dv7036 v1.1

DV7036 configuration description
DV7036
configuration description
(Type: DTVA)
Document ID: PP-13-21602

Budapest, November 2020
DV7036_V1.1 1/116
User’s manual version information
Version Date Modification Compiled by

Preliminary 2017-09-22 Tóth
Preliminary_2 2019-10-10 PMU function description added Seida
Modified:
• 1.1.4 Hardware configuration
Preliminary_3 2019-10-17 Seida
• 1.1.5 The applied hardware modules
• 2 External connection
Modified: 1.2.3.4 PMU function description and
Preliminary_4 2020-04-14 Seida
parameter data updated
Modified:
• Minor correction in Chapter 1.2.3.4 PMU
1.0 2020-06-17 • Updated the HW configuration in Seida/Tóth
Chapter 1.1.4
• Updated Chapter 2
Modified:
1.1 2020-11-05 • TSYNC module position changed as a Tóth
recommended option
DV7036_V1.1 2/116
CONTENTS
1 Configuration description ..............................................................................................................4

1.1 Application .............................................................................................................................4
1.1.1 Protection functions ........................................................................................................4
1.1.2 Measurement functions ..................................................................................................6
1.1.3 Control functions ............................................................................................................6
1.1.4 Hardware configuration ..................................................................................................6
1.1.5 The applied hardware modules ......................................................................................9
1.1.5.1 Connector allocation ............................................................................................................. 10
1.1.5.2 Meeting the device ................................................................................................................ 14
1.2 Software configuration ........................................................................................................ 15
1.2.1 Protection functions ..................................................................................................... 15
1.2.1.1 Three-phase instantaneous overcurrent protection function (IOC50) ................................... 16
1.2.1.2 Three-phase time overcurrent protection function (TOC51)................................................. 17
1.2.1.3 Three-phase directional overcurrent protection function (TOC67) ....................................... 20
1.2.1.4 Residual instantaneous overcurrent protection function (IOC50N) ...................................... 22
1.2.1.5 Residual overcurrent protection function (TOC51N)............................................................ 23
1.2.1.6 Residual directional overcurrent protection function (TOC67N).......................................... 26
1.2.1.7 Charging current compensation in line differential protection .............................................. 29
1.2.1.8 Line differential protection function (DIF87L) ..................................................................... 31
1.2.1.9 Distance protection function (DIS21) ................................................................................... 33
1.2.1.10 Out of Step (Pole slipping) protection function (PSLIP78) .............................................. 38
1.2.1.11 Switch-onto-fault preparation function (SOTF) ................................................................ 40
1.2.1.12 Teleprotection function ..................................................................................................... 42
1.2.1.13 Weak end infeed logic....................................................................................................... 47
1.2.1.14 Inrush detection function (INR68) .................................................................................... 50
1.2.1.15 Negative sequence overcurrent protection function (TOC46) .......................................... 52
1.2.1.16 Line thermal protection function (TTR49L) ..................................................................... 55
1.2.1.17 Definite time overvoltage protection function (TOV59)................................................... 58
1.2.1.18 Definite time undervoltage protection function (TUV27) ................................................. 59
1.2.1.19 Residual definite time overvoltage protection function (TOV59N) .................................. 60
1.2.1.20 Over-frequency protection function (TOF81) ................................................................... 61
1.2.1.21 Underfrequency protection function (TUF81) .................................................................. 62
1.2.1.22 Rate of change of frequency protection function (FRC81) ............................................... 63
1.2.1.23 Auto-reclose protection function (REC79HV) .................................................................. 65
1.2.1.24 Voltage transformer supervision function (VTS60) .......................................................... 70
1.2.1.25 Current unbalance function (VCB60) ............................................................................... 72
1.2.1.26 Breaker failure protection function (BRF50) .................................................................... 74
1.2.1.27 Directional over-power protection function (DOP32) ...................................................... 76
1.2.1.28 Directional under-power protection function (DUP32) .................................................... 77
1.2.1.29 Phase-selective trip logic (TRC94_PhS) ........................................................................... 78
1.2.1.30 Dead line detection function (DLD).................................................................................. 80
1.2.2 Control functions ......................................................................................................... 81
1.2.2.1 Circuit breaker control function block (CB1Pol) .................................................................. 81
1.2.2.2 Disconnector control function (DisConn) ............................................................................. 84
1.2.2.3 Synchrocheck function (SYN25) .......................................................................................... 87
1.2.3 Measuring functions .................................................................................................... 90
1.2.3.1 Current input function (CT4) ................................................................................................ 92
1.2.3.2 Voltage input function (VT4)................................................................................................ 95
1.2.3.3 Line measurement function (MXU) ...................................................................................... 98
1.2.3.4 Phasor measurement unit (PMU) ........................................................................................ 104
1.2.4 Disturbance recorder ................................................................................................. 109
1.2.5 Event recorder ........................................................................................................... 111
1.2.6 TRIP contact assignment .......................................................................................... 113
1.3 LED assignment ............................................................................................................... 115
2 External connection ................................................................................................................. 116
DV7036_V1.1 3/116
1 Configuration description
The DV7036 protection device is a member of the EuroProt+ product line, made by Protecta Co.
Ltd. The EuroProt+ type complex protection in respect of hardware and software is a modular
device. The modules are assembled and configured according to the requirements, and then the
software determines the functions. This manual describes the specific application of the DV7036
factory configuration.
1.1 Application
The members of the DTVA product line are configured to protect and control the elements of the
high voltage networks. These networks are typically solidly grounded. In these networks the single
phase-to-ground faults result high current, so these types of faults need fast protection functions
similar to line-to-line faults.
1.1.1 Protection functions

The configured protection functions are listed in the Table below.
Protection functions IEC ANSI DV7036

Three-phase instantaneous overcurrent protection I >>> 50 X
Three-phase time overcurrent protection I >, I >> 51 X
Three-phase directional overcurrent protection I Dir > >, I Dir >> 67 X
Residual instantaneous overcurrent protection Io >>> 50N X
Residual time overcurrent protection Io >, Io >> 51N X
Residual directional overcurrent protection Io Dir > >, Io Dir >> 67N X
Line differential
(with charging current compensation) 3IdL > 87L X
Distance protection (with Teleprtection and Weak
and Infeed Logic) Z< 21 X
Out-of-step ∆Z/∆t 78 X
Power swing block 68 X
Inrush detection and blocking I2h > 68 X
Negative sequence overcurrent protection I2 > 46 X
Thermal protection T> 49 X
Definite time overvoltage protection U >, U >> 59 X
Definite time undervoltage protection U <, U << 27 X
Residual overvoltage protection Uo >, Uo >> 59N X
Negative sequence overvoltage protection U2 > 47 X
Overfrequency protection f >, f >> 81O X
Underfrequency protection f <, f << 81U X
Rate of change of frequency protection df/dt 81R X
Auto-reclose 0->1 79 X
Fuse failure (VTS) 60 X
Current unbalance protection 60 X
Switch onto fault logic X
Breaker failure protection CBFP 50BF X
Table 1 The protection functions of the DV7036 configuration
DV7036_V1.1 4/116
The configured functions are drawn symbolically in the Figure below.
Ibus Ubus
DV7036
79 25
Close
Trip
4I
50 51 50BF
50N 51N 46
68
49 Inrush
60 87L
67 67N 68
32 21 78
27 59 59N
3U 47 81 60
Measured values: Recording features:

➢ Event Recording
U, I, P, Q, E, f, cos φ
➢ Disturbance Recording
Figure 1 Implemented protection functions
DV7036_V1.1 5/116
1.1.2 Measurement functions

Based on the hardware inputs the measurements listed in Table below are available.
Measurement functions DV7036

Current (I1, I2, I3, Io) bus and line X
Voltage (U1, U2, U3, U12, U23, U31, Uo, Useq) and frequency
bus and line X
Power (P, Q, S, pf) and Energy (E+, E-, Eq+, Eq-) X
Phase measurement (U1, U2, U3, I1, I2, I3, Upoz, Uneg, Uo,
Ipoz, Ineg, Io, f, df/dt) X
Circuit breaker wear X
Supervised trip contacts (TCS) X
Table 2 The measurement functions of the DV7036 configuration

1.1.3 Control functions
Control functions DV7036
Synchrocheck X
Circuit breaker control X
Disconnector control X
Table 3 The control functions of the DV7036 configuration
1.1.4 Hardware configuration
The minimum number of inputs and outputs are listed in the Table below.
Hardware configuration ANSI DV7036

Mounting Op.
Panel instrument case
Current inputs (4th channel can be sensitive) 4
Voltage inputs 4
Digital inputs 12
Digital outputs 8
Fast trip outputs 4
Temperature monitoring (RTDs) * 38 / 49T Op.
Table 4 The basic hardware configuration of the DV7036 configuration
Figure 2 Basic module arrangement of the DV7036_2ends configuration (rear view)
DV7036_V1.1 6/116
Figure 3 Basic module arrangement of the DV7036_3ends configuration (rear view)
Figure 4 Recommended basic module arrangement of the DV7036_2ends configuration

(rear view)

with extended IT security features
DV7036_V1.1 7/116

(rear view)
DV7036_V1.1 8/116
1.1.5 The applied hardware modules

The applied modules are listed in Table 5.
The technical specification of the device and that of the modules are described in the document
“Hardware description”.
Module identifier Explanation

PS+ 1601 Power supply unit
O12+ 1101 Binary input module
O9S+ 2211 Binary input module with time synchronization
R12+ 00 Signal relay output module
TRIP+ 2101 Trip relay output module
VT+ 2211 Analog voltage input module
CT + 5115 Analog current input module for protection and
measurement purposes
COM+ 6603 Communication to RIO
TSYNC+0071 IRIG-B time synchronization module
COM+ 9901 Communication for line differential protection
CPU+ 6003 Processing and communication module (with
3ends version)
3ends version) with extended IT security
features
2ends version) where the linedifferenctial
communication port is integrated on the CPU
2ends version) where the linedifferenctial
communication port is integrated on the CPU
with extended IT security features
Table 5 The applied modules of the DV7036 configuration
DV7036_V1.1 9/116
1.1.5.1 Connector allocation

"A" "B" PS+/1602
Clamp Title
1 AuxPS+
2 AuxPS-
3 Fault Relay Common
4 Fault Relay NO
5 Fault Relay NC
"C" O12+/1101
Clamp Title
1 SGF
2 AGF
3 B
4 Opto-(1-3)
5 P5
6 42RT
7 ECAM
8 Opto-(4-6)
9 ANR52
10 63GTAL1
11 63GTAL2
12 Opto-(7-9)
13 ATV
14 BRD
15 AR block (BL_RA)
16 Opto-(10-12)
DV7036_V1.1 10/116
"D" O12+/1101
Clamp Title
1 External start L1 (AVV_4_Ext)
4 Opto-(1-3)
5 Z2a...(T2_Ext)
6 Z3a...(T3_Ext)
7 ...(ALL_GR_Ext)
8 Opto-(4-6)
9 (CUM_SC_Ex)
10 CB open (Posiz_52_AP)
11 CB closed (Posiz_52_CH)
12 Opto-(7-9)
13 ARblock-CB not ready (BRI)
14 Syn_E
15 Syn_I
16 Opto-(10-12)
"E" O12+/1101
Clamp Title
1 ext. Trip L1 (SC_4_Ext)
4 Opto-(1-3)
5 Remote trip (Rx_TS)
6 An_TS/TI
7 Teleprot1 error (An_TP1)
8 Opto-(4-6)
9 Teleprot2 error (An_TP2)
10 TP1 receive DZ (Rx_TP1_DZ)
11 TP2 receive DZ (Rx_TP2_DZ)
12 Opto-(7-9)
13 TP1 receive GAR (Rx_TP1_GAR)
14 TP2 receive GAR (Rx_TP2_GAR)
15 LineDiff error (An_ 87L_Ext)
16 Opto-(10-12)
"F" O12+/1101
Clamp Title
1 Local
2 (MAI linee Adiacenti)
3 (Rx_TI)
4 Opto-(1-3)
5 (SC_87SB)
6 Man open (52AX)
7 Man close (52CX)
8 Opto-(4-6)
9 -
10 -
11
12 Opto-(7-9)
13 -
14
15 -
16 Opto-(10-12)
DV7036_V1.1 11/116
"G" R12+/1101
Clamp Title
1 Start L1 (AVV_4_BPU) NO
4 Common (1-3)
5 Z2a...(T2) NO
6 Z3a...(T3) NO
7 Acceleration (ALL_GR) NO
8 Common (4-6)
9 (CUM_SC) NO
10 CB Man Close (CHM_52) NO
11 BOut_G09 NO
12 Common (7-9)
13 BOut_G10 NO
14 BOut_G11 NO
15 BOut_G12 NO
16 Common (10-12)
"H" R12+/1101
Clamp Title
1 BOut_H01 NO
2 BOut_H02 NO
3 Trip L1 (SC_4_BPU) NO
4 Common (1-3)
7 TP Send DZ (Tx_TP_DZ) NO
8 Common (4-6)
9 TP Send GAR (Tx_TP_GAR) NO
10 LineDif error (An_87L) NO
11 BOut_H09 NO
12 Common (7-9)
13 Tx_TS NO
14 Tx_TI NO
15 BOut_H12 NO
16 Common (10-12)
"I" TRIP+/2101
Clamp Title
1 3Ph Trip2 (AP_2 Bob) +
2 3Ph Trip2 (AP_2 Bob) -
3 3Ph Trip2 (AP_2 Bob) NO
4 3Ph Trip3 (AP_3 Bob) +
5 3Ph Trip3 (AP_3 Bob) -
6 3Ph Trip3 (AP_3 Bob) NO
7 BOut_I06 +
8 BOut_I06 -
9 BOut_I06 NO
10 BOut_I08 +
11 BOut_I08 -
12 BOut_I08 NO
DV7036_V1.1 12/116
"J" TRIP+/2101
Clamp Title
1 Trip L1 (AP_4) +
2 Trip L1 (AP_4) -
3 Trip L1 (AP_4) NO
4 Trip L2 (AP_8) +
5 Trip L2 (AP_8) -
6 Trip L2 (AP_8) NO
7 Trip L3 (AP_12) +
8 Trip L3 (AP_12) -
9 Trip L3 (AP_12) NO
10 CB close (CH_52) +
11 CB close (CH_52) -
12 CB close (CH_52) NO
"P" VT+/2211
Clamp Title
1 V4 bus->
2 V4 bus<-
3 V8 bus->
4 V8 bus<-
5 V12 bus->
6 V12 bus<-
7 -->
8 -<-
"R" VT+/2211
Clamp Title
1 V4 line->
2 V4 line<-
3 V8 line->
4 V8 line<-
5 V12 line->
6 V12 line<-
7 -->
8 -<-
"T" CT+/5115
Clamp Title
1 I4->
2 I4<-
3 I8->
4 I8<-
5 I12->
6 I12<-
7 3Io parallel line->
8 3Io parallel line<-
DV7036_V1.1 13/116
1.1.5.2 Meeting the device

