that all humans possess a unique purpose in
the world, and special ceremonies are employed to enhance its successful outcome.
Being initiated to “both hands,” of Ifa/Afa means one not only have received their
destiny, they have also received ceremonies to study as an apprentice of Ifa/Afa.
5. “Osun” is one of three chief water Orishas (deities) in the Yoruba spiritual
pantheon. The other two are Yemoja, and Olokun.
6. An “Egbe” is the same as “Shrine.”
7. Egungun is the major deified ancestral order of the Yoruba’s.
8.” Hou-egbe,” an Ewe term for “Shrine.”

| HAVE ALWAYS BEEN INTERESTED IN SPIRITUALITY ...
By Gail Taylor, Ph.D., Mamaissii Hunsi
Mamaissii Hunsi *, Gail Taylor in Mami Shrine. Initiated 2002,

Chesapeake, VA.
pirit has a special way of working with you. All my life, Spirit
has led me on a search that was both cultural and spiritual.
his search, this longing, | believe, resulted in my initiation
into Mami Wata.
I have always found myself searching out African culture. At

first it was easy. I think it was obligatory for every Black girl in Brooklyn
during the 1960s and 1970s to take African dance classes. I usually took
classes with friends at day camp during the summer. Even though I was
not a serious student, it was a great way to become acquainted with the
culture and music. This early cultural education was furthered through
the many events | attended as a child and young adult.

One that stands out is the African Street Fair (now called the International
African Arts Festival.) | attended it as a little girl when it was still held on
Claver Place in the Bedford-Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn.
As an adult | made yearly pilgrimages to the Festival no matter

how busy or cash-strapped I may have been at the time. Until just
recently, | would go to the Festival each and every day it was held and
mostly just walk up and down the grounds. Sometimes I would stop and
buy something: a doll, a cowrie shell anklet, a stack of books, a pita
sandwich stuffed with fried fish and salad. Sometimes | would run into a
friend or an extended family member. But that was not the main reason |
was there.
The Festival, which at that time was held on the athletic field of
Boys and Girls High School, was set up like an African marketplace. It
was filled with scores of vendors, many from Africa and the Caribbean,
selling clothing, incense, oils, shea butter, foods, musical tapes and CDs,
artwork (masks, paintings, sculptures, etc.), furniture, etc. Added to the
mix were the many musical artists who came from all over the Diaspora.
The true stars, however, were the exuberant youth dance companies that
brought down the house with electrifying performances of traditional
dances and rhythms. Each year priests and priestesses from different
African Traditional Religions did readings. There was just something at
the Festival that made me want to go back year after year.
I was also a spiritual searcher as well. It seems like | have

always been interested in spirituality. However, even though | had been
an avid churchgoer all my life, | kept feeling something was missing. |
knew myself to be powerful spiritually; | have had miraculous answers to
prayers. Once when I| was an undergraduate, | prayed for relief from a
cantankerous English professor. He belittked me because I had not done
well on a test. So | studied as hard as 1 could. Even more importantly, |
prayed as hard as! could. By the next class meeting, we were informed
that the professor, who was an elderly man, had been hospitalized and
would be recuperating for the next few weeks! When he returned, he
was so pleasant it was uncanny.

| managed to get a good grade in the class, too!
However, sometimes Spirit has to remove everything familiar from you

to work with you. You get put in exile. It all becomes clear then. My
exile took place in Texas.
While | was getting my doctorate degree there, | felt totally

disconnected from myself, my community, my own Spirit. | missed the
warmth and vibrancy of my Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood. | missed
the words of wisdom from the many mothers I had there. It has been
said that living in a neighborhood like Bed-Stuy or Harlem is like living in
a village. It's true!
My longing was slightly alleviated when | got my first university

teaching position in Virginia. | was now closer to home. However, with
the pressures of my new job, disintegrating marriage and spiritual ennui,
I knew, more than ever, that | needed to be connected spiritually to
Mother Africa in an even more direct way.
My taste in music changed. | listened almost exclusively to

African music: gospel, blues, jazz and Latin music played all the time on
my radio and CD player. As I did research, wrote papers, revised
lectures, | listened to the sounds of Armstrong, Coltrane, Puente and
Babatunde. | began to read anything | could find about African
Traditional Religions; | learned about the Yorubas (Western, Nigeria), the
Kemetics (of Egypt) , the Akans (of Ghana), the Dogons (Mali).
Sometimes, if | had the opportunity, | took part in traditional rituals and
ceremonies. An especially moving one was the Middle Passage
Ceremony in Coney Island. I remember standing in waist-deep water
surrounded by thousands of people in white, as | offered fruit and
flowers to the many ancestors who had lost their lives in these cold
Atlantic waters.
Right after that, a major turnaround came. | felt led by Spirit to

sign up for a two-year Spiritual Life Development Course taught by lyanla
Vanzant. Previously, | had read her books and had attended a few of her
lectures and workshops. My roommate for the week-long intensive, had
just received her elekes (ceremonial necklaces) in the Yoruba tradition.

Through divination, she was encouraged to visit Mamaissii Vivian, in

Martinez, Georgia, the first African-American Mamaissii and Vodoun
priestess to be initiated from her own ancestral lineage, who was now
initiating others in the diaspora. And that was how | learned about Mami
Wata.
When my friend was initiated in the summer of 2001, she

invited me to assist and witness at her ceremony. It was during a
divination session there, that I learned that | too was Mami Wata. The
following year (2002), | received my own Mami initiation.
There is much I still need to learn about my tradition, but the

searching and longing is over. I am still learning how to work with and
listen to Mami. I am still learning how to be obedient. However, | truly
love having this direct connection to Africa, to my Spirit, and to myself. |
am blessed to be able to live the tradition and practice the ritual every
day, not just once a year.
| appreciate the wisdom, instruction and support from my

godparents at the Mami Wata Healers Society. | relish being a part of the
community of Mamaissis right here in the United States. Before | could
only obtain that sense of community from my old neighborhood.
Through Mami Wata I have tools to help improve my life

situation. Here I have found both the spiritual and cultural connections |
had been seeking all my life. I now see that as a daughter of Africa, my
very DNA had been crying out for these connections.
I know I have come full circle.
Alll can say is, “Thank you, Mami!”

| WAS BORN IN EAST AFRICA ...
Mamaissii Hunsi Wambui. Initiated

2002, Washinton, D.C.
I am the first initiated Mamaissii Hunsi from Kenya. Mamaissii

Vivian, and Mama Arita and Papa Daniel initiated me into Mami Wata in
Washington DC, in 2002. My marriage to Mami occurred after 28
years of a very energetic spiritual life, and | am humbled that the Spirits
have chosen me to do God's work in this lifetime.
The paradox is that | had to cross the globe, all the way to the
United States for my divination, and was initiated by the first Mamaissii
of resurrected lineage in the Diaspora, an African-American. Although
Mami Wata is everywhere in Africa, the pantheon has no priestesses and
priests in Kenya. There is no one in Kenya with the spiritual authority to
perform these ceremonies; and very little knowledge (if any) exists of the
vodoun gods and of the Mami Wata spirit pantheon anymore.

Also sadly, intolerance, suspicion and persecution of African

Traditional Religionists in my country is not unknown. It is safer for me to
honor Mami Wata and my ancestors here in the West than it would be
for me to do so in Kenya.
Because I have no Vodoun lineage unlike the majority in West

Africa and the Diaspora, I shall spend my life consolidating the bond and
ashé between Mami Wata, my ancestors and I, and hope to leave this
spiritual link and legacy to my children. | feel honored to be chosen by
the spirits as the first initiate from my region and pray that Mami Wata
and my ancestors will keep me with them throughout my time on this
earth.
My earliest tangible contact with the spirits occurred when I was

four years old. | lay in my bed one night and awoke to see four small
human-like beings seated in a circle in my bedroom floor performing a
ritual. | do not recall being afraid, or much of what happened
afterwards, but my life has been filled with episodes of spiritual contact
since then, and as | have grown older, my understanding of these
experiences and of my role in them has deepened. During my first
divination when I was 27 years old, it was pointed out to me by the
Mamiaissiis that those who visited me were my ancestors, and that they
had come to me from the stars, where they live.
Growing up, my extended family in Africa was completely

Christianized. | attended Roman Catholic convent schools, underwent all
the ceremonies from Baptism to Confirmation, Mass twice a week, sang
in a choir and memorized the bulk of Roman Catholic prayers. However,
both my parents were never staunch Christians and although my mother
took us to church every other Sunday, it was out of habit and the desire
to give my siblings and | some sort of spiritual reference point. |
sometimes wonder whether my family would have been Christian had
my society accorded African Traditional Religion the respect it deserves,
and had the few underground traditional religionists there practiced
freely and openly communed with our ancestors. A lot of the turmoil |
underwent as a child could have been routed, had | undergone a
divination, Amélélé (ritual) bath and initiation when I was young.

As a teenager, | was living in the U.S. and had ceased being a

Christian. | still prayed to God, and believed as it had been instilled in me,
that the Divine was white and male, that the Holy Trinity represented him,
and that any spirituality indigenous to Africa was ‘evil’. My spiritual life
at this time was tumultuous. Constantly, | was being thrust into situations
of high spiritual intensity. | continued to witness otherworld activities and
visions. At this time, my understanding of the forces that are at work
behind everyday living almost completely overwhelmed me. | was
tormented by the experiences I underwent, as there was no one with
whom I could talk freely; and when I tried to seek out those | felt would
understand, most were charlatans and spiritual opportunists who either
belonged to strange cults or exploited the spiritual realm for monetary
gain, and egoistic purposes.
No one understood me. My teachers in school thought I was

strange; | did not have close friends; and my nuclear family had no idea
what to do with me. Because I was unable to verbalize my experiences, |
became very secretive and hid a lot from my family. | lost weight and
became rail-thin, and only found comfort away from people, because it
was when I was surrounded by others and in social activities that the
spiritual world overwhelmed me. So much was going on in my head. My
dream world was cacophonous (discordant). The spirits interfered in my
life psychologically and physically. | never knew a moment’s peace as |
was always on the lookout for things to come crashing all around me.
It was as though the spirits were taunting me. From the highest
point, they would take me to the lowest, and yet, when | felt that | was
going to die, they would miraculously save me. Even though | could
comprehend the inner workings of a lot around me, and could see some
of what was hidden to many people’s eyes, | had absolutely no control
over my life.
Little did | know that this is how Mami works. When you are a
child of Mami Wata, the spirits will push you to extremes, with the goal
of forcing you to search for their representatives in this world; for those
who can help you.

By my mid-twenties, | had suffered tremendously. My search

for answers had led me across three continents and | had met some of
the strangest people who purported to have spiritual powers.
I was alone, financially insecure and just wanted to die. I was

also deeply sad and kept asking my ancestors whom | now prayed to,
why they had put me on this planet only to abandon me. | really wanted
to die and wished death would come swiftly to release me from my
tribulations.
One afternoon, I sat on a friend’s couch wondering what I could

do since all roads had led nowhere. I had read so many books on African
Traditional Religion and talked with people who had been unable to help
me. Finally, | woke up, went to the computer and started browsing
through ATR sites, something I had done countless times before.
Somehow, I ended up reading Mamaissii Vivian’s story. In a few minutes,
without thinking twice, | phoned her with my heart beating wildly while |
poured out my story to her.
I followed Mamaissii Vivian’s advise and received my divination

soon after, in which she, Mama Arita and Papa Daniel divined mea child
of Mami Wata. They also told me that the spirits demanded my initiation
to them. When Mamaissii Vivian informed me that I should have
undergone my initiation as a child, | could only shake my head. Who
would have performed it for me in Kenya, where Mami Wata is virtually
unknown now? In a country that is predominantly Christian and where
evangelical proselytizing is rife, to whom would I have turned? I truly
thank God for leading me to Mamaissii’s website that day.
Immediately after my divination, | underwent my Ameleélé

(ritual) bath from Mamaissii Vivian. My life then changed completely
and I have never looked back. For me, the journey was not over. There
were special rules | had to follow. My circumstances were different and |
underwent my initiation the next year with Mamaissii Vivian, Arita,
Daniel and Joy in attendance.

Mami Wata is my life and | cannot imagine any other way of

being. There are many Africans who have the mistaken belief that those
of us who were born on the continent have more spiritual ‘authenticity’
than our brethren in the Diaspora, and yet, we know nothing of our
Gods. Many of us believe that faith in our ancestors is ‘backward’ and in
our zeal to fashion ourselves as westerners, continue to walk away from
who we truly are.
We deride those who choose the less-traveled path of true

ancestor worship, and because of fear, seek to discredit them, often
heaping abuse on those who have chosen this way. Sometimes, many of
us practice hybrid caricatures of African traditional worship, because we
are hesitant to seek the true way, one that we have no control over.
I know that Mami Wata is not a choice for me; it is who I am. |
know that those who seek to exploit the spirits and ancestors learn
quickly that man can never equate himself with the vast panorama of the
spirit world. Living with Mami and tending to my spirit takes precedence
over all else. | have direct access to my source, the Mami Wata pantheon,
whose depth, power and goodness are unfathomable. What was
boundless in me has been set free and the road map that eluded me for
so long is now in my head.
Although I am the first initiate from a region of Africa that has

largely forgotten the ancestors, | know that | must succeed in my path,
because there is somebody somewhere from my homeland whose path
in ATR will be made easier if | do so. And because I do not have lineage,
it is all-important for me to build my ashé and leave a strong spiritual
bond to my children. Everything else is secondary.
| am humbled that Mami Wata chose me to be a Mamaissii. |

love and praise my ancestors for pulling me forward throughout my life.
lam eternally grateful to the Mamaissiis here for opening the door when
I knocked and for loving, guiding and helping me completely. May they
all help me to be strong, never shirk my duties or have a runaway ego. |
pray that Mami Wata will make me do God's work.
Peace and blessings,
Mamaissii Hunsi Wambui

IMAGES OF MAMI RECLAIMING

THEIR CHILDREN IN AMERICA . .
Hunsi’ Kavaia, Moultrie, GA Initiated to Mami 2003
673
Mamaissii’Hunsi Dvan. Secretary of MWHS. Tennesee. Initiated 2003

Haitian born Jean Pierre. Initiated Husi 2003, Deleware
675
Hunsi Anthony of New York. Initiated 2002

Hunsi José, Chicago. The T’aché of Mami can be given through initiation by the Mamaissii
Hounons to most for their own personal growth and spiritual edification. Many overlay
Mami with traditional New World survivals such as “Our Lady of Guadalupe, “St. Barbara”
and other familiar culturally religious relics. Though the T’aché of Mami can be given,
these initiates cannot initiate others.
677
Sacred Unions
Mamaissii Hounon’ Kuumba and her mate Hwesu, undergoing the traditional “de sro”
(sacred marriage).. The integrity of the family is very important in the Mami Wata Vodoun
tradition. The active participation of family during the initiation process is very important
and is usually rewarded with many blessings. Mamaissii Kuumba wes initiated 2003 to
Mami, and to the Vodou & Tchamba July 2004. ©Mamaissii Vivian

APPENDICES
ifét
APPENDIX I
MORE CLUES TO AFRICA’S

MATRIARCHAL PAST IN THE
ANCIENT WORLD
Fig 1: See next page
680 AFRICA’S MATRIARCHAL PAST

Fig 1: (previous page), 4000-5000 B.C.E. black clay “goddess” figure, found
in the Tel Halaf mountain region of ancient Syria.! Home of many aboriginal
tribes such as the Mama-sani, who were probably absorbed into the ancient
Elamite empire. Darwah tells use that Syria was the home of the ancient Ewe?
who now reside in West Africa since 1300 C.E. Dozens of these type votive
figures have been found in the region. Used as offerings to Mama-lsis, they
are typically displayed cupping their breasts; a characteristic feature of
Elamite goddess figures. Her body painted with red ochre, symbolic of
menstrual blood, and the ritual and ceremonial use of this figure to either
celebrate life, or to invoke assistance in fertility. Though the so-called
“Semitic” invaders from the North, regarded the religious practices of the
Afro-Elamites and other mountainous “Su”[black] peoples to be a land of
“witches, magicians and evil spirits,"? they quickly adopted, (and are
presently credited with) many of their ancient cultural and ritual practices.”
This while the Afro-Elamites remain virtually forgotten. “Goddess worship”
for the African was not centered on an “archetypal, non-descript,generic,
manifestation of the “feminine power,” as it is mis-understood in the West.”
These figurines traditionally represented a particular ethnic group’s blood
and cosmogenetic connection with a divine ancestor, or clan “totem” deity.
Some of these divine ancestors and deities simply became so powerful, that
they soon took ona far more reaching range of veneration and multi-ethnic
communal! worship. The Afro-Elamites and the Tamil groups are probably
the’same peoples who migrated to Mycenae and Minoa in waves beginning
around 3000 B.C.

AFRO-VOTIVE IMAGES IN ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA
Fig 2: 5000 B.C. clay male and female figures with

cowrie shell shaped eyes and other traditional
decorations, clearly indicating their use as fertility, votive
offerings to Mami. Gods, Demons and Symbols of
Ancient Mesopotamia. An Illustrated Dictionary by
Jermey Black and Anthony Green, Illustrations by Tessa
Richards © 199. By permission of University of Texas
Press.

Fig. 3b: crown of

cornrolls.
Fig.3: Venus of Fig.3c: Venus of
Willendorf. Predmosti in braided
hair.
MOST ANCIENT IMAGE OF THE DIVINE AFRICAN MOTHER AS

“GODDESS OF WHEAT AND CORN (FERTILITY) “
Fig3: Aprox. 25,000 yeas old Venus of Willendorf, found near Donab in
southern Germany. Figure 3b: Rings of concentric corn-rolls on crown. Fig3c:
Venus of Predmosti, found in southern France It is documented that the so-
called "Grimakdian or Aruignacians Africods," migrated into southern France,
and Spain more than 30,000 years ago. The Africans who pre-historically and
ethnographically fit this description are the Khoisans, or so-called “pygmies.”
The worship of the African Mother, as the divine manifestation of “God,” is the
first and oldest form of organized religion. In African cosmogony, her worship
was not centered in a “feminist” Western ideology, but rather in the “Susu
nyatefe”, “Maat,” Iponri’, [logos], or keeper of the divine truth made evident,
as reflected in the cosmos, and the natural order of how all life manifested on
Earth. It is to she that the entire human race is indebted for its very survival,
sustenance and civilization. Her reverence, and the deities entrusted to the
Earth into her care, are the first and oldest organized religions on Earth. All
“modern” religions, theologies, ritual practices, and spiritual disciplines are
merely adulterated versions of the first, African logos. Specialized African
deities, which first manifested from the firmament (celestial waters), that are
known in the West African and Diaspora Vodoun as “Mami Wata.” In the above
illustration, the worship of the water deities and a Thunder God by the,
matriarchal, Aruignacians [“pygmies’] is at least 25,000 years old. “Within their
cosmology they too claim descent from a “Moon or Mountain Mother,” that
rose from the waters. In the caves of Domboshawa in Southem Rhodesia, they
show the ancient tradition of regicide (death king), which includes a drawing
of a priestess dancing beside a stream, bearing baskets of fruit, accompanied
by a standing python. In another scene there stands a nude priestess beside
a cauldron (sacred tripod), and a bison, clearly possessed by the spirit. (Graves,
217). Most of these drawings are depicting life, and ceremonial scenes using
totemic animals sacred to the divinitiess and the African Mother as ancestral
Gentrix. These Aruignacians left indisputable evidence of their African cultural
origins, in the paleolithic caves of Altamira in Spain and in the Caverne des Trois
Fréres (cave of the three brothers) on the French Pyrenees. Their complex,
highly organized religious customs, survived in-tact and extended across the
globe. The Khosians claim descent and feature in Egyptian cosmogony as Bes.
Their presence is known in ancient Punt (Somalia), and in the ancient temples
of Amravati in India. In West African Vodoun their trovodu (deified ancestors)
are part of the Tohosou. The above Willendorf image was originally covered
in red orche dearly to symbolize female menstrual or ritual blood. The use of
red-camwood to symbolize blood is a standard ritual practice in nearly all
African ritual rites for fertility.

APPENDIX II
“ANCIENT EWE KINGDOM OF “HATTI/KHETA” IN

MESOPOTAMIA?
Fig 4: Avobe, head of “Africoid” woman found

in Northern Syria 1200 B.C.E. The ancient Ewe
Kingdom of Canaan was a powerful vassal
kingdom, that reigned in what is now Northern
arkwah has linguistically and culturally traced the Ewe and

Ga clans to ancient Canaan, one of the major worshiping
sites of Mami Hathor, Atergatis and Ishtar. What is known
thus far, is that the Ewe and Ga clans, just as many other African clans,
maintained a custom of re-naming villages and city-states after a
previous location of which they had settled. Conversely, the Greeks and
Romans (just as present day Europeans) were notorious for not only
changing the names of their conquered territories, but also changing the
racial/ethnicdity and claiming their deities and the higher attributes of the
conquered culture for themselves; whereas the Turks were at least
politically astute at restoring the old cultural names, after they had
conquered the lands from the Greeks and Persians.

Histiusha
«
Asia Miner MATL (Hiteic) LAND
ae
Ci gh*
Mempirs
alFayum g
BLACK KINGDOMS
ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA
Fig 5: :Map of Ancient Mesopotamia. At least five of these major kingdoms

were Black and originally matriarchal.
Darkwah’s theory is compelling, because what is also known, is that

the Kingdom of Canaan was a powerful vassal kingdom that reigned in
what is now Northern Syria, between 1600 B.C.E. and 1200 B.C.E. The
sacred city of Carchemish (Kaa Kee Mi), the capitol of Hattie, is a Ga
name, and was the home of the ancient Ga.
NAME “KETU” AND “CANNA” PERVASIVE IN EWE ANCIENT HISTORY
Ketu was also the name of a town in ancient Egypt, perhaps at

the time of the Ewe Egyptian kingships during the Middle Kingdom.
Centuries later, the Ewe and Ga would found a city state (in what is now
the Abeokuta district) in Southwest Nigeria named Ketu. Three-hundred
years later, the Anlo-Ewe would migrate to a province in Dahomey
named Ketu, and later another in the Volta region of Ghana, naming it
Keta, where there also exists a large, sacred Mami lagoon named Keta.

There is also a province in Central Togo named “Kana/Canna.” It is

the name of the major district in ancient Tado (a region in north central
Togo) and was considered holy. It is where the “serpent worshiping”
clans of the Mami Wata Vodoun migrated around 1420 CE. from the
East. We learn that “Kan-nan” meaning “fish canal,” is the name of the
Canaanites, the original inhabitants of Palestine. It is also the site from
which the “biblical” name “Cain” is derived. “Cain” is specifically derived
from “Cainan” and “Ka-nu-nai” which in the ancient Chaldean, tongue
means to “stand up-right” (righteous). The multi-ethnic African groups
who revolted against the Divine African Mother, later to call themselves
“Levitical Jews,” became the enemies of the fiercely matriarchal
Canaanites, and through their Genesis fables blamed them (“Cain”) for
the initial “fall of men” (translated “patriarchy’).
However, the Canaanites’ only “fall,” was in not abandoning

their worship of Her. Unfortunately, it is the account of the enemies of
the Canaanites whose biblical fantasies have been widely circulated in
the West and throughout the world, and violently defended as “divine
truth.”
HITTITES AND THE HATTIS NOT SAME
‘Though researchers tend to strongly imply that the “/ndo-

European” Hittites and the Hattis (Ewe) were the same group, they were
neither ethnically nor linguistically the same. Known as also as the
“Khattish’, the Hatti groups predate the (1400-1190 B.C.E.) invasions of
the Hitties but were somehow “forgotten” or “misplaced.” According to
present historical accounts, they and their language have vanished from
the face of the earth. It is known that several Ewe were Egyptian kings,
and the discovered cuneiform text found in the Hittie ruins, composed of
litanies, prayers, lore and incantations, indicates that their religion is
very much consistent with African traditional practices as they
manifested in the ancient Mediterranean world during that period.
687 AFRICA'S MATRIARCHAL PAST

TRANSLATION OF EWE HATTI (HITTITE) CUNEIFORM
oe, f
Fig 6: . Sample of one letter from more

than 20,000 cuneiform tablets found in the
African kingdoms of Mari (Mami), and
Haitti in ancient Mesopotamia.
ee the world’s first and oldest system of writing, was

invented by the ethnic groups who developed the cluster of
ndependent kingdoms nestled along the Mediterranean,
collectively known as Mesopotamia. The linguistic and cultural evidence,
thus far, indicates that at least five of these major kingdoms were Black
African, and probably matriarchal. Using Dr. Darkwah’s and some of
Higgins linguistic models, we find that the Syrian kingdom of Hatti
(Canaan) was ruled by the Ewe; the Akkadian kingdom, ruled by the
Nziman/Ensiman (Akkads) (Darkwah 201); the kingdom of Chaldea was
believed to be ruled by the Akan Kwahu clan ( Jackson 11); and the
ancient Phoenicia and Elam have all been documented to be black
matriarchal kingdoms.
Their development and use of cuneiform writing was of great

importance in communicating and maintaining diplomatic harmony
amongst these Afro-ethnic kingdoms. Archaeological evidence gathered
from the more than 20,000 letters uncovered from the Nziman/Ensiman
(Akkadian) city of Mari, (Mari=Mami) dating from 1850 B.C.E. reveal that
they developed an elaborate system of communication that stretched
from Egypt, to Syria, to south Babylonia, (Saggs 182).

One of the most significant, and successful translations, was

the now infamous £/ Amarna letter, found in 1887 in present day Egypt.
its successful translation reveals a correspondence between Amenofe III,
an Ewe king of Egypt, and his son Akenten (Greek: Amenophis), dating
around 1370-1349 B.C.E. (Darkwah 124 and Saggs, 182). Another letter
translated was from the king of Hatti, congratulating Akenten on
becoming the new king of Egypt.
There is still on-going work all across the world in an attempt to

translate the ancient cuneiform texts of Mesopotamia and the Hatti
(Hittite) Empires. Unfortunately, there is no evidence that African
scholars are apart of this important project. However, some of the
results of present scholars are worth sharing here, for it indicates an
intimate connection to its present inhabitants on the West African coast,
as well as in the Diaspora.
Below (next page), the name of a deity named Nanna is being

addressed. Nana, is an Ewe and Akan word meaning “mother, or
grandmother.” She is the ancient Mami deity known in the Akkadian
language as “In-nana.” Written as a verb, Nana means the same as its
prefix na whichis “to give life’. (Adzomada 203 and Akrofi et al 174).
Nana is also applied in the Akan language to denote a name of respect,
honor and reverence for both male and females, especially in its
priesthood. In Yoruba, Na-Na changed phonetically to Ya-ya also means
“grandfather’(Lucas, 1970). As an African survival in America, Nana is
also used as a term of endearment for “Mother” More significantly,
“Nana” is a prefix used before two of the most important gods in the
Ewe Vodoun pantheon: Nana Buruku/Bruku, and Nana Buluku/Buku. The
ancient Hatti, cuneiform translations below clearly are identifying the
enthronement of an initiated priestess to the deity “Nanna.” It serves
also as a living testament to the antiquity of the Ewe peoples, and to the
Vodoun gods that they served, who are today morphed and adapted
into new names and places.
The following excerpt is taken from one of those cuneiform

plates, which clearly indicates a daily dairy of temple activities.
Published with permission:

eo-Sumerian and Old Babylonian Date Formulae

ANCIENT EWE CUNEIFORM TRANSLATIONS
“Year after the year Ibbi-Sin the king of Ur made for Nanna
his divine throne.”
mu us2-sa {d}i-bi2-{djen.zu lugal

urZ2i{kij-ma-ke4 gu-za an.
{djnanna-ra mu-na-dim2
“Year in which Naram-Sin chose the en-priestess of Nanna

by means of the omens [Oracles?].”
(mu en-fdjnanna na-ra-am-{djen.zu masz-e ib2-dib-ba)
“Year in which En-nirsianna was installed as en-priestess of

Nanna.”
(mu en-nir-siz-an-na en-{djnanna ba-hun-ga2)
“Year after the year (Ibbi-Sin) chose by means of the omens the
en-priest of Inanna in Uruk.”
(mu us2-sa en-{djinanna unug{ki/-ga masz-e i3-pad3)
“A List of Words and English Translations”

Prepared by: Marcel Sigrist and Peter Damerow
Max Planck Society
http://www.mpg .de/english/contemporarylssues/news/index.html

The Ewe, Ga, and the Akan share a

very intimate ancestral, linguistic and cultural
history together, and both are major groups
in the Akan clans to whom Darkwah_ has
linguistically and culturally traced the ancient
Egyptians. Also, (though not shown in map
fig 5) situated further East, lies the kingdom of
Kish, ruled by the Ga peoples who now inhabit
Ghana. Akkad (which Akkadian is derived)
Fig. 8: Motif from
was actually a king of Kish and, of course, the
Adinkra funeral cloth.
“One hand should not word Akka means “serpent,” thus denoting a
bite the other.” Ancient divine kingship being traced back to the Great
Akan adinkra symbol, African Serpent Mother.
originally symbolizing the
triple-headed aspect of
the goddess Nyame. This “Akka” (Acco, Acca), was an ancient
sacred symbol was
Mami goddess, who was known as “Akka
discovered on many
vases among the ancient Larentia,” one who gives birth to the gods.
Elamites in Susa Her worship in Italy probably amongst the
(northwestern Meso-
ancient Afro-Umbrians, pre-dates Rome, and
potamia, now Iran). It is
probable that some of her following extended all the way to Northen
these Akan, Ewe, Ga Europe. In one account, she is credited with
groups were part of the
assisting Rhea in the birth of both Romulus
pre-historic Garamantes,
who migrated to both the and Remus, the alleged founders of Rome.
northern and Eastern She is also said to have given birth to
regions in waves.
(meaning initiated) “Sargon the Great”, alleged
Ethiopia is believed to be
the home of the Elamites, founder of the ancient Akkad dynasty.
who may have been part
of the ancient Arusiclans.
In one (dozen accounts) of the
There is certainly strong
indications that many Phrygian Hercules (born of a serpent mother),
Akan clans were the we are told that his bride (meaning his
original inhabitants of
ancient lonia/Minoa/
tutelary, Mami divinity) was named “Acca”
Mycenea through a sacred marriage (initiation).

Meyerowitz, tells us that the ancient Akan may have had their
origins in the divine kingships in “Jado” the ancient oasis of the
Garamante Kingdom of what is now central Sudan. “Tado” (Adja-Tado)
is the current name of a small village in southern Togo’s Atakpame
district, first home of the Ewe and Fon when they migrated from the
“East.”
Finally, Higgins tells us that the prefix “Cama,” meant “pearl.”

Pearls which signify wisdom, are sacred to the Mami Watas. He further
reveals that one of the epithets used for a fishing town in ancient, pre-
Aryan (Iranian) Ceylon, was Makara-Ketu, a reference to what the
ignorant Greeks naively called a “sea monster.” Of course, that “sea
monster” was the sacred whale or porpoise of the Mami Watas, another
name for Demeter. So sacred was the whale to Mami that Ewe
fishermen would go to great pains not to entangled them into their nets.
If one happen to become entangled and die, it would be accorded all the
sacred ceremonial rites of a divine queen or king.
Darkwah, p. 188-200, 123. (According to Darkwah, The “Afrim” region is what the multiethnic,
African tribes were originally known as in Ancient Egypt, before becoming the “ Jews” after their
migration into Europe)
Decalo, p. 4, 117.
Temple, p.222-223.
Lucas, p. 309.
Higgins, Vol I. p. 834; see al;so appendix.
Smith, p. 296.
Meyerowitz, p.17.
Saggs p. 10.
Enlcycopedia Brit. IV, Ready Reference and Index. Micropedia, 1976, p.948.
Walker, p. 15-16.;Graves, G.M. 189-190.

APPENDIX III
DIGRESSING ON THE BLACK COLOR OF ANCIENT GODS
GODFREY HIGGINS
Anacalypsis Vol. | 1833
NOTE: This essay is being published “as is” with errors and colloquial spelling as Godfrey Higgins
originally published it in 1833.
e will now attend with solemn consideration to these

WW erst offering such observations, as occur upon
each, as they come in order. But, gentle reader, if
you please, we will, as we go along with the Reverend Gentleman,
not forget what Lord Shaftesbury so shrewdly observed, that
solemnity is of the essence of imposture.
And first with respect to the name of Christna, [Krishna] (or

so it must be written to bear the asserted analogy to the name of
Christ), Mr. Volney, after two or three pages of unparalleled
impiety, in which he resolves the whole life, death, and
resurrection, of the Messiah, into an ingenious allegory, allusive to
the growth, decline, and renovation of the solar heat during its
annual revolution; and after asserting that, by the Virgin, his
mother, is meant the celestial sign Virgo, in the bosom of which, at
the summer solstice, the sun anciently appeared to the Persian
Magi to rise and was thus depicted in their astrological pictures, as
well as in the Mithraitic caverns, after thus impiously attempting to
693 GODFREY HIGGINS

mythologize away the grand fundamental doctrines of the Christian

code, our infidel author adds, that the sun was sometimes called
Chris, or Conservator, that is, the Savior; and hence, he observes,
the Hindoo [Hindu] god Chris-en or Christna [Khrisna], and the
Christian Christos, the son of Mary.
Now, whatever ingenuity there may be displayed in the

former part of this curious investigation, into which
| cannot now enter, | can confidently affirm, there is not a syllable
of truth in the orthographical derivation; for Christna [Khrisna], nor
Chris-en, nor Christna [Khrisna], (as to serve a worthless cause,
subversive of civil society, he artfully perverts the word,) has not
the least approach in signification to the Greek word Christo,
anointed, in allusion to the kingly office of the Hebrew Messiah;
since this appellative [Christna] simply — signifies, as we shall
presently demonstrate, black or dark blue, and was conferred on
the Indian God solely on account of his black complexion.
It was, therefore, no more connected with the name of our

blessed Savior, supposed by this writer to be derived from it, than
the humble Mary of Bethlehem has with the Isis of Egypt, the
original Virgo of the Zodiac : or Joseph, as there asserted, has with
the obsolete constellation of praecepe Jovis, or stable of Jove, as, in
his rage for derivation, he ridiculously asserts.”
Now, upon the observation of Mr. Maurice, relating to the

celestial Virgin, and the Virgin Mary, the reader is requested to
suspend his judgment till he comes to my chapter where she is
expressly treated of.
With respect to the remainder of his observation on the

color of the Christna [Khrisna] of India, it is replied, that of all the
circumstances connected with this subject, there is not one so
694 GODFREY HIGGINS

curious and striking as this; nor one so worthy of the attention of

the reader. And though, at first, he may think the Author, in what
he is going to say, respecting the black color, is deviating from the
subject, he will in the end find nothing but what is closely
connected with it, and necessary for its elucidation.
On the first view, it seems rather an extraordinary

circumstance that the statues of the Gods of the ancients should be
represented of a black color ; or that they should have been made
of a tone as nearly black as it could be obtained. Where the stone
could not be obtained quite black, a stone was often used similar
color blue slate, of a very dark blue color; the drapery of the statue
often being of a different, light-colored stone. It is evident that
the intention was to represent a black complexion; of this there can
be no doubt.
The marble statues of Roman Emperors are often found

with the fleshy part black, and the drapery of white or some other
color. Eusebius informs us, on the authority of Porphyry, “ that the
Egyptians acknowledged one intellectual Author or Creator of the
world, under the name of Cneph; and that they worshiped him in
a statue of human form and dark blue complexion.”
Plutarch informs us, “ That Cneph was worshiped by the

inhabitants of the Theobaid; who refused to contribute any part
towards the maintenance of the sacred animals, because they
acknowledged no mortal God, and adored no one but whom they
called Cneph, an uncreated and immortal being.” The temple of
Cneph, or Cnuphis, was in the island of Elephantine, on the confines
of Egypt and Ethiopia.'
695 GODFREY HIGGINS

In the Evangelical Preparation of Eusebius’ is a passage

which pretty well proves that the worship of Vishnu or Christna
[Khrisna] was held in Egypt, under the name of Kneph. The
Egyptians, itis said, represented the Demiurgos Kneph, as of a blue
color, bordering on black, with a girdle and scepter.
Mr. Maurice* has observed that the Cneph of Egypt, and

the statue of Narayen, in the great reservoir of Catmandu,
[Kathmandu] are both formed of black marble. Dr. Buchanan states
the statue of Juggernaut to be of wood, painted black, with red lips.
Mr. Maurice says, “ that Osiris, too, the black divinity of Egypt, and
Chreeshna [Khrisna], the sable shepherd-God of Mathura, have the
striking similitude of character, intimated by Mr. Wilford, cannot be
disputed, any more than that Chreeshna, [Khrisna], from his rites
continuing so universally to flourish over India, from such remote
periods down to the present day, was the prototype, and Osiris the
mythological copy.
Both are renowned legislators and conquerors, contending

equally with physical and spiritual foes: both are denominated by
the Sun; both descend to the hades and raised the dead.” Again
he says, “ now it is not a little remarkable that a dark blue tint,
approaching to black, as his name signifies, was the complexion of
Krishna, who is considered by the Hindus [Hindus] not so much an
avatar, as the person of the great Vishnu himself, in a human
form.” That is, he was incarnate, or in the flesh, as Jesus was said
to be. For reasons which the reader will soon see, | am inclined to
think that Osiris was not the copy of Christ, but of the earlier God,
Buddha.
' Pritchard's Anal. of Egypt, Mythol. p. 171. * Lib. iii. p. 116. * Class. Jours. No. XXIX. p. 122.
4 Ant. Ind. Vol. I. Sect. viii. ° Hist. Hind. Vol Il. p. 477.
696 GODFREY HIGGINS

That by Osiris was meant the Sun, it is now allowed by

every writer who has treated on the antiquities of Egypt, Mr.
Maurice, as the reader sees, states him to have been
black, and that the Mnevis, or sacred bull, of Heliopolis, the symbol
of Osiris, was also black. Osiris is allowed, also, to be the Shiva of
India,’ one of the three persons of the Indian God--Brahma, Vishnu
or Krishna, and Shiva, of whom the bull of the Zodiac was the
symbol
It is curious to observe the number of trifling circumstances
which constantly occur to prove the identity of the Hindus and
Egyptians, or rather the Ethiopians.
The word Nile, in the Indian language, means black.