The basic information for working with the EuroProt+ devices are described in the document
“Quick start guide to the devices of the EuroProt+ product line”.
Figure 7 The 84 inch rack of EuroProt+ family
DV7036_V1.1 14/116
1.2 Software configuration

1.2.1 Protection functions
The implemented protection functions are listed in Table 6. The function blocks are described in
details in separate documents. These are referred to also in this table.
Name Title Document
IOC50 3ph Instant.OC Three-phase instantaneous overcurrent
protection function block description
TOC51_low 3ph Overcurr Three-phase overcurrent protection
TOC51_high function block description
TOC67_low 3ph Dir.Overcurr Directional three-phase overcurrent
TOC67_high protection function block description
IOC50N Residual Instant.OC Residual instantaneous overcurrent
protection function block description
TOC51N_low Residual TOC Residual overcurrent protection function
TOC51N_high block description
TOC67N_low Dir.Residual TOC Directional residual overcurrent
TOC67N_high protection function block description
DIF87L Line differential Line differential protection function block
description
ChargeCurr Charging Current Charging current compensation in line
Compensation differential protection function
DIS21_HV 5 zone HV distance Distance protection function block
description
SCH85 Teleprotection Teleprotection function
WEI Weak end Infeed Weak end infeed logic function
INR68 Inrush Inrush detection and blocking
TOC46 Neg. Seq. OC Negative sequence overcurrent protection
function block description
TTR49L Thermal overload Line thermal protection function block
description
TOV59_high Overvoltage Definite time overvoltage protection
TOV59_low function block description
TUV27_high Undervoltage Definite time undervoltage protection
TUV27_low function block description
TOV59N_high Overvoltage Definite time zero sequence overvoltage
TOV59N_low protection function block description
TOF81_high Overfrequency Overfrequency protection function block
TOF81_low description
TUF81_high Underfrequency Underfrequency protection function block
TUF81_low description
FRC81 ROC of frequency Rate of change of frequency protection
function block description
REC79HV HV Autoreclosing Automatic reclosing function for high
voltage networks, function block
description
VCB60 Current Unbalance Current unbalance function block
description
VTS60 Voltage transformer Voltage transformer supervision function
supervision block description
SOTFCond SOTF Condition Switch-onto-fault preparation function
block description
BRF50 Breaker failure Breaker failure protection function block
description
TRC94_PhS PhSel. Trip Logic Phase-selective trip logic function block
description
DLD Dead line detection Dead line detection protection function
block description
Table 6 Implemented protection functions
DV7036_V1.1 15/116
1.2.1.1 Three-phase instantaneous overcurrent protection function (IOC50)

The three-phase instantaneous overcurrent protection function (IOC50) operates immediately if the
phase currents are higher than the setting value.
The setting value is a parameter, and it can be doubled by graphic programming of the dedicated
input binary signal defined by the user.
The function is based on peak value selection or on the RMS values of the Fourier basic harmonic
calculation, according to the parameter setting. The fundamental Fourier components are results of
an external function block.
Parameter for type selection has selection range of Off, Peak value and Fundamental value. When
Fourier calculation is selected then the accuracy of the operation is high, the operation time
however is above one period of the network frequency. If the operation is based on peak values
then fast sub-cycle operation can be expected, but the transient overreach can be high.
The function generates trip commands without additional time delay if the detected values are
above the current setting value.
The function generates trip commands for the three phases individually and a general trip command
as well.
The instantaneous overcurrent protection function has a binary input signal, which serves the
purpose of disabling the function. The conditions of disabling are defined by the user, applying the
graphic equation editor.
Technical data
Function Accuracy
Using peak value calculation
Operating characteristic Instantaneous <6%
Reset ratio 0.85
Operate time at 2*IS <15 ms
Reset time * < 40 ms
Transient overreach 90 %
Using Fourier basic harmonic calculation
Operating characteristic Instantaneous <2%
Reset ratio 0.85
Operate time at 2* IS <25 ms
*Measured with signal contacts
Table 7 Technical data of the instantaneous overcurrent protection function
Parameters
Enumerated parameter
Parameter name Title Selection range Default
Parameter for type selection
IOC50_Oper_EPar_ Operation Off, Peak value, Fundamental value Peak value
Table 8 The enumerated parameter of the instantaneous overcurrent protection function
Integer parameter
Parameter name Title Unit Min Max Step Default
Starting current parameter:
IOC50_StCurr_IPar_ Start Current % 20 3000 1 200
Table 9 The integer parameter of the instantaneous overcurrent protection function
DV7036_V1.1 16/116
1.2.1.2 Three-phase time overcurrent protection function (TOC51)

The overcurrent protection function realizes definite time or inverse time characteristics according to
IEC or IEEE standards, based on three phase currents. The characteristics are harmonized with
IEC 60255-151, Edition 1.0, 2009-08. This function can be applied as main protection for medium-
voltage applications or backup or overload protection for high-voltage network elements.
The definite (independent) time characteristic has a fixed time delay when the current is above the
starting current Is previously set as a parameter.
The standard operating characteristics of the inverse time overcurrent protection function are
defined by the following formula:
 
 
 k 
t (G ) = TMS  
+ c  when G  GS
  G  − 1 
  GS  
where
t(G)(seconds) theoretical operate time with constant value of G,
k, c constants characterizing the selected curve (in seconds),
α constants characterizing the selected curve (no dimension),
G measured value of the characteristic quantity, Fourier base harmonic of the
phase currents (IL1Four, IL2Four, IL3Four),
GS preset value of the characteristic quantity (Start current),
TMS preset time multiplier (no dimension).
IEC
Title kr c α
ref
1 A IEC Inv 0,14 0 0,02
2 B IEC VeryInv 13,5 0 1
3 C IEC ExtInv 80 0 2
4 IEC LongInv 120 0 1
5 ANSI Inv 0,0086 0,0185 0,02
6 D ANSI ModInv 0,0515 0,1140 0,02
7 E ANSI VeryInv 19,61 0,491 2
8 F ANSI ExtInv 28,2 0,1217 2
9 ANSI LongInv 0,086 0,185 0,02
10 ANSI LongVeryInv 28,55 0,712 2
11 ANSI LongExtInv 64,07 0,250 2
The end of the effective range of the dependent time characteristics (G D) is:
G D = 20 * G S
Above this value the theoretical operating time is definite:
 
 
 k 
t (G ) = TMS  
+ c when G  G D = 20 * G S
  G D  − 1 
  G S  
 
Additionally a minimum time delay can be defined by a dedicated parameter. This delay is valid if it
is longer than t(G), defined by the formula above.
DV7036_V1.1 17/116
Resetting characteristics:
• for IEC type characteristics the resetting is after a fix time delay defined by
TOC51_Reset_TPar_ (Reset delay),
• for ANSI types however according to the formula below:
 
 
 kr 
tr (G ) = TMS   
when G  GS
1 −  G  

  GS  
where
tr(G)(seconds) theoretical reset time with constant value of G,
kr constants characterizing the selected curve (in seconds),
α constants characterizing the selected curve (no dimension),
phase currents,
IEC
Title kr α
ref
1 A IEC Inv Resetting after fix time delay,
2 B IEC VeryInv according to preset parameter
3 C IEC ExtInv TOC51_Reset_TPar_
4 IEC LongInv “Reset delay”
5 ANSI Inv 0,46 2
6 D ANSI ModInv 4,85 2
7 E ANSI VeryInv 21,6 2
8 F ANSI ExtInv 29,1 2
9 ANSI LongInv 4,6 2
10 ANSI LongVeryInv 13,46 2
11 ANSI LongExtInv 30 2
The binary output status signals of the three-phase overcurrent protection function are starting
signals of the three phases individually, a general starting signal and a general trip command.
The overcurrent protection function has a binary input signal, which serves the purpose of disabling
the function. The conditions of disabling are defined by the user, applying the graphic equation
editor.
DV7036_V1.1 18/116
Technical data
Function Value Accuracy
Operating accuracy 20 ≤ GS ≤ 1000 <2%
±5% or ±15 ms,
Operate time accuracy
whichever is greater
Reset ratio 0,95
Reset time *
< 2% or ±35 ms,
Dependent time char.
Definite time char. Approx 60 ms
Transient overreach <2%
Pickup time * < 40 ms
Overshot time
Dependent time char. 30 ms
Definite time char. 50 ms
Influence of time varying value of the
<4%
input current (IEC 60255-151)
* Measured with signal relay contact
Table 10 Technical data of of the instantaneous overcurrent protection function
Parameters
Enumerated parameters
Off, DefinitTime, IEC Inv, IEC VeryInv,
IEC ExtInv, IEC LongInv, ANSI Inv, ANSI Definit
TOC51_Oper_EPar_ Operation
ModInv, ANSI VeryInv, ANSI ExtInv, ANSI Time
LongInv, ANSI LongVeryInv, ANSI LongExtInv
Table 11 The enumerated parameters of the time overcurrent protection function
Integer parameter
TOC51_StCurr_IPar_ Start Current % 20 1000 1 200
Table 12 The integer parameter of the time overcurrent protection function
Float point parameter
Time multiplier of the inverse characteristics (OC module)
TOC51_Multip_FPar_ Time Multiplier sec 0.05 999 0.01 1.0
Table 13 The float point parameter of the time overcurrent protection function
Timer parameters
Minimal time delay for the inverse characteristics:
TOC51_MinDel_TPar_ Min Time Delay * msec 0 60000 1 100
Definite time delay:
TOC51_DefDel_TPar_ Definite Time Delay ** msec 0 60000 1 100
Reset time delay for the inverse characteristics:
TOC51_Reset_TPar_ Reset Time* msec 0 60000 1 100
*Valid for inverse type characteristics
**Valid for definite type characteristics only
Table 14 The timer parameters of the time overcurrent protection function
DV7036_V1.1 19/116
1.2.1.3 Three-phase directional overcurrent protection function (TOC67)

The directional three-phase delayed overcurrent protection function can be applied on solidly
grounded networks, where the overcurrent protection must be supplemented with a directional
decision.
The inputs of the function are the Fourier basic harmonic components of the three phase currents
and those of the three phase voltages and the three line-to-line voltages.
Based on the measured voltages and currents from among the six loops (L1L2, L2L3, L3L1, L1N,
L2N, L3N), the function selects the one with the smallest calculated loop impedance. Based on the
loop voltage and loop current of the selected loop, the directional decision generates a signal of
TRUE value if the voltage and the current is sufficient for directional decision, and the angle
difference between the vectors is within the setting range. This decision enables the output start
and trip signal of a non-directional three-phase overcurrent protection function block, based on the
selected current.
Im
The function can be enabled or disabled by a parameter.
The status signal of the VTS (voltage transformer
supervision) function can also disable the directional
operation.
+R0A
Uloop
-R0A The voltage must be above 5% of the rated voltage and the
current must also be measurable.
If the voltages are below 5% of the rated voltage then the

RCA algorithm substitutes the small values with the voltages
Fi
Iloop stored in the memory.
Re
The directional decision module calculates the phase angle between the selected loop voltage and
the loop current. The reference signal is the current according to Figure.
The three-phase non-directional delayed overcurrent function block (TOC51) is described in a

separate document. The additional input binary signal enables the operation of the OC function if
the directional decision module generates a logic TRUE value, indicating that the phase angle is in
the range defined by the preset parameters or that non-directional operation is set by a parameter.
Technical data
Operating accuracy <2%
±5% or ±15 ms,
Operate time accuracy If Time multiplier is >0.1
Accuracy in minimum time range ±35 ms
Reset ratio 0,95
Reset time Approx 100 ms
Transient overreach 2%
Pickup time <100 ms
Memory storage time span
50 Hz 70 ms
60 Hz 60 ms
Angular accuracy <3°
Table 15 Technical data of the three-phase directional overcurrent protection function
Parameters
DV7036_V1.1 20/116

Directionality of the function
TOC67_Dir_EPar_ Direction NonDir, Forward, Backward Forward
Operating characteristic selection of the TOC51 module
Off, DefiniteTime, IEC Inv, IEC VeryInv,
IEC ExtInv, IEC LongInv, ANSI Inv,
TOC67_Oper_EPar_ Operation ANSI ModInv, ANSI VeryInv, ANSI ExtInv, DefiniteTime
ANSI LongInv, ANSI LongVeryInv,
ANSI LongExtInv
Table 16 The enumerated parameters of the three-phase directional overcurrent protection

function
Integer parameters
Operating angle (see Figure)
TOC67_ROA_IPar_ Operating Angle deg 30 80 1 60
Characteristic angle (see Figure)
TOC67_RCA_IPar_ Characteristic Angle deg 40 90 1 60
Start current (OC module)
Table 17 The integer parameters of the three-phase directional overcurrent protection

function
Parameter name Title Unit Min Max Digits Default
TOC67_Multip_FPar_ Time Multiplier 0.05 999 0.01 1.0
Table 18 The float point parameter of the three-phase directional overcurrent protection
function
Timer parameters
Minimal time delay for the inverse characteristics (OC module):
TOC67_MinDel_TPar_ Min. Time msec 50 60000 1 100
Definite time delay (OC module):
TOC67_DefDel_TPar_ Definite Time msec 0 60000 1 100
Reset time delay for the inverse characteristics (OC module):
TOC67_Reset_TPar_ Reset Time msec 0 60000 1 100
Table 19 The timer parameters of the three-phase directional overcurrent protection

function
DV7036_V1.1 21/116
1.2.1.4 Residual instantaneous overcurrent protection function (IOC50N)

The residual instantaneous overcurrent protection function (IOC50N) block operates immediately if
the residual current (3Io) is above the setting value. The setting value is a parameter, and it can be
doubled by a dedicated binary input signal defined by the user applying the graphic programming.
The function is based on peak value selection or on the RMS values of the Fourier basic harmonic
component of the residual current, according to the parameter setting. The fundamental Fourier
component calculation is not part of the IOC50N function.
Parameter for type selection has selection range of Off, Peak value and Fundamental value.
The function generates a trip commands without additional time delay if the detected values are
above the current setting value.
The residual instantaneous overcurrent protection function has a binary input signal, which serves
the purpose of disabling the function. The conditions of disabling are defined by the user, applying
the graphic equation editor.
Technical data
Function Accuracy
Using peak value calculation
Operating characteristic (I>0.1 In) Instantaneous <6%
Reset ratio 0.85
Using Fourier basic harmonic calculation
Operating characteristic (I>0.1 In) Instantaneous <3%
Reset ratio 0.85
*Measured with signal contacts
Table 20 Technical data of the residual instantaneous overcurrent protection function
Parameters
IOC50N_Oper_EPar_ Operation Off, Peak value, Fundamental value Peak value
Table 21 The enumerated parameter of the residual instantaneous overcurrent protection
function
Integer parameter
IOC50N_StCurr_IPar_ Start Current % 10 400 1 200
Table 22 The integer parameter of the residual instantaneous overcurrent protection
function
DV7036_V1.1 22/116
1.2.1.5 Residual overcurrent protection function (TOC51N)

The residual delayed overcurrent protection function can realize definite time or inverse time
characteristics according to IEC or IEEE standards, based on the RMS value of the fundamental
Fourier component of a single measured current, which can be the measured residual current at the
neutral point (3Io) or the calculated zero sequence current component. The characteristics are
harmonized with IEC 60255-151, Edition 1.0, 2009-08.
The definite (independent) time characteristic has a fixed time delay when the current is above the
starting current Is previously set as a parameter.
The standard operating characteristics of the inverse time overcurrent protection function are
defined by the following formula:
 
 
 k 
t (G ) = TMS  
  G  − 1 
  GS  
where
α constant characterizing the selected curve (no dimension),
residual current (INFour),
IEC
kr c α
ref
1 A IEC Inv 0,14 0 0,02
5 ANSI Inv 0,0086 0,0185 0,02
6 D ANSI ModInv 0,0515 0,1140 0,02
8 F ANSI ExtInv 28,2 0,1217 2
9 ANSI LongInv 0,086 0,185 0,02
G D = 20 * G S
Above this value the theoretical operating time is definite:
 
 
 k 
t (G ) = TMS  
+ c when G  G D = 20 * G S
  G D  − 1 
  G S  
 
Additionally a minimum time delay can be defined by a dedicated parameter (Min. Time Delay).
This delay is valid if it is longer than t(G), defined by the formula above.
Resetting characteristics:
• for IEC type characteristics the resetting is after a fix time delay,
• for ANSI types however according to the formula below:
DV7036_V1.1 23/116
 
 
 kr 
tr (G ) = TMS   
when G  GS
1 −  G  

  GS  
where
tr(G)(seconds) theoretical reset time with constant value of G,
kr constants characterizing the selected curve (in seconds),
residual current,
IEC
kr α
ref
1 A IEC Inv Resetting after fix time delay,
2 B IEC VeryInv according to preset parameter
3 C IEC ExtInv TOC51_Reset_TPar_
4 IEC LongInv “Reset delay”
5 ANSI Inv 0,46 2
6 D ANSI ModInv 4,85 2
7 E ANSI VeryInv 21,6 2
8 F ANSI ExtInv 29,1 2
9 ANSI LongInv 4,6 2
10 ANSI LongVeryInv 13,46 2
11 ANSI LongExtInv 30 2
The binary output status signals of the residual overcurrent protection function are the general
starting signal and the general trip command if the time delay determined by the characteristics
expired.
The residual overcurrent protection function has a binary input signal, which serves the purpose of
disabling the function. The conditions of disabling are defined by the user, applying the graphic
equation editor.
Technical data
Operating accuracy * 20 ≤ GS ≤ 1000 <3%
±5% or ±15 ms,
Reset ratio 0,95
Reset time *
< 2% or ±35 ms,
Dependent time char.
Definite time char. Approx 60 ms
Transient overreach 2%
Pickup time ≤ 40 ms
Overshot time
Dependent time char. 30 ms
Definite time char. 50 ms
<4%
* Measured in version In = 200 mA
Table 23 The technical data of the residual overcurrent protection function
DV7036_V1.1 24/116
Parameters
Off, DefinitTime, IEC Inv,
IEC VeryInv, IEC ExtInv, IEC LongInv,
Definite
TOC51N_Oper_EPar_ Operation ANSI Inv, ANSI ModInv, ANSI VeryInv,
Time
ANSI ExtInv, ANSI LongInv,
ANSI LongVeryInv, ANSI LongExtInv
Table 24 The enumerated parameters of the residual overcurrent protection function
Integer parameter
TOC51N_StCurr_IPar_ Start Current * % 5 200 1 50
TOC51N_StCurr_IPar_ Start Current ** % 10 1000 1 50
* In = 1 A or 5 A
** In = 200 mA or 1 A
Table 25 The integer parameter of the residual overcurrent protection function

TOC51N_Multip_FPar_ Time Multiplier sec 0.05 999 0.01 1.0
Table 26 The float parameter of the residual overcurrent protection function
Timer parameters
TOC51N_MinDel_TPar_ Min Time Delay* msec 0 60000 1 100
Definite Time
TOC51N_DefDel_TPar_ msec 0 60000 1 100
Delay**
TOC51N_Reset_TPar_ Reset Time* msec 0 60000 1 100
Table 27 The timer parameters of the residual overcurrent protection function
DV7036_V1.1 25/116
1.2.1.6 Residual directional overcurrent protection function (TOC67N)

The main application area of the directional residual delayed overcurrent protection function is an
earth-fault protection.
The inputs of the function are the RMS value of the Fourier basic harmonic components of the zero
sequence current (IN=3Io) and those of the zero sequence voltage (UN=3Uo).
The block of the directional decision generates a signal of TRUE value if the UN=3Uo zero
jIm sequence voltage and the IN=3Io zero
sequence current are above the limits needed
for correct directional decision, and the angle
difference between the vectors is within the
preset range. The decision enables the output
start and trip signal of an overcurrent
+R0A
protection function block (TOC51N). This non-
directional residual overcurrent protection
3Io function block is described in a separate
-R0A
document.
The directional decision module calculates the

phase angle between the residual voltage and
the residual current. The reference signal is
RCA the residual voltage according to the Figure.
Fi 3Uo Re The output of the directional decision module
is OK, namely it is TRUE if the phase angle
between the residual voltage and the residual current is within the limit range defined by the preset
parameter OR if non-directional operation is selected by the preset parameter (Direction=NonDir).
Technical data
Operating accuracy < ±2 %

±5% or ±15 ms,
Accuracy in minimum time range ±35 ms
Reset ratio 0,95
Reset time Approx 50 ms ±35 ms
Transient overreach <2 %
Pickup time 25 – 30 ms
Angular accuracy
Io ≤ 0.1 In < ±10°
0.1 In < Io ≤ 0.4 In < ±5°
0.4 In < Io < ±2°
Angular reset ratio
Forward and backward 10°
All other selection 5°
Table 28 The technical data of the residual directional overcurrent protection function
DV7036_V1.1 26/116
Parameters
Directionality of the function
NonDir,Forward-Angle,Backward-
Angle,Forward-I*cos(fi),Backward-
Forward-
TOC67N_Dir_EPar_ Direction I*cos(fi),Forward-I*sin(fi),Backward-
Angle
I*sin(fi),Forward-I*sin(fi+45),Backward-
I*sin(fi+45)
Operating characteristic selection of the TOC51N module
Off,DefiniteTime,IEC Inv,IEC VeryInv,IEC
ExtInv,IEC LongInv,ANSI Inv,ANSI
TOC67N_Oper_EPar_ Operation ModInv,ANSI VeryInv,ANSI ExtInv,ANSI DefiniteTime
LongInv,ANSI LongVeryInv,ANSI
LongExtInv
Table 29 The enumerated parameters of the residual directional overcurrent protection
function
Short explanation of the enumerated parameter “Direction”

Selected value Explanation
NonDir, Operation according to non-directional TOC51N
See Figure, set RCA (Characteristic Angle) and ROA (Operating Angle)
Forward-Angle
as required
RCAactual=RCAset+180°, set RCA (Characteristic Angle) and ROA
Backward-Angle
(Operating Angle) as required
Forward-I*cos(fi) RCA=0°fix, ROA=85°fix, the setting values RCA and ROA are not applied
RCA=180°fix, ROA=85°fix, the setting values RCA and ROA are not
Backward-I*cos(fi)
applied
Forward-I*sin(fi)
applied
RCA=–90°fix, ROA=85°fix, the setting values RCA and ROA are not
Backward-I*sin(fi)
applied
Forward-I*sin(fi+45)
applied
RCA=–135°fix, ROA=85°fix, the setting values RCA and ROA are not
Backward-I*sin(fi+45)
applied
Table 30 The short explanation of the enumerated parameters of the residual directional
overcurrent protection function
Integer parameters
The threshold value for the 3Uo zero sequence voltage, below which no directionality is possible.
% of the rated voltage of the voltage transformer input
TOC67N_UoMin_IPar_ URes Min % 1 10 1 2
The threshold value for the 3Io zero sequence current, below which no operation is possible.
% of the rated current of the current transformer input
TOC67N_IoMin_IPar_ IRes Min % 1 50 1 5
Operating angle (See Figure)
TOC67N_ROA_IPar_ Operating Angle deg 30 80 1 60
Characteristic angle (See Figure)
TOC67N_RCA_IPar_ Characteristic Angle deg -180 180 1 60
Start current (TOC51N module)
TOC67N_StCurr_IPar_ Start Current % 5 200 1 50
Table 31 The integer parameters of the residual directional overcurrent protection function
DV7036_V1.1 27/116
Parameter name Title Unit Min Step Step Default

Time multiplier of the inverse characteristics (TOC51N module)
TOC67N_Multip_FPar_ Time Multiplier 0.05 999 0.01 1.0
Table 32 The float point parameter of the residual directional overcurrent protection
function
Timer parameters
Minimal time delay for the inverse characteristics (TOC 51N module):
TOC67N_MinDel_TPar_ Min Time Delay msec 50 60000 1 100
Definite time delay (TOC 51N module):
TOC67N_DefDel_TPar_ Definite Time Delay msec 0 60000 1 100
Reset time delay for the inverse characteristics (TOC 51N module):
TOC67N_Reset_TPar_ Reset Time msec 0 60000 1 100
Table 33 The timer parameters of the residual directional overcurrent protection function
DV7036_V1.1 28/116
1.2.1.7 Charging current compensation in line differential protection
The line differential protection compares the currents at the ends of a line or cable. If the difference
is above the characteristic of the protection function then trip command is generated.
In case of long overhead lines or cables the capacitive charging current can be large, needing
careful setting of the protection characteristic.
The capacitive charging current, however, can be calculated if the sampled values of the derivative
of the phase voltages are available and the positive and zero sequence capacitance values are
given as parameter values.
Using the calculated capacitive current at both line ends, the measured currents can be
compensated and the operation of the line differential protection function gets more stabile even in
case of sensitive characteristic setting values.
Mode of operation
The charging current compensation function block calculates the current compensation with the
following algorithm:
The derivatives of the phase voltages are approximated with voltage differences. E.g. in phase L1:
In this formula
is the sampled value of the voltage at the k-th calculation step,
is the sampled value of the voltage one calculation step before,
is the calculation time step.
Using the derivative of the voltage, the charging current is approximated with the formula:
In this formula the calculation is performed with symmetrical component values, and
is the momentary value of the charging current,
is the capacitance calculated from the capacitive reactances.
For this calculation the line (or cable) is modeled with the equivalent “π” connection, where the half
of the capacitances of the line (or cable) is connected to both ends of the lines. The values are
calculated from the total positive and zero sequence capacitive reactances of the line (or cable).
These reactances are given as parameter values.
The algorithm calculates the Fourier components of the charging currents.
The difference of the separately calculated Fourier components of the line currents and the Fourier
components of the charging currents is the compensated current:
In this formula
is for the phases L1, L2, L3,
is the compensated current in phase x
is the measured current in phase x
is the charging current in phase x
The line differential protection function gets the compensated current.
DV7036_V1.1 29/116
The current compensation can be enabled with binary parameter setting, and also the binary input
can block the algorithm. In disabled or blocked state the charging current is considered to be zero,
the line differential protection function uses the measured line currents.
Summary of the parameters


Enabling charging current compensation
CCC_Comp_EPar_ Compensation Off, On Off
Table 1-34 The enumerated parameter of the charging current compensation function
Float parameters

Positive sequence capacitive reactance of the line or cable
CCC_XC1_FPar_ XC1 ohm 100 2000 0.1 500
Zero sequence capacitive reactance of the line or cable
CCC_XC0_FPar_ XC0 ohm 100 2000 0.1 500
Table 1-35 Float parameters of the charging current compensation function
DV7036_V1.1 30/116
1.2.1.8 Line differential protection function (DIF87L)
The line differential protection function provides main protection for two terminal transmission lines.
The line differential protection function does not apply vector shift compensation, thus transformers
must be excluded from the protected section.
The operating principle is based on synchronized Fourier basic harmonic comparison between the
line ends.
The devices at both line ends sample the phase currents and calculate the Fourier basic harmonic
components. These components are exchanged between the devices synchronized via
communication channels. The differential characteristic is a biased characteristic with two break
points. Additionally, an unbiased overcurrent stage is applied, based on the calculated differential
current.
The EuroProt+ protection devices communicate via fiber optic cables. Generally, mono-mode
cables are required, but for distances below 2 km a multi-mode cable may be sufficient. The line
differential protection can be applied up to the distance of 120 km. (The limiting factor is the
damping of the fiber optic channel: up to 30 dB is permitted to prevent the disturbance of operation.)
The hardware module applied is the CPU module of the EuroProt+ protection device. The two
devices are interconnected via the “process bus”.
Technical data
2 breakpoints and
Operating characteristic
unrestrained decision
Reset ratio 0.95
Characteristic accuracy (Ibias>2xIn) <2%
Operate time (Ibias>0.3xIn) Typically 35 ms
Reset time Typically 60 ms
Table 36 Technical data of the line differential protection
Parameters
Enumerated parameter for the line differential protection function:
Parameter to enable the line differential protection function:
DIFF87L_Oper_EPar_ Operation Off, On Off
Table 37 The enumerated parameter of the line differential protection function
Integer parameters
Parameters of the percentage characteristic curve:
Base sensitivity:
DIFF87L_f1_IPar_ Base Sensitivity % 10 50 1 30
Slope of the second section of the characteristics:
DIFF87L_f21_IPar_ 1st Slope % 10 50 1 30
Slope of the third section of the characteristics
DIFF87L_f2_IPar_ 2nd Slope % 50 100 1 70
Bias limit of the first slope:
DIFF87L_f2Brk_IPar_ 1st Slope Bias Limit % 100 400 1 200
Unrestrained line differential protection current level:
DIFF87L_HS_IPar_ UnRst Diff Current % 500 1500 1 800
Table 38 The integer parameters of the line differential protection function
Floating point parameters
DV7036_V1.1 31/116
DIFF87L_LocalRatio_FPar_ Local Ratio - 0.10 2.00 0.01 1.00
DIFF87L_RemoteRatio_FPar_, Remote Ratio - 0.10 2.00 0.01 1.00
Table 39 The float parameters of the line differential protection function

Timer parameters
The line differential protection function does not have timers.
DV7036_V1.1 32/116
1.2.1.9 Distance protection function (DIS21)