Dupuis’ says, “ Nilo” in Indian signifies black, and it ought to
signify the same in Egyptian; since, whenever the Arabs, the
Hebrews, the Greeks, and the Latins, have wished to translate the
word Nil, they have always made use of a word which in their
language signifies black.
The Hebrews call it Sichor; the Ethiopians, Knuckle; the

ancient Latins, Melo; the Greeks, Melas--all names signifying black.
The word or name Nilos, then, in Egyptian, presents the same ides
as the word Nilo in Indian.” But the name of Nile was a modern
one, (comparatively speaking,) a translation of the ancient name of
this river, which was Siri. Speaking of the word Nile, Tzetzes says,
... Sit Osiris, sit Omphis, Nilus, Siris, sive quodcunque aliud ab
Hierophantis usurpatum nomen, ad unum tandem solem
antiquissimum gentium Numen redeunt omnia.” ... See also
Parkhurst ... pp. 725, 729.
697 GODFREY HIGGINS

The word Osiris may be a Greek word, composed by the

Greeks from their own emphatic article O, and the Hebrew word
written with their customary termination. The meaning of the
Hebrew word is black. And one meaning of the Greek is evidently
black, or the black God. This is confirmed by Plutarch, in his
treatise de Iside et Osiride.
The Nile was often called {Greek character] 1nNW iar, which
is the Hebrew word for river, and was probably the Egyptian one
also. It was simply the river ... It was never called Neilos [Nile] by
the Egyptians, but by the Greeks, and that only from the time of
Hesiod, in whose writings it first so called.
This pretty nearly proves it a translated name. If the author

be right in this conjecture, the reason is evident why this word sets
etymological inquiries at defiance. Sir W. Jones says, Nila means
blue ; but this blue is probably derived from the colour of the stone-
-a dark blue, meant originally to describe black. The Nile was
called [Greek character] AAgyptus, before the country had that
name. This last name also defies the etymologists. But it was
probably an Eastern word mangled by the Greek,, who mangled
every thing. It will be explained hereafter.
M. De Lambre tells us, from Censoriuus, that the Egyptians

called the year of 365 days by the word Neilos. And he observes
that, in the Greek notation, the letters of which this word is
composed denote 365. Sir W. Drummond calls this buffoonery,
and asks if M. De Lambre has forgot that the Egyptians did not
speak Greek. To which it may be answered, that the polite and
learned among them did speak Greek, after the time of Alexander.
698 GODFREY HIGGINS

It is overlooked by Sir William that this name (Greek

character] is modern. It is probable that the Greeks hand the ancient
Egyptian name to signify black, and the letters of it to denote or to
signify the year of 365 days. But as they could not in their
language give it a term which would signify both, and as they
understood why it was called 365 or the year, but did not
understand why it was called black, they adopted the former, and
called it Neilos.
The ancient name, as we have said was Sir, or Siri, the

same as O-sir, or Osiris, who was always black; after whom it was
called, and by whom was meant the sun. Thus it was called the
river of the sun, or the river sun, or the river of Osiris--as we say,
the river of the Amazons, or the river Amazon. And this river
flowed from the land of the sun and moon. It arose in the
mountains of the moon, and flowed through the land of Sir,
perhaps the land of Siriad, where Josephus was told that columns
had been placed which were built before the flood.
Manetho, 300 years before Josephus, says, these columns

stood and from then, Josephus took his history, which was
inscribed on them in the sacred language and in hieroglyphical
characters, a language and character evidently both unknown to
him. These columns were probably the Egyptian monuments--
Pyramids, or Obelisks, which had escaped the destruction of
Cambyses, perhaps because they were only historical and not
religious, or perhaps because they were linghams, to which the
Persians might not object—but the knowledge of whose characters
was at that time lost amidst the universal destruction of priests and
temples, and which has never been really known since, though the
new priests would not be willing to confess their ignorance. Query,
the holy land of Sur?
699 GODFREY HIGGINS

The river Nile in Sanscreet [Sanscrit] books is often called

Crichna.' Ww is the origin or root of Osiris, and means s lender,
regulator, ruler, or director. The ninth of the meanings given to it
by Parkhurst in the form 1)W sur, is that of Beeve.
The modern words Sir, Mon-sieur, Mon-seignor, are all

derived from the Hebrew word 1 Sr, or Lord, as we translate it,
which was an epithet of the sun in all the eastern countries. This
is the same as the Iswara of India, which means Lord.
The Bull of the Zodiac, or the sun, also had a name very similar to
this, whence probably it came to be applied to the animal; or at
least they had the same names. See Parkhurst in voce. .. sur.
Mr. Maurice says,’ . . . Surya is the name of the solar divinity of

India. It is also the name of Osiris. Mr. Bryant says, as the God of
the Egyptians went by several names, as Apis, Serapis, Gneph,
Osiris, &c., so did the God of the Hindoo [Hindu]s*. The word sable
or black was one of their epithets. Thus Christ is, in like manner, an
epithet of Jesus. He is called Jesus the Christ, the Anointed.
As the reader has seen above, and also in my [book] Celtic

Druids, I have derived Osiris from the word Sr, and the Greek
emphatic article O. This derivation is justified by Porphyry. But
Hellanicus informs us, that it was sometimes written YoipIc..
Now, as Isis was tne wife of Osiris, may it not have come from the
Hebrew word yyiso, to save. Osiris was the Sun, so was Surya jn
India and Persia: for, as we have seen, Persee Suré Deum vocant.
Syria was the land of the Sun. The Sun was called Lord and Savior;
so was Mithra. The Bull was the emblem of the Sun--of Mithra,
called Lord, and of the God in the land where Surya or the Sun,
with seven heads, was adored, and in Japan, where he breaks the
mundane egg with his horn.
' Maurice, Bram. Fraud Exposed, p. 80.

* See Pictet, p. 16.
Ant. Ind. Vol. Il. p. 203.

* Ibid. p. 221.
700 GODFREY HIGGINS

The Bull was the body into which Osiris transmigrated after
his death; and, lastly, the Hebrew name for bull is 7)W sur.
Orpheus has a hymn to the Lord Bull. Iswara of India or Osiris, is
the husband of Isi or of isis ; and Surya is Buddha. Can all these
coincidences be the effect of accident? “ Osiris, or lairs”, as
Sanchoniathon calls him, is also the same name with Mizraim,
when the servile letter M is left out”' The reason of the monogram
M being prefixed to this, and to many other words, will be shown
by and by.
I have some suspicion that O-siris is a Greek corruption;

that the name ought, as already mentioned, to be what it is called
by Hellanicus, Ysiris or Isiris, and that it is derived from, or rather
| should say is the same as, Iswara of India. Iswara and Isi are the
same as Osiris and Isis-the male and female procreative powers of
nature.
“Iswara, in Sanscrit, signifies Lord, and in that sense is

applied by the Bramans to each of their three principal deities, or
rather to each of the forms in which they teach the people to adore
Brahm, or the GREAT ONE .... Brahma, Vishnu, and Mahadeva,
say the Puranics, were brothers: and the Egyptian triad, or Osiris,
Horus, and Typhon, were brought forth by the same parent.” *
Syria was called Suria. Eusebius says the Egyptians called

Osiris, Surius, and that, in Persia, Suré was the old name of the
sun. In the sol-lunar legends of the Hiudoos, [Hindus] the Sun is,
as we have seen, sometimes male and sometimes female. The
Moon is also of both sexes, and is called Isa and Isi.4 Deus Lunes
was common to several nations of the ancient world.
The peculiar mode in which the Hindoos [Hindus] identify

their three great Gods with the solar orb, is a curious specimen of
the physical refinements of ancient mythology. At night and in the
West, the Sun is Vishnu: He is Brama in the East and in the
morning: and from noon to evening, he is Siva’
701 GODFREY HIGGINS

The adoration of a black stone is a very singular

superstition. Like many other superstitions this also came from
India. Buddha was adored as a square black stone ; so was
Mercury; so was the Roman Terminus. The famous Pessinuntian
stone, brought to Rome, was square and black. The sacred black
stone at Mecca many of my readers are acquainted with, and
George the Fourth did very wisely to be crowned on the square
stone, nearer black than any other colour, of Scotia and Ireland.
In Montfaucon, a black Isis and Orus are described in the

printing, but not in the plate. | suspect many of Montfaucon’s
figures ought to be black, which are not so described.’ Pausanias
states the Thespians to have had a temple and statue to Jupiter the
Savior, and a statue to Love, consisting only of a rude stone; anda
temple to Venus Melainis, or the black.®
Ammon was founded by Black doves. One of them flew

from Ammon to Dodona and founded it.2. At Corinth there was a
black Venus.'° In my search into the origin of ancient Druids, |
continually found, at last, that my labours terminated with
something black. Thus the oracles at Dodona, and of Apollo at
Delphi, were founded by BLACK doves [prophetess]. Doves are not
often, | believe never really, black.
‘Cumberland, Orig. Gen. p. 100.

2 Asiat. Res. Vol. Ill. p. 371; Moore’s Pantheon, p. 44.
* Maur. Ind. Ant. Vol. VI. p. 39.
4 Moore's, Pantheon, pp. 289, 290.
* Ibid. p. 291.
© Faber, Or. Idol B. iv. Ch. I.
’ Montf, Exp. Vol. Il. Plate XXXVII. Fig. 5.
® Pausanias, Lib.ix Cap. xxvi.xxvii.
° Nimrod, p.276.
'° Ibid. p.400.
702 GODFREY HIGGINS

Osiris and his Bull were black; all the Gods and Goddesses
of Greece were black: at least this was the case with Jupiter,
Beaches, Hercules, Apollo, Ammon. The Goddesses Venus, Isis,
Hecati, Diana, Juno, Metia, Ceres, Cybile, are black. The
Multimammia is black in the Campidoglio at Rome, and in
Montfaucon, Antiquity explained.
The Linghams in India, anointed with oil, are black: a black

stone was adored in numbers of places in India. It had already been
observed that, in the galleries, we constantly see busts and statues
of the Roman Emperors, made of two kinds of stone ; the human
part of the statue of black stone, the drapery white or coloured.
When they are thus described, | suppose they are meant to be
represented as priests of the sun ; this was probably confined to
the celebration of the Isiac or Egyptian
ceremonies.
On tho colour of the Gods of the ancients, and of the

identity of them all with the God Sol, and with the Gistna [Khrisna]
of India, nothing more need be said. The reader has already seen
the striking marks of similarity in the history of Cristna and the
stories related of Jesus in the Romish and heretical books.
He probably will not think that their effect is destroyed, as

Mr. Maurice flatters himself, by the word Cristna in the Indian
language signifying black, and the God being of that colour, when
he is informed, of what Mr. Maurice was probably ignorant, that in
all the Roman countries of Europe, in France, Italy, Germany, &c..,
the God Christ as well as his mother, are described in their old
pictures and statues to be black.
703 GODFREY HIGGINS

The infant God in the arms of his black mother, his eyes and
drapery white, is himself perfectly black. If the reader doubt my
word, he may go to the cathedral at Moulins—to the famous
chapel of the Virgin at Loretto—to the church of the
Annunciata—the church of St. Lazaro, or the church of St. Stephen
at Genoa—to St. Francisco at Pisa—to the church at Brixen, in the
Tyrol, and to that at Padua—to the church of St Theodore, at
Munich, in the two last of which the whiteness of the eyes and
teeth, and the studied redness of the lips, are very observable ;—to
a church and to the cathedral at Augsburg, where are a black virgin
and child as large as life:-—to Rome, to the Borghese chapel Maria
Maggiore—to the Pantheon—to a small chapel of St. Peter’s, on the
right-hand side on entering, near the door; and, in fact, to almost
innumerable other churches, in countries professing the Roman
religion.
There is scarcely an old church in Italy where some remains

of the worship of the BLACK CHILD and are not to be met with.
Very often the black figures have given way to white ones, and in
these cases the black ones, as being held sacred, were put into
retired places in the churches, but were not destroyed, but are yet
to be found there.
In many cases the images are painted all over and look like
bronze, often with coloured aprons or napkins round the loins or
other parts; but pictures in great numbers are to be seen, where the
white of the eyes and of the teeth, and the lips a little tinged with
red, like the black figures in the Museum of the India Company,
show that there is no imitation of bronze.
704 GODFREY HIGGINS

In many instances these images and pictures are shaded,

not all one colour, of very dark brown, so dark as to look like black.
They are generally esteemed by the rabble with the most profound
veneration. The toes are often white, the brown or black paint being
kissed away by the devotees, and the white wood left. No doubt
in many places, when the priests have newly-painted the images,
they have coloured the eyes, teeth, &c., in order that they might
not shock the feelings of devotees by a too sudden change from
black to white, and in order, at the same time, that they might
furnish a decent pretence for their blackness, viz. that they are an
imitation of bronze: but the number that are left with white teeth,
&c., let out the secret.
When the circumstance has been named to the Roman

priests, they have endeavoured to disguise the fact, by pretending
that the child had become black by the smoke of the candles; but
it was black where the smoke of a candle never came: and, besides,
how come the candles do not blacken the white of the eyes, the
teeth, and the shirt, and how can they redden the lips? The
mother is, the author believes, always black, when the child is. Their
real blackness is not to be questioned for a moment.
If the author had wished to invent a circumstance to

corroborate the assertion, that the Roman Christ of Europe is the
Cristna of India, how could he have desired any thing more striking
than the fact of the black Virgin and Child being so common in the
Roman countries of Europe ?
A black virgin and child among the white Germans, Swiss, French,
and Italians !!!_ The Roman Cristna is black in India, black in Europe,
and black he must remain—like the ancient Gods of Greece, as we
have just seen.
705 GODFREY HIGGINS

But, after all, what was he but the Jupiter, the second person of
their Trimurti or Trinity, the Logos of Parmenides and Plato, an
incarnation or emanation of the solar [Sun] power?
| must now request my reader to turn back to the first

chapter, and to reconsider what I have said respecting the two
Ethiopias and the existence of a black nation in a very remote
period. When he has done this, the circumstance of the black God
of India being called Cristna, and the God of Italy, Christ, being also
black, must appear worthy of deep consideration. Is it possible, that
this coincidence can have been the effect of accident?
In our endeavors to recover the lost science of former

ages, it is necessary that we should avail ourselves of rays of light
scattered in places the most remote, and that we should endeavor
to recollect them into focus, so that, by this means, we may
procure as strong alight as possible: collect as industriously as we
may, our light will not be too strong. | think | need say no more in
answer to Mr. Maurice’s shouts of triumph over those whom he
insultingly calls impious infidels respecting the name of Cristna
having the meaning of black.
706 GODFREY HIGGINS

APPENDIX IV
THE EUROPEANIZATION OF AFRICA’S GOD/DESSES

Reclamation and Restoration of A Divine Legacy
Fig.1: (top rig ht): "Hygieia," (meaning healer), a Romanized aspect of

the African "Python /oracular priestesses," of the "Black Di-ana’.
Above, she is portrayed with Aesculapius, python (ancestral
serpents). For centuries, she was originally worshiped at Mycenaean
(lonian) temples, tended by “Pythias,” her black Sybil, oracular
priestesses. (top rt.) Gorgon (Libyan) ceremonial ancestral mask,
from temple of black Athene, builtby the black Amazons of ancient
Lybia. The Greeks learned from the Amazons how to use images
of her face as an amulet to protect against illness and evil spirits.
(bottom left) Greek version of ‘Isis. " (bottom right). Greek
imitations of votive images of the African Isis and Osiris
represented in their primordial serpentine form of the sacred
“love” knot. Probably offered to the waters to bind two lovers.
707
ROME MAJOR CENTER OF AFRICAN

GOD/DESS WORSHIP
f one were to peruse some of the older guidebooks of

Rome that were published in the middle of the 4" century
it will have listed the following:
1. Four-hundred and twenty-four temples

2. Three-hundred and four shrines
3. Eighty statues of goddesses and gods made of precious metals
4. Sixty-four made of ivory
5. Three-thousand seven-hundred and eighty-five
miscellaneous bronze statues, and an untold number of marble statues.
(Lanciani, p. 51).
Further, it would have recorded that in the foundation

of the new Tiber river, above and below the bridge along the
line of the banks near the Vatican, were found more than one
million votive (little statuettes) offerings to the goddess(Isis)
accumulated between the years 292 B.C.E. to the fall of the
Roman Empire. (ibid. p. 62)
The guide book might also state that all of the above
existed when Rome was under heavy “pagan” influence.
However, what the old tour guide books will not mention is
that these so-called “pagan” influence were black and
African. Thatis to say, that the ancient gods of Rome, (who
borrowed many of them from the Greeks), were African
goddesses and gods, whose divinity and magnificence was
unequaled in the ancient world. Their influential priestesses
known as the Sibyls, along with the black Chaldean diviner
priests dominated the Roman augury, and were the major
clerics not only of Rome, but also in ancient Greece.
715 EUROPEANIZATION OF GOD/DESSES

VATICAN ORIGINALLY SEAT OF BLACK SIBYLS
The notion that Rome and Greece were lily “white”

civilizations may be the fodder of the myth makers in
Hollywood and carefully edited history books, but it does not
hold-up at all against the historical records, nor the
archeological, and linguistic evidence. The overwhelming
majority of the major statues of Roman goddesses and gods
were originally Afro-Roman and Afro-Grecian, and were
simply re-made over into Euro-Roman and Greco Early
Renaissance styles, which date no later than the fifth
century. Nearly all of the major Saints and Greek heros were
actually African.
In other words, historians and the Vatican who

usurped the power of these black clerics have known and
hidden for centuries the historical evidence of the true
origins of where they obtained their theological knowledge
and ecclesiastical persona. However, the worship of black
goddesses and gods was universal in ancient times, and not
limited to one single region. Its history does not even begin
with Rome. The worship of particularly the black goddess as
the Divine African Mother, began outside of Africa long
before Rome was ever conceived.
ANCIENT WORLD WORSHIPED AFRICAN GODDESSES

AND GODS IN THEIR ORIGINAL BLACK FORM
For thousands of years, before the arrival of the

Dorians (Greeks), and before what would be known as the
Roman Empire, the ancient world had worshiped and

“BLACKNESS” WAS CONSIDERED SACRED AND

MYSTICAL
revered African goddesses and gods in their original, black

African form. Since the dawn of civilization, long before the
arrival of Arab and European slavery and racism, “black” was
considered a sacred and mystical color; associated with
esoteric knowledge, high civilization, wisdom, wealth and
longevity.
In ancient Mesopotamia, the sacred name to define

the divine force exuded by the God/desses was known as
“Melam,” (Black, p. 130). rooted obviously in their “blackness.”
It was they, who where the direct inspiration for Africa's first
and oldest civilizations, whose early influence, had it not
existed, there would have been no Greece, Rome or America.
Equally, the refined empires of India and Asia would have
never risen to their great prominence but not for the black Di-
ana, black Buddhas, and other influential ancestral and divine
religious figures.
THOUSANDS FLOCKED TO AFRICA'S SHORES

SEEKING THE COUNSEL OF THEIR POWERFUL
DIVINERS, PRIESTESSES AND PRIESTS
During ancient times, thousands flocked to Africa's

shores and Mediterranean colonies, seeking the counsel and
assistance of their powerful diviners, priestesses and priests;
presided over by an equally impressive pantheon of
goddesses and gods. Many foreigners ambitiously and
competitively sought entrance into their famed schools of
philosophy, religion, medicine, science, music, literature and
law.
Te EUROPEANIZATION OF GOD/DESSES
Herodotus, Pliny, Diodorus, Plutarch, Strabo and

others wrote books recounting tales of wonder, curiosity,
awe and woe, as they intimate sometimes in painstaking
detail the unbelievable mythical relationships that Africans
claimed to have with their superhuman, totemic and celestial
deities. By the time the Greeks (6 B.C.E.), (and later the
Romans), finally arrived on the scene, Egypt was already
thousands of years old, and lonia and the black Afro-Elamite,
matriarchal empires of Asia Minor, Mycenae and Minoa was
more than two thousand years young. Many of their deities
and the many African clans who transported them, were well
established all throughout the ancient Mediterranean and
Eastern world. Thatis what the Greeks witnessed when they
and their marauding armies invaded their shores.
GREEKS AND ROMANS CIVILIZED BY AFRICAN

MATRIARCHS
Once settled, over the centuries, the Greeks (and

later the Romans) were civilized by these African matriarchs,
and later would borrow extensively from their pantheon of
goddess and gods, transforming them from black African,
into their own delible images. Because they understood little
of their mystical aspects, most of the Greek and Roman's
information in recounting and immortalizing their verison of
the heroic and tragic deeds of these African ancestors and
deities was taken from two books of poetic fantasy known as
Homer's “Odyssey” and “The Iliad”.

HOMER’S ILIAD PLAGIARIZED FROM SIBYL

PROPHECIES
The Iliad was not born from Homer's creative genius

as western, literary scholars would have the world believe, it
was nothing more than a plagiarized and corrupted verison
of the black matriarch’s religious and
mythical culture. A deed that the Sibyl]
Plato knew _ iliad prophetess predicted Homer would
was based on
do, and she admonished him for it
African culture
decades before he even put pen to
and tried to ban it
from new “white” Paps
Republic.
Homer, who was not around
during the time of the _ black
matriarchs, invented what remained
of their great culture from their traditional African songs,
and compiled it into embellished “Greek”stories.' However,
Plato knew they were stolen from the songs left by these
black matriarchs and tried to have them banished from his
“imaginary republic”.
Higgins informs us that:
‘[the] Porphyry says, we ought not to doubt that Homer has secretly
represented the images of the divine things under the concealment of fable
.. the very name Iliad, precludes all reasonable expectation of discovering
the meaning of the whole . . . for they were known originally to have been
loose detached songs.” Vol I. p. 363.

Though volumes have been written about the

greatness of Greek and Roman cultures, and the entire
foundation of Western civilization precariously rests on its
legitimacy, the majority of western scholars today, including
its citizens, either ignore or possess no earthly idea as to the
indigenous African origins of their most cherished
goddesses, nor the reasons why they actually existed.
DESTRUCTION OF AFRICAN MYSTERY SCHOOLS

AND CULTURE CREATED 500 YEAR DARK AGE IN
EUROPE
So intent was the Church papals in establishing their

global hegemony, and in rooting out the seed of black divine,
matriarchal predominance in what would later be known as
“Europe”, and in the ancient world, that it was left with no
choice but to destroy all of the libraries, and to obliterate their
divine images, and mysteries schools, and universities
throughout the entire ancient world.
VATICAN, LEVITE JEWS AND ARYANS DIVIDED SPOILS

OF AFRICAN MYSTICAL KNOWLEDGE AND
PROPHECIES
When they were done, with nothing to replace it,

Europe and the world quickly descended into an abominable,
and unnecessary 500 year “Dark Age.” When the world
finally recovered, the Roman papals had tendered a well
organized book of “divine plagiarism” they labeled the “Holy
Bible,”crediting themselves, and being forced to
acknowledge and divide the historical spoils with the Levitical
Jews and Aryans (Iranians) as the original progenitors of

Mamaissi Vivian Hunter-Hindrew Mami Wata: Africa’s Ancient God/dess Unveiled
what is actually Africa's ancient gifts of spiritual knowledge

and civilization to the world.
For centuries onwards, western scholars, well

enamored with the ancient Mediterranean’s rich past, and
realizing the high cultural stakes involved, have fought
bitterly to claim (and include themselves in) ancient
Mesopotamia, Egypt, Libya, pre-historic India and Nubia’'s
rich past-- having relegated Africans to little more than minor
players or docile, ignorant and superstitious slaves.
Moreover, In collusion with the Roman Catholic

Church, western historians who maintained for centuries a
hegemonic edge in shaping the minds and souls of the world
through their version of history, continued to perpetuate the
lies began by the church, further sealing Africa’s fate, by
suppressing, altering and claiming her glorious past as their
own. Or worst, attributing it to some obscure bogus source;
usually to the mysterious “extinct Asiatics, Semitic races” and
sometimes even to aliens.
Meanwhile, the Roman church destroyed the

credibility of the black goddesses, while at the same time
building their churches atop her holy temples and assuming
her grandness and sacerdotal power for themselves.
AFRICANS AND OTHERS BORN WITH MYSTICAL

GIFTS OF SPIRIT CONDEMNED AS WITCHES
Since the church papals could never possess the

mystical knowledge and esoteric powers as tangible proof of
their legitimate reign, they simply outlawed and condemned

anyone (meaning these black priestesses) vested with divine

powers as “witches” and agents of their invented “devil.”
The papal authorities stole all the sacred honor and

solemn rites due the black goddesses including her holy
Eucharistic rites, sacred feast days, and ecclesiastical
vestments; while waging a vicious,
immoral, and_ psychologically
brutal, propaganda campaign,
condemning her priest/priestesses,
diviners, philosophers and elders,
as frauds, and their sacred gods
and deific ancestors, as “pagan,
demonic idols.”
An unceasing battle that

continues up until today, where
African and Diaspora based
religions suffer from on-going
ridicule and cultural condemnation
and ostracism; the West amazingly
having forgotten the African
origins of their own most cherished
Fig 2: Rare “artist rendering” of Black
Athena, founder of Athens, and goddesses and gods whom they
mother of the black Amazons. The
majority of the artists “renderings”
and the world now bow to today in
have often been used as substitutes white face.
for history. ©Anthony Van Dyck,
1990. Higgins and Massey
informs us that those same African
“idols” and “demons” so reviled by
Western theologians, Roman papals, and scholars, are the
same deities appropriated, Aryan-nized, and worshiped by
the Greeks, Romans, and the entire ancient world.

More astounding, they are the very same sacerdotal images

worshiped in modern day Western Christianity, Buddhism,
and adopted by Hinduism remade into their own ethnic and
cultural images. !
This earth-shattering conclusion, supported by

archeology, carbon dating, linguistics, DNA, deductive
reasoning and common sense, has rendered it a pathological
absurdity for anyone today to continue the charade of
languishing in dismissive ignorance and insufferable denial
the tremendous importance of Africa and the African’s role
in world civilization. More significantly, not enough
attention has been focused on unearthing the phenomenal
and undeniable role that black women have played in the
development of the world’s first social, spiritual military,
educational and artistic institutions before the advent of
patriarchy.
THE FIRST HUMAN WORSHIPED AS AN

ANCESTRESS AND “GOD” WAS BLACK AND
FEMALE
There is withouta doubt, a mounting body of genetic,

archeological, spiritual and cultural evidence, clearly
indicating that the world’s first biologically proven Mother,
the woman who gave birth and suckled the first human
being, who uttered the first words “Ma” (meaning “truth”),
and who invented the first tools of agriculture; constructed
the first mode of shelter; painted the first scenes of pre-
historic and religious life; performed the first ceremonial

burial to the dead, built the first alter to the gods, and who
was instructed in the art of herbalism, medicine, and divine
magic, by the earth’s first Guardian Ancestress, was none
other than a jet, black woman. The first human Ancestress
worshiped as a “god” was “black and female”, before the
introduction of any male deity.”
Predictably, this revelation has been met with staunch

resistance from all sides, and the archeological and historical
data has trickled-down slowly into academia, feminist and
religious circles, and to the general public.
A quick preview of any of the well-established

feminist journals, anthropological, religious and mythological
texts today, offer little more than a passing hint or footnote,
vaguely entertaining the notion that those goddesses so
cherished and proudly hailed as the primordial symbol of
white, matriarchal, divine, generative and preservative
authority, are none other than African and black. ?
Unlike, revisionist writers, which strives to prove a

mythical white, matriarchal, divine, predominance in the
ancient world, frequently legitimizing “artist renderings,”
based on pure conjecture and fantasy, as their sole
“ historical proof,” African matriarchal history needs no
such ag grandizing.
The archeological, genetic, spiritual, cultural and

linguistic evidence stands on its own merit. The secrets of
history reveal that the majority, if not all, of the major gods

and goddesses of the ancient world were indeed black, and

were in most cases, the only divine source of worship for
thousands of years.
Higgins et.al., again, boldly informs us that all of the

major Greek and Roman deities including Aphrodite, Hathor
((Athyr) , Minerva, Proserpine, Ceres, Rhea, Hecate, Cybele,
Bacchus, Artemis, Astarte, Athene, Brigit, Demeter, Diana,
Nimrod, Proteus, Nereus, Poseidon, Neptune, Jupiter,
Herakles, and a host of others were black and borrowed from
their original Egyptian, Ethiopian, Phoenician, Libyan,
Babylonian, Indian and Nubian neighbors”
Modern day African religious practitioners, just as

past scholars, can clearly ascertain that all of the female
deities mentioned above were simply major aspects of the
first Queen of the World- Myrionymus, or the Goddess of
10,000 names. In Ancient Babylon, she was known as
“Mami’, in ancient Mesopotamia, she was known as
“Tammuz,” and in ancient Egypt, she was known as “Isis,”
and in the Mami Wata Vodoun, she is known as Minona
(Nana Bu’luku). Paired with their masculine, solar consorts,
all birthed from the sacred womb, symbolized by the great
mountain which rose beneath the dark, celestial waters which
would soon represent Earth.”
Although not the only historical figure, it is

documented that the first legislature and second ruler (7 15-
673) of Rome, an African Sabine, named King Numa (Menu,
Ammon),actually introduced the Egyptian and
Mediterranean pantheon of gods, religion and ritual worship,
(including confession) into Rome.
w25 EUROPEANIZATION OF GOD/DESSES

Numa, a priest of the water deity Egeria, also claimed

to have drawn down thunder and was said to have
introduced the sacred fire rites as well. These sacerdotal
celebrations would soon be incorporated into the fire rites of
Moses, Mithra and the mythical “St. Bridget’.©
However, over the centuries, as the popularity and

worship of these African deities spread throughout the
ancient world and transformed or morphed into local gods,
many have forgotten or failed to document their original,
African genesis. The Greeks and Romans were no less
generous in crediting their cultural sources even when they
were somewhat aware of their origins.
Higgins states unequivocally that:
"...as soon as the Greeks became civilized, that their learned men traveled
to the East for knowledge.”
During this phase of their cultural imitating, the Greeks

copied Egyptian artistic statuary styles, until they eventually
learned to create their own. Further, they also borrowed
extensively from the exoteric and folk traditions of their
Egyptians, and lonian neighbors. However, unlike them,
who became masters diviners, magicians and priests, most
Greeks and Romans, were not educated, and none
possessed the ancestral, or divine connection, to the gods, or
the necessary discipline necessary to understand their true
celestial, and divine nature. It simply was not possible for
them to effectively manifest and honor them, as they were
so loved and honored in Africa, and in Asia Minor.

Hig gins further observes that:
. . . The meaning of the names of the old hero Gods of Greece, was
unknown to the Greeks and cannot be ascertained from their language, in
it, they have no meaning; but many of them are to be in, and explained by
the oriental language, in which they have
significant meaning.” (Vol L., p. 351).
"Oriental languages” was a

general term applied to the so-
called “Hamitic,” languages of
India, North and East Africa.
The Greeks and Romans, (just

as the Christians would later do)
Fig.3: confused the astronomical,
astrological and exoteric with the
Fig. 3: Ancient wall mural
entitled ‘Scene from a literal, creating whatis known to us
Comedy,” depicting an today as a fantastical, mythical
African (probably a Samnite)
buffooned with exaggerated hodgepodge of overembellished,
lips. Created (IV B.C.) during distorted and corrupted versions of
the Roman_ seize and
colonization of Pompeii.
the African originals. The most
They forced converted its noted and widespread example of
inhabitants to Christianity,
this, are the “celebrations' of Isis
and violently suppressed and
destroyed many of the and Bacchus (Osiris/Zeus),in their
images of “Black Aphrodite”,
multitudinous aspects.
Bacchus, Mercury etc. Their
racism may have been more
heighten during this time, GREEKS CORRUPTED WORSHIP
for they were locked into the
vicious Punic Wars against OF ISIS
the black Carthaginian In recounting how the Greeks
General Hannibal. '°
Herculaneum. Naples and Romans, completely corrupted
and distorted the worship of Isis,
and other African deities, to such
an appalling extent, Sir Edward
Bulwer-Lytton, Bart, tell us in "The Last Days of Pompeii’:
TQ. EUROPEANIZATION OF GOD/DESSES

“sylla [Lucius ,Cornelius--Roman military tactician and politician]

is said to have transported to Italy [Rome] the worship of the Egyptian Isis.
Itsoon became the rage and was peculiarly in vogue with the Roman ladies.
.. And the wealthy devotees sent even to the Nile that they might sprinkle
its mysterious waters over the altars of the goddess. But, we must not
suppose that among the cities of Magna Graecia, isis was worshiped with
those forms and ceremonies which were rightly her own. The mongrel and
modern nations of the South, with arrogance and ignorance, confounded
the worship of all climes and ages. Therefore, the profound mysteries of the
Nile were degraded by a hundred meretricious and frivolous admixture
from the creeds of Cephisus and of Tibur.”
Bulwer-Lytton, further observes that:
“The temple of Isis in Pompeii was served by Roman and Greek

priests, ignorant alike of the language and the customs of her ancient
[African] votaries; and the [African] descendants of the dread Egyptian
kings, beneath the appearance of reverential
awe, secretly laughed to scorn
the puny mummeries which imitated the solemn and typical worship of his
burning clime.”*
It was actually Europe's fascination with the African

Isis and her priestesses that may have led to many imitating
them by painting their faces black, similar to present day
minstrel shows and black-faced buffoonery seen in some
European countries even up until the present.
Edward Scobie, in quoting Paul Mettl, keenly noted :
".. the limportant] significance of the black race for the aesthetic life of the
whites, ... to the ancient habit of all Europeans paint[ing] [their] face[s] black on certain
; ; , m0
occasions of cult ritualism.
Many scholars, contend that it was Greek and Roman

ignorance and arrogance, further tainted by their

rationalistic, Platonic view of the world, which led them to

conclude that the Egyptian deities were nothing more than
the mere products of naive superstitions, and fanciful
imaginings. However, this assessment neither diminished nor
curtailed their wide-spread veneration and popularity
throughout the ancient world.
It was not until the invasion by Alexander the Great,

in 3 C.E., when the Greeks raided her libraries, and
discovered the enormous volumes of papyri and books on
astronomy, mathematics, history, philosophy, poetry, and the
magical and mystical arts, that they began to view a world
unbeknownst to the majority of them before. Yet, even this
exposure did nothing to bring them any closer to a grosser
understanding of the more arcane mysteries embedded in
Egyptian cosmogony, culture and sacred symbolism.
The Greeks, who could neither read hieroglyphics,

nor speak the indigenous Demotic languages, in their
ignorance, interpreted what was meant as_ abstract
representations of celestial and divine, experiential
phenomena, as /iteral, rational explanations.”
It was from this fundamental miscalculation, that they

deemed the Egyptians “ignorant and superstitious,” and
prized themselves as far superior in intellect, rationality and
culture. A fatal miscalculation that would be repeated by
Roman “classical scholars”, reeking devastating
consequences throughout the ancient world, even up until
the present.”

In more recent times, reflecting on the Greek’s

condescending attitude towards the ancient Egyptians, E.A.
Wallis Budge, hailed by the West as the "Father of Egyptian
History" and one-time Assistant Curator of the British
Museum, concluded from years of study that:
‘The only beliefs of the Egyptian religion which the educated

Greek and Roman truly understood were those which characterized the
various forms of Aryan [Iranian] religion, namely the polytheistic and the
solar, for the forms of the cults of the dead, and for all the religious
ceremonies and observances which presupposeda belief in the resurrection
of the dead and in everlasting life, and which has been in existence among
the indigenous inhabitants of northeast Africa from pre-dynastic times, he
had no regard whatsoever .. ."
With obvious resignation, Budge concludes by saying:
"The evidence on the subject . . . indicates that they [the Greeks]

were racially incapable [emphasis Budge's] of appreciating the importance
of such beliefs to those who held them, and that although as in the case of
the Ptolemies, he was ready to tolerate and even, for state purposes, adopt
them, [but] it was impossible for him to absorb them into his life."
In Budge’s own words, in characterizing the Greek and

Roman religions as an “Aryan religion, namely the
polytheistic and the solar,” he is undoubtably making
reference to those same pantheons of gods, that existed
prior to the Greek’s invasion of Mycenae (lonia), of which
they eventually adopted, and of the Romans having acquired
theirs through King Numa, and via the Greeks. These ancient
deities, as has already been established, were black, and
African.

It was a natural resistance of the Greeks and Romans

to reject the “cults of the dead,” for they could not
understand, nor culturally digest, the Ancestral, or
cosmogenetic link that the Africans have with their deific
ancestors and gods. In Budge stating the Greeks and
Romans “racially incapable” of understanding, he clearly was
making reference not only to their foreignness, but also to
the abstract, ideographic forms, complex, ceremonial ritual,
mores, folklore, and arcane symbolism, devised by the gods,
and executed by the Africans as a tangible expression of
their divine alliance with them.
For the African, it is this sublime link that is responsible

for the establishment of the sacred queen and king ships, and
is at the core of the so-called “totemic” clanship, and worship
that has existed in all of Africa since the beginning of time.
Without this basic understanding, and “racial” connection,
by the Greeks and Romans, the deities they appropriated,
and their accompanying lore, and rituals, became little more
than fantastical, and, profane amusements, void of divine,
and moral integrity, and ancestral significance. This
cosmogenetic deficient is the predominate manner in which
these tales have survived, and were handed down, to the
world by them, as simply “mythology”.
To explore all the African deities incorporated by the

Greeks and Romans, is beyond the breath and scope of this
work. However, those that the author deems significant to
demonstrate a consistent and persistent historical pattern in
their genesis, and early migration out of Africa, and the

enormous impact, they had in shaping the cultural, religious

and philosophical lives of their progeny, as well as those
who, now Strive to embraced them and jealously claim them
as their own.
Additionally, the information is important to in order

to remove the shackles of confusing ethnic and linguistic
traps, invented to prevent African people from recognizing
themselves in world and religious history, as well as to
demonstrate the historic, and cultural parallelism of these
great divinities with the African deities, that have survived
slavery with their progeny into the New World today.