The distance protection function provides main protection for overhead lines and cables of solidly
grounded networks. Its main features are as follows:
• A full-scheme system provides continuous measurement of impedance separately in three
independent phase-to-phase measuring loops as well as in three independent phase-to-
earth measuring loops.
• The complex earth fault compensation factor is applied for correct impedance measuring on
single-phase-to-earth fault.
• Analogue input processing is applied to the zero sequence current of the parallel line.
• Impedance calculation is conditional of the values of phase currents being sufficient. The
current is considered to be sufficient for impedance calculation if it is above the level set by
parameter.
• To decide the presence or absence of the zero sequence current, biased characteristics
are applied.
• Full-scheme faulty phase identification by minimum impedance detection.
• Five independent distance protection zones are configured.
• The operating decision is based on polygon-shaped characteristics.
jX
Angle 2nd Quad

angle Zone Reduct Angle
Zone X
Load Angle
angle
Line Angle
R
R Load
Angle 4th Quad Load encroachment
Zone R angle
LdLioad
angle
• Load encroachment characteristics can be selected (see Figure) determined by two
parameters.
• The directional decision is dynamically based on:
o measured loop voltages if they are sufficient for decision,
o healthy phase voltages if they are available for asymmetrical faults,
o voltages stored in the memory if they are available,
• Directional decision of any zones can be reversed.
• The operation of any zones is non-directional if it is optionally selected.
• The distance protection function can operate properly if CVT is applied as well.
• Non-directional impedance protection function or high speed OC protection function is
applied in case of switch-onto-fault.
• Distance-to-fault evaluation is implemented (fault locator function).
• Binary input signals and conditions can influence the operation:
o blocking/enabling
o VT failure signal
• Integrated high-speed overcurrent back-up function is also implemented.
• The power swing detection function can block the distance protection function in case of
stable swings, or it can generate a trip command if the system operates out of step.
DV7036_V1.1 33/116
Technical data
Function Range Accuracy
Number of zones 5
Rated current In 1/5A, parameter setting
Rated voltage Un 100/200V, parameter setting
Current effective range 20 – 2000% of In ±1% of In
Voltage effective range 2-110 % of Un ±1% of Un
Impedance effective range
In=1A 0.1 – 200 Ohm ±5%
In=5A 0.1 – 40 Ohm
48 Hz – 52 Hz ±5%
Zone static accuracy
49.5 Hz – 50.5 Hz ±2%
Zone angular accuracy ±3 °
Operate time Typically 25 ms ±3 ms
Minimum operate time <20 ms
Reset time 16 – 25 ms
Reset ratio 1.1
Table 40 Technical data of the distance protection function
Measured values
Measured value Dim. Explanation
Measured positive sequence impedance in the L1N
ZL1 = RL1+j XL1 ohm loop, using the zero sequence current compensation
factor for zone 1
factor for zone 1
factor for zone 1
Measured positive sequence impedance in the L1L2
ZL1L2 = RL1L2+j XL1L2 ohm
loop
loop
loop
Fault location km Measured distance to fault
Fault react. ohm Measured reactance in the fault loop
Table 41 Measured values of the distance protection function
DV7036_V1.1 34/116
Parameters
Parameters to select directionality of the individual zones:
Operation
DIS21_Z1_EPar_ Off, Forward, Backward Forward
Zone1
Operation Off, Forward, Backward,
DIS21_Z2_EPar_ Forward
Zone2 NonDirectional
DIS21_Z5_EPar_ Backward
Parameters for power swing detection:
Operation Off,1 out of 3, 2 out of 3, 3 out of 3
DIS21_PSD_EPar_ 1 out of 3
PSD
Parameter enabling “out-of-step” function:
Oper
DIS21_Out_EPar_ Off, On Off
OutOfStep
Parameter for selecting one of the zones or “high speed overcurrent protection” for the
“switch-onto-fault” function:
SOTF Off, Zone1, Zone2, Zone3, Zone4,
DIS21_SOTFMd_EPar _ Zone1
Zone Zone5, HSOC
Table 42 The enumerated parameters of the distance protection function
Boolean parameters
To generate trip command (0) or to indicate starting only (1):
Parameter name Title Default Explanation
Zone1 Start
DIS21_Z1St_BPar_ 0 0 for Zone1 to generate trip command
Only
Zone2 Start
Only
Zone3 Start
Only
Zone4 Start
Only
Zone5 Start
Only
Table 43 The boolean parameters of the distance protection function
DV7036_V1.1 35/116
Integer parameters
Definition of minimal current enabling impedance calculation:
DIS21_Imin_IPar_ IPh Base Sens % 10 30 1 20
Definition of zero sequence current characteristic enabling impedance calculation in phase-to-
earth loops:
DIS21_IoBase_IPar_ IRes Base Sens % 10 50 1 10
DIS21_IoBias_IPar_ IRes Bias % 5 30 1 10
Definition of the polygon characteristic angle in the 4th quadrant of the impedance plane:
DIS21_dirRX_IPar_ Angle 4th Quad deg 0 30 1 15
Definition of the polygon characteristic angle in the 2nd quadrant of the impedance plane:
DIS21_dirXR_IPar_ Angle 2nd Quad deg 0 30 1 15
Definition of the polygon characteristic’s zone reduction angle on the impedance plane:
DIS21_Cut_IPar_ Zone Reduct Angle deg 0 40 1 0
Definition of the load angle of the polygon characteristic:
DIS21_LdAng_IPar_ Load Angle deg 0 45 1 30
Definition of the line angle:
DIS21_LinAng_IPar_ Line Angle deg 45 90 1 75
Definition of the ratio of the characteristics for power swing detection:
DIS21_RRat_IPar_ PSD R_out/R_in % 120 160 1 130
DIS21_XRat_IPar_ PSD X_out/X_in % 120 160 1 130
Definition of the overcurrent setting for the switch-onto-fault function, for the case where the
DIS21_SOTFMd_EPar_ (SOTF Zone) parameter is set to “HSOC”:
DIS21_SOTFOC_IPar_ SOTF Current % 10 1000 1 200
Table 44 The integer parameters of the distance protection function
DV7036_V1.1 36/116

Parameter name Title Dim. Min Max Default
R and X setting values for the five zones individually:
DIS21_Z1R_FPar Zone1 R ohm 0.1 200 10
DIS21_Z1X_FPar Zone1 X ohm 0.1 200 10
Load encroachment setting:
DIS21_LdR_FPar R Load ohm 0.1 200 10
Zero sequence current compensation factors for the five zones individually:
DIS21_Z1aX_FPar_ Zone1 (Xo-X1)/3X1 0 5 1
DIS21_Z1aR_FPar_ Zone1 (Ro-R1)/3R1 0 5 1
Parallel line coupling factor:
DIS21_a2X_FPar_ Par Line Xm/3X1 0 5 0
DIS21_a2R_FPar_ Par Line Rm/3R1 0 5 0
Data of the protected line for displaying distance:
DIS21_Lgth_FPar_ Line Length km 0.1 1000 100
DIS21_LReact_FPar_ Line Reactance ohm 0.1 200 10
Characteristics for the power swing detection function:
DIS21_Xin_FPar PSD Xinner ohm 0.1 200 10
DIS21_Rin_FPar PSD Rinner ohm 0.1 200 10
Table 45 The floating point parameters of the distance protection function
Timer parameters
Time delay for the zones individually:
DIS21_Z1Del_TPar_ Zone1 Time Delay ms 0 60000 1 0
Parameters for the power swing detection function:
DIS21_PSDDel_TPar_ PSD Time Delay ms 10 1000 1 40
DIS21_PSDSlow_TPar_ Very Slow Swing ms 100 10000 1 500
DIS21_PSDRes_TPar_ PSD Reset ms 100 10000 1 500
DIS21_OutPs_TPar_ OutOfStep Pulse ms 50 10000 1 150
Table 46 The timer parameters of the distance protection function
DV7036_V1.1 37/116
1.2.1.10 Out of Step (Pole slipping) protection function (PSLIP78)

The pole slipping protection function can be applied mainly for synchronous generators. If a
generator falls out of synchronism, then the voltage vector induced by the generator rotates slower
or with a higher speed as compared to voltage vectors of the network. The result is that according
to the frequency difference of the two vector systems, the cyclical voltage difference on the current
carrying elements of the network are overloaded cyclically. To protect the stator coils from the
harmful effects of the high currents and to protect the network elements, a disconnection is
required.
The pole slipping protection function is designed for this purpose.
Main features
The main features of the pole slipping protection function are as follows:
• A full-scheme system provides continuous measurement of impedances separately in three
independent phase-to-phase measuring loops.
• Impedance calculation is conditional on the values of the positive sequence currents being
above a defined value.
• A further condition of the operation is that the negative sequence current component is less
than 1/6 of the value defined for the positive sequence component.
• The operate decision is based on quadrilateral characteristics on the impedance plane
using four setting parameters.
• The number of vector revolutions can be set by a parameter.
• The duration of the trip signal is set by a parameter.
• Blocking/enabling binary input signal can influence the operation.
Technical data
Rated current In 1/5A, parameter setting
Rated Voltage Un 100/200V, parameter setting
Current effective range 20 – 2000% of In ±1% of In
Impedance effective range
In=1A 0.1 – 200 Ohm ±5%
In=5A 0.1 – 40 Ohm
48 Hz – 52 Hz ±5%
Zone static accuracy
49.5 Hz – 50.5 Hz ±2%
Operate time Typically 25 ms ±3 ms
Minimum operate time <20 ms
Reset time 16 – 25 ms
Table 47 The technical data of the pole slip function
Parameters
Parameter for disabling the function
PSLIP78_Oper_EPar_ Operation Off, On Off
Table 48 The enumerated parameter of the pole slip function
Integer parameters
Definition of the number of the vector revolution up to the trip command:
Max. cycle
PSLIP78_MaxCyc_IPar__ cycle 1 10 1 1
number
Definition of the minimal current for the impedance vector calculation
PSLIP78_I1Low_IPar_ I1LowLimit % 50 200 1 120
Table 49 Integer parameters of the pole slip function
DV7036_V1.1 38/116
Float parameters
R setting of the impedance characteristics in forward direction
PSLIP78_Rfw_FPar_ R forward ohm 0.10 150.00 2 10.00
X setting of the impedance characteristics in forward direction
PSLIP78_Xfw_FPar_ X forward ohm 0.10 150.00 2 10.00
R setting of the impedance characteristics in backward direction
PSLIP78_Rbw_FPar_ R backward ohm 0.10 150.00 2 10.00
X setting of the impedance characteristics in backward direction
PSLIP78_Xbw_FPar_ X backward ohm 0.10 150.00 2 10.00
Table 50 The float parameters of the pole slip function
Timer parameters
Time delay for waiting the subsequent revolution
PSLIP78_Dead_TPar_ Dead time msec 1000 60000 1 5000
Generated trip impulse duration
PSLIP78_TrPu_TPar_ Trip pulse msec 50 10000 1 150
Table 51 The timer parameters of the pole slip function
DV7036_V1.1 39/116
1.2.1.11 Switch-onto-fault preparation function (SOTF)
Some protection functions, e.g. distance protection, directional overcurrent protection, etc. also
need to decide the direction of the fault. This decision is based on the angle between the voltage
and the current. In case of close-up faults, however, the voltage of the faulty loop is near zero: it is
not sufficient for a directional decision. If there are no healthy phases, then the voltage samples
stored in the memory are applied to decide if the fault is forward or reverse.
If the protected object is energized, the close command for the circuit breaker is received in “dead”
condition. This means that the voltage samples stored in the memory have zero values. In this case
the decision on the trip command is based on the programming of the protection function for the
“switch-onto-fault” condition.
This “switch-onto-fault” detection function prepares the conditions for the subsequent decision.
The function can handle both automatic and manual close commands.
The automatic close command is not an input for this function. It receives the “Dead line” status
signal from the DLD (dead line detection) function block. After dead line detection, the AutoSOTF
binary output is delayed by a timer with a constant 200 ms time delay. After voltage detection
(resetting of the dead line detection input signal), the drop-off of the output signal is delayed by a
timer set by the user.
The manual close command is an input binary signal. The drop-off of this signal is delayed by a
timer with timing set by the user.
The fault detection is the task of the subsequent distance protection, directional overcurrent
protection, etc.
The operation of the “switch-onto-fault” detection function is shown in Figure 8.
SOTF Cond
t t
Deadline SOTF_AutoSOTF _GrI
200
Par_SOTF drop
delay
t
CBCLOSE SOTF_ManSOTF _GrI
(BIn1403)
Figure 8 The scheme of the “switch-onto-fault” preparation

Technical data
Function Accuracy
Timer accuracy ±5% or ±15 ms, whichever is greater
Table 52 Technical data of the switch-onto-fault detection
DV7036_V1.1 40/116
Parameters
Timer parameter
Drop-off time delay for the signal
SOTF Drop
SOTF_SOTFDel_TPar_ msec 100 10000 1 1000
Delay
Table 53 The timer parameter of the switch-onto-fault detection function
DV7036_V1.1 41/116
1.2.1.12 Teleprotection function

The non-unit protection functions, generally distance protection, can have two, three or even more
zones available. These are usually arranged so that the shortest zone corresponds to an
impedance slightly smaller than that of the protected section (underreach) and is normally
instantaneous in operation. Zones with longer reach settings are normally time-delayed to achieve
selectivity.
As a consequence of the underreach setting, faults near the ends of the line are cleared with a
considerable time delay. To accelerate this kind of operation, protective devices at the line ends
exchange logic signals (teleprotection). These signals can be direct trip command, permissive or
blocking signals.
In some applications even the shortest zone corresponds to an impedance larger than that of the
protected section (overreach).
As a consequence of the overreach setting, faults outside the protected line would also cause an
immediate trip command that is not selective. To prevent such unselective tripping, protective
devices at the line ends exchange blocking logic signals.
The combination of the underreach – overreach settings with direct trip command, permissive of
blocking signals facilitates several standard solutions, with the aim of accelerating the trip command
while maintaining selectivity.
The teleprotection function block is pre-programmed for some of these modes of operation. The
required solution is selected by parameter setting; the user has to assign the appropriate inputs by
graphic programming.
Similarly, the user has to assign the “send” signal to a relay output and to transmit it to the far end
relay. The trip command is directed graphically to the appropriate input of the trip logic, which will
energize the trip coil.
Depending on the selected mode of operation, the simple binary signal sent and received via a
communication channel can have several meanings:
• Direct trip command
• Permissive signal
• Blocking signal
To increase the reliability of operation, in this implementation of the telecommunication function the
sending end generates a signal, which can be transmitted via two different channels.
NOTE: the type of the communication channel is not considered here. It can be
• Pilot wire
• Fiber optic channel
• High frequency signal over transmission line
• Radio or microwave
• Binary communication network
• Etc.
The function receives the binary signal via optically isolated inputs. It is assumed that the signal
received through the communication channel is converted to a DC binary signal matching the binary
input requirements.
For the selection of one of the standard modes of operation, the function offers two enumerated
parameters, Operation and PUTT Trip. With the parameter Operation, the following options are
available: PUTT, POTT, Dir. Comparison, Dir. Blocking, DUTT while with the parameter PUTT Trip:
with Start,with Overreach can be set.
DV7036_V1.1 42/116
Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip (PUTT)
The IEC standard name of this mode of operation is Permissive Underreach Protection (PUP).
The protection system uses telecommunication, with underreach setting at each section end. The
signal is transmitted when a fault is detected by the underreach zone. Receipt of the signal at the
other end initiates tripping if other local permissive conditions are also fulfilled, depending on
parameter setting.
For trip command generation using the parameter SCH85_PUTT_EPar_ (PUTT Trip), the following
options are available:
• with Start
• with Overreach
Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip (PUTT) with start
signal is transmitted when a fault is detected by the underreach zone. The signal is prolonged by a
drop-down timer. Receipt of the signal at the other end initiates tripping in the local protection if it is
in a started state.
T Rec1
UZSt OR
Rec2
Send
ZSt Fw
AND Send AND Ztp
Blk NOT Blk NOT
CarrFail NOT CarrFail NOT
SEND RECEIVE
Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip (PUTT) with Overreach
signal is transmitted when a fault is detected by the underreach zone. The signal is prolonged by a
drop-down timer. Receipt of the signal at the other end initiates tripping if the local overreaching
zone detects fault.
T
UZSt Rec1
OR
Send Rec2
Send OZSt
Blk AND AND Ztp
NOT Blk NOT
CarrFail NOT NOT