NOTES
1. (Aphrodite, Venus, Phoenician deity), 52-59 (Cushites Egyptian/Ethiopians black),

112,113, 137,(black doves),; (Osiris, black Krishna, Bduddah), Ibid.; 236, 270,310, 311,312-
313, 330, 349,361,368, 502,630, 761,754,749, 133-138, 145,156, 161,224, 253, 266,423.
(Multimam mia), Higgins,70,173, 286, 310, 319,830,;Redd, Danita. Black Madonna of
Europe: Diffusion of the African Isis, p. 112. ; Aphrodite, Athene, Artemis, Astarte,
Demeter, Di-ana, are directly traced to and are all merely borrowed aspects of these
two primordial, African Mother Earth Goddesses. Proteus, Poseidon/Neptune, were
masculine gods copied from the divine, “Seven Glorious Ones”, and the myths of
Apap, Nereus, was a copied mythical story of “Adam”, taken from the story of the
Egyptian “Atum,” and the Afro-Dravidian “Adim,” and Herakles was one of the eight
great black heros of Egypt, who lived more than 20,000 years ago.; Frazer, 383.;
Massey, Gearld. A Book of the Beginnings. New York: A & B Publishers, 1994, Vol2, p.
728-729,;Fergusson, James, Esq., F.R.S., M.R.AS., "Tree and Serpent Worship:
Illustrations of myth and art in India in the first and fourth centuries after Christ’
(London: India Museum of London, 1868)p, 57.also,Winters,
ClydeA .The Proto-Culture
of the Tamil (pro-Elamites),Manding and Sumerians, Tamil Civilization 3, no 1: (1985a),;
Temple, p. 282-285.
2. Ibid.;Massey. Book of the Beginnings, p. 145.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. lbid.; During ancient times, “Brigit,”"the Mediaeval, Irish “Goddess of Poetry”, (not
same as Swedish, St. Brigit) recognized by some in Haitian Vodou, is described as
being “swarthy-face.” (Graves, 394-395), “Swarthy” being derived from the German
word “Schwarz,” meaning “black.” She is an imported, mythical copy of the actual
Black, Mami-Isis Goddess know as “Miriam,” (Virgin Mary), or as the black Venus in her
mermaid, or “hunter of lovers,” aspect. See also Higgins Vol |., p. 70, 173, 242, 286,
351. and Thorsten, Geraldine. "God Herself: The feminine roots of astrology," New
York, Avon, Books, 1981, P. 273.8. :Higgins,55,701, (Saba/Sabine/Sabini/Sabeans were
the same as the Chaldeans, black), 376,47,329,350,523,623, (called
Menu/A mun),;Frazer,4, 147, 149, 151, 158,164,,;Macropedia,(London: Encyclopedia
Britannica, Inc., 1978), Vol. VII, p. 439.
138) EUROPEANIZATION OF GOD/DESSES

King Numa was known as “Ammon” or initiated into the mysteries of Ammon by the
Egyptians. It was he who built the earliest religious institu tions in Rome, including the
worshiped of “Jupiter” and “Mars,” the Vestal Virgins, and the actual office of the pope
(Pontifex maximus). More profound is Numa’s power as a priest of the Thunder God,
Jupiter. Arnobius, an alleged “distinguished” rhetorician at Sicca in Rome, and
“convert” from “African paganism”, denounces the power of Numa, during a time
when Rome was becoming more racialist in their desire to rid “Aryan Rome” from the
“Taurian” (black) element. In book V of his diatribe against the Taurian “pagans,” he
states in part:
‘The famous king Numa, not knowing how to avert evil portended by thunder, and being eager to
learn, by advice of Egeria concealed beside a fountain twelve chaste youths provided with chains;
so that when Faunus and Martius Picus came to this place to drink,--for hither they were wont to
come to draw water,--they might rush on them, seize and bind them. But, that this might be done
more speedily, the king filled many cups with wine and with mead, and placed them about the
approaches to the fountain, where they would be seen—. . . lying soaked with wine; and they, when
roused, immediately taught the king by what methods and sacrifices Jupiter could be called down
to earth. With this knowledge the king performed the sacred ceremony on the Aventine, drew down
Jupiter to the earth, and asked from him the due Form of expiation.” The Seven Books of Arnobius
Against the Heathen (Adversus Gentes) , chp. V.
7. Higgins,Vol. I, 361, 755,.; Voll, 226. ; ;Graves states that the Greeks actually arrived
as theancient “Dorians,”... killing, sacking, and burning,” p. 64.; Temple, p. 282-285.
8. Bulwer-Lytton. Sir Eward, Bart. "The Last Days of Pompeii (London: A.L. Burt
Company, Publishers, 1850), p. 34-36.
9. Pompeii and its Museums,’ Newsweek, 1979, p. 159.
10. Pompeii and its Museums,’ Newsweek, 1979, p. 159.
11. Scobie, Edward., The Moors and Portugal's Global Expansion. Rashidi, Runoko. (ed.)
"African Presence in Early Asia." Co-Edited by Ivan Van Sertima. (New Brunswick:
Transaction Publishers, 2002), p. 342.
12. Ibid.; Higgins, Godfrey. Anacalypsis. Voll., Montana: Kessinger Publishing Co., p.
528,; Budge, W. E.A. The Gods of The Egyptians. New York: Dover, 1969, p. viii-
ix.;Massey, vol 1, p. 4.
Massey in speaking of the knowledge of the Greeks agrees with Budge, when hestates:
“An ignorant explanation of the Egyptian Sign-Language [hieroglyphics]was begun by the Greeks,
who could not read the hieroglyphics. It was repeated by the Romans, and has been perpetuated
by ‘Classical Scholars’ ever since. Vol. 1., p. 4.
13. Ibid.; Higgins, Godfrey. Anacalypsis. Voll., Montana: Kessinger Publishing Co., p.
528,; Budge, W. E.A. The Gods of The Egyptians. New York: Dover, 1969, p. viii-
ix.,.Massey, vol 1, p. 4.

EUROPEANIZATION OF THE DIVINE AFRICAN MOTHER
ISIDIS ;
Magne Deorum Matis
APYVLEIAN ASA DESCRIP TIO.
nnn
Bagh cavumses | pie
Fen wadiyhe wei belurum Vfder.
by biale |orga emenee enenne
zi diamandi,
Dewees ie
European woman posing as “the golden Isis” in book from 17 century

“occult revival.” (Anthanasius Kircher, Oedipus Aegyptiacus, 1652) Apparently
the figure is in imitating the description provided by Apuleius, in his The
Golden Ass. The cornucopia of items on her head, is supposed to represent
all of Isis’ divine manifestations, and the many names for which she is known:
i.e., Venus, Juno, Proserpina, Diana, Rhea, Tellus, Hectare, etc.,. African,
matriarchal spiritual predominance throughout Europe and the world, has
been a well suppressed and a closely guarded secret among religious
historians and New Agers. Because her mysteries even until today, have
never been revealed to none other than her own, it created many fringe cults
attempting to imitate them. Westerners, notorious for not crediting their
cultural knowledge to its indigenous sources, created fantasy distortionssuch
as the above misrepresenting the African Divine Mother.
735
According to Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton, these Greek and Roman cults

were so bizarre that:
“Sylla' is said to have transported to Italy [Rome] the worship of the Egyptian Isis. It
soon became the rage and was peculiarly in vogue with the Roman ladies. . And the wealthy
devotees sent even to the Nile that they might sprinkle its mysterious waters over the altars of
the goddess. But, we must not suppose that among the cities of Magna Graecia, Isis was
worshiped with those forms and ceremonies which were rightly her own. The mongrel and
modern nations of the South, with arrogance and ignorance, confounded the worship of all
climes and ages. Therefore, the profound mysteries of the Nile were degraded by a hundred
meretricious and frivolous admixture from the creeds of Cephisus and of Tibur.”'The Last Days of
Pompeii. *
Bulwer-Lytton, further observes that:

The tempk of Isis in Pompeii was served by Roman and Greek priests, ignorant alike
of the language and the customs of her ancient votaries; and the descendants of the
dread Egyptian kings, beneath the appearance of reverential awe, secretly laughed to
scorn the puny mummeries which imitated the solemn and typical worship of his
burning clime. *
736
It was perhaps for this reason that in 200 B.C. Isis, response to the, Roman citizen,
Apuleius’, an African poet, philosopher, rhetorician and author of the famous epic
“The Golden Ass”, makes it clear who are the true owners of her sacred mysteries:
Behold Lucius | am come, thy weeping and

prayers has moved me to succor thee.
1 am she that is the natural mother of all things,
mistress and governess Of all the elements, the
initial progeny of worlds, chief of Powers
divine, Queen of heaven, the principal of the
Gods celestial, the light of the goddesses: at
my will the planets of the air, the wholesome
winds of the Seas, and the silences of hell be
disposed; my name, my divinity is adored
throughout all the world in divers manners, in
variable customs and in many names, for the
Phrygians call me Pessinuntica, the mother of
the Gods: the Athenians call me Cecropian
Artemis: the Cyprians, Paphian Aphrodite: the
Candians, Dictyanna: the Sicilians , Stygian
Proserpine:and the Eleusians call me Mother of
the Corn. Some call me Juno, others Bellona of
the Battles, and still others Hecate. Principally
the Ethiopians which dwell in the Orient, and
the Egyptians which are excellent in all kind of
ancient doctrine, and by their proper
ceremonies accustomed to worship me, do call
me Queen Isis.
All of the above locations in which Isis addresses, her shrines were
established by her African votaries. Her message to Apuleius, an African himself,
(who often referred to himself as "half a Numidian and half Getulian” [ancient
Libyan]) was that “Africa was home,” no matter where he or any African may be in
the world.
737
NOTES
1. Scylla: [Lucius ,Cornelius--Roman military tactician and politician].
2. Bulwer-Lytton. Sir Eward, Bart. "The Last Days of Pompeii" (London: A.L. Burt Company,
Publishers, 1850), p. 34-36.
3. Ibid.
4. Micropedia,(London: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 1978), Vol. |. p. 461.
738
APPENDIX V
THE SACREDNESS OF ANIMAL OFFERINGS IN

THE MAMI WATA VODOUN RELIGION
nimals are sacred in African Religions, and are used

(as in ancient Biblical, Hindu and Holy Koranic
texts) as offerings to the deities, and to the
ancestors. They are also
required in healing, initiation,
and atonement ceremonies.
Additionally, contrary
to the Hollywood hype,
animals, though important, are
not the central focus of most
Mami Wata Vodoun
ceremonies. They are merely
consecrated offerings, made
sacred for communal meals by
the initiate, to share with their
deities and ancestors. The
rituals’ surrounding — this
routine event are no more
spectacular than the
preparation of foods and farm
animals for a family meal, or
the Jewish ritual of kashruth
(Kosher slaughtering) in
Petatrotro Cerernony. Augusta, GA. QMama
Zogbé (Mamaissii Vivian Hunter-Hindrew)
making an animal sacred for
offerings, and consuming.
For more than two thousand years following the topple of

Rome and the advent of western, Christianity, the West has
continued to degrade and mock African Religions as “primitive”
738 SACREDNESS OF ANIMALS

and its consecrated clergy as “frauds,” and “charlatans.”

In the United States, African traditional practitioners have been
persecuted, including having their children taken by social service
agencies under the guise of questionable “cult practices.” The
unspoken “crime” which many allege, remains the most “troubling”
distinguishing factor against African Religions is the use of animals
in ritual ceremony. However, what has never been discussed is
the historical and present day reality that animal sacrificial offerings
are a sacred, humane and essential religious rite, that has been in
practice in many cultures all over the world for thousands of years,
even up until the present.
Because African clergy will continue to exercise their

religious freedoms in spite of racist persecution, the following is a
brief list of some on-line resources and books that will aid the
student in learning more about this important topic. After careful
investigation, one will discover what African traditional dergy
have been knowing for centuries, namely that animal offerings in
African traditional religion are no different than how they are
performed in all mainstream religions. The only difference being
that its clergy and adherents are black.
Hk) SACREDNESS OF ANIMALS

HISTORICAL RESOURCES REGARDING ANIMAL SACRIFICES

IN WORLD RELIGIONS
THE GREEKS & ROMANS
GREEK DATA BASE OF ANIMAL SACRIFICE

<http://www.emma.troy.ny.us/animal>.
HISTORY OF SACRIFICE BY GREEKS AND ROMANS

<http://www.princeton.edu/~rhwebb/sacrifice.htm|>.
ISLAM
SACRIFICE IN MUSLIM LIFE

<http://home.global.co.za/~elofred/sacrifice.html>.
THE VIRTUES OF QURBAANI (SACRFICIES TO ALLAH)

<http://www.islaam.org/Qurbaani/qurbaani- l4.htm>.
JUDAISM/CHRISTIANITY
RITUAL CHICKEN SLAUGHTER AND THE 30TH ANNIVERSARY

OF THE YOM KIPPUR WAR
<http://www.jews.html>.
TEN COMMANDMENTS AND ANIMAL SACRIFICES

<http://www.bible.ca/7-10quotedinNT.htm>.
ANIMAL TITHING BY MAASER BEHEIMAH

<http://www.aishdas
org /webshas/zevach/maaser htm>.
SURF A LITTLE TORAH

<http://www.torah.org/linkedlists/torah-forum/vol3/0587.htmI>.
740 SACREDNESS OF ANIMALS

ANIMAL SACRIFICES AND THE TORAH

<http://www.torah.org/linkedlists/torah-forum/vol3/0450.htmI>.
LEVITICUS: THE ANIMAL OFFERINGS

<http://home.sprynet.com/~pmcovert/msg
Offer. htm>.
QORBANOT: SACRIFICES AND OFFERINGS

<http://www.jewfaq.org>.
INDEX TO THE TALMUD: TEMPLE OFFERINGS: THE ANIMAL TITHE

<http://www.aishdas.org>.
MORMONISM
LATTER DAY SAINTS AND ANIMAL SACRIFICE

<http://www.strangite.org/Offering
htm>.
THE PRACTICE OF SACRIFICE INMORMONISM

<http://www.mrm.org/articles/law-of-sacrifice.html>.
INDIA/ASIA
ANIMAL SACRIFICE IN NEPAL

<http://www.zolatimes.com/V3.36/animal_sacrifice.html>.
PANCHA-TANTRA" ON ANIMAL-SACRIFICE
<http://www.dd-b.net/~raphael/jain-list/msg0
1187.html>.
SHRI LANKA
<http://www.desart.com/ewphoto/Asia/Sacrifice/cey sac.htm>.
SACRIFICE BY:VAYIKRA
<http://www.bethelsudbury.org/parashah/vayikrcj.htm>.
741
NATIVE AMERICAN
THE SYMBOLIC ROLE OF ANIMALS IN THE PLAINS INDIAN SUN DANCE

<http://www .psyeta.org/sa/sal.1/lawrence.htmI>.
ANIMALS IN CULTURE
<http://www .webcom .com/outbooks/animals.html>.
NATIVE AMERICAN SACRED ECOLOGY AND ANIMAL KINSHIP

<http://www.spiritualnetwork.net/totems>.
AFRICA/VODOUN
ANIMAL SACRIFICE IN VODOUN (AFRICA/AFRICAN-AMERICA)

<http://pub47.bravenet.com/faq/show.php?usernum=395 1612 168&cpv=I>.
ANIMALS IN WORLD RELIGIOUS MYTHOLOGY
ANIMALS IN RELIGION AND MAGIC

<http://www.si.umich.edu/CHICO/Animals/relmag.htm!>.
LORE OF THE GODS: SIMPLE TALES OF THE ANCESTORS IN

<http://www.mamiwata.com/lore.html>.
MISC.
FILLIPINO AND SACRIFICE

<http://w
ww .pinoystuff.com/folklore/superstitions/killchav.htm >
ARTICLE: PRIESTESS MOTHER WINS SON BACK

<http://www.vix.com/pub/men/custody-divorce/cases/santa-ria.html>.
ARTICLE: SUPREME COURT OVERTURNS BAN ON RITUAL ANIMAL

SACRIFICE IN SANTERIA
742
<http://www.ndsn.org /JULY 93/ANIMAL.htm|>
AN OVERALL VIEW OF RELIGIOUS LIBERTY

<http://w 3.trib.com /FA
CT /Ist.religion.htm|>
BOOKS
Anthony Barrett. Sacrifice and prophecy in Turkana cosmology. Paulines

Publications Africa (1998).
Buffie Johnson. Lady of the Beasts: The Goddess & Her Sacred Animals
Inner Traditions International, Limited 1994.
Clifford Howell . Of sacraments and sacrifice. Liturgical Press; Rev. 3d ed

edition (1977).
F.T. Van Straten. Hiera Kala : Images of Animal Sacrifice in Archaic and
Classical Greece. Brill Academic Publishers (April 1, 1995).
James, E.O. Sacrifice and Sacrament. Barnes & Noble (1962.)
M. I. Siddiqui. Animal Sacrifice in Islam. Kazi Publications (December 1,

1991).
Nicholas J. Saunders. Animal Spirits : The Shared World - Sacrifice, Ritual

& Myth - Animal Souls & Symbols. Alexandria, Virginia: Time-Life Books,
1995 First Edition.
Sous le masque de l'animal. Essais sur le sacrifice en Afrique noire

Presses universitaires de France; lére éd edition (January 1, 1987)
Monique Desroches. Tambours des dieux : musique et sacrifice d'origine

tamoule en Martinique. Harmattan 1996.
743
APPENDIX VI
AFRICAN CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS LANGUAGE

SURVIVALS IN AMERICA
Fig 1: ©“Guallah Images” The Art of Jonathan Geen.
ne of the most widely held misconceptions regarding African

religious survivals in America, is the belief so adamantly held by
western scholars and others, that they did not survive in
America. These experts contend that the majority of Africans upon their
arrival, though they could neither “read or write” the English language, and
were not allowed to read the Bible, were in spite of this, “devoted Christians.”
However, the language survivals of the Gullah and Geechee culture, located in
the islands that are a part of South Carolina, Georgia, and North Florida,
disputes their claims. The Gullah culture acts as a virtual African microcosm of
not only the African religions that survived, but the culture of Africa as well.
The Gullah religious and clerical languages represents the different African
ethnic groups spanning a cross-section of the millions of Africans enslaved in
the greater continental United States.
739
Hundreds of thousands of Africans were taken from what is known

as the “Windward or Rice Coast” of West Africa, including a great number
from Angola, and many from the African interior. Some of these groups
which make-up the Gullah include, the Vai, (Mande), Mende, Twi, Ewe, Hausa,
Yoruba, Ibo, KiKongo, and many others'. The Gullah language (a mixture of
Victorian British and African tongues) has been recorded by Lorenzo Turner,
who in 1931, overhead during one of his visits to the Sea Islands, Mrs. Amelia
Dawley, of Harris Neck, Georgia, singing a funeral song that was later
discovered to have originated from Sierra Leone. In tracing its phonetic
structure Lorenzo discovered it to be of the Mende language group.
The Gullah language is a crucial element of African-American

history, because it represents a cross-section of all of the African groups
brought to America’s shores and enslaved throughout the United States.
Nearly 6,000 African words have survived amongst the Gullah peoples, a
dozen or more making their way into the English mainstream, i.e., Abiona
(Yoruba) “born by the wayside,” Anyika (Vai) “she is beautiful,” and Pitipa
(Mende) “children born during the rain”. Other familiar words are widely
known such as “gumbo,” “cooter” (tortoise), “Okra”, “Juke”, “goober” and
“Voodoo.” In 1969, Turner published his findings in a monumental work,
'A fricanisms in the Gullah Dialect (Arno Press, York Times), in which a sample
of these words taken from his book, have been recorded here, with the
permission of the University of South Carolina, Columbia, who now holds the
copyright.
Today, the Gullah people face their greatest challenge in fighting

for their cultural lives. Spawned by the invasion of U.S. and foreign developers
usurping their ancestral lands to build tourist, and retirement havens for the
wealthy, an aggressive effort to preserve their culture is underway by a
number of heritage organizations. Additionally, as the Diaspora is called to
honor their African spiritual heritage, it is hoped that this contribution can
serve to both preserve some of this important African culture, as well as to
empower the Diaspora with the tools necessary to reconnect back to their
very powerful ancestral religions.
Much thanks and appreciation to the Gullah people for their tenacity
against all odds to cling to the most precious jewels of the “Mother Tongue.”
Thanks is also given to the University of South Carolina, for allowing the
exposure of these important words to a much broader and diverse audience
by being publish in this book in an readable format.
1, Micropedia. (London: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.), Vol. IV.15th ed., 1974. Pg. 797.
2. Ibid.
740 — AFRICAN LANGUAGE SURVIVALS in U.S.

AMERICAN BINI LANGUAGE SURVIVALS AMONG THE GULLAH:
BINI WORDS MEANING/USE BY GULLAH
1 Adi’ye
2. Ag'baka
3. Akeg’buda the ruler of Benin, who lives in
Benin City
4. Akpa’lode a leather medicine belt worn asa
protection against charms placed
on the road with the intention of
causing such diseases as
elephantiasis, leprosy, etc.
fruit of the plant called ebieba

a harmful charm
8. A’towo inflammation of the fingers or
toes
identification
7A1 AFRICAN LANGUAGE SURVIVALS in U.S.

28. Iza’zako a red antelope believed to run

continuously on some days and
to walk on others
29. Ize'wudu
30. I’zola ; the European week
31. 1’zobo feeding evil spirits, witches, etc.
a term used by men in giving
thanks to the host after a meal;
an expression directed to
someone who has sneezed
34. Koyo a form of greeting among the

Bini
P37.te | torun, toflow, tolosecolor
43. ‘Obobo cooked yam mashed with oil; a

timber tree
44. O'dayi a young man functioning as the
senior of his siblings
to shake each other (the first

phase in wrestling)
54 Tie
to pull strongly together fo be
742 AFRICAN LANGUAGE SURVIVALS in U.S.
fy) SS Seals Bo[eldtid, foswellto hasten aoe
teh seed Solin males a
743 AFRICAN LANGUAGE SURVIVALS in US.

AMERICAN EWE/FON LANGUAGE SURVIVALS AMONG THE GULLAH!
EWE/FON WORDS MEANING/USE BY GULLAH
eis bom ee eiifocationss ae |
8. A’dodo to be obstinate, quarrelsome; a

pool, a pond
E-a call, a cry for help; Fn - the

genius of wisdom and divination
the fourth king of Dahomey, who

ruled from 1708 to 1729
22. A’goli a tribunal at Whydah

73,_Athoji
E - widow; Fn - eunuch; wife of
the king’s son
destinies of the white people
27. A’jowa name given a girlborn ona
28. A’juda the Portuguese name of Whydah
29, Ajudag’beto the name given to Creoles of
744 ~~ AFRICANLANGUAGE SURVIVALS in US.

Po Portuguese or Brazilian origin

30. A’kaba the third king of Dahomey, who
ruled from 1680 to 1708
name used in saluting a person

born on Friday; name given a
male born on Wednesday
38._A’kweno
39. A’laba Arabian, Arabic
40. A’'lala a slowly flowing stream
41. Ala’wano name of a place in the Ewe
country
42. Allinu
43. Ali'time height, size, stature
44. A’liya a ladder staircase
45. Alo’wizo inflammation of the fingers or
toes
46. ‘Alwi
47. ‘Ama name of a girl born on Saturday;
naked
48, Amadows
born on Saturday

61. An’ku name given a boy born on

Wednesday
62. ‘Apa
63. ‘Asafo the young men of a community,
the warriors; company,
association
E -wife, woman, female; market,
price
Fn - wife
nut
querulous
city
female born on Thursday
83. A’wusi name used in saluting persons

born on Sunday
aca
85. A’yisa the genius of metal
86. A’yiya corporal punishment, anguish
87. A’yiza the tutelary genius of streets; a
fetish belt of palm leaves worn to
protect one from fire

110. ‘Beji E - a large, uninhabited bush

country
Fn - the genius of the chase

111. ‘Beka a rope made of grass
112._ ‘Bele
HStea Beli weak, sickly
114. Be’naze ripe grain; the twelfth king of
Dahomey
one who is obedient; an
interpreter

122. Bobo lite belsort, to be mild

123. ‘Boboye
124. Bo’'dome the town in which the person
speaking lives
Dahomean king of Behanzin
born on that day
137. ‘Bulu a foolish person

138. ‘Dayi pledge, security; on the ground
139. Deje a spirit conferring the power to
govern |
140. ‘Dema a kind of divination (by water or
the placing of a calabash on the
head)
141. ‘Denu custom-house, tide-waiter
142. Dewi E-a child as opposed to an old
person
Fn - a domestic, a serf
i al

fi52e Fano. <sk/* Mtwy_bee>|ioieh aie Reema De2 RE
E - a native of a place; a free-born

person
Fn - nail, claw, hoof
158. ‘Fiba the name given a girl born on
Friday
ish = oe Oe
168. ‘Funo a woman with child; a nickname

for a spider
169. ‘Gafe the place where one has been
cured
170, Gana
i71. “Gane
172. ‘Ganu E - any metal implement,
especially tin
Fn - an iron case or box
reigned 1818 to 1858
176. ‘Gome foundation, bottom

177. ‘Goba bent, crooked, hollow
178. ‘Golo a pouch made of leaves of the fan
palm
179. Go’yito haughty, proud
180. Gu’cili a king of Dahomey, brother of

Sea
a subject fora song, a great

event, a great misfortune
190. ‘Hoho E - many-voiced, loud-sounding
Fn - the spirit protector of twins;

old
Novo; to begin
ok eee ae ete ee ey
206. ‘Jikujiku a child whose elder brothers and
sisters have died
7070
Z12._ Kaba
750 AFRICAN LANGUAGE SURVIVALS in ULS.
DSA Ca E- a black, nonpoisonous snake
Fn - rust, mildew
214. ‘Kadi
215. ‘Kafa
king in the ceremonies
240. Ko,jo name given a boy born on

Monday
241. ‘Koko to stammer, high
242. ‘Komla name given a boy born on
Tuesday
243 Kone
244. ‘Konko glass, tumbler, cup
245. Ko,si name given a boy born on Sunday
246. ‘Koto edge, border
TKS) | AFRICAN LANGUAGE SURVIVALS in U.S.

a poor person; poverty

251. ‘Koliko yam or sweet potatoes fried in
palm oil
who is barren
the eye; a blind man
265. ‘Kutu an earthern pot used for cooking

soup
266. ‘Kuwiya sudden terror; idleness
267. Kwa,ku name given a boy born on
Wednesday
268. Kwam,la name given a boy born on
Tuesday

284. ‘Lilo fine sand mixed with salt and

| eaten by pregnant women
287. ‘Liyo
288. Loko
290. ‘Lome name of a coastal city in the Ewe
country
contains the tomb of Mohammed
307. ‘Monana cutting a road; giving permission;

leave of absence, vacation
308. ‘Moto edge, border of the road
309. ‘Mowola a liar
310. Mozowa
311 Mu
312. ‘Mumu deaf and dumb; to emit a

nee
ie cticsigre cane odor
313. Na’go the Yoruba language of Southern
Nigeria
mother as another
brother-in-law, sister-in-law
334. ‘Ousa Hausa, a people and language of

Northern Nigeria
355, O:kone ‘oh! my friend’
336, Onu
337. Oni
338. ‘Pali to place crosswise; beams laid
crosswise
inte children
a stump; a cluster of fruit; a

walking stick; a bag; suddenly
used as a vegetable
362. Se to understand; to taste; to fee; to

smell
363. ‘Sebe
disapprobation
SWE, SS to put to flight; to smear; to cut

off; to press
373, Sika
374, Sime
375, Site
376. Siz
377. Sizo
a species of the fan palm
September and December

384. ‘Sofi a spade, a shovel
of thunder
in the freeing of a slave
395. Tanu E - the morning star; bride price,

dowry
Fn - BBomey customs
remove; to swell; yam
404. Tela the finest yam tubers
405, Tel
406. Teta small, yam tubers used as
a
AO T mete
Teter ——— | | unimportant =~

417. To E - to be thick, shriveled; a buffalo
| Fn - to ‘father’; country
Mohammedan
433. ‘Weje the Dahomean goddess of

hunting
234 Wel
435. Wele
436, Wel
437. Wenow
438, Wets
(439. wiawo
440. ‘Wida Whydah, a coastal city in
Dahomey
441. ‘Wini'wini fine, thin

a spirit (good or bad) intermediary

between God and man; a diety
451. ‘Wola a depository; to conserve; to

conceal
460. ‘Yawa name given a girl born on

Thursday
Thursday
62. ‘Y ilo to call, to go for
463, Yo
464. Yo an interjection of assent; a reply to
a call
465. ‘Yoyo E - a talker, a tattler
Fn - new-fangled; something new

406. ‘Yoyoyo dripping
467. ‘Yulo to call, to go for
468. ‘Zawi a free-born person; weeping at
night
469. ‘Zazozo traveling at night, going about at
night
470, Ziel
A471. Zi'defo
eee
courage, confidence


GA AMERICAN IBO LANGUAGE SURVIVALS AMONG THE GULLAH!
Ga WORDS MEANING/USE BY
GULLAH
a decayed dwelling or habitation

2. aSante a district, people, and language
of the Gold Coast
10. Ko,jo name given a male child born on

Monday
something abhorrent; Tam sorry’

12. "Kwabl
13. ‘Kwa,jo name given a boy born on
Monday
21. ‘Wose day after tomorrow, any time in

the future
22. _‘Fufla
grandmother
760 ~~ AFRICAN LANGUAGE SURVIVALS in U.S.

IBO AMERICAN IBO LANGUAGE SURVIVALS AMONG THE GULLAH'
IBO WORDS MEANING/USE BY GULLAH
stem of young plants
life; fathom of cloth
31.Wa to spread the blood of an animal

for juju; to split; to rise

IBO WORDS MEANING/USE BY GULLAH
day after tomorrow

KIKONGO LANGUAGE RETENTION AMONG THE GULLAH'
KIKONGO WORDS MEANING/USE BY

GULLAH
Po aT]
763 AFRICAN LANGUAGE SURVIVALS in USS.

AMERICAN KONGO LANGUAGE SURVIVALS AMONG THE GULLAH’
KONGO WORDS MEANING/USE BY GULLAH
a prefix applied to the name of a

person when he is spoken of and
to all who are with him
to burn; to knock
3. Baba’ta to feel one’s way
a spit on which fish are threaded

a cloth of native manufacture
made of the fiber of frondlets of
the mpusu palm; toughness,
firmness
6. Baka to obtain; to tear; to disclose; to
charge with
to scold;totighten
a native broker; to tie well
10. ‘Bambula to transfer by witchcraft the
property of one person to
another
11. Bam’wuka to crack (said of the earth)
12. ‘Banda to make a choice; to make fast; to
climb; a cap
3. ‘Banca ‘kana to be piled one on the top of the
other
14. Ban’duka to be disfigured
15, Ban‘jya
17. ‘Banga to search for medicinal barks and
18. Ban’gala the season when the grass is
19. ‘Bangi herbalist; awitness

20. Ban’gika to commit to the torments of hell;
to send a person out in a very
hot sun; to oppress; oppression
21. ‘Bangu a skillful person; a basket;
ridgepole

22. ‘Bangu'bangu the bark of the mbangu tree,

given to patients suffering from
nsaku (an ailment characterized
by pains in the back)
23. Ban’gula to take to pieces; to divulge
24. ‘Basa a bedstead covered with a mat;
to cut
25. Ba’suka to be released; to burst

26. ‘baSi a chip, splinter
27. Ba'tika to stick on, to dress (a wound); to
begin
S55 beiKele the nickname given a short

person
47. ‘Bikula spasm of wind (spoken of infants

only)
48. Bilungi hell
to rest a load on the staff carried
by porters
50. ‘Bimba to wrestle with; to test; to be
clapped to by someone who is
about to make a salute

woman who has borne children
63. ‘Bongo kola nuts; cloth, goods, property;

general name for vegetables and
other things cultivated for food
goodness, excellence
66. Bo’tomba thickness, density (of liquids)
67. ‘Boula bark, shell, the wing-case of
insects
70. ‘Buba to cut grass; to strike; to put

down heavily
71. ‘Bubu gloom; today
72. Budi cat; swamp
caravan, flock; dead plaintain
leaf; to cure; to explode

83. ‘Dede
84. ‘Deji
85. De'kola
86. ‘Dembo a secret society having as one of
its requirements for membership
the feigning of sudden death
ieee
91. E’lundu nest of the white ant; ham;a
|
94. E’miya the short palm having thin
midribs
96. E’papi wing (of a bird)

97. E’safi a tassel, the bunch of hair at the
end of a tail
98. E’salu the witch-doctor’s bundle of
charms; tool
plumage; land
caterpillar
forest
nut
111. E’taya
reg
ag arag

112. e’tenji a small china or pearl button

113. E'tombe the midrib of the palm
114. E’tumbi a bed raised rather high (as for
pumpkins); a bed of burned roots
and earth
120. E’wiji a pimple (from the sting of an

insect)
[21 Ewina
122. Ewiya
123. Ewolo
124. E';wonzo a medicine consisting of leaves
bruised with chalk and mud and
mixed with palm wine
125. E’wongi the seed capsule of a tree which
is pierced and played on the
principle of the ocarina
126. Ewula
127. E’wuninu that above which there is deceit
128. E’;wunze a tree that grows in swampy
places, the fruit of which yields a
red dye
768 —AFRICANLANGUAGE SURVIVALS in ULS.

to use the influence of black art,

to put under a spell
161. ‘Fuka the formalities which have to be

observed in approaching a great
chief or in the worship of God
ground with a hoe or adze
pronunciation of France
173. ‘Fwenka to cut off close to the ground

174. ‘Ganda a name given to San Salvador as
769 — AFRICAN LANGUAGE SURVIVALS in US.

EE the chief city of the Kongo

country
grit which has been taken into
the mouth with food
176. ‘Ganji
177. ‘Giza
178. ‘Goma
179. ‘Gombo the charm to which the witch
doctor appeals in order that he
may discover a witch
189. ‘Jeke seeds which are often threaded

and attached to bundles of
charms worn by those who have
initiated into the mysteries of
ndembo (a guild or secret
society)
190. Je’nena the bladder )
1 ku
192. ‘Jima to be closed (spoken of the eyes
only); to extinguish
by another
201. ‘Kadi a demon, a witch

202. Ka’fi oar, paddle

203. ‘Kaji inflammation of the bladder
204. ‘Kala to dwell; to deny; life; denial;
dryness
205. ‘Kalala
206. Ka'lunga
207. ‘Kama
208. Kamba’lala to pass a hill along its base in
order to avoid climbing
209. ‘Kana
210. ‘Kanda to straighten; the under part of
an animal’s paw
211. Kan’daji the under part of a paw
backward, throwing out the chest
clim bing palm
ees
220. ‘Kaya
| ects
to distribute; to be parched; to
|
223. ‘Kayisa to greet; to parch; to cause to
distribute
225. ‘Kela to cut to pieces; to filter; cassava

peeled and dried in the sun
226. ‘Kelo a funnel; medicine for the eyes
which is administered through a
funnel; a fountain, a spring
227.’ Kemba to put on gaudy clothes and go
out merrymaking
728 Kembela
729. Keralya
230. ‘Kenji a fine for bloodshed paid to the

judges
237. Ki’ata to form a line, to be drawn up in

: order
243. Ki’kula to take up and immediately carry

away
shadow
places near streams; the water rat
fatherhood

of the country
custom
281. ‘Kombo a goat; a gun with a very long

barrel
2806. ‘Konzo one of the four days of the

Kongo week
287. ‘Kongo a respectful answer to a call
288. ‘Konko prohibition, taboo; an angle, a
corner
789. Kota
290. Kote
291. Ko’tela to go in for; to enter with
292. Kou ‘lula to give away a portion of what
has been received as a gift
293. ‘Koza cassava root; to bend, to be bent
294. koSi
295. ‘Kristu Christ
773° AFRICANLANGUAGE SURVIVALS in US.

296. ‘Kuba
297. ‘Kufi :
298. Ku'kuta
to redeem
leg; a wooden frame and door;
: antiquity
: res ponsibility
to roar; to be amazed; to
_| scandalize
303. ‘Kumbi a drum; a slanderer;a
subordinate chief; a large tree; a
large rat
to collect; to assemble (used in

reference to people only)
320. Kwa’nuka to be scratched, to have a long

scratch across; to be jerked down
or along
321. ‘Kwasa to cut with one raid stroke; to rub
on
322 Kwa
323, Kwenda
524, Kweniya
329. ‘Kwiya a tree having a rough, hard,

sandpaperlike leaf; a plan,
sandpaper
330. ‘Kwiza to come; the coming
331. Laku’muna to move the tongue; to send
forth flames
332. ‘Lala to become reduced in size; to
ebb; to sleep
someone floating on the water
345. ‘Leka to sleep; to be well; to set a trap;

to tune an instrument; to cocka
gun
350, Lele’mesa
351, Lembo
352. ‘Lenza to eat (said of animals; an
offensive term if used in
reference to people)
353. ‘Lenga to flatter; to smear on; to sharpen
354. Len’gela a hawk; to hover as a hawk; to
775 AFRICANLANGUAGE SURVIVALS in US.

a
355.‘Lewesa_
356. ‘Lezo an edible leaf
357. ‘Lolo a bush yielding a yellow edible
fruit; a tree whose wood is bright
yellow and very bitter
[a7 wina | perspiration
376. ‘Lukusu a white discoloration of the skin

generally affecting the hands
377. ‘Lulu an edible plant having a bitter
leaf
384, Luse
385, Lusindu
386. Lut
387, Lute
776 —AFRICANLANGUAGE SURVIVALS in US.
388. Lu'wadi pasquirel:

oc ie — TY
389. Lu'wanga a small abscess; a small frog
disobedience, contempt
relationship, family, clan
392. Lu’zemba the sling upon which an infant is
carried
393. Ma’bibi fatigue, faintness
394. Ma’dimba a native dance to the music of
the harmonicon
395. Ma‘diya food
396. ‘Madza
397. Ma’kaya leaves, foliage
398. Ma’kene an obscene expression
399. Ma’kinu dances
400. Ma’kongo persons having some physical
deformity
to knock over backward
palm-wine, spirit, wine generally
talks, affairs, palavers

405. ‘Mana to perfect; to be finished;
merchandise
a much-used path, a highroad
to finish, to dispose of speedily
408. Marnika
409. ‘Masa corn
412. Mawakala a name given to persons being

initiated into the ndembo
413. Ma’yombe a district in the old kingdom of
Kongo
414. Mazu noise, commotion
415. Mbazi‘mene tomorrow morning
416. M’bila a summons
417. ‘Mema to make the daily cut in the palm
for palm wine
4 18. ‘Mena
i
eer
to grow
cel

Mamiaissii Vivian Hunter-Hindrew Mami Wata: Africa's Ancient God/dess Unveiled
to grow; to cause to grow
425. ‘Mika wool, fur, hair
433. Mpi’aza the season when the grass is

burned (July to Oct)
434. ‘Muku the odor arising with the steam
from hot food
435. ‘Munse sugar cane
436. ‘Mungwa salt
437. Mwinda
438. mwiSi’kongo a person of Kongo
439, Mwula
440. ‘Nana eight
441. ‘Natu the small present which is always
given by those who go for
medicine or for a witch doctor
4AO. ‘Nika to crush, to rub and pound in

washing
447.‘Nima back, rear; keel
448. ‘Nono an unctuous exudation from the
449. N’sole a large root used for medicinal

250. N'to
A51. ‘Nuka to emit a bad odor; rottenness
452. Nu’kisa to corrupt, to cause putrescence
458. Nzamba
471. ‘Panda crime; divination, a resort to

magic
472. ‘Pangu those meats or fish which a child
is forbidden to eat because they
were served at the feast held for
his mother shortly before his
birth
the season when the grass is

burned (July to Oct)
a chimpanzee
4806. Sadi a wild yam, the creeping stalk

and roots of which are thickly
covered with thorns; a workman
487. ‘Saka to be too late; to exceed; to cut
off; a rattrap
488. Saki a bunch, a cluster
489. Saku a ring of dry plants together with
the nguba groundnuts which it
encircles; a sack
490. ‘Sala to work; industry; to reap; a
dance characterized by rapid
movement of the hips; fin, tail of
a fish
491. 'Salu_
492. Sa’luka to be gathered (used in reference
to corn only); to recoil
49 3. Sa’lulula to repeat a performance several
times
494. Sa'mali to send someone to feed the
flock
501. ‘Sanga to dance; exultation; to mix; an

island
502, Satu
503. Sebe
504. Seda
780 ~~AFRICANLANGUAGE SURVIVALS in U.S.