CarrFail
SEND RECEIVE
DV7036_V1.1 43/116
Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip (POTT)
The IEC standard name of this mode of operation is Permissive Overreach Protection (POP).
The protection system uses telecommunication, with overreach setting at each section end. The
signal is transmitted when a fault is detected by the overreach zone. This signal is prolonged if a
general trip command is generated. Receipt of the signal at the other end permits the initiation of
tripping by the local overreach zone.
OZSt Rec1
OR OR
AND T Rec2
GenTr
Send AND Sen OZSt
AND Ztp
Blk NOT d Blk NOT
CarrFail NOT CarrFail NOT
SEND RECEIVE
Directional comparison (Dir.Comparison)
The protection system uses telecommunication. The signal is transmitted when a fault is detected in
forward direction. This signal is prolonged if a general trip command is generated.
Receipt of the signal at the other end permits the initiation of tripping by the local protection if it
detected a fault in forward direction.
OR Rec1
ZSt Fw T
AND OR
Gen Tr Rec2
AND Send
Dir Tr ZStFw
NOT AND Ztp
Blk Blk NOT
CarrFail NOT
CarrFail NOT
SEND RECEIVE
DV7036_V1.1 44/116
Blocking directional comparison (Dir.Blocking)
The IEC standard name of this mode of operation is Blocking Overreach Protection (BOP).
The protection system uses telecommunication, with overreach setting at each section end. The
blocking signal is transmitted when a reverse external fault is detected. The signal is prolonged by a
drop-down timer. For the trip command, the forward fault detection is delayed to allow time for a
blocking signal to be received from the opposite end. Receipt of the signal at the other end blocks
the initiation of tripping of the local protection. The received signal is accepted only if the duration is
longer then the parameter Min.Block Time, and the signal is prolonged by a drop-down timer.
OZSt
T ZSt Fw T
ZSt Bw
Send St
Rec 1
OR OR NOT
ZSt Fw NOT Rec 2
AND Send AND Ztp
T T
Blk NOT
Min Blk
CarrFail NOT Pro Blk
Blk NOT
CarrFail NOT
SEND RECEIVE
Direct underreaching transfer trip (DUTT)
The IEC standard name of this mode of operation is Intertripping Underreach Protection (IUP). The
protection system uses telecommunication, with underreach setting at each section end. The signal
is transmitted when a fault is detected by the underreach zone. Receipt of the signal at the other
end initiates tripping, independent of the state of the local protection.
T
UZSt Rec 1
OR T
Send Rec 2
Dir Tr AND Ztp
AND Send Blk NOT
Blk NOT
NOT CarrFail NOT

CarrFail
SEND RECEIVE
DV7036_V1.1 45/116
Technical data
Function Accuracy
Operate time accuracy ±5% or ±15 ms, whichever is greater
Parameters
Parameter for teleprotection type selection:
Off, PUTT, POTT, Dir. comparison,
SCH85_Op_EPar_ Operation Off
Dir. blocking, DUTT
Parameter for PUTT type selection:
PUTT with Over-
SCH85_PUTT_EPar_ with Start, with Overreach
Trip reach
Timer parameters
Send signal prolong time:
SCH85_Send_TPar_ Send Prolong time ms 1 10000 1 10
Received direct trip delay time for DUTT:
Direct Trip delay
SCH85_DirTr_TPar_ ms 1 10000 1 10
DUTT
Forward fault detection delaying for Dir. Blocking:
SCH85_St_TPar_ Z Start delay (block) ms 1 10000 1 10
Duration limit for Dir. Blocking:
SCH85_MinBlk_TPar
Min. Block time ms 1 10000 1 10
_
Prolong duration for Dir. Blocking:
SCH85_ProBlk_TPar
Prolong Block time ms 1 10000 1 10
_
Binary output status signals
Binary output status signals Signal title Explanation
SCH85_Ztp_GrI_ Z Teleprot. Trip Teleprotection trip command
Teleprotection signal to be
SCH85_Send_GrI_ Send signal
transmitted to the far end
Binary input status signals
The binary input status signals are the results of logic equations graphically edited by the user.
Binary input signals Signal title Explanation
SCH85_Blk_GrO_ Block Blocking signal
Signal indicating the failure of the
SCH85_CarFail_GrO_ Carrier fail
communication channel
SCH85_Rec1_GrO_ Receive opp.1 Signal 1 received from the opposite end
SCH85_Rec2_GrO_ Receive opp.2 Signal 2 received from the opposite end
SCH85_ZStFw_GrO_ Z Gen.start Fw Protection start in forward direction
SCH85_UZSt_GrO_ Z Underreach Start Start of the underreaching zone (e.g. Z1)
SCH85_OZSt_GrO_ Z Overreach Start Start of the overreaching zone (e.g. Z2)
SCH85_GenTr_GrO_ General Trip General protection trip
SCH85_ZStBw_GrO_ Z Gen.start Bw Protection start in backward direction
DV7036_V1.1 46/116
1.2.1.13 Weak end infeed logic

The communication schemes for the distance protection applicable for the Protecta EuroProt+
device are described in the document “EuroProt+ Teleprotection function block descrition”. The aim
of these schemes is to accelerate the trip time in case of faults at the far line ends, which cannot be
covered with the fast Zone1.
The permissive communication schemes

• Permissive underreach transfer trip (PUTT). The IEC standard name of this mode of
operation is Permissive Underreach Protection (PUP);
• Permissive overreach transfer trip (POTT). The IEC standard name of this mode of
operation is Permissive Overreach Protection (POP);
• Directional comparison;
• Direct underreaching transfer trip (DUTT). The IEC standard name of this mode of
operation is Intertripping Underreach Protection (IUP)
need permissive signal from the remote end protection device. If this signal is not received then the
trip signal can be generated with the selective time delay only.
The protection at the far end of the line cannot detect the fault if
• The circuit breaker is open in all three phases, or
• The fault current, due to the weak source at the far end, is not enough to detect the fault.
In these cases the “weak end infeed logic” function block can generate the required permissive
signal of the far end protection.
The “weak end infeed logic” can be blocked
• by parameter setting (Operation=Off) (Op_Epar=0)
• by blocking input signal (Blk), programmed y the user, using the graphic logic.
If the operation of the function is not blocked then the function can generate binary output signals:
• “WEI trip”: this signal is intended to input in the trip logic to generate a trip signal to the own
circuit breaker
• “Send signal”: this signal is the permissive signal, intended to be sent to the protection at
the far line end.
• “Send echo”: this signal is the echoed signal received from the far line end device, and to
be sent back to the far line end device.
The signal selection is performed using the parameter “Operation”:

• If the setting is “Operation=Echo only” then no signal is generated to he own circuit breaker.
• If the setting is “Operation=Echo and Trip” then both Echo and Trip signals can be
generated.
Structure of the weak end infeed logic
Fig.1-2 shows the structure of the weak end infeed logic.
DV7036_V1.1 47/116
TIM
Drop Dly
OR
Blk
EchoBlk_TPa AND
r
Echo
TIM
Rec Pick
NO Dly
AND Delay_TP
T AND Tr
ar Op_Epar
Blk Echo NO =2
N
T
OT
O TIM
CB open R
AND Drop Dly
AND
Send_TPar AND Echo

Op_Epar
>0
NO
T
NOT
Op_Epar AND Send

>0
OZSt
Figure 1-9 Structure of the weak end infeed logic
DV7036_V1.1 48/116
The short explanation of the logic is as follows:
The function generates a “Send” signal, if forward fault is detected (OZst: the overreach zone
started) and the function is enabled (Op_Epar >0) and the function is not blocked (Blk). In this
case no “weak end” condition is valid.
Weak end means that either the circuit breaker is open or no forward fault detection is
possible due to high source impedance.
If the circuit breaker is open (Input “CB open” signal is active) and permissive signal is
received (input “Rec”) then this signal is echoed back to the far end (output signal “Echo”) The
drop-delay timer with parameter “Send_Tpar” sets the minimal duration of the Echo signal.
If the circuit breaker is not open then the pick delay timer leaves time for the “Blk Echo” signal
(e.g. in case of detection reverse fault) to block echoing. If this signal is not received during
the running time then the function generates the “Echo” signal.
The drop delay timer with parameter “EchoBlk_Tpar” prevents repeated signal generation.
The function generates also “Trip signal” if forward fault is detected and received “Echo”
signal accelerates trip signal generation. The additional condition is that the parameter setting
for “Op_Epar” enables Trip command and the function is not blocked.
Technical data
±5% or ±15 ms,
Timer accuracy Parameter values
Table 1-54 Technical data of the directional weak end infeed logic
Parameters
Disabling or operating mode of the function
WEI_Op_EPar_ Operation Off, Echo Only, Echo and Trip Off
Table 1-55 The enumerated parameters of the directional weak end infeed logic
Timer parameters
WEI_Send_TPar_ Echo Pulse duration msec 1 100 1 10
WEI_Delay_TPar_ Echo Delay msec 1 100 1 10
WEI_EchoBlk_TPar_ Echo Block Time msec 1 100 1 10
Table 1-56 The timer parameters of the directional weak end infeed logic
DV7036_Preliminary_3 49/116
1.2.1.14 Inrush detection function (INR68)

When an inductive element with an iron core (transformer, reactor, etc.) is energized, high
current peak values can be detected. This is caused by the transient asymmetric saturation of
the iron core as a nonlinear element in the power network. The sizing of the iron core is
usually sufficient to keep the steady state magnetic flux values below the saturation point of
the iron core, so the inrush transient slowly dies out. These current peaks depend also on
random factors such as the phase angle at energizing. Depending on the shape of the
magnetization curve of the iron core, the detected peaks can be several times above the
rated current peaks. Additionally, in medium or high voltage networks, where losses and
damping are low, the indicated high current values may be sustained at length. Figure below
shows a typical example for the inrush current shapes of a three-phase transformer.
A typical inrush current

As a consequence, overcurrent relays, differential relays or distance relays may start, and
because of the long duration of the high current peaks, they may generate an unwanted trip
command.
The inrush current detection function can distinguish between high currents caused by
overload or faults and the high currents during the inrush time.
The operating principle of the inrush current detection function is based on the special shape
of the inrush current.
The typical inrush current in one or two phases is asymmetrical to the time axis. For example,
in IT of the Figure above the positive peaks are high while no peaks can be detected in the
negative domain.
The theory of the Fourier analysis states that even harmonic components (2 nd, 4th etc.) are
dominant in waves asymmetrical to the time axis. The component with the highest value is the
second one.
Typical overload and fault currents do not contain high even harmonic components.
The inrush current detection function processes the Fourier basic harmonic component and
the second harmonic component of the three phase currents. If the ratio of the second
harmonic and the base Fourier harmonic is above the setting value of the parameter 2nd
Harm Ratio, an inrush detection signal is generated.
The signal is output only if the base harmonic component is above the level defined by the
setting of the parameter IPh Base Sens. This prevents unwanted operation in the event that
low currents contain relatively high error signals.
The function operates independently using all three phase currents individually, and
additionally, a general inrush detection signal is generated if any of the phases detects inrush
current.
The function can be disabled by the binary input Disable. This signal is the result of logic
equations graphically edited by the user.
Using the inrush detection binary signals, other protection functions can be blocked during the
transient period so as to avoid the unwanted trip.
Some protection functions use these signals automatically, but a stand-alone inrush detection
function block is also available for application at the user’s discretion.
Technical data
Current accuracy 20 … 2000% of In ±1% of In
Table 57 Technical data of the inrush detection function
Parameters
Disabling or enabling the operation of the function
INR2_Op_EPar_ Operation Off,On On
Table 58 The enumerated parameter of the inrush detection function
Integer parameters
Ratio of the second and basic harmonic Fourier components
INR2_2HRat_IPar_, 2nd Harm Ratio % 5 50 1 15
Basic sensitivity of the function
INR2_MinCurr_IPar_ IPh Base Sens % 20 100 1 30
Table 59 The integer parameter of the inrush detection function
1.2.1.15 Negative sequence overcurrent protection function (TOC46)
The negative sequence overcurrent protection function (TOC46) block operates if the
negative sequence current is higher than the preset starting value.
In the negative sequence overcurrent protection function, definite-time or inverse-time

characteristics are implemented, according to IEC or IEEE standards. The function evaluates
a single measured current, which is the RMS value of the fundamental Fourier component of
the negative sequence current. The characteristics are harmonized with IEC 60255-151,
Edition 1.0, 2009-08.
The definite (independent) time characteristic has a fixed delaying time when the current is
above the starting current Gs previously set as a parameter.
The standard dependent time characteristics of the negative sequence overcurrent protection
function are as follows.
 
 
 k 
t (G ) = TMS  
  G  − 1 
  GS  
where
G measured value of the characteristic quantity, Fourier base harmonic
of the negative sequence current (INFour),
GS preset starting value of the characteristic quantity,
IEC
kr c α
ref
1 A IEC Inv 0,14 0 0,02
5 ANSI Inv 0,0086 0,0185 0,02
6 D ANSI ModInv 0,0515 0,1140 0,02
8 F ANSI ExtInv 28,2 0,1217 2
9 ANSI LongInv 0,086 0,185 0,02
Table 60 The constants of the standard dependent time characteristics
A parameter (Operation) serves for choosing overcurrent function of independent time delay
or dependent one with type selection above.
Time multiplier of the inverse characteristics (TMS) is also a parameter to be preset.
G D = 20 * G S
Above this value the theoretical operating time is definite. The inverse type characteristics are
also combined with a minimum time delay, the value of which is set by user parameter
TOC46_MinDel_TPar_ (Min. Time Delay).
The negative phase sequence components calculation is based on the Fourier components of
the phase currents.
The binary output status signals of the negative sequence overcurrent protection function are
the general starting and the general trip command of the function.
The negative sequence overcurrent protection function has a binary input signal, which
serves the purpose of disabling the function. The conditions of disabling are defined by the
user, applying the graphic equation editor.
Technical data
Operating accuracy 10 ≤ Gs [%] ≤ 200 <2%
±5% or ±15 ms,
Reset ratio 0,95
Reset time *
<2 % or ±35 ms,
Dependent time charact.
Definite time charact. approx. 60 ms
Transient overreach <2%
Pickup time at 2* Gs <40 ms
Overshot time
Dependent time charact. 25 ms
Definite time charact. 45 ms
<4%
* Measured with signal contacts
Table 61 Technical data of the negative sequence overcurrent protection function
Parameters
Off, DefinitTime, IEC Inv,
IEC VeryInv, IEC ExtInv, IEC LongInv,
Definit
TOC46_Oper_EPar_ Operation ANSI Inv, ANSI ModInv, ANSI VeryInv,
Time
ANSI ExtInv, ANSI LongInv,
ANSI LongVeryInv, ANSI LongExtInv
Table 62 The enumerated parameter of the negative sequence overcurrent protection
function
Integer parameter
Table 63 The integer parameter of the negative sequence overcurrent protection
function