509. ‘Semo brightness, a flash

510. ‘Senda to reward for services rendered
511. Sensa to cut into small pieces
512. ‘Sewe the heel of hoofed animals
513. ‘Soki
514. ‘Sona to drip; the first few drops of a
shower
to drip :
mind or thought
528. ‘Sina to be deep; depth; wealth, capita!;

a wealthy person
cutting in a palm
animal of either sex
eS533. Tadi
ee
iron, metal; an article, tool, or
535. Tama to measure distance; space;

fathom
536. Tamba to offer to extend the hand or
arm
537 Tambl
538. Tambu a trap; a lock, a bolt

550. Telama to rise; departure; to put on the

fire
551. Tembo the stern of a boat
552. Temo the custom of pooling resources
of any kind to achieve some
particular result
to open wide (used especially in
reference to the eyes)
i 55Omilete
ee bundle, sheaf;
cme a basket made of
504. Tina to flee, to shrink from, to be

afraid of

571. Tola
572. Toma to be good, to be pleasant; to
taste sweet
573. Tom’bola to carry; to dish up food; to
ascend
574. Tonda to love; affection
575. ‘Tondi a grateful person, one who loves;
an eel
576. Tonji sleeping-sickness
577. Totela title of the kings of Kongo
578. ‘Toto the sound made from clapping
twice
586. ‘Tumba to condemn; to correct; to

appoint to an office, to initiate
into fetish mysteries
587.Tumba’lala to be made into a heap
588, Tumina
589. ‘Tumpa a throb, a pulsation; to beat
to skin, to strip without the aid of
an instrument
593. ‘Tunze a small bird which nods its head

when anyone speaks to it, and in
consequence is said to give an
affirmative answer to anything,
however absurd; hence also a
fool who will do or assent to
anything
504, Tanga
595. ‘Tungi inhabitant, native, founder,
builder
783 AFRICAN LANGUAGE SURVIVALS in USS.

596. Tupula
ogous
598. Tuwallala to be distended
punishment
a breeder, one who keeps
animals
609. u’Sita barrenness (of persons or

animals)
a skin disease supposed to be

due to the disregard of a taboo,
e.g., eating something forbidden
: to carve in wood
618. Wama to strike with (used only by

women)

-~ = a] peppery powder used as a cure

for headache
637. Wena to gird up the loin cloth very

tightly
650. Wriama
651, Wiki
652. Wilul
653. Wimba
54. Wina
655. Winds
656. Winza
657 Wisa
658. wis
659. Wika
to cut down
661. Wiwi dishonesty, theft

662. ‘Woika
663 ‘Wola
664. ‘Wolesa to decompose; to cause to
decom pose
cassava root beaten into flour
672. Wu’bika to immerse, to plunge into; to

allow one to take a great quantity
of something
673, ‘Wula
674. ‘Wulula to rescue from great danger to
life
680. ‘Wuna to complain, to groan; a

complaint
681 Wunina
682, Wunisa
683. ‘Wunza to examine gently something
painful or fragile
684. Wun’gisa to make exceedingly ashamed;
great shame
to cause to commit adultery

692. ‘Yanda to stretch and fasten the skin on

a drum; to spread out to dry
693. Yanza to tear to pieces with the teeth
694. Yawallala
695. ‘Yaya to hiss, to murmur; fame; to be
well known; mother; maternal
relatives; to bail out
697; Yela to be ill; to be guilty, to be

overcome
703. ‘Yila to boil; to purr; to begin to grow

dark
712. ‘Yukuta to be satisfied (especially with

reference to food)
713. ‘Yuna to skin, to flay
71a Yuya
715. ‘Zakama to shake, to be agitated
to fill, to rise (as the tide);
fingernail; to hem; a fringe
720. ‘Zambu a branch of one tree that extends

to the branches of another, thus
affording a climber the means of
passing from one tree to another

without descending to the

t ground
721. ‘Zandu to get into trouble
722. ‘Zanza to cause to fall heavily; to dash to
the ground
723. ‘Zanga to soil; to defecate (used in
reference to babies only)
724. Za’wuna to seize, to take away (with the
hands only)
a tuft of grass, plants or hair; the

place on which a single plant
grows
739. ‘Zoleswa to have an intense desire for

something, thought to be caused
by a charm, or, in the case of
pregnancy, by that condition
741. ‘Zonda to be half-released (as in the case

of the spring of a trap which has
caught something)
742. ‘Zonji a quarrelsome person; a quarrel;
a small sca fish
743, Zonza
744. ‘Zoula to take up with a scoop
745. ‘Zowa to knead, to make a paste of
788 — AFRICAN LANGUAGE SURVIVALS in U.S.

746. ‘Zozo bill, beak

747. Zuka to strike; to pay interest
luck
something edible
750. ‘Zunta to wring off; to take aim; aim
751. ‘Zunza to smelt, to fuse
752. Zunga’nisa to whirl, to brandish
753. ‘Zungu a curve; difficulty, pain; a
cauldron
754. Zuwa to break off by a violent motion
755. Zu’zuna to tear off a piece (used
especially with reference to food

TWI LANGUAGE RETENTION AMONG THE GULLAH
TWI WORDS MEANING/USE BY

| | GULLAH
1. ‘Aba name given a girl born on
Thursday
2. A’bako a kind of shea-tree having brown
wood that is used for furniture;
the mahogany tree
to stand security for
5. A’danse
ruin, overwhelming calamity
a country situated south of
Asante and considered one of
the original seats of the Akem
nation
11. A’doye kind-heartedness, mercy,

affection
12. A’du a protagonist in Ashanti legend
Twi people
18. A’fi name used in saluting a person
19. A’fofi keeping at home, doing domestic
20. A’fuwa name given a girl born on Friday

name of a country in the Gold
Coast consisting of a
southeastern and a northwestern
kingdom
that which causes displeasure

the genius of Monday; a title of

respect given to chiefs
32. ‘Apa a scaffold of sticks on which to

hang fruits
language of the Asante
a river: any body of water

38. A’Sante a district, people and language of
the Gold Coast
BOW Ata name given the male of twins
40. Aya
Al. ‘Badu name given the tenth male child
of a mother
42. Baka a lake communicating with the
sea
43. Bama the projecting lower part of the
wall in native houses, used as a
seat; a strip of country cloth
50. ‘Behu infant’s food prepared from palm

nuts
the genius of Tuesday, used in
eee. saluting persons born on that day
celal

53, Bere
54. Bert
55. Bese
56. Ben
57. BEtE
58. BIbin
71. Bram
72. ‘Bubu
(totaal
to overlay
to bend repeatedly
73. Da’pa name of a boy or girl born on the
day preceding any adae (adae
being a festival day that returns
every forty-third day)
7A ‘DatE
75. Da’wuta a town crier’s bell, consisting of
two pieces of iron fixed ina
wooden handle
mother of the Ga people

90. Feya name given a child who died

before any of its brothers or
sisters
97. Fo’fiye name of a fetish or tutelar genius

worshipped at Aburi and other
places; name of the Friday ten
days before the day on which the
natives do not work on the
plantation, but may do domestic
work
100. Hara-mata a dry wind from the interior of

Africa which blows in December,
January, and February toward the
Atlantic Ocean and which is
accompanied by a dusty haze
108. I’pete vulture; deity
110. Jare
112, Kab
(15. Kane
114 ‘Kata
115. Ke'kare
116. Kena
117. Kete
120. ‘Kai an expression used in cursing a

person
[123 Koni | speechless, absolutely still
indignation
the sound of scratching or

laughing; to make incisions; joint,
juncture
fe ci lf
a]
132. Kwabena name given a boy born on
eee133. Kwaku
134. Kwame
name given a boy born on
name given a boy born on
135. Kwasi name given a boy born on

Sunday
third child of her mother
141. ‘Mene to swallow; the throat

142. ‘Mensa the third son
143. Mo a congratulation, thankful
acknowledgement

144. “Mosa
145. Mumo name of a month, approximately
December
146. ‘Muna to become dark, to look gloomy
147. ‘Nana
148. ‘Nano
grandchild
151. ‘Noma
153. N’tama cloth, a native dress consisting of
one large cloth wrapped around
the body in various ways
154. N’to family group
155, ‘Nunu
157. O’banku a food made of ground maize,
commonly eateh when yam is
scarce
158, Oba'siya
LS ONOubese the period extending from the
beginning of the rains in October
until January

182. ‘Peni name of a fetish and a tree at

Akropong, in which the stems
and leaves of several climbers are
intertwined
183. ‘Pepe
184. ‘Pesi the act of keeping awake
185. ‘Pen
186. ‘Pire a whip cut from the skin of an
animal
uneven cutting of the hair
195. ‘Sase goddess of the earth

196. Se to say, to tell, to command
197. ‘Sebe an amulet, a talisman made of
leather
204. Siye to preserve; to keep one’s word;

to bury
205. ‘Siye diligence, industry
the taking up and strewing of the
ashes from the fuel used for the
fire that is kept during the yam

a Sant Senet Balfcusioniie = een wd

207. Su’suwi measure; thought
vestige, mark
Upper and the White Volta
211, Tani
212. ‘Tapo half a string of cowries, twenty
cowries
2206. Tote the foot of a four-footed animal,

paw, hoof
227. Todi things bought and eaten;
expenses
228. Traso that which is beyond the limits,
excess
ne a ere
231. Twani infantile convulsions,

Marnaissii Vivian Hunter-Hindrew Mami Wata: Africa’s Ancient God/dess Unveiled
238. ‘Wusa Guinea grain

239. ‘Yere |
240. ‘Yiri
241.You name given a boy born on
Thursday
242. Yauda Thursday
243. ‘Yoyo
798 —AFRICANLANGUAGE SURVIVALS in U.S.

YORUBA LANGUAGE SURVIVALS AMONG THE GULLAH!
YORUBA NAME MEANING/USE BY GULLAH
eC ae ES
the act of feeding together
22. A’dosu one zealously devoted to the Sanigos

mysteries
in the shape of a bell

30. ‘Ahu |_miser,
miser, stinginess;
stinginess; tortoise sd

anything considered harmful
strength or bravery
51, Arkon
5
60. A’lade name given a boy born between girls or
after several girls
oi Awel
2.
62. A’lafi i king, one who owns the palace
63. Ala’fiya health, peace

64. A'lagba
65. A’lagbe
66._Allaiku
67. Allaini
68. Alaiye
69. A’laiyo
by ordeal
Ga71. A’lake
Frese
the king of Ake, the capital of the Egba
79. A’lawo a priest, one acquainted with the secrets

of the gods
94. A’rale inmate, one who belongs to a house or

fam ily
95. Ara’mafu that which shines until the eye is clear

118._A’Sipa
119._A’Sin
things; a man fully armed
126. A’tini the Mohammedan day of the week

eh —— corresponding to the Christian Monday
127. A’tori a tree remarkable for its toughness, used
i Pee
for bows, ships, etc.
2 A’tubi Wiesenctalo tiie ——_sntiv ved tured |

129. ‘Awala
130. A’wi the velvet tamarind
131. ‘Awodi the wedge-tailed kite
132. “Awoni
133. A’wota a perfect cure
134. A’wusa a fruit resembling the walnut
ISIS), aye wife
136. A’janfe cheat, imposition
Sie Ove alive’Aya
138. ‘Aya joy, pleasure
140. A’yoka one who causes joy everywhere
the death of its grandfather
153. ‘Bafi the eunuchs in the palace of the king of

the Yoruba

164. ‘Basa
egugu worshippers
169._ ‘Bat
170._Ba'taigi
worshippers
174, Bega
178. ‘Bere the harvest home festival (occurring in

January) during which the fields are set on
fire to indicate that they have been cleared
of the fruits
181, Bibi
188. Bode
189._Bofi
190. ‘Bori to cover the head; to surpass
a plant bearing a round fruit, the juice of
which is used in tattooing
to increase, to bless
804 AFRICANLANGUAGE SURVIVALS in U.S.

194. ‘Bula owner taBeg O° aa

195. ‘Bule
196._‘Bule
197. ‘Bura wotswearuv nts
7 arated ear
198. ‘Dani
199. ‘Dara
200. ‘Daraya to be cheerful, to perform physical
exercise
201. ‘Dase to prepare a meal without another's aid
202. ‘Dasi to spare, to reserve
203. ‘DaSa to adopt a new fashion, to dare to do
something
204, Dede
205, Dele
206. ‘Desi to come upon, to befall
207. ‘Degu to make a rough seat on a tree, on which
to await animals at night
208. Elo
209. Ema’fa _ one of the ladies of high rank at the palace
of the Yoruba king
210. ‘Ema something strange
Di _Eni
ZZ ED ashes sometimes used with the native dye
indigo
ZA EKe advantage, profit
214. Erelu a title usually given a woman in the
Ogboni House, or a leading woman in any
community
219. Ewe’koko a vegetable with thick green leaves used

every 17th day in connection with the
worship of Sango, the god of thunder
220. ‘Eda nature, inclination; creature
221. Efu
: Abeokuta
ornament on a dog's neck
Hota eral
232. E'leya
245. ‘Eye ie
es
fitness 2 ee
246. ‘Eya a masquerade pecular to Lagos’
2aT Famifami
248. Fa’tosi Ifa is worthy to be worshipped’
749. Fayems
750._Fere
251 Fe
752. Fete
753, Tele
75a Fal
2555 shirt greater than, strongest, oldest

256. Fisi
257. Fi'tila Pa an |
aes
258. kalu ee to strike with agility
250 ‘Fale
raises tee Rome to scrub the floor of a house
260. ‘Gelede a kind of masquerade, pecular to Lagos
and its suburbs
[261
eZO1: Gaigai_ | slugglishly
a mode of weaving
268. I’bogidi a vine with white, yellow-centered flowers;

it fruit
i269. Midas 2 | SSWOrd teeter eee! “5 Se eR gp
271. !dowu the first child, male or female, born after

twins
277. ‘Igunuko god of the forest, the impersonator of

whom walks on stilts
278. ‘Ifaiye enjoyment of luxury or pleasure
279. ‘IfeSa a Yoruba tribe of the Ilesha Province
280. ‘ifa name of a Western Sudanic language in
the Niger estuary
281. Vkifa name of a district of which the king or lord
is alakifa

293. Iru-kere the cowtail carried about by the priests or

kings
Se aaa ee
a
children of the first; junior, small
305. lya’lemale a Yoruba priestess who has in her keeping
the king’s Ifa god and who participates in
ceremonies which take place when Ifa
priests come every 5th day to worship and
to consult the Ifa god
306. I’'yami-i yami “My mother! my mother!
307. lyam,nari one of the ladies of the king’s palace
whose duty itis to execute by strangling
any Sango worshippers condemned to
capital punishment, since they are not to
die by the sword
308. l’yansa the wife of Sango, god of thunder
309. lya’yemafa the mother of the goddess of brooks
310. I’'yanaso one of the eight ladies of highest rank at
311. lya-atu one of the ladies of high rank at the king’s

312. l’ya-aba mother of the king

313. Ja
314. Jaba‘laxyd
315. ‘Jabata name of a place in the Yoruba country--
the residence of the chief of an army
316. ‘Jaiya to be afraid
Sila, to solve a riddle
318. ‘Jamba treachery
319. ‘Jama to be equal in value to
320. ‘Jare to be in the right
346. ‘Kiku teaching

teaching <a ae ee
347. ‘Kile to wager, to pledge

348. Kini

gaa. Gtewt) sl idangetous. tn 1 a eel

[385 Megbaus | =| (patalyttcnmawey hes eT
388. ‘Lewu the down of the palm tree used for tinder
an animal of the porcupine family which
lives under rocks
officers of the Yoruba king

417. O’ba-ogo___ ‘King of Glory’

418. Oba’tala the great goddess of Yoruba, supposed to
be the framer of the human body in the
womb
419. ‘Obe
420. Ode’wale (a hunter) comes to the house
421. Odo’fi
422. O’ga-ogo illustrious (used only in reference to the
Supreme Being)
423. Oja
424. Oje'biyi
425. ‘Oki a bird whose white feathers are highly
valued
436. Omo’olo one of the three members of the royal

family who instruct the king (especially
when he is YOuDg!
443. O’tunefa one of the three eunuchs or lordlings of

the king’s palace
444. O’tunla name given the third child born after twins
445. ‘Oya the wife of Sango (the god of thunder)
AAO. O’yabi one of the twelve kakanfos in the Yoruba

Ee eee
a7 Oyen
448._Arfe
449_Almo eT
450. Alye aor
ces
451, Ale ders
452, “Obada
453, Obidu
454. Odudawa
455. Ogbo
456._Og bomoSo
Al2. Ola ‘that which saves, that which effects a

deliverance’
476. Olowo-or
477 Ow iyi
478. O'lugbodi name given a child born with
supernumerary digits
479. O'lulu a Senegal lark-heeled cuckoo

484. O’muye one of the forty-eight Ilaris, household

officers of the king
494. ,Ori’Sa-oko ‘the god of the fields’; name given a child

whose family worships this god
495. O’rite name given the child for whose birth ori (a
deity who protects the head) is believed to
be responsible
502. ,oSa’la the great god, the chief of the Yoruba

deities
507. o’Sonu a person easily enraged; an ill-natured

person
508. ‘oSugbo
509.
05u the Ogboni cult
510. ‘oSuka a pad used for the head when one is

RTT
ee |
aikinchomnnu
514. O’tiyo ‘He (or she) has become satisfied
physically’
515. Oye'bisi
516. Pa'loti to be drunk; to swell with pride
517. ‘Pana to put out the light; to quench a burning
fire
538. ‘Safa to spread over something (such as cream

over boiled milk)
539. Sag’buwa one of the sixteen superior captains of the
guard in the sect; name of a former king
of Abeokuta
540. ‘Sala to escape, to flee for safety

557. Sango | thegodofthunder SSS

strings of cowries
562, Soipona
563, Sokal Pe eS
565. Taba to clean the under parts of the body;
tobacco

5S lie to fall into disgrace; to be insipid; to

spread
587. Tijo’tayo one of the forty-eight Ilaris, household

officers of the crown who are below the
eunuchs in rank
598, To

630. Wemole
631. Wenu

645. Wai
664. ‘Wora to cure one’s self of a disease; to be a

glutton
666,_Woye
670. Wuri
675. ‘Wuye to perform initial ceremonies on assuming

a title
676. Ya ready, early, quick
677. Yaa ESERES oop eal

oan
death of its to ey
i034,
703. Yeye = Mnsctiec eet PT |
| 710.
710. Ye’sile
Ye’ | oavcdi
oavcdi 2 oe |
eX ew Ul the dark partof a room, the private room
of a house

712._‘Yibori
713. ‘Yika
714._Yi'kankiri
715. ‘Yimbo
716. Yi'pada
717. ‘Yipo
718. ‘Yiya
LZOT NAYO slippery
U2 MO to melt
to_be untidy
higher, to show the head
729. ‘Yowo to cause the seller of an article to lower his

price
730. Yoye
731. ‘Yoyo minnows; plentifully
LL NO: to be full, to be satisfied with food or
riches
733. Yoba a falsehood
73a, Yoro
eisy Yau pregnant; to scratch; to itch

GLOSSARY
ittt
Cre OS She
ABADAGAN: consecrated beaded bracelet worn above elbow by

initiates.
ALIFOFO: “black soap.”
ALOGAN: consecrated metal bracelet worn by initiates.
ADZOGBANA: master priest of afa
AFA (OR KA AFA): ewe name for system of divination employed by
bokonos (male/female diviners) to determine path of destiny for an
individual.
AFASI: initiate who has ceremoniously taken the “hand of Afa”
AFE: shrine or home of priest
AFEDO (or afe): ancestral home, or group of people who share a blood
or spiritual lineage. “Founding ancestor’ upon which a lineage is based.
AGASA: a crab.
AGLUZA:
a pig.
AHOSI (HOHO): twins.
AHOWE: cola nut.
AKPATA: immediate family unit.
ALOKE: tchamba ring, or any consecrated ring worn by initiates.
ALOJE: consecrated beaded necklace worn by initiates (Nago: €léké).
ALUGBEDE: priest of Afa.
AMA: leaf.
AGAMASI: an initiate and member of a hou-egbe. (House).
Amengashie: high priestess who calls up the dead and all divinities.
AMAWATO: a healer.
AMIVOVO: red palm oil.
ANYI: dirt or clay.
ASON: a crab.
ASSEN: Metal parasols placed on vodou, or to represent defied ancestor.
ATIN SE: flowering trees.
ATIN: plant.
AVALAYA: raffia skirt worn by aholu.
AVOKANFUN: cotton.
AVUN: a dog.
AWOAMEFFIA: the paramount chief of an ethnic clan.
AZIINMI: peanut oil.
AZIN: egg.
AZONGBLETO: priest/healer.
BAI NU: prayer.
822 GLOSSARY
BOKO/BOKONO: General term for Afa diviner.
CALOULOU: fish dish with tomato sauce, served with acassa (corn
bread).
CUKU: a dog.
DETIN: palm tree that produces red oil.
DETIN: raphia.
DEKIN: palm nut.
DIVINATION: a divine process foretelling events or the future.
DOGBA: sacred rum, originally from wydah (quidah) used to announce
the coming of the king, or is death.
DUKO: ewe clan chief locations.
EPE-EKPE: (kpe yibo) sacred black stone believed to be dropped from the
sky during harvest celebrations of the glidji.
EKPE-LE-KPEDZI: vodou shrine.
EYA: he.
BYE she:
EZE: red clay pots used to make vodou.
FO/FOME: sacred womb of woman.
GBO: a goat.
GBOGBO: “se” or spirit of a deceased person.
HAN: A pig.
HAYE: long neck gourd percussion instrument covered with made
cowries or snake bones.
HOU-EGBE: ewe term for “shrine”
HLO: ewe clans.
HOMEVODU: another term for tro/trowo.
HOUNON: queen of ship/blood mother highest initiatory rank of
mamaissii priestess.
HOUNIE: consecrated beaded or metal band (bracelet) worn by initiates.
HUNDE: palm tree.
HUNO: male temple priest.
HUNKPAME: a family compound consisting of immediate and extended
family members.
HudSI (TRO): an initiate to an elevated ancestral deity.
HWE: Sun.
HWEVI: a fish.
Hw: house consisting only of immediate family unit.
INITIATION: an anthropological term employed to describe the
ceremonial process of being ritually joined with a deity.
JEHO: “room of jewels” sacred altar of deceased king.
HOSI: an initiate to a vodu deity.
KASASA: “true magic” by use of deity.
KPOSASA: false magic by use of bd (gris-gris/hudu).
KLU/KOSI: Non-initiate in vodoun tradition.
KOKLO'SI: hen.
KOKLO'SU: a cock.
823 Glossary
Mamaissii Vivian Hunter-Hindrew NWtannii Widetta: Avffirazets Atorciéertt Gast) ibtesss ULinvediéest!
KPO: a panther.
KWEKWE: banana.
KYI: taboos.
LI: the earth, also a verb meaning “to be.”
LO: a crocodile.
LOKO: sacred ancestral tree from the chorofora excelsa species.
LOKO'TTIN IROKO: ancestral tree.
MAMI WATA: ANCIENT AFRICAN WATER DEITIES OF AFRICA,
PARTICULARITY IN THE WEST AFRICAN VODOUN TRADITION.
MAMA: holy name of reverence for queen mothers.
Mi: we (miawo).
NYE: pronoun “i”.
NYIBU'ASI: a cow.
NYIBU'SU: a bull.
NETE: see from (parkia biblobosa) tree used to prepare mustard.
OMPHAE/OMPHALOS: sacred “mount” made today of concert, or
earth, of which houses the spirit of the vodou or obosom.
PAKPA: a duck.
SE: flower, soul.
SODABI: palm wine.
SONU: a guinea fowl.
TEKA: loofa type sponge taken from inside of gourd.
TOBOKONO: (togbui-bokono): high priest of afa (divinier).
TOVODOU: ancient elevated ancestral deites. (Nuseuwe).
TROWO (TRO: SINGULAR): deities who reside on the earth, often used
interchangeably with vodou.
TRE: calabash.
TROSI: initiate.
TSO: to be seized by the vodou during possession or “in the wild.”
VODUGBE: sacred language spoken by vudusi raised in shrines.
VODHUNFE: house that enshrines a vodou.
VODUSI: initiate of a vodou.
WEZALO: good-bye.
WO: They (Woawo)
WO: You
WOFONAN: Pronounced “Wo-fwan” Meaning Greetings and Blessings
to You!.
YEVEHSI: Initiate Vodu, Tro, and Mami.
ZADO: Mina Name of Someone from Dahomey.
ZIKPUIWO (ZIKPUI): Ancestral Stool
824 Glossary
DAYS OF THE WEEK
Kwasida: Sunday
Dzoda: Monday
Brada: Tuesday
Kuda: Wednesday
Yawoda: Thursday
Fida: Friday
Memleda: Saturday
MONTHS OF THE YEAR
Dzove: Janurary SS
Dzodze: Feburary
Tedoxe: march
Afofie: April
Dame: May
Masa: June
Siamlom: July
Dasiaminme: August
Anyonyo: September
Kele: October
Adeemekpoxe: November
DzomeL December
825 Glossary
Mamaissii Vivian Hunter-Hindrew NWeamnni Wieetea: Atficadés Morciéartt Ganst/ttesss Uhvedieetl
NUMBERS
Afa: half
Deka: one
Eve: two
Eto: three
Ene: four
Ato: five
Ade: six
Adre: seven
Enyo: either
Asieke: nine
Ewo: ten
Wuideke: eleven
Wuieve: twelve
Wuietc: thirteen
Wuiene: fourteen
Wuiato: fifteen
Wuiade: sixteen
826 Glossary
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BB L1-O:G,
Reng riay
Adzomada, K.J. “Dictionnaire: Francais-Ewe, Ewe-Francais.” (Lome: Haho,

1975).
Ajayi, J.F. and Espie, |. Thousand Years of West African History’ (Ibadan:
Ibadan University Press, 1967).
Akroft, C.A. Botchey, G.L., and Takyi, B.K. An English Akan, Ewe, Ga
Dictionary. (Accra: Presbyterian Press, 1996).
Akyea, O.E. "Ewe' (New York: The Rosen Group, 1988).
Alapini, Julien. “Les noix sacrées. Etude compléte de Fa-Ahidégoun

génie de la sagesse et de la divination au Dahomey.” Monte-Carlo, 1950.
w------- . ‘Le Petit Dahom,en: Garammaire-Vocabulaire. Lexique En

Langue du Dahomey.” (Avignon: Les Presses Universelles, 1955).
Alpern, Stanley, B. "Amazons of Black Sparta. The Women Warriors of

Dahomey." (New York: New York University Press, 1998).
American Heritage Publishing. "The Horizon History of Africa’ (McGraw

Hill, Vols. 1&2 1971).
Amoako, K. and Fosu, A. "Festivals in Ghana" (Kumasi: Ghana, 200 1).
"Ancient All-Woman Cult Remains Mystery." San Antonio Express News.

May 5, 1985, 16A.
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850 BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
AESCULAPIUS.....73, 139,176,221
& AFA/IFA.....548
ABEOKUTA.....173 AFA.....7,8,24,43,68,220,270,290,291
294 ,318,3 19,330,333,379,383,433,4
ABLA-MEJI.....563
87,518,532,536,539,542,548,551,552,
553,554,556,558,563,564,565,566,56
ABOLITIONISTS.....395,4 16
7,568,569,570,571,572,573,574,575,
577 578,579,580 ,581,582,583,584,5
ABOMEY.....366,382,383,384
85,586 587,588,589 ,590,591,60 3,610
ABOWA.....74
ARAVIS.=
551
ABYSSINIAN.....74,455
AFRICAN
DEITIES.....15,20,21,98,145,149, 160,16
ACROPOLIS.....580
5,194, 196,202,250 ,252,253,276,293,
406,407 ,457 ,460 ,463 ,465,478,484,4
ADAM. ....73,99, 180, 182,22 1,241,338,
568 87,490 602,618,630,640
ADAMA/ADIM.....99 AFRICAN
KING.....82,210,222,367,377,412,409,
ADANA.....98, 106
483,612
ADANGBE.....39,45,192,264,307,308, AFRICAN LANGUAGE

SURNVIVALSU...9'9 72,397
315,376,388,39 1,393,527 ,549,593
ADAPA.....45 AFRICAN /DIASPORA.....22,27 ,332,3

68,370,374,410,484,486,489 644
ADJA-TADO.....381
AFRIM.....53,104,105,106,179
ADJA.....56, 122,201,310 311,38 1,388,3
90,495,552,560 AFRO-ETRURIAN.....452
ADJAKPA.....495 AFRO-BABYLONIAN.....43, 113
ADONIS.....100,646 AFRO-CHALDEAN.....43, 128, 130,176,

184,185,203,244
ADONON.....385,386
AFRO-DRAVIDIAN.....81,173,454
AEGEAN SEA.....628
AFRO-EGYPTIAN.....51,445,454
INDEX
AFRO-ELAMITES....445 AKYEA.....112,
112
AFRO-SYRIANS.....44,62 EI ZZ Ae OP MOM an lis S235508

531,532,592,593,598,599,600,601,60
AFRO-PHOENICIANG..... 187 2,603,608,609,610,611,62 1,626
AGA DJA.....122,20 1,311,560 ALVA

ils 2676530
AGAJA.....382,385, 387,390 ALABAMA. .....368
AGAMESHS1.....515 ALABES.....630
AGASU.....382,383,384,385 ALAMA.....411
AGBANDOTO6.....509 ALAPINI.....378,378
AGBOGBOZAN.....509 ALAUNDJE.....560
AGBOM.....382 ALIGBONU.....382,384,385
AGONIE....447 ALLADA.....192,38 1,382,385,386,387
AGOUDASG.....388 ALOJ.....340,511
AGRICULTURE.....43, 127, 131,550 AMASUVIS.....515
AGRIGOM.....38 I AMA ZONG.....33,74, 122,128 ,134,138,

140, 197,198, 199,200,20 1,203,269,59
AHOLU/SAKPATA.....387,494,549 1,593,644
AHOLU.....359,386,387,494,549 AMENGANSIE.....1,36,37,41,43,44,59,
99,100, 176, 193,229,259,261,284,316,
AHOUGAN.....347,516,517 385,505,516,518,519,520,521,522,538
544 ,554,56 1,596,608
AIN-OMPHE.....99
AMENGANSIES.....36,44,261,284,316,
AJAYI.....546 5 16,5 18,520,521,554,56 1,608
AKABA.....385,385 AMMA.....25,48,50, 149, 164,170,194,

479,531,546,610,622
AKAN.....33,33,34,34,35,35,74,74,75,7
5,79,79, 113, 113, 115, 115,122,122, 151,151, AMON .....9,31,39,44,52 ,55,61,74,91,9
152, 152,261,261,265,265,271.271,307,3 7,99, 100,101, 102,104, 128,149,150, 15
07,308,308,3 15,315,318, 318,378,378,4 8,162,172, 187,189 ,199,202,206,208,2
54,454,473,473,548,548,549,549,593, 09,210,2 15,216,217,219,224,227,231,
593,622,622 233,24 1,244,247,249, 307 ,315,318,32
4,350 ,368,390,437,439,447,453,454,
AKKAD.....73,78,79,113,122,271 450,461,462,471,525,527,548,579,60
5,615,636,637,644
AKKADIANSG..... 113,271
AMPHIAREUS.....99
AKLA -MEJI.....563
AMPHRYSIA.....99
AK OVI.....60,60, 100, 100, 123, 123,285,2
85,3 16,316 ,332 ,332 337 ,337 342 ,342,3 ANAT.....38,46, 73,98, 102, 117, 137,139
60,360,509,509,599,599 ,155,159, 172, 176, 182,189, 195,217,222
,335,425,400,47 1,481,490,494,531,5
AKUETE.....24,289,290,29 1,292,298,29 88,592,599,600,607,636
9,300,30 1,302 303,304 ,305 306 ,307,3
18,319,320, 321,322,323,324,325,326 ANATH.....159, 182,222,494
AK UETE.....327,328,329,330,331,348,3
Soon ANCESTORS.....7, 11, 12, 13, 14,15, 16,21,
852 INDEX
24,32,44,50,51,60,63,66,75,82,95,98, | ANUBIS.....196
00, 105,116,120, 123, 130, 150, 151, 163,16
4,177,212,223,226,228,238,246,251,26 ANUKET.....51
2,272,288,290,29 1,292 ,293 294,299 ,3
02,303,304,305,306,3 11,312,3 14,319,3 APHION.....99,134
20,335,337,340,349,351,355,36 1,362,3
63,364,365,370,37 1,372,374,375,384, APHRODITE.....4,4, 112, 112,122,122, 12
395,396, 398,399,404, 406,409,410,41 9,129, 140,140 ,141,141,173,173, 197,19
8,420,42 1,425,431,433,440,444,447,4 7,315,315,334,334,476,476,477,477,
48,449,450,484,495,507,508,511,512, 528 ,528 ,600 ,G00 ,609 ,609 ,622,622,6
513,518,521,525,527,529°531,532 5536, 26,626,637,037
537,538,539,540,542,544,548,549,55
0,555,556,560,56 1,563,567,568,569,57 APIS.....44,73,139,276,447,457,466
1,573,574,575,578,58 1,586,587 593,59
9,602,612,623,626 APO-VODOU.....385
ANCESTRAL.....5,7,12,2 1,22,36,37 ,40,5 APOLLO.....101,101,102,102,109,109,1

1,71,79,86, 100,101,103, 106, 108,112,114 12,112,157,157, 187,187,190 ,190,195,1
118,120,122, 128,131,139,140,154,157,1 95,202,202,206,206,211,2 11,215,215,
64, 168, 172,173,176, 178 ,182,187,188, 19 ZAT217 229,229) 231,231,233,233,234
3,195,200,201,207,210,215,217,220,22 234,236 ,236 238,238,247 ,247 ,251,2
1,224,227 229,242 ,244 ,245,252,256,2 51,282,282,450,450,451,451,612,612,
59,2061,269,276,280,288,29 1,292,293, 637,637
295,299 300,305,307 ,308,3 13,315,318,
321,322,332,340,34 1,355, 358,363,369, APOSTASY.....105, 185,214,253
373,375,376,385,386,39 1,398,399 400
,409,410,421,438,444,447,448,450,45 APOSTATE: 33105
4,457,46 1,463,473,477 ,478 ,481,484,4
86,488,490,493,499,5 12,517 ,518,525,5 APPRENTICESHIP.....341,555
26,52 7,52 9553 1,533,035 ,050,091 D385
39,542,544,545,563,565,567,568,509, APSU....48,53, 118
571,573,574,583,586,587 593,594,599
,600,602,606,608,609,623,632,639,64 AQUATIC.....42,43
2,044,646
AR-THEMIS.....100, 122, 135, 136, 137, 13
ANCESTRY.....8, 172,30 2,396,569 ,604 ,6 8, 140, 146, 147,196, 197,199,20 1,233,4
44 59,636,641
ANCHOR.....12,591,623,642 ARAB.....20,53,56,99, 104,114,122,125

141, 143, 153,228,234,251,269,293,32
ANCIENT 2,429,478,487,528,529,531,561,577,
MESOPOTAMIA.....37,41,55,59,73,77, 580,592,593,594,596,597,598,599,60
78,79,98,99,122,337,592,609,621 1,602,603,604,605,625
ANDROGYNOUSG.....53,72,581,622 ARABIA.....53,99, 114,122,125, 143,429

,528,580 592,597,603
ANGLICIZED.....46,453,630
ARABIAN.....53
ANGOLA. ....397
ARABIC.....20,56 1,601
ANIMALS.....137,185,2 13,256,288 ,322,
394,499,501,516,622 ARABS....99,99, 104,104, 141,141,153, 1
53,251,251,528,528,529,529,531,531,
ANKUET.....52 561,561,577,577,593,593,598,598,59
9,599,60 1,60 1,602,602,604,604,605,
ANNEDOTUS.....53 605,625,625
ANOINTING.....110,453 ARGOS.....61,61,81,8 1, 184, 184, 185,18

5,188, 188,194,194 ,215,215,608,608,6
ANTHRO POLOGISTS.....26,30,49,260, 23,623,636,636,642,642
293,376,383,443,444,479,516,560
ARK.....2,3,10,
11, 12, 15,18, 19,20,22,29,
853 INDEX
37,41,45,51,58,63,66,70,71,97,98,100, ASTROLOGY.....66, 101, 131,133,224,2

104,106, 112,117,118, 132,133,142,148,15 53,446,600,613,617,626
6,160,176, 177,184, 185,188, 189,196,20
9,212,213,225,243,249,254,257,265,28 ASTRONOMERS.....203,269,561,601
4,285,286,287,288,294,312 348 ,3593
97,417,418,419,431,439,440,445,448, ASTRO NOMY......50,53,99, 192, 194,25
452,466,467,484,486,534,540,548,55 3,268,446,626
2,565,577,583,596,608,614,618,625
ATAGATIS.....197,445
ARMY.....198,20 1,209,390
ATERGATIS.....8,8,38,38,44,44,45,45,
ARTEMIS.....112, 112,142,142, 148, 148,19 52,52,53,53,55,55,62,62,65,65,69,69,
1, 191,196,196,233,233,235,235,238,238 101,101,102,102,114,114,124,124,129,1
,245,245,641,6041 29,136, 136,173,173,176,176,3 15,315,4
81,48 1,599,599,600,600,602,602,60
ARTHUR.....29, 112 6,606,608,608,635,635,637 637,638,
638 ,639,639,640 640,64 1,641,646,64
ARYAN/IRANIAN..... 102 6
ARYAN.....71,73, 102,104, 141, 148,149, 1 ATHENA. ....134,199,201,207,219,250,