TOC46_Multip_FPar_ Time Multiplier 0.05 999 0.01 1.0
Table 64 The float point parameter of the time overcurrent protection function
Timer parameters
TOC46_MinDel_TPar_ Min Time Delay* msec 0 60000 1 100
Definite Time
TOC46_DefDel_TPar_ msec 0 60000 1 100
Delay**
TOC46_Reset_TPar_ Reset Time* msec 0 60000 1 100
Table 65 The timer parameter of the negative sequence overcurrent protection
function
1.2.1.16 Line thermal protection function (TTR49L)

Basically, line thermal protection measures the three sampled phase currents. RMS values
are calculated and the temperature calculation is based on the highest RMS value of the
phase currents.
The temperature calculation is based on the step-by-step solution of the thermal differential
equation. This method yields “overtemperature”, meaning the temperature above the ambient
temperature. Accordingly, the temperature of the protected object is the sum of the calculated
“overtemperature” and the ambient temperature.
If the calculated temperature (calculated “overtemperature”+ambient temperature) is above
the threshold values, alarm, trip and restart blocking status signals are generated.
For correct setting, the following values must be measured and set as parameters: rated load
current is the continuous current applied for the measurement, rated temperature is the
steady state temperature at rated load current, base temperature is the temperature of the
environment during the measurement and the time constant is the measured heating/cooling
time constant of the exponential temperature function.
When energizing the protection device, the algorithm permits the definition of the starting
temperature as the initial value of the calculated temperature. The parameter Startup Term. is
the initial temperature above the temperature of the environment as compared to the rated
temperature above the temperature of the environment
The ambient temperature can be measured using e.g. a temperature probe generating
electric analog signals proportional to the temperature. In the absence of such measurement,
the temperature of the environment can be set using the dedicated parameter
TTR49L_Amb_IPar_ (Ambient Temperature). The selection between parameter value and
direct measurement is made by setting the binary Boolean parameter.
The problem of metal elements (the protected line) exposed to the sun is that they are
overheated as compared to the „ambient” temperature even without a heating current;
furthermore, they are cooled mostly by the wind and the heat transfer coefficient is highly
dependent on the effects of the wind. As the overhead lines are located in different
geographical environments along the tens of kilometers of the route, the effects of the sun
and the wind cannot be considered in detail. The best approximation is to measure the
temperature of a piece of overhead line without current but exposed to the same
environmental conditions as the protected line itself.
The application of thermal protection of the overhead line is a better solution than a simple
overcurrent-based overload protection because thermal protection “remembers” the
preceding load states of the line and the setting of the thermal protection does not need so a
high security margin between the permitted current and the permitted continuous thermal
current of the line. In a broad range of load states and in a broad range of ambient
temperatures this permits the better exploitation of the thermal and consequently current
carrying capacity of the line.
The thermal differential equation to be solved is:

d 1 I 2 (t ) R cm
= ( − ) , and the definition of the heat time constant is: T =
dt T hA hA
In this differential equation:
I(t) (RMS) heating current, the RMS value usually changes over time;
R resistance of the line;
c specific heat capacity of the conductor;
m mass of the conductor;
 rise of the temperature above the temperature of the environment;
h heat transfer coefficient of the surface of the conductor;
A area of the surface of the conductor;
t time.
The solution of the thermal differential equation for constant current is the temperature as the
function of time (the mathematical derivation of this equation is described in a separate
document):
I 2R  
t t
− −
(t ) = 1 − e T  + oe T
hA  

where
Θo is the starting temperature.
Remember that the calculation of the measurable temperature is as follows:
Temperature(t) = Θ(t)+Temp_ambient
where
Temp_ambient is the ambient temperature.
In a separate document it is proven that some more easily measurable parameters can be
introduced instead of the aforementioned ones. Thus, the general form of equation above is:
(t ) I 2    o − Tt
t
−
H (t ) = 
= 2 1 − e T +
n In    e
 n
where:
H(t) is the „thermal level” of the heated object, this is the temperature as a percentage
of the Θn reference temperature. (This is a dimensionless quantity but it can also
be expressed in a percentage form.)
Θn is the reference temperature above the temperature of the environment, which
can be measured in steady state, in case of a continuous In reference current.
In is the reference current (can be considered as the nominal current of the heated
object). If it flows continuously, then the reference temperature can be measured
in steady state.
o
is a parameter of the starting temperature related to the reference temperature
n
The RMS calculations modul calculate the RMS values of the phase currents individually. The
sampling frequency of the calculations is 1 kHz; therefore, theoretically, the frequency
components below 500Hz are considered correctly in the RMS values. This module is not part
of the thermal overload function; it belongs to the preparatory phase.
The Max selection module selects the maximal value of the three RMS phase currents.
The Thermal replica module solves the first order thermal differential equation using a simple
step-by-step method and compares the calculated temperature to the values set by
parameters. The temperature sensor value proportional to the ambient temperature can be an
input (this signal is optional, defined at parameter setting).
The function can be disblaed by parameter, or generates a trip pulse if the calculated
temperature exceeds the trip value, or generates a trip signal if the calculated temperature
exceeds the trip value given by a parameter but it resets only if the temperature cools below
the “Unlock temperature”.
The line thermal protection function has two binary input signals. The conditions of the input
signal are defined by the user, applying the graphic equation editor. One of the signals can
block the line thermal protection function, the other one can reset the accumulated heat and
set the temperature to the defined value for the subsequent heating test procedure.
Technical data
Function Accuracy
Operate time at I>1.2*Itrip <3 % or <+ 20 ms
Table 66 Technical data of the line thermal protection function
Parameters
Parameter for mode of operation
TTR49L_Oper_EPar_ Operation Off, Pulsed, Locked Pulsed
Table 67 The enumerated parameter of the line thermal protection function
The meaning of the enumerated values is as follows:
Off the function is switched off; no output status signals are generated;
Pulsed the function generates a trip pulse if the calculated temperature exceeds the
trip value
Locked the function generates a trip signal if the calculated temperature exceeds the
trip value. It resets only if the temperature cools below the “Unlock
temperature”.
Integer parameters
Alarm Temperature
TTR49L_Alm_IPar_ Alarm Temperature deg 60 200 1 80
Trip Temperature
TTR49L_Trip_IPar_ Trip Temperature deg 60 200 1 100
Rated Temperature
TTR49L_Max_IPar_ Rated Temperature deg 60 200 1 100
Base Temperature
TTR49L_Ref_IPar_ Base Temperature deg 0 40 1 25
Unlock Temperature
TTR49L_Unl_IPar_ Unlock Temperature deg 20 200 1 60
Ambient Temperature
TTR49L_Amb_IPar_ Ambient Temperature deg 0 40 1 25
Startup Term.
TTR49L_Str_IPar Startup Term % 0 60 1 0
Rated Load Current
TTR49L_Inom_IPar_ Rated Load Current % 20 150 1 100
Time constant
TTR49L_pT_IPar_ Time Constant min 1 999 1 10
Table 68 The integer parameters of the line thermal protection function
Boolean parameter
Boolean parameter Signal title Selection range Default
Parameter for ambient temperature sensor application
TTR49L_Sens_BPar_ Temperature Sensor No, Yes No
Table 69 The boolean parameter of the line thermal protection function
1.2.1.17 Definite time overvoltage protection function (TOV59)

The definite time overvoltage protection function measures three voltages. The measured
values of the characteristic quantity are the RMS values of the basic Fourier components of
the phase voltages.
The Fourier calculation inputs are the sampled values of the three phase voltages (UL1, UL2,
UL3), and the outputs are the basic Fourier components of the analyzed voltages (UL1Four,
UL2Four, UL3Four). They are not part of the TOV59 function; they belong to the preparatory
phase.
The function generates start signals for the phases individually. The general start signal is
generated if the voltage in any of the three measured voltages is above the level defined by
parameter setting value.
The function generates a trip command only if the definite time delay has expired and the
parameter selection requires a trip command as well.
The overvoltaget protection function has a binary input signal, which serves the purpose of
disabling the function. The conditions of disabling are defined by the user, applying the
Technical data
Pick-up starting accuracy < ± 0,5 %
Blocking voltage < ± 1,5 %
Reset time
U< → Un 60 ms
U< → 0 50 ms
Operate time accuracy < ± 20 ms
Minimum operate time 50 ms
Table 70 Technical data of the definite time overvoltage protection function
Parameters
Enabling or disabling the overvoltage protection function
TOV59_Oper_EPar_ Operation Off, On On
Table 71 The enumerated parameter of the definite time overvoltage protection
function
Integer parameter
Voltage level setting. If the measured voltage is above the setting value, the function generates
a start signal.
TOV59_StVol_IPar_ Start Voltage % 30 130 1 63
Table 72 The integer parameter of the definite time overvoltage protection function
Boolean parameter
Parameter name Title Default
Enabling start signal only:
TOV59_StOnly_BPar_ Start Signal Only FALSE
Table 73 The boolean parameter of the definite time overvoltage protection function
Timer parameter
Time delay of the overvoltage protection function.
TOV59_Delay_TPar_ Time Delay ms 0 60000 1 100
Table 74 The timer parameter of the definite time overvoltage protection function
1.2.1.18 Definite time undervoltage protection function (TUV27)

The definite time undervoltage protection function measures the RMS values of the
fundamental Fourier component of three phase voltages.
The Fourier calculation inputs are the sampled values of the three phase voltages (UL1, UL2,
UL3), and the outputs are the basic Fourier components of the analyzed voltages (UL1Four,
UL2Four, UL3Four). They are not part of the TUV27 function; they belong to the preparatory
phase.
The function generates start signals for the phases individually. The general start signal is
generated if the voltage is below the preset starting level parameter setting value and above
the defined blocking level.
The operation mode can be chosen by the type selection parameter. The function can be
disabled, and can be set to “1 out of 3”, “2 out of 3”, and “All”.
The overvoltage protection function has a binary input signal, which serves the purpose of
disabling the function. The conditions of disabling are defined by the user, applying the
Technical data
Pick-up starting accuracy < ± 0,5 %
Blocking voltage < ± 1,5 %
Reset time
U> → Un 50 ms
U> → 0 40 ms
Operate time accuracy < ± 20 ms
Minimum operate time 50 ms
Table 75 Technical data of the definite time undervoltage protection function
Parameters
TUV27_Oper_EPar_ Operation Off, 1 out of 3, 2 out of 3, All 1 out of 3
Table 76 The enumerated parameter of the definite time undervoltage protection
function
Integer parameters
Starting voltage level setting
TUV27_StVol_IPar_ Start Voltage % 30 130 1 52
Blocking voltage level setting
TUV27_BlkVol_IPar_ Block Voltage % 0 20 1 10
Table 77 The integer parameters of the definite time undervoltage protection function
Boolean parameter
TUV27_StOnly_BPar_ Start Signal Only FALSE
Table 78 The boolean parameter of the definite time undervoltage protection function
Timer parameters
Time delay of the undervoltage protection function.
TUV27_Delay_TPar_ Time Delay ms 0 60000 1 100
Table 79 The timer parameter of the definite time undervoltage protection function
1.2.1.19 Residual definite time overvoltage protection function (TOV59N)

The residual definite time overvoltage protection function operates according to definite time
characteristics, using the RMS values of the fundamental Fourier component of the zero
sequence voltage (UN=3Uo).
The Fourier calculation inputs are the sampled values of the residual or neutral voltage
(UN=3Uo) and the outputs are the RMS value of the basic Fourier components of those.
The function generates start signal if the residual voltage is above the level defined by
parameter setting value.
The residual overvoltage protection function has a binary input signal, which serves the
purpose of disabling the function. The conditions of disabling are defined by the user,
applying the graphic equation editor.
Technical data
2–8% <±2%
Pick-up starting accuracy
8 – 60 % < ± 1.5 %
Reset time
U> → Un 60 ms
U> → 0 50 ms
Operate time 50 ms < ± 20 ms
Table 80 Technical data of the residual definite time overvoltage protection function
Parameters
Parameter for enabling/disabling:
TOV59N_Oper_EPar_ Operation Off, On On
Table 81 The enumerated parameter of the residual definite time overvoltage
protection function
Integer parameter
Starting voltage parameter:
TOV59N_StVol_IPar_ Start Voltage % 2 60 1 30
Table 82 The integer parameter of the residual definite time overvoltage protection
function
Boolean parameter
TOV59N_StOnly_BPar_ Start Signal Only FALSE
Table 83 The boolean parameter of the residual definite time overvoltage protection
function
Timer parameter
TOV59N_Delay_TPar_ Time Delay ms 0 60000 1 100
Table 84 The time parameter of the residual definite time overvoltage protection
function
1.2.1.20 Over-frequency protection function (TOF81)

The deviation of the frequency from the rated system frequency indicates unbalance between
the generated power and the load demand. If the available generation is large compared to
the consumption by the load connected to the power system, then the system frequency is
above the rated value. The over-frequency protection function is usually applied to decrease
generation to control the system frequency.
Another possible application is the detection of unintended island operation of distributed
generation and some consumers. In the island, there is low probability that the power
generated is the same as consumption; accordingly, the detection of high frequency can be
one of the indication of island operation.
Accurate frequency measurement is also the criterion for the synchro-check and synchro-
switch functions.
The accurate frequency measurement is performed by measuring the time period between
two rising edges at zero crossing of a voltage signal. For the acceptance of the measured
frequency, at least four subsequent identical measurements are needed. Similarly, four invalid
measurements are needed to reset the measured frequency to zero. The basic criterion is
that the evaluated voltage should be above 30% of the rated voltage value.
The over-frequency protection function generates a start signal if at least five measured
frequency values are above the preset level.
Time delay can also be set.
The function can be enabled/disabled by a parameter.
The over-frequency protection function has a binary input signal. The conditions of the input
signal are defined by the user, applying the graphic equation editor. The signal can block the
under-frequency protection function.
Technical data
Operate range 40 - 70 Hz 30 mHz