52,156,160, 163,172, 197,217,218,252,28 316
7,317,460,571,620
ATHENE.....99,99, 100, 100, 101,10 1, 102
ASANTE.....307,308 , 102,122, 122, 173, 173, 182, 182,613,613,
630,630
ASHTORETH.....140, 197,206,622,635
ATHENIAN .....132,200,580,628
ASVAG-20;,20533; 99:91, 31539, 39193559;
54,54,61,61,69,69,71,71,99,99,104,104, ATHENIANS.....200.
114,114,118, 118,122,122,124,124,125, 12
5,127,127,134, 134,136, 136,139,139, 151, ATHENS.....125, 143, 196,198,199 ,201,2
ISIUSZ 1521535153), 155 155,102, 16Z 16 05,211,213,248,254,256,417,451,466,
3,163,186, 186,188, 188, 192,192,195, 195, 580,629
198, 198,215,215,216,216,219,2 19,220,2
20,228,228,230,230,231,231,234,234, ATHOR.....37,44,55,58,59,62,97,102,
235,235,237,237,240,240,246,246,251 122,197,489,598 636,637,641
,251,254,254,264,264,268,268,269,26
9,287,287,315,315,4 15,4 15,436,436,44 ATIKE.....514,623
8,448,455,455,460,460,466,466,476,
476,478,478,505,505,570,570,571,571 ATLANTA.....398,441,511
,595,595,597,597,605,605,612 612,618
,618,627,627,638,638 ATRAHASIS-TABLET.....36
ASIATIC?
=. 53,69571,995152 ATRAHASIS.....36,47,95
ASIATICS....99 ATTAKPAMI.....388
ASSYRIANS.....65,65, 104,104,105, 105, 1 ATTIS.....58,58, 100,100 ,124,124,125,1

13,113,114,114,141,141,200,200,216,2 16 Za ASU MSI ISS NSS 2M GZ1t 2212 21,
,268,268, 30 1,30 1,57 1,57 1,638,638 38, 338,448,448 ,607,607
ASTARTE.....69,76,80 ,82, 134,142,143, 1 ATUM......105, 179, 193,259,370 ,378,38

57, 182,199,206,208,237,446,447,469, 0,388
477,478,48 1,600 602,622,636
AUGUSTA. ....25,209,354,356,4 14,505
ASTEROTH..... 142,157,447 544,632,644
ASTROLOGERG.....130,269,531,561,595 AUM.....44,55,97,101, 102,104 ,211,215

,601 ,507
ASTROLOGICAL.....72, 101, 137,139,452 AUN.....12,46,288,379,433,560,57

3,6
,592,599,612,621 15
854 INDEX
AUSO.....176,516 BA BYLONIA.....43,49,53,78, 113, 141,1

84,208,221,224,446,448,494,609
AVATAR.....65, 155,176, 193,334,452,45
6,459,508 BABYLONIAN.....43,43,49,49,53,53,7
8,78, 113,113, 141,141, 184, 184,208,208
AVEDJI-DAN .....98, 161 221,22 1,224,224 446,446,448 ,448,4
94,494
AW OAM EFIAS.....391
BACCHANTIES....579
AW USSA.....8,8, 101,101, 102,102,114, 11
4,119,119, 122,122,129,129,149, 149,155, BACCHUS .....128, 162, 176, 182,269,636
ISS 1565156 5157,157,159 too oa; kL ,639,641
6,176,267 267,318,318 ,334,334,395,39
5,477,477,48 1,481,484,484,496,496,5 BACCUS..... 100
28,528,529,529,530,530,53 1,531,592,5
92,593,593,594,594,598,598,599,599, BAETYLUS=299
60 1,60 1,602,602,606,606,607 ,607,60
8,608 ,609,609,611,611,612,612,616,616 BAMBINO......281,453,454,460,619
,621,621,622,622,623,623,626,626,627
,627,629,629,631,631 BAPTISM......446,451
AN Teel fA AIZ 126,13,0, 1505212,

243 725 BASCOM.....591
0,291,351,355,359,362,385,388,395,41
1,417,437,462,486,503,511,517,528,53 BASTIDE.....393,396
0,538,546,548 563,570 ,603 ,606,613,6
23,627,603 1,632 BAYIKPE.....570
AYIDO-WEDO.....503,517,548,563,613, BEADS.....511,531
627,631,632
BEASEY.--2590
AYIGBES...9720
BECK WITH....516
AYINOU.....385
BEEHIVE.....106
AYIVI.....411
BEGGING. ....126,223,284
447
AYIZAN.....112
BELISAMA..... 141
AYIZO.....388
BENIGBE....570
AYONOUS.....388
BENIN.....39,68,87,206,261,288 ,306,3
AZE.....29, 132,133,142,148,159, 163,209 10,311,34 1,363,366,369,374,375,376,
,223,232,266,288,290,295,296,319,361 385, 387,388,390,411,439,525,591,60
,373,413,423,433,455,475,598,612 6,632,639,643
AZIZA.....212 BERGIN.....411
BERNARD.....112,411,591,640
BEROSSUS.....53
BI-SEXUAL..... 182,581,583
BABALAW O6S.....470,517,560
BI-RACIAL.....569
BABYLON.....43,43,49,49,53,53,78,78,
99,99 ,113,113,122,122,134,134,139,139, BIBLE.....104, 105, 180, 188,189,230,232
141,141,148, 148, 151,151,162, 162, 184,18 ,233,253,266,446,455,468,476
4,192,192,208,208,221,221,224,224,22
8,228,237,237,262,262 ,271,271,424,4 BIBLICAL.....20,63,130, 136,141,200,20
24,446,446,448 448 464,464,478,478 2,205,2 12,2 18,233,252,262,284,287,
,494,494,531,531,595,595,609,609,635 316,349,423,453,462,468,469,608,6
,635,636,636
855 INDEX
25 BLACK-HEADED PEOPLE.....48
BIGOTRY .....27,27,30,30,294,294,4
15, BLACKNESS.....159, 160,427 ,481,484
415,483,483,581,58 1
BLIER.....31,367,384,385,388,411,412
BINDU.....51
BLO OD......5,10,11,14,15,18,19,22,24,3
BINI....9,91 7,39,40,57,60,73,95, 101, 106, 122, 124,
134,150,158, 159,164,177,179, 185,206,
BINU.....51 214,216,220,227,261,284,287,290,29
1,292,293,294,295,296,297,298,299,
BIO-SPIRITUAL.....374 300 ,301,302,303,304,305,306,307,3
08,309,3 10,311,312,3 13,314 ,315,3 16,3
BIO-GENETICALLY.....21 I7ESi185319532 0,321, 322,32:5,52 4.525.
320, 9216 323,329;,330,381,552,955;59
BIOGENETIC.....20,262,369 4,335,336,337,338,339,340,341,342,
343,344,345 346,347 ,348 349 ,350,3
BIOLOGICAL.....123,200,29 1,369 ,374,4 51,352,353,354,355,356,357,358,359,
10,435,506,507,568,569,572,580,583, 360,36 1,362,363,364,365,366,367,36
588 8, 370,37 1,373,382,384,390,393,396,
397 ,435,448 ,451,460,483,489,499,5
BIRTH-RIGHT.....21,21,441,441,481,481 05,507,517,531,532,544,567,568,569
571,572,594,595,596,599 ,604 ,607 ,6
BIRGHES.. 78,1051 2 14 16521,23,3.7,38 12,028,044
,42,48,49,51,55,50,57,58,59,67,70,72,
TB58295,9 1,98, 100,1027,1285137,155; 15 BLOODLINE.....382,483,568,569,572,
8,179, 188, 190, 196,202,228,229,237,23 644
8,254,265, 30 1,306,307 ,316,318, 336,36
9,370,37 1,373 374,375,377 ,381,384,4 BLOODLINES. ....483,568,569
21,425,441,449,451,460,469,471,472,
481,487,489,500,507,508,5 14,515,517, BOKONO/(BABALAWO).....572
548,550,560,563,505,566,567,568,572
,583,584,585,601,608,609,622,627,63 BOKONO/BOKOVI/AFAVI.....556,55
5) 8
BIRTHED.....7, 11,55, 155,179,265,563,60 BOKONO.....24,290,291,299 ,319,331,

8 358,429,470,517,518,551,552,554,55
5,550,557 ,558 ,559,560,561,562,565,5
BISI....439 GZ:
BLACK -VENUS.....112,2 11,622 BOKONOS/BA BALAWOB6.....517
BLACK BOKONOS.....470,517,551,561,562,56
AMAZONG.....122, 128, 134, 140, 198, 199 5
,200,201,269,644
BONES.....4,257,269,553,559
BLACK COLOR OF ANCIENT
BOSIKPON.....385
BLACK BOWLI.....570
DI-ANA.....115,139,140,141,144,145,146
,147, 189, 199,200,201,229,233,234,236 BOY/CHILD.....454
,245,246,247,268,269,271,315,447,45
9,462,476,576,636 BRAHMINS.....150, 152,154,
157, 162,16
3,172,268
BLACK
VENUS.....133,140,149,157,602,629,637 BRASIL.....582
BLACK -CANAANITES.....52 BRAZIL.....312,369,376
BLACK-DIANA.....119,122,64 1 BRITAIN.....33,7
1,130
856 INDEX
BRITISH .....56,56,57,57,64,64 ,69,69,71, CASSIUS.....112

71,102,102,110, 110,126, 126, 150,150,25
6,256,266 ,266,27 1,27 1,288,288 ,30 1,30 CAT-JAH.....112
1,313,313,425,425,428,428,453,453,45
5,455 CATHOLICISM....445
BRON ZE.....47,62 ,82, 106, 136,142,159, 1 GADIF-2-3;10519;25:2.6,529'33,39, 52,0
98,200,238,278,452,629,634,635,643 9,70,99, 100, 106,112, 120,125, 126,128,
134,136,141, 142,154,182,190,192,202,
BROOKLYN.....296,402 205,206,207,2 12,2 13,220,229,233,23
7,253,260,261,269,280,286, 301,304,
BROSSES.....96 306,315,317,323,333,341,351,355,362
,384 ,391,398,403,425,432,436,437,4
BUBU-TUBI....570 41,451,452,456,459,476,480,488,50
8,511,5 12,513,528 ,536,546,548,556,5
BUDDHA.....73,73,115,115,130, 130,152, 66,570,57 1,582,585,586,588,59 1,599
152,153,153, 154,154,155, 155,158,158, 16 ,608,612,613,619,627,628,643,646
2,162,168, 168,172,172,191,191,252,252,
334,334,479,479,613 613,617,617 CAUCASUSG.....71,198,201
BUD DHISM.....16,375,454,617,618 CAURIES (COWRIES).....149
BUDGE.....29,349,548 CE-MEJI.....563
BURIAL.....176,4 18,446,450 ,454,567,5 CECROPS.....52,580
73
CELEBRATIONS.....58,100, 125, 126, 141
BURIED.....22,54, 104, 106,176, 196,28 1,2 ,176,256,340,373,509,5 16,532,600,6
82,453,454,490 08,638
BURKINA....49,311,391,525 CELESTIAL..... 18,38,42,45,64,66,69,7 1

,74,83,97 ,98,99, 101,115, 131,159, 192,2
BURKINO FASO......39,264,306,369 08,224,268,269,318,378,460,549,55
0,608,610 ,626,636,637
BYZANTIUM..... 134,277 ,455,458,460,
466,598,607 CEREMONIES.....20,51,58,60,82,95, 10
0,116,125, 139,157, 161,163, 190,206,24
5,254,280 ,284,290,300,303,304,305
,323,330,331,335,340,34 1,360,361,36
Cc 4,371,372,393,395,396,419,445,447,
508,514,519,521,522,523,539,561,573
,578 ,584 ,585 ,602 ,603,610,622,628,6
CA MBRIDGE.....89, 112 36,644
CAM BYSES.....464 CERES.....67,67,100,100 ,122,122,127,1
27,128,128 129,129, 130, 130,13 1,131,1
CANAANITES.....52,76, 122,157, 180,20 32,132, 133,133,149, 149,197,197,256,2
3,259,316,494,602,636,643,644 56,268,268,285,285,449 449,450,45
0,496,496,576,576,608,608,622,622,
CARETAKER....44,385,517 626,626,641,641
CARICATURES.....399 CERTAIN.....14,42,99, 102, 104, 187,227
245 ,248 ,260 ,269 ,284 ,291,299,300,3
CARIO.....317,479 23,326,328,331,333,335,336,354,374,
394,416,431,437,454,481,505,507,51
CARMEL..... 106 5,517,540 544 551,556,562 ,610,6 12,6
18,621,631
CAROLINA.....394,40 1,432
CER VIX.....97,99, 106, 115
CARTOMANCY.....514
CHAIR.....158,348,449,452
CASSIORE:...
112
857 INDEX
CHALDEAN.....43,43,72,72, 128,128, 13 ,152,155, 159, 163,176,178, 180, 181,186,

0,130,153,153,162,162,176,176,179,179, 188,200,202,203,205,208,212,213,21
184,184,185,185,195, 195,203,203,208, 7,22 1,223,224 ,230 ,231,2 32,2 33,236,2
208,236,236,237,237,244,244,253,25 37,238,239,241,242,243,244,245,246
3,268,268,269,269,270,270,27 1,271,2 247 ,248 ,249 250 251,252,253 ,254,2
73,273,284,284,316,316,436,436,443, 57,260,261,264,265,268,276,279,28
443,446,446,449,449,469 469,478,47 0,281,283,287,291,293,295,296,302,
8,531,531,561,561,595,595,644,644,64 303,304 306,334 338,349 ,371,373,37
5,045 5,379,392,395 ,397,398,399,400,40 1,
403,409,413,415,416,417,418,419,42
CHA MINA DE.....24 0,427,428,433,435,437 438,443,444
,445 446,447 449,450 ,451,453,454,4
CHA MPOLLION.....56,57 55,456,457 ,459,460,461,462,464,46
6,468,469,47 1,472,473,478,479,482,
CHANTING.....447 485,486,493,511,532,545,547,557,55
8,565,57 1,577,580,596,597,598,601,
CHAPEL.....142,273,274 275,283 ,348 ,4 619,630,631,640
3
CHRISTIAN.....6,13,16,20,33,39,40,44
CHAPLAINS.....513 55,56 62,63 82,95, 104,105,112 ,126,1
30, 132,138,140, 141,142,145, 150,152,1
CHARISTICS.....447 55,159, 163,176, 178 ,180, 18 1,186, 188,2
00,20 2,203,205,208 ,212,213,217,221,
CHARITY.....100, 142,314,447 223,224,230,231,232,233,236,237,23
8,239,242,243,244,245,246,247 248,
CHATELAIN.....397 249,250,251,252,253,257,260,261,26
5,268,276,279,280,283,287,291,293,
CHATTEL-SLAVERY.....372,530 295,296,302,303,304,306,338,371,37
3,375,379,392,395,397 398,399,400,
CHATTEL.....178,260 368,370 372,418, 401,403,409,413,415,416,417,418,41
529,530,534,539 9,420 ,427,428,433,437 438,443,444
445,446,447 449,450 ,451,453,454,4
CHERUB.....73,449 55,450,457,459,460,461,462, 464,46
6,468,469,472,473,478,482,485,486
CHESI.....103,298,476
,516 ,493,511,532,547,557,558,565,571,57
7,580,596,597 ,598 ,60 1,6 19,630,63 1,6
CHEZ.On 40
CHICAGO.....70,148,294,367,412 CHRISTIANIZED.....56,178,205,231,25
2,303,416,428,445
CHIEF.....100, 103,124,125, 131,158, 191,2
00,2 10,235,259 ,262,283,3 11,313,322,3 CHURCH.....63,107 , 132, 138,142 ,143,1
81,382,384 ,386,388,391,403,424,516, 45,176,183,200,202,207,217,220,221
518,599,602 ,222,223,225,227,229,239,240,24 1,2
42,243,244,246,249,250,253,254,25
CHIEFS.....210,384,388,39 | 5,256,257,259,260,261,277,279,280,
281,283,284,286,287,288,302,327,3
CHILD.....13,31,40 ,43,46,56,57,58,70,7 29,338 ,348,349,392,396,398 415,419
2,74,93,95, 120,130, 139,153, 161,185,20 ,420,428,435,437,446,447,448,449,
9,224,229,238,281,290,291,294, 303,31 45 1,452,453,454,455,456,458,459,46
0,314, 333,338,348,376,389,393,4 18,41 0,461,462 464,466 ,467,468 ,469,47 |,
9,425,427,428,44 1,443 445,453,454 ,4 472,473,476,516,631
60,469 ,48 1,486,488 490,526,527,534,
539,548,557 ,560,568,571,572,577,578 CHURCHES..... 107,132, 138,143, 183,20
,583,584,585,595,615,619,62 1,622,644 2,242 ,279,280 286,302,392 ,396,398,
415,419,420,447,4061,462,466,472,47
CHOSEN.....43,55,57,73,126,222,252,4 3
53,506,562,566,572
CLAIRAUDIENCE.....514
CHRIST.....6, 13, 16,20,33,39,40,44 ,55,5
6,62,63,67 ,82,89,95 96,104,105, 112,12 CLAIRVOYANCE.....514,55 1,552
6,130, 132,138,140, 141,142, 145,148, 150
858 INDEX
CLEANSINGS.....354,509 477,506,507 ,516,517,553,559,638
CLEOPATRA.....57,59,95,96,208 CONSEQUENCES.....326,377,512,587
CLERGY .....22,73, 106, 141,209,241,242, CONSTANTINE.....143,145,245,246,4

245,284,286,337,350,373,399,420,44 51,453,455
3,453,507 ,549,567 586,587,639
CONSTANTINOPLE.....246
CLERICS.....241,244,249,287,332,397,4
03 CONSTITUTION.....247,398
CLOTHILDE.....368 COPTIC.....41,57,97, 153,455,460
CO-CREATRESS....48 CORCYRA.....112
COBRA.....60,7 1,75, 137 CORINTH.....4,130, 132,140,194, 196,2

00,218,224,254,462
COLLEGE.....89,207,446,449,639
CORNUCOPIA.....56,600,612,616
COLONIAL.....39,40,99, 102,153, 176,20
2,228,247,259,261,288,3 12,313,314,36 COSMOGENETIC.....7,39,7 1,164,293,3
4,365,375, 390 ,391,392,393,403,4 11,41 69,374,391,395,408,409,4 10,413,477
5,419,420 425,429 ,460 ,473,527 ,534,5 ,489 ,507 ,526,533,535,537,544,569,6
37,565,570,57 1,585,594 44
COLONIALISM.....202,313,411,415,420 COSMOGENETICALLY .....39,39,71,71,

,425,570,571 369,369,395,395,410,410,477,477,53
5,535,544,544,644,644
COMMAN DERS.....195,219,513
COSMOGONIES.....375
COMMISSION ER....411
COSMOGON Y.....18, 177,300 391,421,
CONE..... 106,268,452 472,476,490 549,568
CONFEDERATION .....54,54, 100, 100, 11 COSMOLOGICAL.....18,42,45,51, 136,

2,112,193,193,194,194,197,197,203,203 215,318,376,377,391,433,444,454,48
1,489,527,574,575,582,587
CONFESSION.....446
COSMOLOGY.....7,8, 12,14,45,51,129,1
CONGO.....39,86,311,315,369,376,473, 56,159, 165,179,224 335,368 369,378,
639 406,407 ,444 445,482,499 ,526,547,5
48 ,549,550,556,565,566,567,569,57 1
CONGREGATE.....516 ,572,575,5706,582,583,585
CONICAL.....98 COTONOU.....382
CONJURATION.... 404,438 COURT.....47,112,269,377 ,381,383,45

3
CONJURING.....395
COVENANT.....37,608
CON QUERORS.....105,156,2 18,579
COW .....56,66,122,149,163,165,182,32
CON QUESTS.....102,377,379,460 2,489,552,559,623,630 636,642
CONSCIOUS.....220,328,363,372,565,5 COWRIE.....66, 149, 163,165, 182,489,5

66,568,583,584 52,559,630
CONSCIOUSNESS.....372,565,566,568, COW RIES.....149,163, 165,489,559

583
CREATOR.....36,41,51,71,154, 158,416,
CONSECRATED.....36,37 ,51,73,97,99, 1 484,627,631
06,130,188,209,280 392 393,394,418,
859 INDEX
CREATRESS.....48,69, 159,318 CYBELE.....38,38 ,69,69,76,76,81,81,10

0,100,102 ,102,122,122,125,125, 158, 15
CREATURES....49,55,2 13,499 8,189, 189,191,191, 197,197,229,229,23
5,235,315,315,395,395,445,445,451,4
CRESCENT.....56,56,7 1,71,76,76,79,79, 51,579,579,607,607,635,635
99,99, 159,159,185, 185,316,316,554,554
,600 ,600,616,616,622,622,623,623 CYCLE.....72,73, 100, 188, 190,219,268,
209,449,621
CRETE.....28,29,40,80,81,122,128,194,1
96,288,348,460,505,593,597,626,636, CYCLES.....73, 100, 188, 190,2 19,268,26
637,639,646 9,021
CROSSROADS.....573 CYCLIC....51,189,244
CROWN.....20,30,37,38,43,44,55 60,6 CYMBALS.....56

2,75,78 81,123,128, 134,137,154, 155,18
9,197,208,214,233,272,360,361,452,45 CYPRUS.....140,637
6,483,548 ,562,582,612,619,638,644
DA-A DAN GBE.....39,45,307,3 15,376,
CROW NED.....20,37,44,55,62,75,81, 12 S27,
3,128, 197,208,233,272,360,361,452,48
3,562,638 ,644
CROWNG.....38,44, 123,137,189
D
CRUCIFIED.....51,248,284,287,455,407,
468,639 DA-ON.....46
DA(N).....613,627
CUBA......236,369,37 1,459
DA ABGO/AHOUGAN.....517
CUDJO.....368
DADA.....379,563
CUJjO.....368
DAG-AUN.....46
CULTURE.....6, 14, 18,27,29,31,37,40,43,
51,70,71,81,95,99, 105, 113, 115,123,127,1
DAG-ON.....45,46
31,152,156, 158,164,176,177,179, 192,19
3,194 ,201,202,205,209,222,234,259,2
DAGON.....38,45
60,264,277 ,286,288,30 1,308,317,348,
358, 369,370,37 1,372,374,377,378,379
DAGON .....46,52,66,75,637,638,643,
,383,391,395,397,398,407,409,410,41
7,418,421,427,432,438,444,448,454,4 644,646
58,459,463,468,469,475,476,477,478,
DAHOMEAN.....122,201,311,312,369,
479,480,48 1,482 ,483,485,487,490,52
375,376,377,378,379, 38 1,382,383,38
7,536,550 ,570 ,571,573,576,577,578,5
4,385 ,386,387,388,389,390,4 11,509,
79,580,582,586,588,592,599,604,605,
SY¥/DL39)|
611,612,618,620,626
DAHOMEANS.....378 ,379 ,385 ,387 ,3
CUMEA.....106, 113,2 12,233,237,257,28
88,389
0,284,446,447,471
DAHOMEY.....68,68,87,87,119, 119,12
CUMEAN.....106,106, 113, 113,212,212,25
0,120, 158, 158, 173,173,201,201,215,21
7,257,280,280,284,284,471,471
5,367,367 ,368,368,375,375,376,376,
377,377,379 ,379,380,380,38 1,38 1,38
CURETES2:..126,638 2,382,383,383,384,384,385,385,386,
386,388,388, 389,389,390 390,39 1,39
CUSHITES..... 158, 163, 189,455,593 1,412,412,428,428,494,494,579,579,
591,591
CUSTOMS.....70,99, 18 1,202,221,246,26
0,26 3,280,364,375,397,419 444,450 ,4
DAKO-DONOU.....385
70,570,571,573,605
DALE
Gr Oo so-
8060 INDEX
DAN-SISSINON.....45 96,197 229,288
DAN-HOM.....382 DELPHI....44,44,56,56,99,99,100,100,
101,10 1,105,105,115, 115,129,129, 131,1
DANCES.....51,337,434 31,186 ,186, 187, 187 , 188, 188, 190, 190,1
91,191,192,192,194,194,229,229,231,2
DANGBE.....39,45, 192,264,307 ,308,31 31,233,233,236,236,246,246,252,252,
0,315,376,388,389,391,393,527,549,56 275,275,288,288,450,450
85595
DELTA.....74
DANH.....367,384,388,4 11,412,563
DEMETER.....38,38,61,61,67 ,67,81,81,1
DAN HOLOSSOU.....563 00, 100, 122,122,123, 123,127,127,128,1
28,129,129, 130, 130, 131, 131,132, 132,19
DANHOM.....367 7,197,199, 199,2 15,2 15,3 15,3 15,395,39
5,445,445,450,450,451,451,456,456,
DANHOM.....384,411,412 462,462,579,579,613,613,628,628,63
8,638,639,639,64 1,641
DANIEL....24,238,446,477
DEMON .....12,78,79,94, 159, 161,180,2
DAPHNE TREE.....132,280 02,212,217,223,229,240,252,255,256
,257 ,261,28 3,28 4,30 1,302 349,350 ,3
DAPHNE.....132,134,236,280 73,390,397,398,404,4 11,420 421,423
,431,433,436,461,482,514 540 ,557,6
DARKNESS.....287,288,417,445 21
DEA JANA..... 140 DEMONIC.....223,373,398,431
DEATH ....8,51,58, 72, 73,96,112,132, 159 DEMOTIC....41

,160, 16 1,182, 183,188,190, 196, 199,210,2
12,219,233,237,242,245,247,248,250, DENDERA.....58,59
254,268,271,295,296,299,307 319,330
,377,400,4 13,4 18,432,437,448,449,45 DENSU.....8,46,67, 123, 156, 173,176,31
3,462,468,47 1,494 507 ,518,542,565,5 8,350,484,517,632,638,64 1,643,644,
67,568,569 ,570,572,573,577,581,598, 645,646
603,604,612,613,039
DER-KETO.....44,635,641,646
DEITIES.....8,13,14,15,20,2 1,22,37,38,39
42,43,51,52,71,72,98,99, 101,102,109, 1 DERCETO.....55,124,636,637,640
12,114, 116,122,128, 145,146, 149,156, 160
,163,164,165,172,186,190, 193,194,196, 1 DESTINIES.....190,555,560,612
97 ,200,202,205,213,224,226,246,250,
252,253,260,276,290,293,294 302,30 DESTINY.....7,10,228,234,259,270,29
4,305,315,316,318,334,335,337,355,36 0,294 ,333,362,379,469,508,511,512,5
8,369,370,37 1,372 ,374 ,376 ,378 379 ,3 13,531,538,551,552,553,554,555,556,
83,389,390,394,395,397 ,398,400,406, 557,558,559,560,561,562,563,564,56
407,408,418,420,434,443,457 459,46 55500550 7,508:5697570/571,572,573,
0,463,465,476,477,478,48 1,484 ,485,4 574,575,577,578,579,580,58 1,582,58
87,488,489 ,490,493,496,499,505,506 3,584,585,586,58 7,588 589,590 ,591,
907,508, 512,513,514,515,518,531,532, 599,600,610,611,614
538,544,545,547,554,555,563,574,575
586,587,588 ,592,593,594,595,596,59 DESTROYER.....56,69,73,133,158,159,
7,598,599,600,60 1,602 ,603 604 ,605,6 618,628,641
06,607,608,609,6 10,611,6 12,613 ,614,6
15,616 ,617,6 18,619 620 621,622,623 ,6 DESTRUCTION.....37, 112,159, 180, 188,
24,625,626 ,627,628,629,630,631,632, 190,200,208,2 18,219,222,227,236,24
633,634,635 636,637,638 ,639,640,641 3,246,247 ,250,257,260,287,288,415,
,042,644,645,6460,647 421,453,462,466,469,476,558,639
DEKKAN.....55 DEUCALION..... 100
DELOS.....97,100,115, 185, 186,188,192, 1 DEUTERONOMY..... 105,446
861 INDEX
DI-VA-JANA.....140 DIVINITIES.....50,60, 136,196 ,202,211,2

13,22 1,224,239,249,284,425,431,440
DI-JANA, (SANSCRIT).....140 444,452,517,60 1,616,643
DI-IONE.....140 DJETOVI.....388
DI-MEJI.....563 DJIR.....590
DIAMETRICALLY.....558 DJISI.....560
DIANA.....100,119, 122, 136, 138,144, 147, DO DONA.....99,99, 100,100, 101, 101, 1
265,641 58, 158, 186, 186, 18 7, 187 , 188, 188, 191, 1
91,192,192,233,233,249,249,288,288
DIASPORA.....6,7,10, 11,13, 14,15,
16, 19,2
0,21,22,23,27,29,32 ,39,40,57,95,123,1 DOGON.....49,49,50,50,51,51,95 95,1
56,164,178, 181,202,227 ,240 ,260 ,261,2 15,115,116, 116,261,261
62,284,288,290,293,295,299,30 1,305,
311,312,317,332,338,355,362,368,370, DOGUICIMI.....367
371,372,373,374,375,380,386,39 1,394,
395 ,396,399,403,404,408,409,410,42 DOKON.....385
0,42 1,440 ,441,444,469,472,473,477,4
81,484,485,486,487 488,489,493,499 DOLPHIN.....56,67,74,406,623
,511,512,516,525,533,537,539,540,542,
544,545,568,571,572,573,574,575,586 DOLPHINS.....67,406,623
,592,600,623,641,644
DORIAN.....52,52,76,76,99,99, 132,13
DIET.....79,241,245,454,58 1,635,643 2,211,2 11,216,2 16,264,264,427,427,4
49, 449,580,580 ,639,639
DINER.....194,195, 204,580
DORIANS.....52,211,580
DIODORUBG.....128,249,580,602
DORSON.....406,407
DIONY SUS....58, 100, 109, 122,137,162,1
76,210,217 ,221,224,269,338,599,602,6 DOUENTZA....49
08,628,636,639
DOVE.....96,96, 101, 101,106,106, 110,11
DISEAS Ea195)219)30:4°3231825539339 OMIM Z ZS IS i Sk, hol loos.
65,468,494,570,58 1 39,14 1,141,182, 182,185,185, 186, 186,1
87,187,208, 208,215,215,221,22 1,230,
DIVERT.....562 230 ,233,233,275,275,594 594 ,602,6
02,635,635,638,638,642,642
DIVINATION .....7,43,60, 101,134,142, 16
3,207,208,2 10,2 11,212,213,217,231,237 DOVES.....106,106, 110,110, 111,111,131,
,245,248,253,257,269,270,280,285,33 131,139, 139,141,141, 186,186, 187,187,2
6,353,379,383,429,446,478,487,507,5 08,208,2 15,2 15,221,221,230,230,233,
08,5 13,516,517,544,548,551,555,559,5 233,002 ,602,642,642
61,562,569,589,59 1,60 1,610,623
DRAGON .....45,72,129,496
DIVINATIONS......60, 134, 142,2 17,280,5
13 DRAVIDIAN.....54,71,81,82,95,97,105
, 138, 139, 152, 156, 172, 173,228,288,45
DIVINER.....43,99,195,203,207,228,232 4,501,628,044,645
,236,238,245,267,269,270,300,334,33
5,377,379,390,415,428 429 449 ,469,5 DRAVIDIANS.....54,54,95,95, 105,105,
06,511,514,515,531,532,536,552,553,55 138, 138, 139, 139, 172,172,644,644
4,555,560 ,561,566,584,595,606,608,6
37 DREAM -EPIPHANY.....396
DIVINERS.....99, 195,203,207 ,228,232,2 DUK WO.....568

45,269,270 ,334,377,379,390,415,428,
506,511,514,515,53 1,532,560 ,561,595,6
06,608
INDEX
72,173,176, 182,186,187 ,188,192,193,1

94,196,197,198,200,201,202,203,204
,206,208,211,214,216,217,218,219,221
223,224,234 ,239 244,247 ,249,251,2
EARTH GOD.....626,642 54,259,260 ,261,264,265,268,269,280
,300 ,301,3 15,338,379,394,424,436,4
EASTER.....39,44,51,59, 150, 152,313,350 45,446,447 449,450,451,453,454,46
,376,396,440,447,579,603,612,636,63 4,465,466,472,490,494,496,527,528,
7 547,548,561,592,593,595,601,605,61
2,6 16,6 18,626,629,635,637 644,646
EASTERN.....39,44 51,59, 150, 152 ,313,3
50,376,396,440,579,603,612,636,637 EJACULATION..... 102
ECCLESIASTICA L.....16,37,38,39, 129,17 ELAMITE.....46,54,7 1,81,82,97,128, 13
6,188, 192,22 1,222,228 ,250,253,288,4 9,151,152,155,156,158,161,163,165,172
44,445,452,464 , 173,176, 186, 195, 196,197 ,220,235,26
0,445,446,450 ,454,460,56 1,609,628,
EDEURZ5S 644
EDO.....12,14,29,31,53,57,74,95, 104, 114 ELA MITES.....54, 139, 151,158, 172,186,4
,123,181,203,206,213,217,221,225,245, 45,644
270,369, 372,383,395,409,420 422,42
3,437,438,448,454,457,464,486,503,5 ELDERS....49,108,260,360,403,415,4
17,540,545,548 ,551,563,569,57 1,584,5
28,508
92,593,600 ,613,622,627,631,632,644
ELLIS.....29,212,382,395,441
EFFEMINACY.....576,579
EMPIRES. ....136, 190,216,260,332,365,
EFFEMINATE....576,578,579
369/593, 597
EGAN..... 14, 15,40,41,55,74, 100, 101,102
ENKI.....48,636
, 138,145,176, 177,179, 190, 194, 195,214,
215,216,217,218,220,221,224,225,229,
ENKIL.....48
242,243,244,245,246,247,248,255,26
0,264,277,287,288,292,306,310 ,317,3
ENLIGHTENMENT.....42
21,32 3,327,330,33 1,348 ,362,371,394,3
99,400,401,411,418,444,458,462,475,
ENLIL....48
529,571,579,596,605,618,620,631,635,
644
ENNEAD.....50,51,95
EGBE.....225,332,346,347,359,361,362,
516,551,560,562,565,576,577,601 ENSLAVED.....7,11,13,15, 118,177 ,178,2
04,261,282,293,305,311,312,338 ,361,
EGBES.....225,346,560,562,565,577,601 363,366,368 ,369,370,371,372,373,37
5,387 388,389 ,39 1,394,395,397,399,
EGERIA.....138, 139,142,237,446,476,62 406,408 4 16,418,419,423,428,432,43
ji 9,440,443,444,459,466,488,509,525
5929 D3. 5S2,,5331535,530,531, 558105
EGO.....20,38,44,63,98, 145,154, 159,18 9,540,542,544,606,622
5,188, 190,208,216,224,225,241,249,25
4,359,368,389,407,419,446,468,511,51 ENSLAVERS....573
7,558 ,566,588,636
ENTHRONED.....447
EGOISTICAL.....588
EPE-EKPE....509,600
EGUN.....260,473,486
EQUINOX.....55,445
EGYPT.....29,33,41,44,45,46,49 ,51,52,5
4,55,56,57,58,59,61,62,64,66,70,72,73 ERIDU 59,55)
,74,76,80 81,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100
101,102,103, 104,111,112, 114,115,118, 12 ERYTHRAEUM.....43
1,122,126, 127,128, 129, 133, 134, 136, 137,
139,144,148 149,150, 151,155,157, 158, 1 ESCHATOLOGY....449
863 INDEX
ESCLAVES.....411,411,591,591 312,32 1,323,327 ,328,338,373,396,40

7,417,421,424,425,433,434,435,438,
ESPIE....411,546,625 443,444 448 458,460 ,461,462,467,4
68,469,472,475,476,477,479 480,48
ESTEVANECITO.....396 2,485,487,490,529,531,534,536,537,
539,571,577,580,594,6 18,619,631,64
EQHICGS 7299562 O
ETHIOPIA.....5,5,33,33,41,41,57,57,58,5 EUR OPEAN.....9,28,29,56,71,94,99, 10

8,71,71,73,73,74,74,80,80,97 ,97,99,99 0,102,107, 123,126, 130,138,145, 146,15
,108, 108, 113,113, 114,114, 121,121,122, 12 6,160,178, 198,204,225,256,269,272,
2,127,127, 129, 129, 136, 136, 141,141,149, 277,283,286,287 ,304,307,312,321,32
149, 151,151,153, 153,161, 161,172,172, 18 3,327,328,338,396,407,421,424,425,
6, 186, 187, 187,189,189,193,193,198,198 433,434 435,438 443 444 448 458,4
,207,207,215,215,220,220,221,221,228 60,461,462,469,472,475,476,477,47
,228,233,233,234,234,235,235,236,23 9,480,482,485,487,529,531,534,536,
6,241,241,252,252,261,261,268,268,26 539,571,577,580,594,618,619,631,64
9,269,276,276,451,451,452,452,455,4 10)
55,460,460 ,592,592,593,593,594,594,
595,595 598,598 ,605,605 609,609,612 EUROPEANIZED.....28,29,94,100, 123,
,612,628,628,636,636,639,639 126,138, 145, 146, 178,283,338,444,46
0,461,479,485,594,619
ETHIOPIANS.....33,129,141,198,234
EURO PEANS.....29,107 ,198,225,327,4
ETHNIC/RACIAL.....14,2 1,22, 112,139, 14 07,424,425,433,448,480,482,529,53
5,151,152, 153,172,183,2 18,260,30 1,304 IDsssyi/7/
,307,310,312,313,315,332,337,340,358,
363,369,370,375,384,387,389,390,391 EVANGELICAL.....399,416,4 18
,395,397,409,435,478,479,488,525,52
6,529,535,538,561,568,569,570,571,57 EVANGELISTS. ....254,373,399,420
2,593,628
EVIL.....98, 182,185,189,205,208,2 10,2
ETHNO-BOTANICAL.....395,403,404,4 44,249 ,2506,284,293,295,303,349,42
38 0,433,445,557,558,598,60 1,602,632
ETHNOLOGICAL..... 152,286,391 EVOLUTION.....8,18,21,31,355,372,44

8,473,481,570,572,573,582,625,640
ETRURIA.....71,452,454
EWE-FON.....369
ETRURIANS....454
EWE.....7,8,9, 14, 18, 19,20,33,34,35,39,
ETUDE...
591 44,45,48,51,58,74,75,95, 102, 103,113,
115,122,124, 134, 142, 157,173,177,192,
EUCHARIST....447,450 193,195,221,225,226,238,261,264,209
,280 ,282 ,307 ,308 ,310,3 15,318 ,334,3
EUNUCHG..... 126, 158, 196,579,638 37,348,367 ,368,369,37 1,376,378,379
,385 ,388 ,389 ,391,393,398,399,401,4
EUPHRATES.....52, 151,612,622,64 1 03,411,412,416,42 1,423,427 433,434,
437 ,439 454,477 ,488 505,509 ,525,5
EURO-ROME.....580 26,527,538,539,547,548,549,550,561
,565,566,567,568,569,570,57 1,572,5
EURO-CULTURAL.....511 74,575,576,578,579,583,585,587,59 |
,593,594,608,618,626,631,635,641
EURO-GREECE.....580
EXECUTED.....203,268,453,456,466
EURO-PORTRAITURES.....397
EXECUTION.....453,466
EUROPE.....9,26,28,29,56,7 1,94,99, 100
102,104,107 ,123,126,127 ,130, 138, 139,1 EXISTENTIAL.....42,30 1,319 334,350 ,6
45,146,152, 155,156,160, 178,198,204,21 19
9,225,230,233,240,247,256,262 ,269,2
72,273,277 283,286,287 303,304,307, EXORCIZE.....217,240,397
INDEX
EXOTERIC.....369,370,371,372,477,481 FIRMAMENT.....73
EXTRATERRESTRIALS.....99 FISH-LIKE.....50
EZEKIEL 2.220 FISH-MEN/W OMEN.....52
FISH.....38,45,46,50 ,52,53,54,55,62,6
3,64,65,66,67,68,74 93,97, 119, 124,13
6, 150,173,176, 185, 190,244,306,3 11,3
33,394,406,407,475,516,566,610,622
,624,626,630,635,636,637
FATE.....8, 104, 185, 190,204,219,231,250 FISHER.....3 11,406,5 16,635,636

,257,262,270,285,288,299,379,551,55
2,553 ,554,555,556,557 ,558 ,559,560,5 FISHERMAN. ....406,636
61,562,563 ,564,565,566,567 ,568 ,569,5
LOD TST, 573,514,515 511,518 509,; FISHES.....45,55,93, 185,406,610
580,58 1,582,583,584,585,586,587,58
8,589,590,591,592,600,610,611,612,61 FISHING.....54,150,306,394,635
3,614,615,62 1,622,630
FLAMEN....446
FEAST.....6, 141,162,447
FLAMES.....69
FECUN DITY.....37,82,108, 128, 137,267,6
O7 FLAMING.....69
FEMALE.....39, 148,189, 199,225,227,24 FLOOD.....12,36,44,95,98, 100, 141,184

2,273,274,288,333,350,383,423,479,4 , 185,186, 188,192,212,216,222,228,24
80,483,485,491,506,551,554,557,569, 3,249,285,379,431,635,638
5706,579,585,588,593,597,622,631
FOLK-ETHNO-BOTANICAL.... 404
FEMININE-MASCULINE.....50,316
FOLK-LORE.....6,397,405,411
FEMININE.....50,53,97 ,99, 104, 118,154, 1
72,176,179, 182,188,233,264,316,432,4 FOLK-TRADITIONS.....371
45,469,472,478,487,548,552,579,583,
584,600 FOLLOWERS.....152,154, 161,176, 199 ,2
40, 387,454,460 468,601
FERGUSSON.....29,96,142,148,287,288
FON.....9,68,74,193,310,3 11,369 ,371,3
FERTILE.....7 1,99,310,316,378 76,378 ,38 1,385,388 ,389,390 391,393
,404,411,551
EERDILITY. 2.18337, 52753'56,82.95; 1377,
139,142 ,199,333,335,434,435,607,622, FONGBE.....376
626,630,636
FONTENOT.....404
FESTIVAL.....126,131,132,141,212,241,24
5,247,444,45 1,462,472 ,509 624 ,642,6 FORGIVENESS.....446
A7
FORLONG.....104, 105, 110, 180,277,45
FESTIVALS.....126,131, 132,212,241,245, 4,458 ,625,640
247,444,451,462,472
FRANCE.....71,139,286,313,411
FETISH.....96,393,414,4 17,428
FRANCISCAN .....235,236,447
FINGERS.....452
FRENCH.....49,49,96,96, 102,102,288,
FIRE-BREATHING.....496 288,300 ,300,3 13,3 13,360,360,37 1,37
1,372,372,388,388,389,389,425,425,
FIRE.....72,97 ,98, 163,179, 182,2 17,22.4,2 428 428 429,429,440 440 ,449,449,5
33,247,251,258 ,265,292,296,3 17,390,4 27,527 534,534 ,536,536,611,611
51,452,496,505,549,550,6 18,636,644
865 INDEX
FRESCOS.....468 65,265,307,307,308 308,310 310,311,

BAS 127 31243 152513;30352303,30
1,507.
FRIDAY....438,447,530,603,623,624 369 ,369 384 384 ,385 385,389 389 ,3
91,391,412,412,439,439,440,440,509
FU-MEJI.....563 ,309 ,525,525,60 6,606,622 ,622,639,6
39,643,643
GHANIAN.....385
G GIFT.....22,123,131,
189,237 ,240,241,2
GA-ADANGBE.....192,264,308,391,549 45,314,322,336,350,400,428,434,44
0,45 1,463,469 ,514,515,551,552,554,5
GABA DU.....8,270,379,383,548,551,55 56,558,561,562,566,574,583,586,60 I
4,555,556,558,559,560,561,564
GIFTED.....22,123,314,551,552,554,556
GALLA.....41,113,207 ,558 ,56 1,562,566,586,60 1
GANYEHESU.....382 GIFTS.....123, 131,245,322,336,400,451

,469,514,515,566,574,583,586
GARA MANTES.....33,192,316,593
GLIJ}....509
GARVEY.....545
GOAT e161 3 159902
56,32 72532
,642,646
GATHERED.....46,185,231,331,360,362,
615
GO DDESSES.....52,57,76,95, 102, 123,1
24,127,133, 136,145, 180, 183,228,242,
GAUL.....139,141,259
247 ,268 ,209 270,279,280 ,316,379,3
97,461,475,482,575,598,599,613,621,
GAY .....8,577,580 ,581,582,583,585,58
631
6,587,588,622
GODPARENTS.....515
GAY S.....577,58 1,586,622
GODS.....6,9, 11,15, 16,20,36,41,42,45,
GAZ Age oe 21OST,
47,48,49,51,53,54,56,57,59,66,69,73,
78,79 ,96,97,98 ,99, 102,104,105, 114, 11
GENDER.....8,38,2 14,233,240 318,334, 5,118, 124, 126, 131,133,136,137,145,149
350,487,494,554,556,566,568,576,57 , 150,152,154, 155, 156, 161,172,173,184,
8,579,58 1,583,585,588,622 185,188, 189, 191,196,197,203,213,2 14,
223,224 ,228,234 ,247 ,250,254,259,2
60,262,266,268,269,284,288,290,29
GENERATION.....15,49,53, 190,224,245
3,300, 302,303,305,316,317,328,335,
,287,298,299, 303,305,335,337,338,39 337 ,338 ,350 ,387 ,394 ,397 ,398 ,403,4
9,400,40 3,410 ,419,421,433,434,438,4 04,409,410,417,460,469,473,484,48
59,535,560,596 5,492,493,494,495,496,497,498,499,
500 ,501,502,503,504,505,506,507,5
GENERATIVE....41,46,7 7,82, 108,128, 1 08,509,510,511,512,513,514,515,516,5
33,137,148, 149, 1600,334,338,453,600,6 17,518,548,551,552,553,554,555,556,
07,609,629,636,064 1 557,558,559,560,561,562,563,564,56
5,566,567,568,569,570,571,572,573,
GENERIC.....28,39,39 1,575,642 574,575,577,578,579,580,581,582,58
3,584,585,586,58 7,588 589,590 ,591,
GENITRIX.....41,122,123 594 ,598,610,612,613,616,619,620 626
,630,639
GENTILES....445
GOGO.....560
GERIZIM.....105
GORGON.....199,285
GERMANIC.....259,580
GORO.....242,439
GERMANY.....279,287 ,29 1,300 ,313
GOUGOU.....560
GHANA.....34,34,35,35,39,39,90,90,95
95,102,102 ,103,103,115,115,264,264,2
866 INDEX
GOUN....551,551 GUARDIAN.... 81,82, 120, 139, 140,334

,486,499,507,515,556,562,565,57 1,57
GRAN DMOTHER.....95,294 ,295,296,3 3,574,575,631
48,379
GUAR DIANS.....499,515
GRAVE.....81, 105,107,131, 134,148,264,
265,266 ,267,271,282,284,3 19,377,391, GUDA-MEJL.....563
453,477,033,640
GUEDE.....384, 385,386
GRAVES.....81,105, 107,131, 134,148,264
,265,266,267,284,477,633,640 GUEDEVI.....384,385,386
GREAT HUNTRESS..... 139 GUEDEVIS.....385
GREAT-GRANDFATHER.....402 GUIDANCE.....20, 100, 185, 194,207,25

1,300 ,332,373,508,587
GRECIAN.....37,44,59,80,81,97 , 100,115
127,128,132, 152,186,191,192,195,215,2 GUIN.....39,49, 102,246,306,307,308,
34,2 35,597,609,6 11,626 ,628 ,635,636,6 312,315,318, 369,376,385,386,388,38
45 9,391,393,509,640
GRECO-ROMAN.....59, 125, 176 GUINEA.....49,49, 102,102,306,306
GREECE.....28,99, 101,106,112, 118,124,1 GULF.....11,53,98, 304,306

25,126,127,129,135,140,144,148, 151,15
5,162,176, 182,192,195, 198,204,210,22 GUELAHE....9°5372,397
9,2306,244,251,254,260 ,264,265,276,2
87,394,415,431,456,457,459,476,580, GUYANA.....406
613,617,620,638,639,646
GREEKS... 20,29, 50) 335520900 LOO.

101,104,105, 109,110, 112,123,126, 127,12
H
9, 132,133,134,136,137,138,142,146,148, HAG.....33,73, 122,130 , 182,187,208,2
149,15 1,158, 173,182, 186, 187, 188
,189, 1 09,237,242,246,256,282,285,427,43
93,194,195, 198, 199,200,20 1,203,206,2 6,446,466,593,609 644,646
08,2 11,215,2 16,22 1,225,227 ,228,233,2
34,235,236,237,241,243,245,248,252, HAITI.....288,368,369,370,371,372,37
264,265,266,269,288,301,317,379,427 4,375,389,39 1,393,395,459,486,587,
445,448,449, 482,486,548,57 1,580,59 591
4,608,612 ,620 ,626,627,628,631,636,6
39,640,643 HAITIAN.....370,37 1,372,375,391,395
587
GRIAULE.....51,52,95
HAITIANS.....37 1,372,391
GRIOTS....403
HALF-FISH.....53,136,637
GRIS-GRIS.....373,5 15,532,557
HALF-WOMAN/HALF-MEN/FISH
GROUND.....30,39, 150 ,163,176,19 1,202 50
,206,209,2 16,246,258,284,296,3 14,36
8,37 2,397,399,418 437 438,440,464 ,4 HALF-MAN.....53
65,471,512,5 15,587,597
HALL.....6,26,30,36,55,7 1,98, 108,118,
GUADJA.....390 184,202,214,218,219,220,243,258,25
9,262,263,285,293,317,334,358,379,
GUAN.....264,307,308,315,385,388 437 449,450 ,454,456,468,518,522,5
60
GUA RD.....33,81,82,120, 132,139, 140,23
2,334,444,455,47 1,486,499 507 ,515,5 HALLE-LU-JAH....450
16,556 ,557 ,562,565,57 1,573,574,575,6
28,631 HALLELUJAH.....449
8067 INDEX
HAMBLY.....70,96, 148 HERBALISTS.....515
HAND.....55,63,05, 136, 142, 152,159,176 HERBS/GRIS-GRIS-MEDI-CINE.....557

,208,243,247,250,276,282,294,296,32
2,331,360,361,421,437,444,452,456,45 HERBS.....50,53, 199,322,323,324,325,
7,477,531,535,552,561,572,600,607,6 328,329,557
09,6 13,6 19,630,637
HERCULES.....201,251
HARI Lino l,oe,
221
HERESY.....180,230,233,239,240,284,
HARLOTS.....104 287,453,468
HARVEST.....56,209,450,509,626 HERMA PHRODITIC....581
HATHOR.....37,37 ,44,44,58 58,59 59,6 HERMES.....72, 155,231,619

2,62,97,97,102,102,122,122,197,197,48
9,489 636,636,641,6041 HERO DOTUBGS.....33, 186,187 ,194,203,2
11,264,266,580,602,644
HATTI.....124, 134,268,594,641
HERO PILE 21,212,230, 24325707
HATTIE.....268 84
HAYTI.....372,403,411 HERSKOVITS.....31,31,120,120,367,36
7,387,387 ,395,395;,591,591
HAZOR.....52
HETEROSEXUAL.....578,582,583,588
HAZOUME.....367,385,4 11,412,579,591
HEVIOSSO -SOGBO .....563
HEATHEN.....176,205,223,225,231,232,
238,247 ,248,252,254,288,295, 398,41 HEVIOSSO.....300 ,378 386,497 ,549,5
7,447,452,456,466,469,473,530 63,578,600
HEAVEN .....48,82,98, 104, 128,131,136, 1 HEVIOSUVIS.....579

37,139,140 ,144, 186, 189 ,197,209,224,2
36,258,269,317,437,452,600,626,635, HEXA GRAM.....53
641,042
HIERARCHY .....42,101,241,383,445,5
HEAVENG.....82,98, 137,209,317 06,507
HEBREW ......46,66,72,14 1,142,179,180,1 HIEROGLYPHIC.....41,556

89,207,216,221,224,225,232,243,248,
251,252,257,287,446,454,467,595,626 HIEROGLYPHICALLY.....41
HEBREWG.....72,14 1,142,2 16,22 1,225,2 HIGGINS.....31,33,44,81,95,96, 105, 10

32,243,252 7,112,126, 133, 134, 148, 149, 151,174,191
,199,203,244,248,252,264,265,266,2
HEBRON..... 106 67,268,270,277,288,445,447,449 45
4,455,458,471,474,546,548,625,633,
HELIOPOLIS.....72 640
HENRY -HYATT.....371 HINDU.....11,12,16,20,39,53,78,95,97,

128,129,149,150,152,153,155,156,157,
HENRY.....37 1,40 1,402,403,406 158,159,160, 161,162, 163, 165,172, 18 1,2
24,375,460,57 1,6 18,620,626,645
HERA.....47,73,74,8 1,100, 194,197,211,2
30,288,348,462,585,6 12,636,642 HIN DUISM.....11,16, 152, 155, 156, 161, 16
SOS WIZ 1813755701
HERACLES.....74,74,100, 100,2 11,2 11,61
2,612 HINDUS.....53,78, 129,149, 150,155, 157
, 158,160, 165,172,645
HERAKLES.....288
HISTORIANS.....18,26,58,99, 101,125,1
868 INDEX
33,136,183, 199,201,205,206,2 14,230 ,2 269 ,281,285,290,291,299,304,332,3

33,2 36,259,301,317 ,388 ,403,416,457,5 36,337,338 340 ,359,365,377,378,384
80,598,604 ,394,397,404,409,424,447,450,469,
484,487,515,518,526,530,535,537,53
HISTORY.....1,10, 11,12, 16, 18, 19,2 1,22,2 9,540,541,542,544,560,569,571,572,
4,27,29,30,31,32,38,46,51,52,71,95,96, 585,602,603,6 15,617,636,638,642,64
98,101,102, 104,105, 123,126,130, 133,15 4,645
1,154, 156,172, 173,178, 181,184, 188,192,
195, 198, 199,20 1,202,209,214,217,222, HOODOO. ....296,373,400,411,438,53
225,227,228,235,237,239,247,251,252 O
,254,255,264,269,272,273,276,277,30
1,304, 308,311,312,315,317,318,338,340 HORITES.....301,626
,364,369,375,376,377,378,379,380,38
3,38.4,388,389,39 1,395,407 ,413,4 16,4 HORNED-RAM.....50
21,433,442,445,448,453,458,461,462,
466,467 ,468,469,473,476,481,485,48 HOROSCOPE.....56,195
9,526,527 ,532 536,537 ,546,560,570,5
77,579,580 ,586,593,597,598,599,604, HORSE.....33, 128, 198,200 ,256,296,53
605,619,620,625,644,645 6,582,591,593,644,646
HITTITE.....594,594 HORUS/APOLLO.....112
HIVA/HEVA/AVA.....73 HORUS....58,66,69,93,100,101,102,1
03,111,112,113, 118,128, 130,140, 190,19
HOGBON OU.....382 7,215,217,221,235,338,45 1,454 ,460,4
65,481,548,595,619
HOGONS.....51
HOTTENTOTS..... 106
HOHO.....563
HOUNON.....1,25,161,229,298, 351,35
HOLLY W OOD. ....20,336,373,399,400, 4,359,379,505,511,513,514,516,517,51
418,420 ,433,469,499,512 8,521,544,562,565
HOLY.....33,36,37,38,41,44,55,57,58,71 HOUNONS.....161,359,514,516,518,54
,13,79,87,94,97,98,99, 100, 101,102,103 4,562,565
,104,105,106, 107,108,109, 110,111,112, 1
15,118, 122,140,142,160,162, 172,176,181 HUDU.....17,296,373,395,400,404,53
,183, 185, 186, 187, 190, 191, 194,196,202,
205,207,208 ,211,213,214,215,216,22 1,
232,233,260 ,268,27 1,280,286, 332,338 HUNNO.....517
,349,365,373,396,419,428,440,445,44
6,447,45 1,452 ,455,456,459,46 1,463,4 HUNTERS.....402
72,481,499,50 1,508 ,530 ,531,532,546,5
48,560,56 1,596,600,60 1,602,605,608, HURSTON.....582,591
621,622,625,635,637
HUSA.....570
HOMER.....234,236
HY ATT.....177,264 ,371,394,399,400,4
HOMOPHOBIC.....588 01,403,406,411
HOMOSEXUAL.....576,577,578,580,58
1,582
HOMOSEXUALITY....576,577 578,580 IBADAN ....411,546,625

,581,582
IBIBIO.....39
HONNOUDROPE/W OEZODODO.....5
09
IBO.....9,88,91,231
HONOR..... 11,12, 13, 15,57,73,76, 105, 12 IDOLATERS.....104,
116
3,132,136, 137,147, 154,157, 180,181, 185,
196,202,228,229,231,236,246,250,260 IDOLS.....19,206,249 253,349 428,619
869 INDEX
IFA.....26,29,440,518,548,551,59 1 85,389,390 ,391,414,420,448

482
IGBO.....39,369,382,384,385,439,440 INDIVIDUALISM.....5 11,573,575
YAW.....39,39,369,369 INDIViIDUALLY.....326,568
ILLAWELA.....47 INDO-EUROPEAN .....571
ILLINOIS.....177,264,296,4 11 INDO-AFRICAN.....71
ILLNESS.....305,3 14,330,333,336,398,4 INDUS.....53,71,78,129, 149,150,155, 15

09,515,574 7,158,160, 165,172 ,418,420,498,5 35,6
45
IMAGES (IDOLS)
.+59,0,52,54,56,60,64,65,69,83,93,104, INFALLIBLE.....449,452
108 ,126, 136,137,144, 146,149,164, 165,1
95,228,269,271,272,273,279,281,286, INFANT....468,480,513,584,585
338,339,418,422,427,428,434,443,44
4,459,460,46 1,466 ,475,470,477 ,478,4 INFINITE....433,489,573
79,481,482,485,488,489,491,495,520,
530,531,535,594,595,598,600 602,603 INHABITANTS.....55, 100, 140, 148, 195,
,613,619,630,631,6044 197 ,204,205,2 13,234,254,307,310,31
1,312,381,454,468,525
IMMORALL.....287,398,435,438,589
INHERITANCE..... 16,2 14,448,505,517,
IMMORTALITY.....73,445 613
IMPLEMENTS.....42,56,67,78, 131,137, 15 INHERITED.....37,42,332,349,361,368,

4,159,276,300,457,477,489,512,531,55 379,483,507,518,519,540,544,571,60
1,556,613,622,623,629,638,642,645,64 4,636,044
6
INITIATE.....32,42,43,44,57,62,87, 108
INANNA.....38,78,197,622 125,132, 150,161,193,197,199,201,202Z,
211,230,234,236,269,270,280,282,30
INCANTATIONS.....48,48,53,53,322,32 0,335,340,346,360,361,396,405,406,
2,618,618 452,453,454,464,466,501,506,511,51
2,513,514,515,516,517,519,547,554,55
INCARNATE.....43,533,574 5,558,562,565,567,582,586,594,595,
614,619,621,639
INCARNATION.....8,51,152, 155, 188,24
1,252,560,567,569,572,573,583 INITIATED....42,43,44,62,87, 193,197,
199,202,2 30,2 34,2 36,269,280,300,3
INDIA.....5,33,37,39,43,55,58,7 1,73,84, 35,340, 346,360 ,361,396,406,466,506
95,96, 105, 122,127,129,140, 148,149, 150 ,511,513,514,515,516,517,519,547,554,
151,152, 153,155,156, 157,158,161, 163,16 555,558,562,505,567,594,614,639
4,172,173, 198,203,205,233,241,252,26
5,268 ,269 287 ,396,448 ,455,460,478,5 INITIATES.....42,108, 125, 132, 150, 199,
27,600,617 ,618,620,635,636,644 201,270,282,340,405,464,501,511,51
2,513,514,516,621
INDIAN .....43, 150, 151,153,155,157 , 158, 1
61,172,205 ,233,265,396,478,527,6 17,6 INITIATION .....8, 11,19,22,43,58,95,12
18,644 6,131,144, 158,239,245 253,280 ,303,3
05,306,324, 335,336,351,353,374,396
INDIANA.....265 ,408,419,446,509,511,512,513,514,51
5,517,551,567,574,578,58 1,585 ,591,6
INDIAN APOLIS.....265 12
INDIANS.....15 1,153,157, 16 1,172,396,61 INITIATORY.....38,99, 154, 189,451,511,

i, 513,628
INDIGEN OUS.....40,7 1,84,96, 103, 142,1 INMAN.....454,456

49,155, 164,202 ,235,260 ,286 ,304 ,313,3
870 INDEX
INNATE.....566,583,585 ISHMAEL.....591,594,625
INNEKOUZOU.....49 ISHTAR.....38,38 ,65,65 ,69,69 ,76,76,7

8,78, 102,102,106, 106, 107,107,122, 12
INSANITY .....292,336,515 2,134, 134,176,176, 184, 184, 185, 185,18
6,186 ,315,3 15,337,337,48 1,481,598,5
INSPIRATION.....42,204,249,334,395,6 98,600 600,609,609 ,636,636,64 1,64
30,631 1,642,642
INSTALLED.....43,95,99, 101,106, 108, 11 ISIS/MAW U.....46

5, 157,161,186, 188,209,231,251,290,355
505,516,517 ,613 ISIS.....18,36,37,38,41,42 ,44,46,50,51,
55,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,69,
INSTITUTE.....71,177, 187,204,417 ,435,4 72,75,76,80,81,82,93,94,95,97,101,11
37,446,450,499,5 14,591,638 1,122,123,125,129, 130, 137,139,142, 14
9,154, 157,159, 160,176,179, 189,192, 19
INTER-ETHNICALLY.....312,526,570 6,197 ,202 ,207 ,209 ,,215,217,227,232,2
34,236,247 ,261,267,268,271,276,28 1,
INTER-ETHNIC.....312,369,370,390,526 286,287 315,319 ,332,335,348,394,44
,570 5,440,447 ,448,450,454,456,457,459
,460,462,464,466,469,472,475,476,
INTERBRED.....559 478 ,479,481,482,489,546,595,596,6
09,619,621,622,626,629,631,635,637,
INTERMARRY.....570 638,640,641
INTERNATIONAL.....112, 192 ,218,223,3 ISLAMIC.....33,39,40,114,116,303,304,

02,303,411,591,596 317,496,532,546,577,579,580,592,59
4,596,600 602,604,621
INVOCATIONS.....512
ISRAEL....52,104,105,106,244,619,63
INVOKE.....52,5 12,638 Uf
IO-AN.....272,276,457 ITALIAN.....276,443,454,457,475,476
,580
IONIA.....44,44,59,59 ,61,61,100, 100,11
8,118,122, 122,134,134,136,136,140,140, ITALY.....71,136, 142, 149,155,162
,176,2
158,158, 162,162, 163, 163, 185,185,192, 1 08,209,212,216,237,239,277,287,447
92,194, 194,197,197,200,200,204,204, ,449,454,458,460,475,618,627
205,205,2 11,211,215,215,228,228,234,
234,269,269,288,288,436,436,449,44 ITY PHIALEIG S255
9,476,476,505,505,593 ,593,595,595,5
97,597 628,628,636,636,638,638 IYENSU.....8,45,55, 129, 136, 149, 173,31
8,481,517,606,608,626,634,639,640,
IONIAN.....100,134, 136,140, 197,200,2 O41
04,205,211,288,449,593
IYENSUVI....517
IONIANS..... 134,288,449
IYEUS (OR JESUS).....471
IRAN.....47,73,78,99, 102,104, 139, 151,1
J
52,156, 163,172,174, 197,220,234,253,4
46,460 ,464,57 1,592,609
IRANIAN.....73,78, 102,104, 152,156, 163 J-HA-HO.....44

,172,197,253,460,464,571
JAH.....112,129,252,449,450
IRANIANS.....73, 104, 172,197,464
JAMAICA.....591
IRELAND.....71,287
JANUS..... 162, 173,272,452,618,635
IRON.....198,200,204,2 19,238,314,375,
408,438,444,461,483,498,550,562,56 JAO.....44
7,586,625,638
871 INDEX
JEALOUS.....2 1,10 1, 180,215,264,265,30

6,590,623 K
JEALOUSLY.....21,2 15,590,623 KA-MEJI.....563
JEALOUSY.....101, 180,264 KEMET.....44,49,5 1,66,72,97,103,111,1
88,192, 197,300,453
JEHOVAH .....102, 113,118, 138,141,179, 1
80,222,223,224,244,251,252,594,597, KEMETIC.....66,72,453
608
KETO.....44,45,310,635,637,64 1,646
JELL-BA HLSEN.....516
KETU/ICHTON.....55
JERUSALEM.....106,118,241
KETU.....45,45,55,55,172,172,173,173,
JESUS CHRIST.....349,471 269,269,307,307,308,308,310,310,36
9,369,390,390,560,560,593,593,646,
JESUS.....11,82, 130,244,251,327,349,39 646
7,455,471,573,574
KHNUM.....51,52,215
JEWELRY .....195,282,578,579
KIKONGO.....9
JEWISH.....53,53,63,63, 104, 104, 138, 138
,179,179,241,241,242,242,243,243,244 KILLED.....43,51,198,20 1,205,311,312,3
,244,249,249,283,283,438,438,446,44 48,38 1,382,386,388,401,462,528,536
6,453,453 ,552,558,561,579,60 1,637
JEWS.....11,11,11, 104,104,104, 105,105, 10 KILLING.....190,530,582
5,106,106, 106,114, 114, 114,126,126, 126,
141,141,141,148 148, 148,180, 180,180, 1 KING
OUIOVIOV2ZEZ2 0220222, 222, 222,22 SOLO MON.....82,134, 140,206,235,60
3,223,223,232,232,232,241,241,241,24 a
4,244,244,251,251,251,252,252,252,25
3,253,253,446,446,446,450 ,450 ,450,4 KINGDOM.....9,33,58,60,63,80,95,98,
55,455,455,460,460,460,596,596,596, IZZ 137 NSIS 12051919S; 2035285;
597,597 ,597,598,598,598 218,222,223,243,266,307 ,311,312,315
,317, 365,367,377 381,382,383,386,38
JEZEBELS.....104 7,388,412,494,528,547 554,556,559,
592,593,594,596,597,598,609,625,64
JISSA......560 S)
JOHN.....69,95, 126,204,237,238,243,2 KINGS.....18,20,44 ,59,70,73,74,82, 10

66,276,294,401,4 13,422,440,457,545 5,124 ,173,179,206,210,214,2 16,254,2
69,27 1,332,334,377,378,379,381,382
JORDAN .....46,63, 104, 114,122,592,596, 384 ,385 ,386 ,387 388 ,390 ,393,424,4
610,637 25,435,460,472,483,487,494,609,61
2,616,628
JUDEA.....180
KINGSHIP.....74,124,173, 179,216,483
JUDEO-CHRISTIAN .....212,212,511,511,5
HHH KINSHIP.....359,506,508
JUDGE.....218,220,258,483,575 KLIKOR.....388,540,542,543
JUDGMENTAL.....590 KOLA.....439,440
JUPITER.....113,113,213,213,224,224,249
249,276,276, 328,328,457,457,465,46
5,635,635,639,639 KORE.....108, 128, 129,234,267,269,45
0,531,594,595,60 1,604,62 1,625,626
KOU-DONSA.....590
872 INDEX
KPESOSO/....509 ,219,228,228,235,2 35,264,264,274,2

74,282,282,450,450,484,484,592,59
KPESSO.....576 2,593,593,605,605,635,635,636,636,
639,639,643,643,644,644, 646,646
KPOJITOS.....388
LIBY AN .....54,74 81,123,128, 139, 182,1
KPOLI.....7,362 ,487 ,489 557 ,558,559,5 86, 192, 194, 198, 199,211,235,264,274,
61,562,565,566,567,574,584,587,588, 282,484 635,636,639,643,644,646
590
LIBYO-CRETANS.....46
KRA.....166, 194,316 ,338,454,566,617
LIMESTONE.....453
KREPI.....570
LINEAGE.....7, 18,44 ,59,95,98,99, 123,1
KRIKOR.....388 25,128, 157,162, 164,177, 188,206,207,
208 ,224 245,246 ,251,259,284,287,2
KRISHNA......130, 149, 150 , 155, 157 , 159, 1 91,292,294,308,332,337 361,362,377,
61,173,191,252,460,626 379,38 1,382,383,384,386,387 389,39
1,424,451,454,477,484,505,509,517,
KUTUT.2 567,573 521,526,532,540,542,555,561,568,56
9,570,572,574,583,596,608,612,625,
KUTUTO/TRO/TOVODU.....573 628,637
LINEAGES.....7,98,99,123,125,157,164,
206 ,224 ,308 ,337 ,362 ,386 ,387 ,389,3
L 91,451,477,505,526,532,540,542,555
,561,568,569,572,57 4,583,608,612
LAKE NEM I.....139
LINGAM.....452,453
LANCIANI....454
LION.....11,38,44,56,57,76,81,100, 124
,125,129,131, 137,140, 141,142,144,180,
PATERIME=.
550)
185,190,201,261,293,299,310,311,355,
375,399,4 18,420,427 ,433,466,539,57
LAUREL.....106, 134,206 ,231,280,282,2
3,603,608 ,621,623,638,642
85,451,623
LISA.....141,235,3 18,563
LEGBA.....4,548,556,557,558,560,562,
564,610,613,631
LITURGICAL.....173,221,222,444,448,
462,468
LEOPARD.....310,367,382,383,384,385
,388,393,411,412,424
LITURGICALLY.....444
LESBIAN .....8,265,576,577,578,579,58
LITURGIES.....104,157,173,464
0,582,583,585,5806,587 588
LITURGY.....443,444,445
LESBIANS.....576,577,578,579,586
LETE-MEJI....563 LOGOS/W ISDO M......37,38

,41,62 ,69,7
6,217
LEVITE.....72,73,148,221,597
LOGOS. ....36,37,38,41,42,43,51,55,62
LEVTICAL.....104, 105,106, 142,283,455 ,69,73,75,76,93,94 ,98, 102,122,123, 15
2,154, 164, 180, 181, 183,192,197,217,31
LIBATIONS.....100 8, 332,334,338 ,462,478,489,506,587,
622
LIBYA.....54,54,58,58,71,71,74,74,81,81
,99,99,100,100, 101, 101,102,102, 121,121 LOKO.....2 12,386,387 389,563,623
122,122,123, 123,127,127 ,128,128, 131,1
31,136,136,139,139,151, 151,182,182,186 LOME.....306,525
186,187,187 , 188, 188,192 192,193,193, 1
94,194,198 ,198, 199, 199 208 ,208,2 10,2 LONDON .....32,47 ,69,95 96,126,148, 1
10,211,211,215,215,216,216,218,218,219 60,265,266
,287 ,367,411,412,475,488
873 INDEX
,546,59 1,633,640 ,647 MAGISTRATE....403
LORD.....104,157,158,208,209,224,240 MAH.....122,149, 152, 168,388 ,618

,253,349,450,454
MAHI.....388
LORE.....6,56,8 1,98, 150, 177,206,212,25
1,287 ,295,380,384,397,401,405,406,4 MA KARA -KETU.....173
07,408,411,4 13,438,447 468,496,548,
560,562,578,582,625,628 MALABAR.....55,159
LORETTO....447 MALAISE....40,293,398,409,574
LOSO-MEJI.....563 MA LEFICENT.....50,284,425
LOST.....20,39, 178, 191,216,222,223,231 MALES.....125,176,229,379,487,5

17,5
,240,242,245,269,3 13,351,359,360,372 76,579
,374,387,388,39 1,398,404 ,408,419,45
9,476,477,526,533,569,585,598,6 13,61 MALI.....39,333,376,391,433,438,525,
5,620,625 558,603
LOTUS.....33,56,65, 154,609,623,642,64 MAMA -DEVA.....157,471

4
MAMA-ISIS....4 1,59, 149
LOUISIANA. ....295,296,37 1,393,395,39
6,402,403,411,432,459 MAMA.....1,2,3,5,6,8,24,25,36,37,38,
41,43,44,51,57,59,60,61,95,97,101,10
LOWER EGYPT.....61,74,214 2,104,105, 107,108,112, 122,123,125, 12
8,130,131,149,157,159,161,163,193,197
LOWER.....29,58,61,74,152,154,161,176 SLLIGLON, ZO ZOALOD LOL LO LOS ye
,199,214,240,387,454,460 468,587 ,60 99,300,30 1,302,303,320,32 1,332,333
1,606 ,337 ,338 339,340 ,341,342,343,344,3
45,3406,347,352,353,354,355,356,357
LUNAR.....45,76, 154,548,549 ,358,359,360,361,362,364,366,38 1,39
2,393,394,402,406,4 13,434,441,471,
LUXOR.....204 493,494,495 496 ,497 ,498 ,499 ,500,5
01,502,503,505,511,5 16,517,519,520,
LYBIA.....33,46,54,80,188, 196,496,636 521,522,523,524,525,531,533,534,53
5,530,538,539,540,544,545,548,549,
LYCIA.....194,195,204,2 18,265 556,562,563,564,565,576,579,594,60
5,608 ,614,62 1,632,640,643
M MAMISSIL.....59,99, 100 ,351,353,359,3

60,36 1,362,365,393,479,511,516,517,
518,549,561,562,594
MAA.....54,55, 197,539
MAMMA.....48
MAAT.....54,55, 197
MAMM1.....37,41,47,48,56,57,59,60,
MADONNA. ....56,238,277,281,338,42 73,77,95, 137,139, 144,148, 159,261,64
8,443,445,458,460 1
MAGIC.....15,17,20,21,56,72, 133,177 ,17 MAMMIS.....37,41,56,57,59,60,73,95
9,199, ,201,206,207,208,2 14,225,256,2
66,270,284,295, 305,32 1,349,373,377, MAMMISI.....37,56,57,59,60,73,95
395,396,398 400,404,410 ,436,438,44
6,456,469,512,618,619 MAMMISS.....37
MAGICAL.....56,206,207,208,2 14,225, MA MMITUM.....48
270,284,305, 32 1,373,377,395,396,398
,400,404,4 10,436,438 456,512,618 MAMUTI.....41
MAGICIANS.....72,349,512 MANA.....55,73,98, 155,176, 189,23 1,3
874 INDEX
00,592,621 82,188,190,192,193,194,195, 197,200,

203,204,215,217,218,220,221,223,22
MANDA.....49,463,511,617 4,230,233,235,241,243,245,247,264,
267 ,268 283,286, 307,316,317 ,332,37
MANDING.....19,54,55,95,105,232,290, 8,379, 383,384 ,388,429,431,432,445,
291,311,33 1,355,404 ,539,542,581,588 448 ,452,456,462,477,487,526,527,5
28,529,530,531,532,561,577,579,580,
MANE.....19,29,44, 195,200,225,329,36 592,593,594,595,596,597,598,599,60
5,417,418,540,582,583,585,619 0,603,604,605,617,625,628,638,644
MAPILLA.....55 MATRIARCHATES....43
MARDUK.....53, 113,118,221 MATRIARCHS.....55,60,61,99,100,103

,104, 105,106,122, 181,182,192 ,193,198,
MARE.....43,187,349 202,204,214,216,2 18,222,240 ,245,26
0,264,317,379,478,529,547,596,597,
MARRIAGES.....58,100,242,308,370,3 598,603,606,608,638,645
90,406,583
MATRIARCHY.....100, 179, 194,288,37
MARY.....30,31,39 ,42,43,57,71,94,114,1 7,435,528,579
22,137,140 , 181,190 ,192,203,2 12,222,2
34,238 ,239,269,276,279,281,286,288, MATRILINEAL.....36,37,38,42,57 ,59,9
312,315,318 ,338,369,370,376,377,388, 5,159, 193,206,228,261,332,333,346,3
397 ,404,406,425,428,432,445,451,45 78,379, 385,3806,388,482,483,505,51
7,459,461,469,471,479,488,494,512,51 9,540,544,592,593,594 60 1,627,636
6,517,535,536,558,56 1,566,574,580,58
1,583,584 ,586,637 MATRILINEALLY.....37,42,333,379,51
9,540 ,544,636
MASAI....426,579
MAUPOILL.....31,378,4
11,591
MASCULINE.....38,50,53,97, 100,104,11
3,118, 152,154,176, 179, 181, 182, 188, 189, MAWU.....46,98,318,377,378,379,38
190 ,231,233,240,316,452,453,472,478, 3,542,548,549,554,555,556,563
494,548,549,550,552,578,579,583,58
4,585,597 ,599 ,639 MEDES.....73,612
MASCULINITY....579,585 MEDIA.....13,14,42,71,150,209,211,213
,232,257,265,288,291,293,323,331,34
MASCULINIZATION.....45,257,377 8,360 ,362,377,462,509,517,529,549,
569,581,636
MASSACHUSETTS.....395
MEDICAL.....291,300,303,330,333,33
MASSEY.....31,41,94,95, 105,107,152, 17 6,396
4,270,448,450,454,472,474,490
MEDICINAL.....142,177,395,440
MASTER.....24,50,176,203,249,257,26
8,269,288,289,290,29 1,292 ,293,294,2 MEDICINE.....50,53,177,192,195,304,3
95;296,298,299'300'32 11327,350,391,3 21,323,324,325,328,395,404,409,411,
96,403,436,437,519,536,555,557,558, 440,469,514,548
567,611
MEDITERRANEAN.....19,58,96, 136, 14
MASTERS.....50,176,257 ,269,327 ,350,4 8,152,179,19 1,192,220,234,243,576,5
03,437,567 80,592
MATELESS.....41 MELAM.....98,484
MATERNAL.....128,199,276,295,296,32 MEM ORIZING.....555

1,402,451,457,464,571
MEN DES.....261
MATRIARCHAL.....1,9, 16, 18 ,22,30 ,32,3
3,43,45,58,61,74,81, 104,105,112, 113,11 MENES.....61,81,212,214,216
4,115,116, 121,123,126, 138, 156,176,179, 1
875 INDEX
MENI.....71,198,220,221 MISINFORMATION .....31,107
MERMAID/MERMEN.....49,50 ,54,55,4 MISOGYNISTIC.....19,102,253

07,622
MISSIO.....2,3,16,2 1,24,26,52,79, 136, 1
MERMAID.....6,42,49,50 ,51,52,53,54,5 42, 164,232,252,260,270,277,293,30
5,65,90,95, 134, 135, 139, 144, 159, 176,40 4,321,330,354,364,374,379,397,407,
5,406,407,408,475,476,477,478,480, 411,416,418,420,422,428,437,447,45
600,622,637 5,458,468,479,625,644
MERMAIDS.....6,42,52,406,407,408,4 MISSIONARY.....397,407,420,428,43
80,637 7
MERMEN.....49,50,51,53,54,55,407,62 MISSOURIL.....396
2
MITHRA.....207,221,446,447,451,452
MESO POTAMIA.....29,36,37,41,49,55, 472
59,7 1,73,77,78,79,98,99 ,122,148,151,1
86, 192,300,315,337,379,592,609,62 1 MITHRAIC.....221,446,451,452,472
MESSIAH.....55,110, 137,176, 188,222,27 MOMMY/MAMMY.....40

6,457
MONARCHY.....387
METUCHEN.....411
MONOLITHICALLY.....333,39 1
MEYEROWITZ.....549
MONSTER.....173,407,488,559
MINAKSI.....55
MONTANISTS.....396
MINERVA.....99,101,10 2,122,186, 199,2
07,219,316 MONTHS.....306,325,572
MINOA.....30,81,101,115, 118,122, 138,18 MOON......38,45,72.79,81,83, 109, 136,

8,192,193, 194,264,288,300,315,318,37 141,152,159,185,200,204 231,269,532
9,593,595,597,628,041,644 ,548 ,549,554,599,600,6 16,62 1,622,6
23,636,641
MINONA.....42,379
MORAL.....7, 11,13,53, 146, 183,191, 192,
MINOR 242,256,259,287 332,334 ,338,373,39
(DEITIES).....22,31,37,42,60 ,61,71,99,10 8,403,409,4 15,4 16,4 19,423,431,433,
4,114, 118,124,125, 134,138,139,141,151,1 434,435,438 489 ,494 ,526,534,535,5
55,162,163, 179,180, 186,188, 192,195,21 40,555,557,577,580,58 1,585,586,587
5,216,219,220,222,224,228,230,231,23 ,588,589,60 1,604,628
5,237,246,251,254,268,269,3 15,34 1,39
1,415,436,448,455,460,476,493,505,5 MORALITY.....434,435
49,555,595,597,602,605,608,612,627,
638 MORALLY.....416,535,586
MINOS.....28,8 1,037 MOSES.....72, 141,176,188 ,423,494,59

2,594,595,596
MIRROR......4,56,13 1,139,477,489,5 13,6
29,642 MOTHER OF FERTILITY.....139,607
MISCONDUCT.....573 MOTHER OF MERCY.....