Effective range 45 - 55 Hz / 55 - 65 Hz 2 mHz
Operate time min 140 ms
Time delay 140 – 60000 ms ± 20 ms
Reset ratio 0,99
Table 85 Technical data of the over-frequency protection function
Parameters
Selection of the operating mode
TOF81_Oper_EPar_ Operation Off,On On
Table 86 The enumerated parameter of the over-frequency protection function
Boolean parameter
TOF81_StOnly_BPar_ Start Signal Only FALSE
Table 87 The boolean parameter of the over-frequency protection function
Setting value of the comparison
TOF81_St_FPar_ Start Frequency Hz 40 60 0.01 51
Table 88 The float point parameter of the over-frequency protection function
Timer parameter
Time delay
TOF81_Del_TPar_ Time Delay msec 100 60000 1 200
Table 89 The timer parameter of the over-frequency protection function
1.2.1.21 Underfrequency protection function (TUF81)

the generated power and the load demand. If the available generation is small compared to
below the rated value. The under-frequency protection function is usually applied to increase
generation or for load shedding to control the system frequency.
generated is the same as consumption; accordingly, the detection of low frequency can be
one of the indications of island operation.
Accurate frequency measurement is also the criterion for the synchro-check and synchro-
switch functions.
The under-frequency protection function generates a start signal if at least five measured
frequency values are below the setting value.
The under-frequency protection function has a binary input signal. The conditions of the input
signal are defined by the user, applying the graphic equation editor. The signal can block the
under-frequency protection function.
Technical data
Operate range 40 - 70 Hz 30 mHz

Effective range 45 - 55 Hz / 55 - 65 Hz 2 mHz
Time delay 140 – 60000 ms ± 20 ms
Reset ratio 0,99
Table 90 Technical data of the under-frequency protection function
Parameters
TUF81_Oper_EPar_ Operation Off, On On
Table 91 The enumerated parameter of the under-frequency protection function
Boolean parameter
TUF81_StOnly_BPar_ Start Signal Only FALSE
Table 92 The boolean parameter of the under-frequency protection function
Preset value of the comparison
TUF81_St_FPar_ Start Frequency Hz 40 60 0.01 49
Table 93 The float point parameter of the under-frequency protection function
Timer parameter
Time delay
TUF81_Del_TPar_ Time Delay ms 100 60000 1 200
Table 94 The timer parameter of the under-frequency protection function
1.2.1.22 Rate of change of frequency protection function (FRC81)

the generated power and the load demand. If the available generation is large compared to
above the rated value, and if it is small, the frequency is below the rated value. If the
unbalance is large, then the frequency changes rapidly. The rate of change of frequency
protection function is usually applied to reset the balance between generation and
consumption to control the system frequency.
generated is the same as consumption; accordingly, the detection of a high rate of change of
frequency can be an indication of island operation.
Accurate frequency measurement is also the criterion for the synchro-switch function.
The source for the rate of change of frequency calculation is an accurate frequency
measurement.
In some applications, the frequency is measured based on the weighted sum of the phase
voltages.
The rate of change of frequency protection function generates a start signal if the df/dt value
is above the setting value. The rate of change of frequency is calculated as the difference of
the frequency at the present sampling and at three periods earlier.
The rate of change of frequency protection function has a binary input signal. The conditions
of the input signal are defined by the user, applying the graphic equation editor. The signal
can block the rate of change of frequency protection function.
Technical data
Function Effective range Accuracy
Operating range -5 - -0.05 and +0.05 - +5 Hz/sec

Pick-up accuracy ±20 mHz/sec
Time delay 140 – 60000 ms + 20 ms
Table 95 Technical data of the rate of change of frequency protection function
Parameters
FRC81_Oper_EPar_ Operation Off,On On
Table 96 The enumerated parameter of the rate of change of frequency protection
function
Boolean parameter
FRC81_StOnly_BPar_ Start Signal Only True
Table 97 The boolean parameter of the rate of change of frequency protection
function

Setting value of the comparison
FRC81_St_FPar_ Start df/dt Hz/sec -5 5 0.01 0.5
Table 98 The float point parameter of the rate of change of frequency protection
function
Timer parameters
Time delay
FRC81_Del_TPar_ Time Delay msec 100 60000 1 200
Table 99 The timer parameter of the rate of change of frequency protection function
1.2.1.23 Auto-reclose protection function (REC79HV)

The HV automatic reclosing function for high voltage networks can realize up to four shots of
reclosing. The dead time can be set individually for each reclosing and separately for single-
phase faults and for multi-phase faults.
The starting signal of the cycles can be generated by any combination of the protection
functions or external signals of the binary inputs. The selection is made by graphic equation
programming.
The automatic reclosing function is triggered if as a consequence of a fault a protection

function generates a trip command to the circuit breaker and the protection function resets
because the fault current drops to zero or the circuit breaker’s auxiliary contact signals open
state. According to the preset parameter values, either of these two conditions starts counting
the dead time, at the end of which the HV automatic reclosing function generates a close
command automatically. If the fault still exists or reappears, then within the "Reclaim time”
started at the close command the protection functions picks up again and the subsequent
cycle is started. If no pickup is detected within this time, then the HV automatic reclosing cycle
resets and a new fault will start the procedure with the first cycle again.
At the moment of generating the close command, the circuit breaker must be ready for
operation, which is signaled via a binary input (CB Ready). The Boolean parameter „ CB
State Monitoring” enables the function. The preset parameter value (CB Supervision time)
decides how long the HV automatic reclosing function is allowed to wait at the end of the
dead time for this signal. If the signal is not received during this dead time extension, then the
HV automatic reclosing function terminates.
Depending on binary parameter settings, the automatic reclosing function block can
accelerate trip commands of the individual reclosing cycles. This function needs user-
programmed graphic equations to generate the accelerated trip command.
In case of a manual close command which is assigned to the logic variable “Manual Close“
using graphic equation programming, a preset parameter value decides how long the HV
automatic reclosing function should be disabled after the manual close command.
The duration of the close command depends on preset parameter value “Close command
time“, but the close command terminates if any of the protection functions issues a trip
command.
The HV automatic reclosing function can control up to four reclosing cycles. Depending on the
preset parameter value “Reclosing cycles“, there are different modes of operation:
Disabled No automatic reclosing is selected,

1. Enabled Only one automatic reclosing cycle is selected,
1.2. Enabled Two automatic reclosing cycles are activated,
1.2.3. Enabled Three automatic reclosing cycles are activated,
1.2.3.4. Enabled All automatic reclosing cycles are activated.
The function can be switched Off /On using the parameter “Operation”
The user can also block the HV automatic reclosing function applying the graphic equation
editor. The binary status variable to be programmed is “Block”.
Depending on the present parameter value “Reclosing started by“, the HV automatic reclosing
function can be started either by resetting of the TRIP command or by the binary signal
indicating the open state of the circuit breaker.
If the reset state of the TRIP command is selected to start the HV automatic reclosing
function, then the conditions are defined by the user applying the graphic equation editor. The
binary status variable to be programmed is “AutoReclosing Start”.
If the open state of the circuit breaker is selected to start the HV automatic reclosing function,
then additionally to programming the “AutoReclosing Start“ signal, the conditions for detecting
the open state of the CB are defined by the user applying the graphic equation editor.
For all four reclosing cycles, separate dead times can be defined for single-phase-reclosing
after single-phase trip commands (as a consequence of single-phase faults) and for three-
phase-reclosing after three-phase trip commands (as a consequence of multi-phase faults).
The different dead time settings of single-phase-reclosing and three-phase-reclosing can be

justified as follows: in case of a single-phase fault, only the circuit breakers of the faulty phase
open. In this case, due to the capacitive coupling of the healthy phases, the extinction of the
secondary arc at the fault location can be delayed. Consequently, a longer dead time is
needed for the fault current to die out than in the case of a three-phase open state, when no
coupled voltage can sustain the fault current.
From other point of view, in case of a transmission line connecting two power systems, only a
shorter dead time is allowed for the three-phase open state because, due to the possible
power unbalance between the interconnected systems, a large angle difference can be
reached if the dead time is too long. If only a single phase is open, then the two connected
healthy phases and the ground can sustain the synchronous operation of both power
systems.
Special dead time can be necessary if a three-phase fault arises near either substation of a
line and the protection system operates without tele-protection. If the three-phase dead time
is too short, the HV automatic reclosing may attempt to close the circuit breaker during the
running time of the second zone trip at the other side. Consequently, a prolonged dead time is
needed if the fault was detected in the first zone.
Dead time reduction may be applicable if healthy voltage is measured in all three phases
during the dead time, this means that no fault exists on the line. In this case, the expiry of the
normal dead time need not be waited for; a reclosing attempt can be initiated immediately.
If, during the cycles, the three-phase dead time is applied once, then all subsequent cycles
will consider the three-phase dead time settings, too.
Three-phase reclosing can be disabled by a preset parameter value.
At the end of the dead time, reclosing is possible only if the circuit breaker can perform the
command. The conditions are defined by the user applying the graphic equation editor.
Reclosing is possible only if the conditions required by the “synchro-check” function are
fulfilled. The conditions are defined by the user applying the graphic equation editor. The HV
automatic reclosing function waits for a pre-programmed time for this signal. This time is
defined by the user. If the “SYNC Release” signal is not received during the running time of
this timer, then the “synchronous switch” operation is started.
The separate function controls the generation of the close command in case of relatively
rotating voltage vectors on both sides of the open circuit breaker to make contact at the
synchronous state of the rotating vectors. For this calculation, the closing time of the circuit
breaker must be defined.
When the close command is generated, a timer is started to measure the “Reclaim time”. If
the fault is detected again during this time, then the sequence of the HV automatic reclosing
cycles continues. If no fault is detected, then at the expiry of the reclaim time the reclosing is
evaluated as successful and the function resets. If fault is detected after the expiry of this
timer, then the cycles restart with the first reclosing cycle.
If the manual close command is received during the running time of any of the cycles, then
the HV automatic reclosing function resets.
After a manual close command, the HV automatic reclosing function does not operate for the
time period defined by a parameter.
In case of evolving faults i.e. when a detected single-phase fault changes to multi-phase fault,
the behavior of the automatic reclosing function is controlled by the preset parameter value
“Evolving fault“. The options are “Block Reclosing” or “Start 3Ph Rec.”
Depending on binary parameter settings, the automatic reclosing function block can
accelerate trip commands of the individual reclosing cycles.
Technical data
Function Accuracy
Operating time ±1% of setting value or ±30 ms
Table 100 Technical data of the rate of auto-reclose function
Parameters
Switching ON/OFF the HV automatic reclosing function
REC79_Op_EPar_ Operation Off, On On
Selection of the number of reclosing sequences
Reclosing Disabled, 1. Enabled, 1.2. Enabled,
REC79_CycEn_EPar_ 1. Enabled
Cycles 1.2.3. Enabled, 1.2.3.4. Enabled
Selection of triggering the dead time counter (trip signal reset or circuit breaker open position)
Reclosing
REC79_St_EPar_ Trip reset, CB open Trip reset
Started by
Selection of behavior in case of evolving fault (block reclosing or perform three-phase automatic
reclosing cycle)
Evolving Block
REC79_EvoFlt_EPar_ Block Reclosing, Start 3Ph Rec.
Fault Reclosing
Table 101 The enumerated parameters of the rate of auto-reclose function
Timer parameters
Dead time setting for the first reclosing cycle for single-phase fault
REC79_1PhDT1_TPar_ 1. Dead Time 1Ph msec 0 100000 10 500
Dead time setting for the second reclosing cycle for single-phase fault
Dead time setting for the third reclosing cycle for single-phase fault
Dead time setting for the fourth reclosing cycle for single-phase fault
Dead time setting for the first reclosing cycle for multi-phase fault
REC79_3PhDT1_TPar_1 1. Dead Time 3Ph msec 0 100000 10 1000
Special dead time setting for the first reclosing cycle for multi-phase fault
REC79_3PhDT1_TPar_2 1. Special DT 3Ph msec 0 100000 10 1350
Dead time setting for the second reclosing cycle for multi-phase fault
Dead time setting for the third reclosing cycle for multi-phase fault
Dead time setting for the fourth reclosing cycle for multi-phase fault
Reclaim time setting
REC79_Rec_TPar_ Reclaim Time msec 100 100000 10 2000
Impulse duration setting for the CLOSE command
REC79_Close_TPar_ Close Command Time msec 10 10000 10 100
Setting of the dynamic blocking time
REC79_DynBlk_TPar_ Dynamic Blocking Time msec 10 100000 10 1500
Setting of the blocking time after manual close command
REC79_MC_TPar_ Block after Man.Close msec 0 100000 10 1000
Setting of the action time (max. allowable duration between protection start and trip)
REC79_Act_TPar_ Action Time msec 0 20000 10 1000
Limitation of the starting signal (trip command is too long or the CB open signal received too late)
REC79_MaxSt_TPar_ Start Signal Max Time msec 0 10000 10 1000
Max. delaying the start of the dead-time counter
REC79_DtDel_TPar_ DeadTime Max Delay msec 0 100000 10 3000
Waiting time for circuit breaker ready to close signal
REC79_CBTO_TPar_ CB Supervision Time msec 10 100000 10 1000
Waiting time for synchronous state signal
REC79_SYN1_TPar_ Syn Check Max Time msec 500 100000 10 10000
Waiting time for synchronous switching signal
REC79_SYN2_TPar_ SynSw Max Time msec 500 100000 10 10000
Table 102 The timer parameters of the rate of auto-reclose function
Boolean parameters
Parameter name Title Default Explanation
Enable CB state monitoring for “Not
REC79_CBState_BPar_ CB State Monitoring 0
Ready” state
REC79_3PhRecBlk_BPar_ Disable 3Ph Rec. 0 Disable three-phase reclosing
Accelerate trip command at starting
REC79_Acc1_BPar_ Accelerate 1.Trip 0
cycle 1
cycle 2
cycle 3
cycle 4
REC79_Acc5_BPar_ Accelerate FinTrip 0 Accelerate final trip command
Table 103 The boolean parameters of the rate of auto-reclose function
1.2.1.24 Voltage transformer supervision function (VTS60)
The voltage transformer supervision function generates a signal to indicate an error in the
voltage transformer secondary circuit. This signal can serve, for example, as a warning,
indicating disturbances in the measurement, or it can disable the operation of the distance
protection function if appropriate measured voltage signals are not available for a distance
decision.
The voltage transformer supervision function is designed to detect faulty asymmetrical states
of the voltage transformer circuit caused, for example, by a broken conductor in the
secondary circuit.
(Another method for detecting voltage disturbances is the supervision of the auxiliary contacts
of the miniature circuit breakers in the voltage transformer secondary circuits. This function is
not described here.)
The user has to generate graphic equations for the application of the signal of this voltage
transformer supervision function.
This function is interconnected with the “dead line detection function”. Although the dead line
detection function is described fully in a separate document, the explanation necessary to
understand the operation of the VT supervision function is repeated also in this document.
The voltage transformer supervision function can be used in three different modes of
application:
Zero sequence detection (for typical applications in systems with grounded neutral):
“VT failure” signal is generated if the residual voltage (3Uo) is above the preset voltage
value AND the residual current (3Io) is below the preset current value.
Negative sequence detection (for typical applications in systems with isolated or