139
MISERY.....557 MOTHER-GODDESS.....48
MISFORTUNE.....224,248,296,349,527, MOTHERG....5, 12, 16,22,38,39,58,60,

558,574,611,613,615 67,69,80, 101,105,121,123,124,125, 126
127,128, 129,130, 131,132,133, 134,135,
MISFORTUNES.....224,248,349,574,611 136,137,138, 139,140, 141,142,143,144,
613 145,146,147,148,177, 192,193, 194, 199,
8706 INDEX
201,202,2 15,228,239,260,261,264,272, MYSTICISM.....118,467,482,618

284,294,299,3 16,332,349 ,383,388,393
,415,419,434,483,486,528,530,540,54 MYTHICAL.....21,40, 137, 184,386,405,
7,549,578,59 1,594 ,596,597,599,601,6 479,488,547
05,608 ,625,638,640
MYTHOLOGIES....49,96,317 318,377,
MOUNTAIN.....30,33,37 ,42,44,47 ,48,4 378
9,98,120,125,148, 152,204,229, 318,379
,507,531,554,555,603,6 12,626,642 MYTH OLOGY.....10,10,45,45,48 48,4
9,49,50,50 99,99, 101,101,105, 105,118
MOUTH.....51,64,66, 106, 182,204,2 11,2 MUISMS SSS So Mooyioi alDze uc ee
16,217,234 ,236,249 ,252,253,254,332,3 201,20 1,288,288 ,318,318,445,445,47
62,383,453,562,608 6,476,609 ,609,626,626
MOVED.....94,101,130,244,285,292,312 MYTHS.....36,40,49,51,95, 129,134,187

,361,397,402,434,444,631 ,199,264,266,286,288,374,404,416,4
40,476,486,640
MULTI-COLORED.....56
MULTI-BREASTS.....77 N
MULTI-HEADED.....42,84 NABA......63,73,114,216,261,432,528,5
31,561,592,593,594,596,598,599,622,
MULTI-ETHNIC.....525,569,572,593 625
MULTIMAMMIA.....77, 139, 144, 148,64 NABATEANG.....528,531,56 1,593,594,

1 596,599,622
MULTIRACIAL.....254,569 NAGA ...72, 73,159,287
MUMMIFIED....453,454 NAGAS.....72,73,287
MURDER.....13,96,145,176,180,199,202 NAGO.....250,369,494,560
,240,287,295,303,403,4 15,4 18,433,45
3,467 468,585 NAMMU.....48
MUSIC.....126,189,192,194,195,203,233, NANA.....42,42,77,77 , 122,122, 193,19

294,417,447,508,5 15,566,586,638 3,196,196 ,318,318,511,511,517,517,556
,556,607 ,607,622,622,641,641
MUSICIAN.....233,294,5 15,566
NANNA.....38,77,78, 122,197 ,315,622
MUT.....4 1,158, 162, 193,212,362,365,37
0,396,614 NANNIES....402,535
MYCENAE.....46,46,59,59, 101,10 1,118,1 NAPATA.....596
18,122,122,127,127, 130, 130, 133, 133,18
8,188, 189, 189, 192,192,194, 194,264,26 NATIONAL.....90, 112,142,145, 192,218
4,269,269,288,288,315,315,476,476,4 ,219,220,223,232,253,261,285,288,3
96,496,593,593,595,595,597,597 628, 02,303,368 ,390,409,411,417,571,59 1,
628,641,641,644,644 596,629
MY CENEA.....61,155, 189,215,228 NATIONS.....23,60,71,73,95, 110,134, 1
37,142,152, 190,194,206,207,217,218,
MYSTERIES.....12,24,40 ,42,50 ,62,132,1 223,227 ,230 ,238 ,244,280 ,288 ,304,3
33,136, 151,173, 193,207,211,221,227,25 11,313,314,322,332,337,370,442,446,
6,259 ,269 ,270 ,300 ,332 ,408 ,420 ,467,4 48 1,490,513,546,566,569,57 1,573,58
72,490,555,557,560,562,594 626,639, 3,640,641
645
NATIVE.....95,96, 189,234,238 ,239,321
MYSTICAL.....29, 123,141,159, 161,172, 18 322,323,325 327 ,364 ,385 ,396,416,4
6,214,224 ,269 ,284 ,390 ,391,397,401,4 28,438,439 ,460 494
05,472,475,478,479,617,6 19,628,639
877 INDEX
NATUFIANS.....52 628,629,630,631,632
NATURAL.....18, 100,102,179, 183,190 ,2 NILE RIVER.....52, 137,157,2 15,641

10,288,292,304,378,473,483,506,507,
512,542,547,555,556,570,580 NIMBUS. ....137,176,268,452,455,456,
459,461
NATURE.....18,42,43,76,99, 137, 154, 160
,177,179,182,204,24 1,284 292,329,333 NIMROD.....636
,374,378,391,416,423,425,452,454,46
5,473,477,480,484,488,512,514,560,5 NINHURSAG.....47,48, 122,208
61,567,569,578,582,584,585,600,602,
623 NINTU.....122
NATZIR....471 NOAH .....44,44,95,95, 100,100,141, 14

1,184,184, 185,185, 188, 188 ,230 ,230,2
NAYE.....384 SIV ILSIS 725M (725)!|
NEGLIGENCE.....572 NOMMOS.....49,50,51,405,574,643
NEGRESSESS.... 403 NOVEL.....385
NEGRO.....33, 152,153, 187,268,392,395, NOVELIST.....385

396,398 403,405,406,4 11,432,437 ,438
,454,477,480,535,604 NOVO.....312,382,385,386,387
NEGROES.....268,398,403,432,437,438 NUBIA.....52,54,57,63,97, 124,155, 188

454,535 ,228,261,269,279,531,593,594,596,59
9,618,622 ,626,635
NEHUSTAN.....73
NUBIAN/COPTIC.....97
NEITH.....39,54, 101, 102,180,251,253,25
9,269,293,314 385,398 432,490 ,491,5 NUBIANS.....52,57,63,531,593,594,59
31,537,549,589,594,618,644 6,599,622,626
NEITHER.....39, 180,25 1,253,259,269,29 NUMA.....138,235,237,445,446,450 ,4

3,314, 385,398,432,490,49 1,531,537,54 56,476
9,589,594,618,644
NUNS.....435,446
NEJTERS.....57
NUT.....54,249,324,340,430,439,453,
NEPTUNE.....224,64 1,643,646 454,528,543,55 1,552,556,56 1,581,613
NETJER.....49,73,95,
197 NYMPH.....99, 134, 137, 157,231,265
NEUTRAL.....586- NYMPHA....99
NEW
YORK.....71,95,96,133,144, 148,174,
177,264,266,411,438,442,591,625,
O
640
OANNES/NOMMOS/SESSENU.....40
NEWBELL.....393,395,405 5
NEWBORN .....57 1,584 OANNES.....75,75, 100, 100, 136, 136,17

9,179,230,230,244,244,252,252,379,
NEWELL.....411 379,405,405,626,626,637,637
NIGERIA.....39,45,88,89,91,95,173,307, OASIS.....10 1, 187

308,3 10,311,369, 376,39 1,439,440,560,
561,639 OBEISANCE.....100,424
NIKE.....8,33,209,461,610,613,623,627, OBELISK.....113,453,464
INDEX
OBI....52,73,223,368
437 439,465,588 OPPRESSED.....105, 155,375,622
594
ORACLES.....99, 131,186,187 189,190,
OCEAN...... 11,43,98,118,228,233,261,30 LON, 2108 ZAG 2122132 12 S52 ZA ZZ oe
6,366,408,622,626,646 225,232,243,248,249,250,251,252,25
7,266
OCTAD.....50
ORACULAR PRIESTESSES.....22
1,288
ODACON.....52,646
ORACULAR.....44,163,176,197,206,21
OFFERINGS.....129, 130,137, 139,141, 142, 7,221,227 ,259,276 286,288,332 ,461,
144,176,209 ,246,282,322,337 438,446 527
,447,449,450,453,456,465,499,508,57
4,594,638 OR DERS.....74, 104, 179, 180, 18 3, 196 ,2
21,223,237,245,260,269,378,396,446
OGOTEMMELI....49,95 ,447,451,452,494,574,579,597,602
OGUN.....562 ORGIASTIC.....176,373,434,435
OIL.....18,31, 18 1,221,259,27 2,296,312,3 ORION.....50,269

13,325,338,378,38 1,411,423,453,527,5
91,593,595,604,615 618,619 OROBOROUBS.....449
OKSUB.....73 OSIRIS.....51,58,95, 100, 134,137, 139,14

0,157,190, 197,202,221,224 ,254 ,268 ,2
OLD BABYLONIAN. ....446 69,445,448,450,452,454,472,608,61
2,621,036,638,639,641
OLIVE.....63, 186,253,453
OTWEASEE.....74
OLORUM.....561
OUTLAW ED.....245,246,247,372,418,
OMPHAE.....33,33,37,37,44,44,97,97,9 452,459
8,98,99 ,99, 100, 100, 101,101, 102, 102, 10
4,104,106, 106,110, 110,111,111, 113,113,11 OYO.....310,3 11,312,349 ,369,388
4,114, 115,115,116, 116, 117,117, 118, 118, 11
9,119,125, 125,128,128 ,129,129,130,130,
142,142,156, 156,157, 157,176,176, 188, 1
88,190, 190 ,191,191,205,205,208,208,2
19,219,231,231,251,251,252,252,268,26 PAGAN 22 18715;035123 14 5655217:
8,332,332,453,453,472,472,505,505,5 22,232,238,242,244,245,247,248,24
27,527 ,532,532,596,596,600,600,602, 9,250,252,254,264,281,282,285,287,
602,605,605,608,608 637,637 288, 302.304 ,338,373,404,410,416,41
7,419,421,425,428,448 449,452,453,
ONANES.....641 454 ,455,456,459,46 1,462,466 ,469,4
73,499,536,549,597,031
ONUFU.....74
PAGANS.....123,248,264,404,449,45
OPELE.....19, 180,623 55536
OPENER. ....231,452,500,562,631 PALESTINE.....99, 104, 106, 112,118, 122,
188, 196,208,221,251,315,316,464,635
OPHIOLATRY.....71 ,636,646
OPHIS.....72,72,73,73,105, 105,136, 136, PALLA NTIUM......130,628
188; 188, 192,192,277 277,313,313
PALLAS.....73, 108, 130,628
OPHITE.....72,73,105,139,277,455,458
PALM.....56,63,77,98, 109,110, 155,206
OPHITES.....72, 105, 139,277,455,458 ,238,285,306,312,451,453,551,552,55
5,561,595,623,630,642
OPON.....192,194,196,264,551,552,628
PANEL....452,465,547
636
INDEX
PANTHEON .....19,21,37 ,39,42,46,49,5 39,246,250,260,261,398,4 13,415,418,

0,67,69,71,126, 150,157, 161,197 212,215 438,443,461,531,639
,224,266,315,316,318,334,335,375,376,
377,378,383,389,460,487,491,496,50 PERSERPINE.....129, 159
6,529 ,556,557,563,578,586,587,592,5
93,600 609,618 ,631,644,645 PERSIA......174,447
PANTHEONG.....150,197,334,375 PERSIAN.....104, 112,194,197,205,210,

216,221,234,235,236,243,252,264,27
PANTHER.....310,384,393,455 3,452 ,464,527,625,639
PAPA.....20,24,63,94, 107,158, 191,205, PESSINUNCIAN.....119, 137,209

217,220,221,222,223,229,230,236,237,
239,240 ,241,242,243,244,246,248,24 PESTILENCE.....2 10,219,494
9,253,257 ,260 261,28 1,283 ,284 ,286,2
87,288 ,295,296,324,341,402,452,453, PETER.....395,395,437,437,449,449,4
454,456 ,462,466,571,631 52,452,453,453,454,454
PETRA.....63,114,287,421,453,535,592
23,229,230 ,236,237,240,241,242,243, ,596,598,610,625
244 ,246,248,257,260,261,281,283,286
,287,288,452,453,454,456,462,466,57 PHALLIC.....55,7 1,98, 108, 118
1,631
PHARAOH.....10 1,179,187,206,2 14,21
RABALS OS) 19122 1.229.230, 2350,2350 7,612
,241,242,243,244,2406,257,287,571
PHARONIC.....187
PARIS.....82,109, 115,134, 182,195,227 ,2
36,295,296,391,411,591 PHENODYPES;-
57a
PARRINDER......378 PHENOTYPIC.....26, 153,287,569,571
PATHED.....161,338,506,508,511,513,51 PHILISTINE.....46,635,636,637,638,
4,515,516,517 646
PATHS.....6,12,15,42,183,256,293,305,4 PHILISTINES.....46,635,636
13,508,562,574,631
PHILOSOPHY .....14, 14, 14,99,99,99, 12
PATRIARCHAL.....16,20,38,39 ,58,63,7 3,123,123, 133,133, 133,146, 146,146.15
6,100, 101,102,104, 114, 115,122,132,134, 5,155, 155,179,179, 179, 180, i80 ,180, 19
141,142,148,154,165,172,176,179, 180, 1 2,192,192,194,194,194,222,222,222,2
81,182,183, 184,190,193, 197,200,201,2 53,253,253,288,288,288,300,300,30
07,2 14,215,216,217,22 1,222,223,225,2 0,329,329,329,37 3,37 3,37 3,39 1,391,3
31,240,242,243,245,260,261,264,265, 91,421,421,421,428,428,428,438,438
283,3 16,377,378; 379,382 ,383,386,432 ,438,467,467 ,467,489,489,489,496,
,445,482,486,487,488,499,528,531,53 496,496,570,570,570,618,618,618,62
2,540,57 1,577 579,580 ,594 ,595,596,5 0,620,620
97,599,60 1,60 3,605,612 ,618,621,625,6
36,638 ,639,640 PHILTERS.....205,398
PATTERN..... 152,382 ,489,584 588 PHOENICIANS.....46,46,62,62,76,76,1

04,104,122,122,140,140, 153, 153,187,1
PELASGIAN.....130,211,259,277,458, 87,203,203,259,259,316,310,602,602
628 ,622,622,637,637,644,644,646,646
PEEES..191805623 PIDGIN.....40
PENIS.....113,453 PIGEON..... 110, 112,139,406,642
PER-UATCHET.....74 PIGEONS..... 110, 110,406,406,642,642
PERSECUTION......6,39,40, 114, 17 7,183 ,2 PILLAGE.....12,106,112,246,280,286,2
INDEX
87,455,467 646,647
PILLAGING..... 104,197,246 POSSESSION .....37,37,42,42, 100, 100,

125,125, 126,126,134, 134,176,176, 191,1
PIRATES..... 104,301 91,203,203,206,206,208,208,242,24
2,284 ,284,285,285,291,291,292,292,
PISGES<o5 333 ,333 337 ,337 393,393,400 ,400 ,4
34,434,449,449,481,481,484,484,50
PLAGIARIZED..... 104, 176,19 1,221,228, 8,508,515,515,516,516,554,554 ,569,5
232,235,236,238,249,251,415,467 69,573,573,636,636,638,638
PLAGUES.....243,259,494 POSSESSIONS.....100,125, 134,176,203

,206,337,5 15,573,638
PLANET.....50,323,45 1,499,526 ,610,617
,622,630,64 1.646 POST-COLONIAL.....40
PLA NETARY.....50,610,617 POTTER.....81,192,410
PLANTATION .....312,399,411,4 17,437,5 POWERS. ....18,56,73, 136, 156,179, 182,

306 212,240,255,257,270,288,295,377 41
6,425,445,451,513,548,605,608
PLATEA U.....368
PRACTITIONERS. .... 116,177, 181,3 16,31
PLIABLE....370 7,375 ,385,394,403,409,598 ,619
PLINY.....232,580 PRAISE.....24, 130, 131, 159,202,204,20

9,233,234,251,252,437 449,450,635
PLUTARCH.....445
PRAYERS.....100,214,337,349,359,36
PODS.....440,552 0,361,449 ,530,603,604
POET.....13 1, 134,188,194 ,195,206,209,2 PRE-CHRISTIAN/PRE-COLONIAL.....5

16,233,234 ,238,243,249,264,265,269, 65
285,334,491,515,545,566
PRE-COLONIAL.....393,565
POLLUTE....406
PRE-DYNASTIC.....74
POLYTHEISTIC....493,506,549
PRE-ROMAN.....173,452
POMPILIUS.....235,237,445
PRE-GRECIAN.....80,97 , 100, 128, 132, 1
POOR/OPPRESSED.....375 95,235,636
POOR.....141,202,231,304,333,334,350 PRE-ISLAMIC.....33, 114,496,592 ,594,6

,374,375,395,437,463,465,466,476,48 04
6,511,536,562,598
PREGNANCY.....306,568,572
POPE.....129,235,276,278,449,451,452,
453,450,457 PREJUDICE.....268 ,287 350,390 ,409,5
80
POPES.....276,449,451,453,456,457
PRESIDED.....131,452,613
POPO.....308,312,570
PRIESTESSHOOD.....105, 179, 188,2
11,2
PORT-GITY 2387 12,254 ,261,316,332,333,405,407,482
PORTO NOVO.....312,382,385,386,387 PRIESTHOOD.....95, 176,305,350 ,379,

425,438,5 11,626,644
PORTUGESE.....388,428
BRIESTEY ssl, 95: 212.2902
95.3 Hiso
POSEIDON.....38,46,95,99, 100,122,123, L953)
131,219,315,367,411,412,484,643,644,
INDEX
PRIESTS/ESS.....161,2 11,246,250,336,40 265,266,267 ,268,269,270,271,272,27

3,418,428,449,451,644 3,274,275,276,277,278,279,280,282,
284 ,285 ,286 ,287 ,288 ,332 ,338 392 ,3
PRIESTS.....12,39,42,51,61,73,86,99, 101, 97,457 461,471,506,548,560,56 1,593
102,10 4,106,118, 128,134, 158,161,162,1 594
77,179,180 , 186, 187,190 ,199,202,203,2
05,2 11,215,2 16,22 1,228 229 ,231,245,2 PROPHETIC.....59,101, 146,155, 176,180
46,247 ,248,250,255,259,260,269,270, 187,188,189, 190, 193,202,206,208,21
283,284,290,291,295,300,311,33 1,336, 7,218 ,219,222,232,233,234,235,236,2
337 ,338,346,359,37 1,377,379 ,386,387 38,239,243,244,249,250,253,254,25
,388 390,39 1,393,394,396,400,403,40 6,257,284,285,397,508
8,415,418,425,426,428,438,447,449,4
50,451,453,455,456 464 ,469 494 ,511,5 PROPHETS.....44, 176, 177,179, 180, 193
13,515,517,518,527,548,551,561,562,56 ,210,221,224,227,229,233,236,241,25
6,578,579,586,587,588,589,60 1,602 ,6 1,252,257,269,283,392,397,454,467,
07,6 18,6 19,638,639,644 506,548 ,560,561,593,594
PRIMEVAL.....48, 137,268 PROPITIATED.....418,508,538,539,54

0,542,573
PRIMORDIAL.....49,51,69,71
PROPITIATIONS.....272,562
PROCESSIONG.....130, 196,203,447,449
PROSCRIBED.....507
PROCREATION.....71,188
PROSE.....4 1,73, 188, 205,284,304
,603
PROGENITOR.....74,376
PROSERPINE.....73
PROGENY ..... 11, 15,293,301,374,535,62
5 PROSPERITY.....53,209,417 ,613
PRO PHECIES.....102, 176,179 ,180, 183,18 PROSTITUTION.....71,96,435,468,577

9,190, 191,205,207,208,210,213,218,21 ,622
9,220,22 1,222 ,223,224 ,225,228,2 30,2
31,232,235,236,237,238,240,242,243, PROTECT.....2,3,43,52,53,81, 132,140, 1
244,248,249,250,251,252,253,254,257 82,210,230,232,272,313,334,337,395,
,274,276,283,445,446,451,454,457,47 402,444 ,461,480,488,499,507,5 17,5
6 26,569,574,586,6 11,6 13,618,626,628,
631,635,641
PROPHECY.....5,37,67,100,163,179,180,
18 1,182,184,188, 190,204,2 15,224,237, PROTECTIVE.....43,140,2 10,334
239,240,242,249,251,257,262,269,273
,280 332,404,508 ,638 PROTO-SAHARAN.....54,95
PROPHESY..... 190, 191,194,235,236,238 PROTO-ELAMITE.....7 1, 139,186,628

SLD ILO NSS fi
PSYCHO-SPIRITUAL....40,409
PROPHET/ESS.....400
PSYCHOLOGY.....367,412,480
PRO PHETESS/PRO PHET.....560,561,59
3 PSYCHOTHERAPY.....585
PRO PHETESS.....5,36,37,38,41,63,79, 13 PTOLEMAIC.....57,59

1,163, 176,177, 178,179, 180,18 1,182,183,
184,185,186, 187, 188,189, 190,191,192, 1 PTOLEMY .....95,96
93,194, 195,196, 197,199,200 ,201,202,2
03,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211, PUCKETT....405
212,2 13,214,215,216,217 ,218,2 19,220,2
ZUZZZ223 224, 225,220,221, 2L0;229,, PYTHON.....37,38,44,59,7 1,72,79,80,
230,231,232,233,234,235,236,237,238, 87,98, 100, 101, 118,131,139, 14 1,189, 19
239,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,24 B21 2153217,,221,229,246,257 25973
7,248,249,250 ,251,252,253,254,255,2 89,390,461,48 1,608,638
56,257,258,259,260,261,262,263,264,
882 INDEX
RAM-HEADED.....51
Q RANK......6,2 1,101, 130,284,285,326,3
77,398,424,440 456,469,5 11,513,514,
QATTARA.....54 516,517,518,551,567,594,623
QUATCHIE.....376 RAIPES2.72-92,0 Ld, 09 OS ROL OZaL
37,137 ,140,140,22 1,221,229,229,271,
QUEEN OF 271,274,274,348,348,423,423,434,4
HEAVEN.....128, 139, 140, 189,197,236,6 34,452,452,461,461,481,481,483,483
26,035,641 572 572,578,578 ,584 ,584 ,597 ,597,6
08,608
QUEEN.....5, 18,20 ,30,37,38,41,57 ,58,6
0,67,74,80,95, 100, 101,112, 121,122,123, RAYS.....73,98
,188, 189,208,454,461,5
124,125,126, 127,128,129, 130, 131,132, 13
49,594
3,134, 135, 136,137, 138,139,140,141,142,
143,144,145, 140,147,148, 184,189,192,1
RE-ENSLAVEMENT.....396
93,194,197 ,198,199,200,20 1,220 ,228 ,2
29,2 36,262,27 2,285,316 ,332 ,360 ,361,3 RE-EDUCATE....441
79,38 1,383,393,415,445 446,448,451,
464,476,483,517,528,540,547,549,59
RED SEA.....43
4,596,597 ,599 ,60 1,605,608,609,625,6
20,635,636,638,640,64 1,642
REED-BOAT.....54
QUEENG.....18,95,122, 184,201,228,272,
REINCARNATE.....533,574
332,379,393,415,448,609
REINCARNATION. ....8,567,569,572
QUEENSHIPS=..379
QUIDAH.....310,312,363,387,390,428 RELIGIONS.....11, 12, 13, 14, 19,20,27,38,

39,95,96,105, 156,163, 176,178, 181,253
,259,260,261,277,284,288,293,30 1,3
02,304,316,317,349,378,399, 403,404
409 ,410,4 16,417 ,419,420,421,427,4
41,443,448,450,458,472,486,488,48
RACIAL/ETHNIC/ FAMILY /COSMOGE 9,493,512,530,536,537,546,573,587,
NETIC.....569 619,620,640
RACIAL/ETHNIC.....569,57 1 REMNANTS.....36,39,51,63, 105, 116,17
7,376,392,455,530,532,576,639
RACIAL.....6,8,26,27,29,33, 145,148, 156
, 160,162, 1605, 173, 184,206,220,254,277 RESTITUTION .....338,433,448,526,52
,287,294,305,350,365,375,433,458,46 9,531,536,537 538,606
0,464,475,476,478,480 481,485,488,
490,49 1,536,537,569,570,57 1,619,631 RESURRECTION....51,58, 159,190,254,
404,453,454,639
RACIALISM.....57 1
REVOLLT.....184,214,215,22 1,222 ,287 ,3
RACIALLY.....29,165,184,57 1 72,399,597 ,636
RACISM.....6,19,20,40, 183,250,287,40 REWARDS.....420,587,644
2,413,415,419,420,483,484,537,571,57
7,581,585 RHEA.....224,224,323,323
RACIST.....14,20,31,154,245,284,285,2 RINGS.....29,40,41,98,130,139,144,181
88,373,399,4 15,417 ,418,4 19,420,42 1,4 254 282,30 1,302,313,322,323,334,33
22,424,425,426,433,434,444,473,480 7,364,418,437,446,447,449,452,465,
481,486 a eee 15,63
,640
RAILROAD.....368
RITES.....19,20 ,58,62 ,95,104,123,125,1
RAINBO W.....328,395,46 1,503,517,619 26, 130, 132,133,138, 139,141,142,151,15
,631 4,156, 160, 162,176, 180, 181,183, 186, 19
883 INDEX
7,222,233,238,249,254 ,261,267,280,2 85,386,387 ,388,542,596,600,628,64

85,291,30 1,305 ,316,336,337,374,392,3 4
94,404,409,4 18,4 19,421,429,435,444,
445,446,447 ,448,450,454,459,460,46 RULERS.....20,52,58,95,2 18,227 ,313,3
2,464,476,482,499,509,512,519,526,5 14,364 ,382,384,385,386,428
28,530,532,578,585,59 1,593,603,608,
609,623,625,626,639,645 RULERSHIP.....58,386
RITUALS.....14,18,52,60,99,125, 183,205
,245 248,280,286, 300,331,350,373,37
5,419,454 ,456,472,499,5 15,538,567,5
$
us SA-MEJI.....563
RIVER .....52,54, 126, 137,151,154, 157,215 SABAEANG.....531,56 1,593,594 ,599,6
,220,229,238,28 1,306,310,384,387,46 22
6,477,478,536,612 ,622,625,627,628,6
40,641,642 SACER DOTAL.....5, 18,37, 38,43,55,56,
57,58,59,61,73, 101, 103, 122,138,176, |
RIVERS....54, 154,220,229,306,387,47 80, 18 1,183, 190, 192, 193,2 15,217,220,2
7,625,040,642 23,240 ,243,246 259,260 ,286,315,316
,317,332,333,337,338,377,379,381,4 1
RIVIERE.....591 5,428,445,449,459,476,511,512,513,5
14,5 16,518,540,605,608,609,628,639
ROBES.....446
SACRAMENTS.....447
ROCK.....97,104, 114,137,149 ,211,284,2
85,294,415,452,453,507,596,603 SACRED BLACK BULL..... 139
ROMAN EMPIRE.....145,207,277,458 SACRIFICES.....46,58 ,60, 100, 131,134, 1
37, 154, 188, 196,200,210,211,223,226,
ROMANG.....57, 104,106, 112,114,127, 12 245,247,248 ,271,322,446,449,463,4
9,132,138, 146,176,203,209,216,221,22 65,486,499 ,530,532,541,558,58 1,602
5,237,238,248,254,257,269,285,30 1,4 ,603,610
49,451,458,465,466,482,598,618,626,
628,630 ,631,639,640,643 SAGES.....48,53, 191,206,222,228,334,
349,555,556,557,558,59 |
ROME.....19,63,96, 118, 124, 125, 126, 127,
132,139, 141,142,144,145, 148,155,176, 1 SAGGS.....148
806, 187,192,195,207,208,209,211,225,2
31,233,236,237,238,240,243,244,246, SAINTS. ....95, 130, 176, 193,272,283,44
247,248,250,251,257,258,259,260,261 3,444,449,453,456
,262,264,272,273,274,275,276,277,28
0,28 1,282,284 285,287 ,394 398 ,415,4 SAIS.....10 1,111,464
47,449,450,453,455,456,457 ,458,461,
462,463,464,465,475,476,505,580,59 SAKPATA.....386,387,494,549
8,612,613,616,619,620,628,630,63 1,63
4,637,639 SAMARITANS.....105
ROMISH....
449 SAMOTHRACE.....194,631
ROOTS.....12,40, 106, 113, 115, 136,194,25 SAMPSON.....100,43 1

2,261,307 ,358 363,375,434 ,440 ,444,5
26,528 ,538,577,592,601 SAMSON.....46
ROOTW ORKER.....406 SAMUEL.....106, 106,212,212,257,257,

284,284,411,411
ROSE.....41,42,45,73,
123, 134 ,188,205,2
11,265,284,304 ,318,331,450,578,582,5 SANCTIONED.....2 10,399 417,418,419
83,588,592,603,608,623 ,434,537
ROYAL.....7,60 ,63,75,95, 10 3, 119, 124,2 SANCTITY.....499,537,540

69,3 10,332,377,379,38 1,382 383,384 ,3
884 INDEX
SAND.....19,21,26, 38,4 1,54,55,57,60,61 9,359, 364,37 1,396,397,404,408,411,

,63,66,125, 139, 155,156, 190, 196,204,21 413,419,425,454,460,530,571,614,62
0,215,250 ,310,3 12,365,403,405,429,4 8
32,449,466,467,532,546,549,561,576,
595,60 1,602,603,609,623,625 SECRETS.....32,50,54,323,326,408,42
5
SANSCRIT.....72,
134, 140, 157
SECULAR..... 180,181, 190,220,396,4 17
SANTA.....277,447 ,460
SAR-APIS.....73 SEDITIOUS....403
SARAPIS.....447 SEGREGATED.....571
SATAN.....15,416,42 1,558,60 1,604 SEGREGATION.....178,396
SATIS:2.322Z SEIZED.....101,102,106, 138, 162, 163,17

9,187 ,191,202,215,216,218,227,239,3
SAVA.....29,384,427,439,543 87,388,464,516
SAVE.....44, 190 ,253 ,294 ,330 ,397 ,418,4 SELEUCIAN.....112
SELF-GREATED:.238).73
SAVI.....18,44,51,73, 107,130,154, 176,18
8, 190,219,236,237,241,244,305,334,39 SELF-CREATOR.....41
0,435,445,455,459,460 469,472,542
SELF-INITIATION....95,515
SAVIOR.....18,18,44,44,51,51,73,73, 107
, 107, 130, 130, 154,154,176,176,188,188, SELF-REALIZATION.....508
190, 190,2 19,219,236 236,237 ,237,24 1,
241,244,244 ,305,305,334,334,435,435 SELF-RESPECT ....508
,445,445,455,455,459,459,460,460,46
9,4609,472,472 SEMITIC.....71,221,454
SCA RECROW.....411 SENEGAL.....39,363,376,39 1,622,639
SCHIZOPHRENIA.....574 SENEGAMBIA.....396,398,592,596
SCHOLARG..... 18, 19,20,26,27,30,31,77, SEPOLTURA.....453,454

100, 152,189,233,368,378,379,389,395,
397 ,408,416,446,466,471,479,480,59 SEPTRE---..56,113
9,604
SERAPIS....44,73,139,276,457
SCR IPT.....6,7,21,42,99,
137, 141,180,210
242,276,285, 333,334,454,457,463,49 SERPENT -WORSHIPING.....288,561
5,516,548,561,601
SERPENT-SPIRIT..... 166,393
SCYTHIANS.....74, 148, 198,548 636
SER PENT.....5,29,37,44 ,49,50 ,63,65,6
SEAMEN.....406 6,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,
80,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92
SEAT.....5,33,58,97, 101, 122, 176, 185, 190 ,93,94,95 ,96,98 , 103,128, 129,131,132, 1
,217,306,316,331,332,452,476,486,538 34, 136,139,140, 144,148, 154,156, 159,1
61,166, 172,176, 182 , 186, 189,195 ,197,2
SECOND.....2,3,5,112,149,204,223,224, 05,207,208,220,221,228,229,239,24
227,233,239,241,242,264,306,307,324 4,253,256,259,261,272,276,285,286,
,374,381,384,452,514,545,554,621 287,288,295,310,312,315,318,328,32
9,362,368,372,388, 389,390 393,394,
SECRECY .....393,394 395 ,396 ,406,413,423,447,449,455,4
57,46 1,482,485,489,503,505,517,548
SECRET..... 13, 19,32,40,50,54,83,84, 190 549 ,554,561,593,594,600,608,609,6
256,284,296, 307 ,308,323,326,348,34 13,619,623,628,630,63 1,632,637
885 INDEX
SERPENTINE.....69,505,548,600,608,61 02,612,631
3
SHUTTER.....452
SERVANT.....239,262,282,311,36 1,397,
398, 491,526,549,643,644 SIBS227.7,39 45,01,70; 72 412 11412 2.4
26, 138,192 ,193,206,225,241,256,261,
SESENU.....45 308,310,311,312,315,316, 318,368,377,
390 ,445,456,509,526,527,528,529,5
SEVEN-GATED.....45 30,53 1,542,570 593,597 ,605,606 ,618
SEVEN.....7,43,45 ,48,51,53,72,73,95,13 SIBYL/MA MAISSIL.....332,393

8,140, 156, 182,185, 196,200,224,278,29
0,300,378,447,451,548,603,623,638 SIBYL.....5,6,36,37,38,41,59,60,61,62,
72,74,80,99, 100, 101,102,106,109,110,
SEVENTH WONDER OF THE 113,122 ,123,124,125, 131,141,155, 157,1
WORLD.....140 58, 162,163,176, 178,179, 180,18 1,183,1
84,185, 186,187,188, 189,190, 19 1,192,1
SEVENTH.....51,140,185 93,196,197,202,203,205,206,207,208
,210,211,212,213,215,2 16,2 17,218,219,
SEX.....8,13,19,20, 182, 198,2 16,256,333, 220,221,222,223,224,225,227,228,22
335,337,434,435,480,549,565,566,576 OZ SOMO, ZS2,299;2 54,230) 250025,
,577,578,579,580 581,582,583 ,584,58 238 ,239 240 ,241,242,243,244,245,2
6,587,588,622,623 46,248,249,250,251,252,253,254,255
,256,257,259,26 1,262 ,263,264,266,2
SEXES.....580 69,271,272,273,274,275,276,277,278
279 ,280 ,281,282,283,284,285,286,2
SEXUAL.....8,13,19,182,198,216,256,33 87,288 ,316,332,376,392,393,396,397
3,335,434,435,549 ,565,566,5706,577,5 ,423,445 446,447 ,451,454,457,458,4
78,579,580,58 1,582,583,584,586,587, 61,471,475,505,561,594,596,625,628,
588,622 629,630,63 1,635,637 ,638,639
SEXUALITIES....588 SIGKEE
0
SEXUAIEIDN lS32,505,520,577, 575,57 SICKNESS/DISEASE.....58 1

9,580 ,58 1,582 ,583,584,586,587 588
SID-AUN.....46
SHANGA.....49
SIDON.....33,46, 142,206,635
SHEEP.....2 13,238,423
SIGHTING.....406,407
SHIKPAA.....74
SILK-COTTON.....387
SHIPLOAD.....368 SIMON.....452,453,545
SHIPMATES.....368 SIRIUS....50,50,51,5 1,64,64, 105, 105,1

13, 113,266,266
SHIPS TA IS 7S L952 16, 209533753
76,379,483,507,516,544,578,582,646 SISTERS. ....58, 189,228,292,396,623
SHIVA......73,74, 150,152, 155,156,157, 15 SISTURN.....56

8,159,160, 162, 164, 172, 173,479,646
SINGHING 52559
SHRINES/EDGBES.....515
SIWA.....10 1,187
SHRINES.....37,43,44,56,57,58 ,60,6 1,9
9,100, 101,102,108, 122,142, 143,144,150 SKY-GOD.....50
,164, 172, 188, 191,206,207,210,225,229,
232,233,246,260,269,280,290,292,30 SKY.....48,50,98,202,281,548,549,55
0,302,304,332,336,351,359,38 1,385,38 4,556,600,045
7,39 3,394,397,415,450 ,463,465,466,5
15,516,517,531,536,540 ,568 599 ,60 1,6 SLAUGHTER ED.....101,143,215,254,57
886 INDEX
9,597,601 84,185,187 ,188,195,198,203,211,216,2

24,246,247 ,269,281,296,304,311,333,
SLAVE-HOLDING.....368,369,372,373 337,350,362, 363,374,377, 381,382 ,39
1,402,403,442,466,494 535,598 ,614
SLAVE.....7,11, 13, 15, 19,24, 118,131,176, 1
77,178,180, 187,202,204,228,260 ,261, SOPHIA.....73,245
262,27 3,282,290,293 305,307,308 ,311
(312, 315,335,338 ,36 1,363,364 ,366,368, SORCERERS.....373,373,390,390,435,
369,370,371,372,373,374,375,376,380 435,573,573
,386 387 388,389, 39 1,392,393,394,39
5,396,397 ,399 406,408,411,415,416,41 SOTHIS 250
7,418 ,419,423,425,428,432,434,437,4
39,440,442 443,444,459 466,468 483 SOTO.....159,565,566,568,571,574,57
,488,494,507,509,521,525,527,528,52 Bysc)e)
9,530,531,532,533,534,535,536,537,53
8,539,540,542,544,568 ,569,570,572,5 SOUL/ROOT.....569
73,597,599 ,605,606,622,623
SOULS.....8,10, 15, 186,229,240 ,303,37
SLAVER.....7,178,202,228,260,262,290 3,397,410, 449,473,529,537,538,539,
311,335,364 ,368,37 1,372,386,387 389 540,565,560,567 ,568,573 606,615
,391,392,399,415,4 16,4 18,419,425,434,
437,483,494 ,507,528,529,530,531,534 SPAIN?-./,1,131
,535,536,537,538,540,542,568,569,57
O;57Z2.573;597 SPARTA....52,580,628
SLAVERY.....7,178,202,228,260,262,29 SPARTANS.....580
0,311,335,364,368,372,386,387,389,39
1,392,399,4 15,418,419,425,434,437,48 SPELL.....41,130,315,373,394,398,527,
3,494,507,528,529,530,53 1,534 ,535,5 561,601
36,537,538,540,542,568,569,570,572,
53507, SPELLS....373,398
SMALLPOX .....387,494 SPES/GAIA/URANIA/LI..... 108
SNAKELIKE.... 406 SPHERE.....43,260,288,369,378,399,4

06,417,472,539,542,587
SOCIETIES.....18,43,104,122,183,215,30
7,308 ,396,397,487,577 SPHERES.....43,378,406
SOGBO.....378,563 SPINAS....453
SOIL.....381,527 SPIRIES-<.-- 7511, 12519;20)21,22,50:99;1

BLS MNOS: Ut NOD 22. 21O eNO LL oak
SOLAR/SUN .....38,43,45,46,51,55,56,5 25,239,240,248,249,257,262,280,28
8,59,63,06,75,77,78,82,93, 113,122,124 4,290 ,291,292,294,295,296,297,299,
,125,128,130,134,137,140,163,176,208, 300,30 1,302,304, 318,322,324,328,32
224,227,24 1,269,284 ,334,338,452,456 9, 330,33 1,358 ,362 ,369 ,371,374,391,3
,460,461,472,481,548,549,607,608,61 95,396 ,397,399,401,402,406,4 16,418
0,623,636,639 ,420,432,444,448,473,490,493,502,
512,514,526,531,533,538,539,540,54
SOLOMON .....53,82, 134,138, 140 ,206,2 2,544,545,548,549,552,571,574,586,
30,235,450 ,607 588,620
SOLSTICE.....445 SPIRITUALIST.....396,400,401
SONG.....49,176,216,23 1,251,3 11,337 ,3 SPIRITUALLY.....39,39,43,43,194,194,

62,437 ,449,508,516,538,562,596,605, 288 ,288,3 19,3 19,330,330,463,463,46
626 7,467,505,505,514,514,535,535,557,5
57,574 ,574,605,605,619 619
SONGS. ....337,362,437,5 16,538,562
STAR.....16,50,51,55 ,64,69 ,75,76,80,8
SONS.....14, 19,3359, 105, 115,150,180, 1 2,100, 113,131, 134,142,143,150,157,181
887 INDEX
,182,199,206,208,2 15,219,224 ,237,290 SUPERNATURAL.....288,292,506,507

294 324,348 ,382,396,402,413,446,44 5D 127 50
7,462,468,469,477,478,48 1,484 ,531,5
48,549, 566,599,600 ,602,605,6 10,617, SUPERN ATURALLY .....292,507,556
618,621,622,623,628,635,636,64 1,642
SUPERSTITIONS.....374,619
STATUE.....101, 104, 105, 124, 125, 128, 133
, 136, 137,142,150, 196,209,228,236,423, SUPPRESSION.....21,40,177,242,372,3
452,453,460,47 1,475,607 612,632 77,398,416,418,419,421,443,573,599,
623
STATUS.....30,39,105 ,137,151,176,222,2
28,242,245,261,314 ,317,333,338,378,4 SURNAME.....453
52,456,459,508,511,513,644
SUSA.....446,609
STOLEN .....14,63, 138,178, 181,183,187 ,2
24,228 ,232,398 ,454,455 476,613 SUSPICION .....350,398,403,421
STONE.....57,60,61,66,97,99, 104, 115,11 SUZANNE.....367,384

9,136,137, 148,199,200,203,209,210,22
8,23 1,266,267 ,268,269 ,288 ,326,348 ,4 SWAMP.....390,437
46,453,456,47 1,490,530 ,532,596,600,
602,603,622,623,637,642,645,646 SWING.....434,587
STREAMS.....54,625,627,640 SYBIL.....131,215,227,249,257,280,28
4,285,469
SUBGROUP.....3 10,37 1,388,393
SYMBOLISMS.....65, 100, 156,400,443,
SUBGROUPS.....3 10,388,393 462,640
SUBJUGATING..... 156,317,571 SYNCRETISM.....6,150,164,443,444
SUDAN.....39,39,41,41,85,85,308,308, SYRIA....44,44,44,52,52,52,55,55,55,
310,310,385,385,429,429,464,464,496 62,62,62,65,05,65,66,66 ,66,71,71,71,
,496,528,528,530,530,592,592,593,59 95,95,95,96,96,96,99 99,99 102,102, 1
3,596,596 ,597 ,597 ,601,601,604,604,6 02,104, 104,104,105,105, 105,112,112, 1
05,605 12,113,113, 113,114, 114,114,115, 115,115,
118,118,118,122,122,122,124,124,124,1
SUFFERING.....19,19,40,40, 180, 180, 190, 31,131,131,140, 140,140, 141,141,141,14
190,290,290 ,292,292,293,293,294,294 8,148, 148,157,157, 157,159, 159,159, 18
,295,295,30 1,30 1,302,302,303,303,30 8,188, 188,200,200,200,2 16,216,216,
4,304,330,330,334,334,350,350,364,3 225,225,225,228,228,228,241,241,24
64,398,398,4 19,419,437,437,486,486, 1,259,259,259,260,260,260 268,268,
531,531,537,537,558,558,640,640 268,269,269,269,301,30 1,301,315,315
,315,316,316,316,424,424,424,447,44
SUGGS.....407 | 7,447 527,527 527,547 547,547,571,
571,571,592,592,592,596,596,596,61
SUICIDE.....96, 100,215,297 ,409 2,612,612,616,6 16 616,626,626 ,626,6
34,634,634,635,635,635,637,637,637
SUMERIAN.....48,72,95,
105, 113 ,638 ,638 ,638 ,640 ,640 ,640 ,641,641,6
41,643,643,643,044,644,644
SUMERIANS.....95,105,
113
SUN.....30,38,44,45,46,53,55,56,66,70,
72,73 ,81,97,98,99, 100,102, 106, 108, 10
T
9, 112,113,128, 130, 134, 139, 149, 152, 153, TABOO.....19,70,134,190 245,335,530
154,155,160, 162,172,182, 187,189,190, 1 ,569,573,576,578,579,581,582,60 1,6
95, 198,199,208 ,213,229,231,252,262,2 03,623
65,280,3 18,328,334 ,368,4 16,435,450,
451,452,453,460,469,472,477,496,49 TABOOS.....19,70, 190 ,245,335,530,56
9,527 ,536,549 579,599 ,626,635,642,6 9,573,581,582,60 1,603,623
47
TADO/NOTSIE/TOGO.....389
888 INDEX
TADO.....310,310,38 1,38 1,382,382,385, TENETS.....6,506,507,508,599

604
385,389,389
TERQIAS LOL
TAMIL.....73,95, 105,128, 129,150,151,15
2,155,156, 159, 162,172,173, 196,212,431, TERRESTRIAL.....99, 192,478,602
445,482,628,044
TESTAMENT.....104, 104, 136, 136,257,2
TAMILS.....129,151,162,172,445 57,390,390,455,455,540,540,625,62
5
TAMMUZ.,.....338
RED.
SZ 57S
TAMUL.....151,561
TEUTONS.....580
TANIS.....15,241,242,396,416
THEBA.....45,236
TANIT.....69,
122, 130,13 1,138, 182,208,2
09,246,272,446,494,622 THEBES.....44,44,45,45,72,72,101,101,
111,111,127, 127,186,186, 187,187,215,2
TAPHNAI.....280 15,252,252,464,464
TAROT.....269,514,6
13,623 THEOLOGICAL.....154,164,172,181,22
1,222,242,244,250,286,288,302,303,
TARRAUS.....73 375,400 ,409 ,444 ,448 ,462 ,468 ,506,5
55,577 ,582,598 599,604 ,619
TAURIANS.....72, 139,287,612
THEOLOGY... 14,38,138, 155, 156,179,
TAURIC DI-ANA..... 139 197 ,205,222,254,284 ,302,316,338,37
3,399,419,431,438,443,444,448,454,
TAURIC.....139, 141,142 455,460 ,461,472,482,499,512,568,57
1,579,585 586,618
TAURUG..... 139, 149, 152,548,549
THOLOS/ARGO/ARK.....100,106
TCHAMBA.....7,7,24,24, 115, 115,291,29
1,292,292,310,310,360,360,361,361,36 THREE-H EADED.....51,618
2,362,509,509,525 ,525,526,526,527,5
27,528,528,529,529'530,530,53 1,531,5 THRONE.....20,75,96,122,124,211,224
32,532,533,533,534,534,535,535,5306,5 ,238 ,276 ,381,382,385,386,388,447,4
36,537 ,537,538,538,539,539,540,540, 49 453,456,457 ,621,628,636
542,542 ,544,544,545,545,563,563,599
,599,606,606,623,623 THUNDER..... 101, 117,118,122, 137,176,
179, 182,187,189, 190 ,201,206,2 10,211,
TCHE/ASHE.....568 215,217,230,300,317,329,378,448,44
9,405,497,548,578,594,618,619,639,
TCHET.....73,74,75 642,645
TE-KHA....46 TIAMAT.....49,53
TEMA.....102,211,232,260,273,292,30 1, TITHING.....446,447
338 ,370,390,409,411,415
TOGBUI.....24,229,259,291,299,352,3
58,391,518,542,543,549,555
TEM PLES.....33,43,44 56,57 ,58,59 61,7
2,73,97,100,101,102, 104, 105,108,116, 1 TOGO.....6,6,24,24,39,39,112,112,116,
21,122,125, 128,129, 132, 136, 137, 138,14 116,162, 162,172,172,206,206,259,259
0,142, 143,145,149, 151,155,156, 159, 162, ,264,264,288,288,290,290 300,300,
179,180, 183, 186,187, 193,194,196,197,1 308 ,308, 309,309 ,310,310,3 11,311,312
98,199,200,20 1,202 ,203,205,211,213,2 312,313,313 ,314,314,319,319,321,321,
15,2 16,217,218,219,225,227,229,231,23 S2TESZ LI S23337 35950) 590.355555
2,233,242,244,245,246,247,248,249,2 6,336,337,337,339,339,34 1,341,344,3
60,264,269 ,280,28 1,286,287 336,337, 44,345, 345,346, 346,347,347 351,351
394,428 440,447 450,453,455,462,46 ,352,352,353,353,358, 358,359,359 ,36
6,467 476,527,594 ,605,6 18,638,639 4,364 369,369, 38 1,381,388,388,389,
889 INDEX
389,390,390,391,39 1,400,400,411,411, TRANSLATED.....66,104,266,394,625

429,429,476,476,477,477,509,509,51
9551975205520) 52152 524,524 525,52 TRANSPORTED.....11,72, 118 ,182,196,2
559265526,528,528,531,531,532,532,53 61,290, 305,312,363,366,369,375,397,
6,536,538,538,552,552,553,553,554,55 408,42Z8,505,532
4,559,559,560,560,561,561,562,562,57
6,576,591,591,600,600,606,606,621,6 TRAUMATIC....507
21,622,622 ,639 ,639 640 ,640 ,641,641,6
43,043,044,644 TRAVEL.....40, 116, 125, 136,177,231,23
3,290 ,300,322,323,363,374,496
TOGOLAISES.....591
TRAVELING.....496
TOGOLAND.....312,322,591
TREAT MENT.....293,323,324,330,396,
TOHOSOUW.....119,119 409,479,567
TOHWIYO.....120, 120,384 ,384,385,38 TREE -15;20555;63,96,98 12618213

5,406,406 4,136, 148,2 12,24 1,280 ,284 ,287 ,324,3
63,387,437,507,574,582,6 15,623,639
TOMB.....176,257,276,278,381,446,45 O42
4,457,404
TREES.....284,387,437,507
TORCHES.....129, 142,496
TRIBES.....20,72,102,104,152,156,203,
TORMENTED.....398 217,218,244,288,393,4 14,4 16,580,59
3,594,597,604
TOTEM.....38,71,72,76, 100, 103, 108, 116
,118, 120 ,123, 137,139,140, 182, 187, 193, 1 TRIBUTARIES.....56
99,2 13,256,284,340,355,369,390,39 1,3
93,424,455,490,527,532,555,594,600, TRIBUTARY.....311,387,388
609,623,626,630,642,646
TRICKSTER.....557
TOTEMIC.....38,71,72,76, 100,103,108, 1
16,118,120,139,140,182,187,256,284,35 TRINIDAD.....406,529,546
5,369,390,393,42.4,455,490,527,532,5
55,594,600,609,626,630 TRINITY.....172,445,452 ,455,60 1,62 1,
635
TOTEMG.....193,2 13,256,340
TRIPEE-GOD/DESS
2.51
TOURISM.....411
TRIPLE-HEADED.....54,54,56,56,67,67
TOVO DOU.....44,385,517,518,555 ,124,124, 162, 162,173,173,272,272,44
5,445,621,62 1,64 1,64 1,643,643
TOWIYO.....563
TRIPLE.....20,37,45,51,54,56 67,78, 12
TOWNSHIP...
402 3,124, 136, 155, 162, 173, 199,272,360,36
1,445,578,621,627,641,643
TRADITIONALISTS.....239, 311,530,532
TRIR@D
zs. 19599
TRANCE.....37,125,126,134,206,211,231
242,284 ,285,393 508,613 RIROE
a o9
TRANQUILITY....403 TRITON.....54,54,99,99, 151,151, 186, 18

6,316,316,484,484,6044,044
TRAN SFORM......11,53,94, 149, 156, 159, 1
61,163,328,473,475,490,505,508,549, TRITONIS.....54
550,555,644
TRIUMPHS.....447
TRANSFORMATION.....11,53, 159, 161,4
73,490,508,644 TRIVCRAMA.....112
TRANSGENERED.....582 TROSKIS.....576
890 INDEX
TROSUVI....585 UNIVERSITY.....10,24,25,78,79,95, 112,

148,264,348 ,367,412,546,547,625
TSOTSOKE....
446
UNOFFICIAL.....383
TULA-ME/JI.....563
URAEUS.....73,74
TURKEY.....37,37,99,99, 114, 114,122,122
,124,124, 141,14 1,155,155, 186, 186, 188,1 USURPATION.....39, 101,10 3,179,217,2
88,192, 192,194,194, 195,195, 196, 196,21 18,223,332,38 1,386 ,462,527,528,605
5,215,220,220,230,230,231,231,235,23 ,636
5,237,237,239,239,244,244,246,246,2
54,254,260,260,265,265,268,268,315, USURPED.....38,55,61,122,128,134,176
315,466,466,476,476,528,528,597 ,597 ,180,215,219,221,316,338,388,451,52
,611,611,612,612,616,6 16,627,627 ,628, 7,528,596 ,598,605,608
628,635,635
TURKS.....104,112,114, 194,200,205,216,
264,301,598 ,639,640
Vv
VASSAL..... 181,388
TURUKPE-MEJI.....563
VATICAN.....5,5,37,37,58,58, 100, 100,
TUMELAGE=
516 122, 122,146,146, 176,176,192,192, 196,
196,273,273,286,286,455,455,460,46
TUTELARY.....71,71,193,193,214,214,22 0,476,476
6,226,276,276,457,457
VAUDOUS.....403
TUTTO SZ
VENERATED.....162,209,385,533,611,6
TWI.....9,45,69,72
,86, 132, 137,154,159, 1 43
63,196,204,208,272,300,315,378,548,
549,555,563,62 1,641,646 VENERATION .....202,447 448,507 ,53
3
TWINS.....45,137, 196,306,378,548,555,
563,621 VENOM.....398,466
TWO-HEADED.....45 VENUS-APHRODITE..... 140
TYRE 250 VERNAL.....445
U VESTAL..... 193, 196,2 15,435,446
VESTMENT.....176,447,456,513 ,534,5
UATIISISMoS 48
UGARIT....547 VESTMENTS.....176,447,456,534,548
UMBRIANS.....162 VILIFICA TION .....403,619
UNDERWATER.....407 VILIFIED.....293,338,40 1,403,418
UN DERW ORLD.....49,82, 129, 160,23 1,3 VILLAGE.....18,20 ,43,60, 108 ,116, 137 ,1
31,496,622,042 83,190,191, 193,2 10,2 13,222,223,254,
290,300 ,303,306,319,332,336,340,34
UNEXPLAINABLE.....585 1,358,359 360,362,364 ,38 1,382,384,
385 ,386,415,424,425,486,525,533,53
UNIONS. ....390 5,542,613,619
UNIVERSALISM.....575 VILLA GERS.....303,384,4 15
UNIVERSE.....7,50,51,179,378,499,548, VIOLATE..... 102,2 13,2 19,245, 335,337,

549,568 562,573,581,597
891 INDEX
VIOLATION.....2,3,102,190,191,434,48
8,574 w
VIRGIL.....209,238,249,285,636 WARS Dy lOtS) 19,2524, 2055 1355S Te
48,54,69,76,78,96,101, 118,126, 136, 13
VIRGIN .....38,41,43,56,75,94, 128,131, 1 7,140,141,152,157,159,173,176, 180,18
48,196,215,229,231,234,2 38,2 39,243,2 1,184,187, 188,191,196, 198,199,201,20
53,254,276,280,281,288,338,397,425, 8,209,210,211,214,215,216,219,221,22
432,435,437 ,445,446,451,457,459,46 2,224,225,228,229,234,236,238,243,
0,461,471,481,60 1,626 244,248,252,256,257,259,281,283,28
6,288,292,298,301,302,303,304,306,
VIRTO....567 308,731153137317631975327,330,331,361,
362,363,365,368,369,370,373,377,38
VISHNU.....53,67 2,386,387,388,39 1,399,403,404,406,
408,413,417,4 18,420,427 ,428,433,43
VODOUN-YORUBA.....369 4,436,437,438,445,450,454,459,465,
469,473,483,485,489,498,512,515,52
VODOUN.....1,6,7,8, 10, 11,14, 15,16,21,2 65353:1,535,539,547 ,550°552,557,558)5
2,24,32,41,42,45,49,58,62,67,68,72,98 68,571,576,579,582,587,588,600,601
,99, 108, 112,116,117, 118, 119,120,122, 125 ,603,605,611,614,615,618,622,628,63
,137, 150, 151,156, 157, 159, 16 1,163,164, 1 0,637,639,644
72,173,176, 193,203,207,208,2 12,229,2
59,261,270,284,285,289,290,291,296, WARRIOR.....18,37,54,78, 136, 140, 15
301,304 311,315 ,316,3 17,318 ,335,351,3 9,173,184, 198, 199 ,201,228,388,4 17,4
53,355,359, 368,369, 370,37 1,37 2,37 3,3 45,547,601,622
74,375,376 ,377, 378,379, 380,38 1,382,
383,384,385, 386,387, 388,389, 390,391 WASA.....384, 385,386
392,393,394 395, 396, 397,398, 399,40
0,402,403,404,406,407 408,409,410, WASSA.....386
411,412,413,424,438,440,44 1,443,444
,446,447,449,451,461,472,473,475,48 WATEAS=299°85) 191132, 153, 101,189)
4,485,486,487,488,492,493,499,50 1,5 193,227,333,404,405,407,408,486,5
05,506,507,508,509,5 11,512,513,514,5 16,563,642
15,516,517,518,519,526,532,536,538,54
7,548,549,550 551,555,557 ,559,560,5 WATER.....37,38 ,40,4 1,42,45,48,49,5
61,562,563 ,565,567,573,577,578,581,5 O552753:54755,50,00, 1G 7 995,98, 0971
82,583,586,587 ,588,589,592,599,600, 12, 119,132,139, 142,144, 148, 166, 185,1
603,6 10,6 18,6 19,620,621,622,632,639, 86,197 ,202,2 16,2 19,237,284,292,304
640,641,644, 645,646 ,305,318,330,337,354,378,379,406,4
07,408 ,446,451,476,477,480,481,50
VODOUNO.....387 5,507 ,548,549,550,554,594,608,628,
641,643,646
VODUN.....367,412,582
WATERS.....42,45,48 ,50,53,55,66,71,
VODUNSI.....582 95,98, 132,139, 142,144,185,216,219,28
4,305,318,337,354,406,407,408,550,
VOLCANO.....129,138,179,496,608 594,008,641,643
VOODOO.....10,13,16,20,105,288,296, WATERY.....48,49
368 ,373,375,39 1,393 ,395,400,402,403
,411,419,433,434,435,438,459,582,591 WAVE.....63, 102, 104, 139, 197,211,215,
228,247 ,307,370,385,605,622,645
VOTARIES.....12, 104, 106, 128, 131,158,16
1,256,450,578,579,638 WAVES.....63,211,215,307,385,605,62
2,045
VOTIVE..... 108, 139, 144,269,282,447
46
5,53 594,595 WAWAT.....57
VOUDOOISM.....398 WEDNESDAY.....368
WEEPING.....185,322,447
448
892 INDEX
WEGBAJA.....215,382,383,385,386 WITCHES.....104,205,255,256,257,28
4 ,303,373,407,456,601
WELE-MEJI.....563
WOLI-MEJI.....563
WESTERN.....22,26,27,30 ,31,39,40,54,5
8,77,98 ,99, 105, 125, 130, 133, 136, 139,15 WOMAN .....22,41,50,73,99, 105,110, 1
3,156,160, 178,182, 183,198,201,202,22 37,148, 184, 187, 189,234,240,257,266,
5,232,234,238,239,242,259 ,262,276,2 275,283,322 ,326 ,327 ,334 ,340 ,385,4
81,28 3,288,29 1,293 ,301,303,304,3 13,3 07,423,425,430,431,439,440,445,47
14,315 ,317,321,323,324,325,330,333,3 1,476,479 ,531,545,572,588,595,613,6
38,342,348 349,350 ,367,368,369,371, 15,618,637
376,378,379, 383,388, 389,395,398,399
,408,412,416,417,443,444,446,455,45 WO MB-GODDESS.....36
7,46 1,469 ,472,473,4706,477 ,478,479,4
80,482,483,485,486,487 ,490,499,511, W OMB.....11,36,37,44,48,55,59,62,67
527,528,537 ,548,549,560,566,570,57 ,72,74,97,98,99,100, 10 1, 102, 103,104,
3,574,578,598,599 ,622,627,636,640 105,106,107, 108, 109,110, 111,119,122,1
52,154,157,160 ,268,336,346,515,548,
WESTERNERS.....325,388,486 584,608 ,636,637
WHALES.....67,406 WOMEN.....18, 19,3 1,32,38,39 ,43,52,9

5,126,139, 154,177,179, 183,184,194, 19
WHEEL.....56,101,292,535,592,610,612, 9,200,202,223,228,230,233,241,242,
613,615,617,622,631 253,260 ,261,265,284,285,287,294,30
359:1763325333,337/.5785392.395,3965.
WHITES.....372,373,416,417,418,419,42 98,40 1,403,423,434,437,447,479,48
0,421,427 ,431,536,537 0,480,487 ,526,536,551,576,578,580,
585,586,588 ,596,598,60 1,6 18,628,64
WHYDAH.....387 10}
WICCAN.....15,4 10 WON..... 101, 105, 140, 196,304,322,371

411,574,631
WICKED.....19,248,373
WOOLY HAIR.....452
WILDFIRE....390
WORLDS.....268,365,485,506,555
WILLIAM.....25,147,153,411,625
WORSHIPED.....37,38,41,45,46,49,52,
WINGED.....73,98, 129,449,461,485,49 53,56,62,72,73,74, 112,122, 123,124, 12
6,548,612,6 13,630,631,632 5,127,129,130, 131,137,138, 139,140,14
1,142,145,155, 157,159, 161,162, 165,184
WINGS.....29,56, 141, 152,455,461 ,206,211,217,233,236,238,241,257,27
2,276,315,316,335,336,337,445,446,4
WINTER.....54,95, 105,445 47,457,460,477,594,599,600,602,60
5,611,612,613,616,617,621,630,635,63
WISDOM/LOGOS.....51 6,639,640 ,641,642,646
WISDOM.....12,36,37,3841,42 ,48,5 1,6 WORSHIPERS.....73, 105,139,143, 145,1

2,69,73,75,76, 122,123,152, 155,159, 160, 48, 153, 158,267 ,287,349,369,389,390
176,189,193,197,199,207,210,217,228, ,391,393,431,455,598,60 1,608 639
Cae 18,332,334 ,373,461,508,552,587
WISE.....24,47,204,2 10,231,251,334,43
x
6,610 XISUTHROS....44,244
WITCH.....15,104,180,205,255,256,257,
284,303,373,407,411,416,417,418,433,
436,456,60 1,619 Y
WITCHCRAFT.....15, 180,284,411,416,41 YEKU-MEJI.....563
7,418,433,619
YOKE.....22, 128,317,335,573,636
893 INDEX
YORUBA.....9,310,369, 382,387,388 ,38

9,391,440,473,551,560,566,583
YORUBAS.....382 387,388 ,389,39 1
YOUDIOU.....51
Z
ZADO.....560
ZEKPUI.....99,525,539,544
ZEUS.....100, 100, 10 1,101, 102,102,
109, 1
09, 112,112,118, 118,122,122,142,142,176
176,182, 182,187, 187,202,202,2 15,215,
217,217,229,229,230,230,612,6 12,630,
630
ZODIAC.....55,137,449,610,642
ZODJI.....563
ZOJAGU.....388
ZUMADUNU.....119
894 INDEX
MAM A ZOGBE
CHIEF HOUNON-AMENGANSIE, OF MAMI WATA YEVEH VODOUN
FOR APPOINTMENT: EMAIL:

(706) 267-3324 [email protected]
OFFERING POWERFUL, PROFESSIONAL & CONFIDENTIAL

SPIRITUAL SERVICES YEAR ROUND
By Appointment Only!
¢ DIVINATIONS: (SPIRITUAL READINGS)
CALLING-UP THE DEAD AND THE LIVING
# CALL-UP DECEASED FAMILY MEMBERS FOR CONSULTATIONS

# CALL-UP ORI (PERSONAL SOUL/SPIRIT) FOR CONSULTATIONS
# CALL-UP ALL VODOU, ORISHAS, NKISI, ABOSOMS ETC., FOR CONSULTATION
# CALL-UP ORI (PERSONAL SOUL) OF LOST/ MISSING FAMILY MEMBERS
# CALL-UP MURDERED FAMILY MEMBERS FOR CONSULTATIONS
# CALL-UP FAMILY MEMBERS IN COMA FOR CONSULTATIONS
POWERFUL RITUAL
CLEANSINGS/HEALINGS:
# POWERFUL RITUAL HEALING /EXORCISM CLEANSING BATHS

# MAMI WATA RITUAL OFFERINGS
# ANCESTRAL TCHAMBA HEALINGS ¢ All Addictions, Family fighting, etc..)
INITIATIONS:
@ INSTALL ALL VODOU, MAMA TCHAMBA (divine slave ancestors)

# ALL DAN’S (RAINBOW SERPENT DEITIES)
# MAMI WATA , AMENGANSIE
# AHOLU/SAKPATA (MOTHER/FATHER EARTH DEITY OF
DISEASE & HEALING)
# TCHAMBA (ANCESTRAL SHRINES)
Serious Inquiries ONLY!

MAMI WATA HEALERS SOCIETY OF NORTH AMERICA INC.,
P.O; Box 212s
MARTINEZ, GA 30907
HQTS: (706) 267-3324
FAX: (706) 863-4886
MWHS@ MAMIWATA.COM
WEBSITE: WWW.MAMIWATA.COM
FOR APPOINTMENT: (706) 267-3324

A EMAIL: [email protected]
=e
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CHIEF HOUNON- AMENGANSIE PRIESTESS
Mama Zogbeé
Mama Zogbé (legal

name, Vivian Hunter-
Hindrew) is a fully initiated
Hounon-Amengansie
(High Priestess) of the
Amengansie, Ancestral
Tchamba, West African
Vodoun, Mami Wata, and
Afa_ (Ifa) healing
traditions. She resides in
the United States, where
she maintains’ her
ancestral shines and works
full-time as an
Amengansie Vodoun
priestess and godmother.
Born from the womb Mama Zogbé, African-American

of Mami Wata and the
Vodoun, Mama _ Zogbé’s
spiritual lineage descends directly from both sides of her
maternal and paternal great grandmothers and fathers, who
were Mami Wata & Vodoun priests, captured & enslaved as
hired-out masons and carvers in Louisiana. During Slavery and
Reconstruction, African descendants were forbidden to practice
their ancestral religions, many were persecuted and murdered.
Such was the case in the family of Mama Zogbé where her great-
grandfather, Prince Hunter, was killed in Natchitoches, Parish in
Louisiana. Family lore recounts that he refusing to convert to
Christianity, was chased into a barn and set-ablaze.
896
Over time, the Vodoun tradition was forced underground and a
deliberate process of mockery and racist malignment began in
American media, religious and educational institutions, creating
some of the most perverse, undeserved and_ enduring
stereotypes of African religions, which has continued unabated
until the present.
After more than 30 years of intense manifestational

encounters, and personal suffering, Mama Zogbé received her
first ceremonies in Togo West Africa, by Hounon Togbui
(Master), Akuete Durchbach (1988), and full initiations by
Hounons Togbuis Arita & Daniel Sossah In Togo, and the US.
(1996). She completed her final series of ceremonies as Chief
Hounon Amengansie in 2003-2005.
As a full-lineage African-American priestess, Mama Zogbé is

the first to initiate many in the Diaspora to Mami Wata, Mama
Tchamba, Vodoun and Amengansie tradition. She is a graduate
of Chaminade University (Honolulu, HI, 1981, BGS), and Augusta
State University (GA: 1995 M.Ed.). She is world traveled (South
America, France, Italy, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Austria,
Mexico, Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire, and others). She has been traveling
to Togo, West Africa regularly since 1988.
Mama Zogbe is also the founder and _ president of the

first non-profit, 501(c)3, Mami Wata Healing Society of North
America, Inc., (formerly OATH: Organization of African
Traditional Healers), which recently won a long overdue victory
with the U.S. Library of Congress, in changing the classification
of African Traditional Religions ,from the historically derisive
label of Occult/Satanism to African Spirituality, Religion, and
African-American Studies. Her hopes that her two-volume well
researched book: Mami Wata: An Ancient African God/dess
Unveiled” can be used as an instrument to shed much needed
history and accurate knowledge on African ancient traditional
religions and their crucial but long omitted role in laying the
theological, ritual and cultural foundation of the major religions
throughout the ancient world.
TO REQUEST SPEAKING ENGAGEMENTS PLEASE VISIT
www.mamiwata.com/speaker.html
P.O. Box 211281 * Martinez, GA 30907

Chief Hounon-Amengansie, Mama Zogbé. Main Shrine: (700) 267-
3324 Apokassii, Hounon-Amengansie: (678) 358-0620
Fax: (706) 267-3324" Website: www.mamiwata.com
897
* 427579-56399 1 * 1
=
|
|
African Religion/Spirituality)Women's Studies |
Did you know that:

-The Vodoun and Mami Wata Religions were the major sacerdotal systems celebrated
throughout the ancient world for thousands of years?
-African women were the first major priestly orders honored and revered in Ancient
Babylon, India, Greece, Rome and Turkey?
- “goddess worship” around the world began with the worship of African Mami Wata
priestesses?
| -The New Testament Bible is actually a history chronicling the systematic destruction
of these ancient African matriarchal priestly orders?
-African women are the only women whose ancient mothers were not bom under the
yoke of patriarchy? eel
pta
pee
hal
Pe
le
- patriarchy in African Traditional cultures is less than 6,000 years old?
- Christianity, and Islam owe their very existence to the ancient traditions of Mami Wata
& Vodoun?
-The Vatican was a major seat of sacerdotal power and authority of the African matri-
archs before being usurped by the Romans?. MAMA ZoGBE
CHIEF HOUNON-AMEGANSIE
These questions are more are answered in this historic ground breaking resurrections
IN THE MAMI WATA, MAMA TCHAMBA
and reclamation of
& YEVEH YVODOUN TRADITION
the Vodoun, Mami Wata religious tradition. Truths buried so deep in hope that they
would never be discovered.
"Dear Mama Zogbé-- Congratulations on the book! | send you sincere congratulations on this “; i
work which shows the huge amount research and ache that you put into this writing."
Dr. Henry Drewal, =

Evjue-Bascom Professor
Univesity of Wisconsin =
"Wow, what a great spirit you are! | am so impressed by your accomplishment!!!

It's a beautiful book too. | was so amazed at how much it connected with the stuff that
I had done for my doctoral dissertation (at UCLA), . . You really went out there and came
back with the gold.... and now you are sharing itl"
Dr. Noelie Rodriguez

Ninole, Hawaii
“| am engrossed in the first volume. This literature is exactly what | have been
desperately searching for!"
Dr Joseph Kimmanje Kizito,

New Zeland
‘If you want to learn more about this powerful tradition, this book is a must.
| received the book today and | have not been able to put it downl
It is absolutely fabulous...the history, photos, anecdotes, etc. Congratulations on
this great achievement! All praises to Mami and to the Vodoun!"
Dr. Gail Taylor,

Associate Professor, Old Dominion University
Norfolk , VA
| vouume n ill
ISBN 9788—-0-9716—2
,
(
co
= 0
| 90000
‘Sinan vavataanata an eH UAT ahtatat ' Of 780971 1"6245 30

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BUUUUL UJ =pe CUCU UDELL PUTO UUM ULUMO DUO Lu PU ee

Recla im ing the An Ci ent Mami V

|SAMs mnnnomern reo UO LT

Reclaiming the Ancient Vodoun History

Mami Wata Healers Society of North America Inc.,

Copyright © Third Edition 2007 by Vivian Hunter-Hindrew.

Requests for such permission should be addressed to:

Mami Wata Healers Society of North America Inc.,

Manufactured in the United States of America..

PART EIGHT: Afa: God of Destiny

1. A Brief Description of the Universe

PART NINE: Mami Patron Deities

IN DEFENSE OF THE AFRICAN DIVINE ORDER

2000 B.C.E. lwory panel taken from bed or couch of Black

547 EWE VODOUN COSMOLOGY

A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE UNIVERSE

ccording to the ancient Ewe (Tro) ancestors, the universe is

548 EWE VODOUN COSMOLOGY

Additionally, the bull, the astrological sign of Taurus, is ceremoniously

Moreover, the absolute essential impulse central to the release of

549 EWE VODOUN COSMOLOGY

including the process of copulation, and birth. The importance of lightening

550 EWE VODOUN COSMOLOGY

VERY BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE GODS OF FATE &DESTINY

Fig 1: "Gedegbe," the basic implements of a Bokono (Afavi/Bokovi) to communicate

n the Mami Wata Yeveh Vodoun tradition, Afa (Fon “Fa”

HOW DE-Ki (palm nuts) ARE READ

The Bokono/ Afvai begins the sacred process to discern

PELE: SACRED DIVINING CHAIN

s\sy/Z AFA: GODS OF FATE& DESTINY

KPLEKAN: ANCIENT DIVINING INSTRUMENT

In Togo, another much older instrument that is used by the

553 AFA: GODS OF FATE & DESTINY

Fig 2: Mawu Sodza “Mother of the Mountain” with crescent moon,

THE AFA DIVINER

In Togo, ideally, a Bokono (meaning, ‘one who keeps

554 AFA: GODS OF FATE& DESTINY

The should be theologically and ritually astute, and capable of

A competent diviner after being initiated into the

MA-WU AS GODDESS APPOINTER OF DESTINY

In the Mami Wata Yeveh Vodoun tradition today, under

GABADU: DIVINE AFRICAN MOTHER OF DESTINY

It is these deities who submits this information to the

555 AFA: GODS OF FATE & DESTINY

In one version, she is placed in the cosmology as the

Fig 3: A péle, sacred divining chain

Because each pantheon of vodou gods are replete with

This representative must also be able to discern the

5506 AFA: GODS OF FATE& DESTINY

In the Mami Wata Yeveh Vodoun tradition, this “spiritual

THE SACRED ROLE OF LEGBA

Legba can for a price, (usually monetary or sacrifice)

Legba, the grandmaster of A tiké(herbs/gris-gris-medi-cine)

As messenger of the gods, and possessor of the Fate and

3}5)// AFA: GODS OF FATE& DESTINY

distension; especially if not appeased or is forgotten about during

Legba as the master of human suffering might bring about

What is important to understand here is, that it is Legba who caters

558 AFA: GODS OF FATE& DESTINY