resonant grounded (Petersen) neutral): “VT failure” signal is generated if the negative
sequence voltage component (U2) is above the preset voltage value AND the negative
sequence current component (I2) is below the preset current value.
Special application: “VT failure” signal is generated if the residual voltage (3Uo) is
above the preset voltage value AND the residual current (3Io) AND the negative
sequence current component (I2) are below the preset current values.
The voltage transformer supervision function can be activated if “Live line” status is detected
for at least 200 ms. This delay avoids mal-operation at line energizing if the poles of the circuit
breaker make contact with a time delay. The function is set to be inactive if “Dead line” status
is detected.
If the conditions specified by the selected mode of operation are fulfilled (for at least 4
milliseconds) then the voltage transformer supervision function is activated and the operation
signal is generated. (When evaluating this time delay, the natural operating time of the
applied Fourier algorithm must also be considered.)
NOTE: For the operation of the voltage transformer supervision function the “ Dead line
detection function” must be operable as well: it must be enabled by binary parameter setting,
and its blocking signal may not be active.
If, in the active state, the conditions for operation are no longer fulfilled, the resetting of the
function depends on the mode of operation of the primary circuit:
• If the “Live line” state is valid, then the function resets after approx. 200 ms of time
delay. (When evaluating this time delay, the natural operating time of the applied
Fourier algorithm must also be considered.)
• If the “Dead line” state is started and the “VTS Failure” signal has been continuous
for at least 100 ms, then the “VTS failure” signal does not reset; it is generated
continuously even when the line is in a disconnected state. Thus, the “VTS Failure”
signal remains active at reclosing.
• If the “Dead line” state is started and the “VTS Failure” signal has not been
continuous for at least 100 ms, then the “VTS failure” signal resets.
Technical data
Pick-up voltage
Io=0A <1%
I2=0A <1%
Operation time <20ms
Reset ratio 0.95
Table 104 Technical data of the voltage transformer supervision function
Parameters
Integer parameters
Integer parameters of the dead line detection function
DLD_ULev_IPar_ Min Operate Voltage % 10 100 1 60
DLD_ILev_IPar_ Min Operate Current % 2 100 1 10
Starting voltage and current parameter for residual and negative sequence detection:
VTS_Uo_IPar_ Start URes % 5 50 1 30
VTS_Io_IPar_ Start IRes % 10 50 1 10
VTS_Uneg_IPar_ Start UNeg % 5 50 1 10
VTS_Ineg_IPar_ Start INeg % 10 50 1 10
Table 105 The integer parameters of the voltage transformer supervision function
Off, Zero sequence, Neg. sequence, Zero
VTS_Oper_EPar_ Operation
Special sequence
Table 106 The enumerated parameter of the voltage transformer supervision function
1.2.1.25 Current unbalance function (VCB60)
The current unbalance protection function (VCB60) can be applied to detect unexpected
asymmetry in current measurement.
The applied method selects maximum and minimum phase currents (RMS value of the
fundamental Fourier components). If the difference between them is above the setting limit,
the function generates a start signal. It is a necessary precondition of start signal generation
that the maximum of the currents be above 10 % of the rated current and below 150% of the
rated current.
The Fourier calculation modules calculate the RMS value of the basic Fourier current
components of the phase currents individually. They are not part of the VCB60 function; they
belong to the preparatory phase.
The analog signal processing module processes the RMS value of the basic Fourier current
components of the phase currents to prepare the signals for the decision. It calculates the
maximum and the minimum value of the RMS values and the difference between the
maximum and minimum of the RMS values of the fundamental Fourier components of the
phase currents as a percentage of the maximum of these values (ΔI>). If the maximum of the
currents is above 10 % of the rated current and below 150% of the rated current and the ΔI>
value is above the limit defined by the preset parameter (Start Current Diff) an output is
generated to the decision module.
The decision logic module combines the status signals to generate the starting signal and the
trip command of the function.
The trip command is generated after the defined time delay if trip command is enabled by the
Boolean parameter setting.
The function can be disabled by parameter setting, and by an input signal programmed by the
user with the graphic programming tool.
Technical data
Pick-up starting accuracy at In <2%
Reset ratio 0.95
Operate time 70 ms
Table 107 Technical data of the current unbalance function
Parameters
VCB60_Oper_EPar_ Operation Off, On On
Table 108 The enumerated parameter of the current unbalance function
Boolean parameter
Parameter name Title Explanation Default
Selection for trip command
VCB60_StOnly_BPar_ Start Signal Only 0 to generate trip command 0
Table 109 The boolean parameter of the current unbalance function
Integer parameter
Phase difference current setting
VCB60_StCurr_IPar_ Start Current Diff % 10 90 1 50
Table 110 The integer parameter of the current unbalance function
Timer parameter
Time delay
VCB60_Del_TPar_ Time Delay msec 100 60000 100 1000
Table 111 The timer parameter of the current unbalance function
1.2.1.26 Breaker failure protection function (BRF50)

After a protection function generates a trip command, it is expected that the circuit breaker
opens and the fault current drops below the pre-defined normal level.
If not, then an additional trip command must be generated for all backup circuit breakers to
clear the fault. At the same time, if required, a repeated trip command can be generated to
the circuit breakers which are a priori expected to open.
The breaker failure protection function can be applied to perform this task.
The starting signal of the breaker failure protection function is usually the trip command of any
other protection function assigned to the protected object. The user has the task to define
these starting signals using the graphic equation editor, or if the operation of the individual
phases is needed, then the start signals for the phases individually.
Two dedicated timers start at the rising edge of the start signals at the same time, one for the
backup trip command and one for the repeated trip command, separately for operation in the
individual phases. During the running time of the timers the function optionally monitors the
currents, the closed state of the circuit breakers or both, according to the user’s choice. The
selection is made using an enumerated parameter.
If current supervision is selected by the user then the current limit values must be set
correctly. The binary inputs indicating the status of the circuit breaker poles have no meaning.
If contact supervision is selected by the user then the current limit values have no meaning.
The binary inputs indicating the status of the circuit breaker poles must be programmed
correctly using the graphic equation editor.
If the parameter selection is “Current/Contact”, the current parameters and the status signals
must be set correctly. The breaker failure protection function resets only if all conditions for
faultless state are fulfilled.
If at the end of the running time of the backup timer the currents do not drop below the pre-
defined level, and/or the monitored circuit breaker is still in closed position, then a backup trip
command is generated.
If repeated trip command is to be generated for the circuit breakers that are expected to open,
then the enumerated parameter Retrip must be set to “On”. In this case, at the end of the
retrip timer(s) a repeated trip command is also generated in the phase(s) where the retrip
timer(s) run off.
The pulse duration of the trip command is not shorter than the time defined by setting the
parameter Pulse length.
The breaker failure protection function can be disabled by setting the enabling parameter to
“Off”.
Dynamic blocking (inhibition) is possible using the binary input Block. The conditions are to be
programmed by the user, using the graphic equation editor.
Technical data
Current accuracy <2 %
Retrip time approx. 15 ms
BF time accuracy + 5 ms
Current reset time 20 ms
Table 112 Technical data of the breaker failure protection function
Parameters
BRF50_Oper_EPar_ Operation Off, Current, Contact, Current/Contact Current
Switching on or off of the repeated trip command
BRF50_ReTr_EPar_ Retrip Off, On On
Table 113 The enumerated parameters of the breaker failure protection function
Integer parameters
Phase current setting
BRF50_StCurrPh_IPar_ Start Ph Current % 20 200 1 30
Neutral current setting
BRF50_StCurrN_IPar_ Start Res Current % 10 200 1 20
Table 114 The integer parameters of the breaker failure protection function
Timer parameters
Time delay for repeated trip command generation
BRF50_TrDel_TPar_ Retrip Time Delay msec 0 10000 1 200
Time delay for trip command generation for the backup circuit breaker(s)
BRF50_BUDel_TPar_ Backup Time Delay msec 60 10000 1 300
Trip command impulse duration
BRF50_Pulse_TPar_ Pulse Duration msec 0 60000 1 100
Table 115 The timer parameters of the breaker failure protection function
1.2.1.27 Directional over-power protection function (DOP32)
The directional over-power protection function can be applied to protect any elements of the
electric power system mainly generators if the active and/or reactive power has to be limited.
Technical data
P,Q measurement I>5% In <3%

Table 116 Technical data of the directional over-power protection function
Parameters

Switching on/off of the function
DOP32_Oper_EPar_ Operation Off,On On
Table 117 The enumerated parameter of the directional over-power protection

function
Boolean parameter
Selection: start signal only or both start signal and trip command
DOP32_StOnly_BPar_ Start Signal Only 0
Table 118 The Boolean parameter of the directional over-power protection function
Integer parameter

Direction angle
DOP32_RCA_IPar_ Direction Angle deg -179 180 1 0
Table 119 Integer parameter of the directional over-power protection function
Float parameter

Minimum power setting
DOP32_StPow_FPar_ Start Power % 1 200 0.1 10
Table 120 Float parameter of the directional over-power protection function
Timer parameters

Definite time delay of the trip command
DOP32_Delay_TPar_ Time Delay msec 0 60000 1 100
Table 121 Timer parameter of the directional over-power protection function
1.2.1.28 Directional under-power protection function (DUP32)
The directional under-power protection function can be applied mainly to protect any elements
of the electric power system, mainly generators, if the active and/or reactive power has to be
limited in respect of the allowed minimum power.
Technical data
P,Q measurement I>5% In <3%

Table 122 Technical data of the directional under-power protection function
Parameters
Switching on/off of the function
DUP32_Oper_EPar_ Operation Off, On On
Table 123 The enumerated parameter of the directional under-power protection

function
Boolean parameter
Selection: start signal only or both start signal and trip command
DUP32_StOnly_BPar_ Start Signal Only 0
Table 124 The Boolean parameter of the directional under-power protection function
Integer parameter
Direction angle
DUP32_RCA_IPar_ Direction Angle deg -179 180 1 0
Table 125 Integer parameter of the directional under-power protection function
Float parameter
Minimum power setting
DUP32_StPow_FPar_ Start Power % 1 200 0,1 10
Table 126 Float parameter of the directional under-power protection function
Timer parameter
Definite time delay of the trip command
DUP32_Delay_TPar_ Time Delay msec 0 60000 1 100
Table 127 Timer parameter of the directional under-power protection function
1.2.1.29 Phase-selective trip logic (TRC94_PhS)
The phase-selective trip logic function operates according to the functionality required by the
IEC 61850 standard for the “Trip logic logical node”.
The function receives the trip requirements of the protective functions implemented in the
device and combines the parameters and the binary signals into the outputs of the device.
The trip requirements are programmed by the user, using the graphic equation editor. The
decision logic has the following aims:
• define a minimal impulse duration even if the protection functions detect a very short
time fault,
• in case of phase-to-phase faults, involve the third phase in the trip command,
• fulfill the requirements of the automatic reclosing function to generate a three-phase
trip command even in case of single-phase faults,
• in case of an evolving fault, during the evolving fault waiting time include all three
phases into the trip command.
The decision logic module combines the status signals and enumerated parameters to
generate the trip commands on the output module of the device.
Blk
OR NOT OR GenTr
Off
AND TrL1
OR
AND OR
StL1 OR
AND TrL2
OR
AND OR
StL2 OR
AND TrL3
OR
AND OR
StL3 OR
TrPu
Tr3ph
Tr1ph OR AND
Fin3ph AND AND
Oper=
3ph trip OR
AND
AND OR AND 3F TRIP

OR
NOT AND
AND
NOT AND t Evo
OR
50m AND
s
NOT
Technical data
Function Accuracy
Timer accuracy ±5% or ±15 ms, whichever is greater
Table 128 Technical data of the phase-selective trip logic function
Parameters
TRC94_Oper_EPar_ Operation Off, 3ph trip, 1ph/3ph trip 3ph trip
Tables 129 The enumerated parameter of the phase-selective trip logic function
Timer parameter
Minimum duration of the generated impulse
TRC94_TrPu_TPar_ Min Pulse Duration msec 50 60000 1 150
Waiting time for evolving fault
TRC94_Evo_TPar_ Evolving Fault Time msec 50 60000 1 1000
Table 130 Timer parameter of the phase-selective trip logic function
1.2.1.30 Dead line detection function (DLD)

The “Dead Line Detection” (DLD) function generates a signal indicating the dead or live state
of the line. Additional signals are generated to indicate if the phase voltages and phase
currents are above the pre-defined limits.
The task of the “Dead Line Detection” (DLD) function is to decide the Dead line/Live line state.
Criteria of “Dead line” state: all three phase voltages are below the voltage setting
value AND all three currents are below the current setting value.
Criteria of “Live line” state: all three phase voltages are above the voltage setting value.
The details are described in the document Dead line detection protection function block
description.
Technical data
Pick-up voltage 1%
Operation time <20ms
Reset ratio 0.95
Table 131 Technical data of the dead line detection function
Parameters
Integer parameters
Integer parameters of the dead line detection function
DLD_ULev_IPar_ Min. Operate Voltage % 10 100 1 60
DLD_ILev_IPar_ Min. Operate Current % 2 100 1 10
Table 132 The integer parameters of the dead line detection function
1.2.1.31
1.2.2 Control functions

1.2.2.1 Circuit breaker control function block (CB1Pol)
The Circuit breaker control function block can be used to integrate the circuit breaker control
of the EuroProt+ device into the station control system and to apply active scheme screens of
the local LCD of the device.
The Circuit breaker control function block receives remote commands from the SCADA
system and local commands from the local LCD of the device, performs the prescribed
checking and transmits the commands to the circuit breaker. It processes the status signals
received from the circuit breaker and offers them to the status display of the local LCD and to
the SCADA system.
Main features:
• Local (LCD of the device) and Remote (SCADA) operation modes can be enabled or
disabled individually.
• The signals and commands of the synchro check / synchro switch function block can
be integrated into the operation of the function block.
• Interlocking functions can be programmed by the user applying the inputs “EnaOff”
(enabled trip command) and “EnaOn” (enabled close command), using the graphic
equation editor.
• Programmed conditions can be used to temporarily disable the operation of the
function block using the graphic equation editor.
• The function block supports the control models prescribed by the IEC 61850
standard.
• All necessary timing tasks are performed within the function block:
o Time limitation to execute a command
o Command pulse duration
o Filtering the intermediate state of the circuit breaker
o Checking the synchro check and synchro switch times
o Controlling the individual steps of the manual commands
• Sending trip and close commands to the circuit breaker (to be combined with the trip
commands of the protection functions and with the close command of the automatic
reclosing function; the protection functions and the automatic reclosing function
directly gives commands to the CB). The combination is made graphically using the
graphic equation editor
• Operation counter
• Event reporting
The Circuit breaker control function block has binary input signals. The conditions are defined
by the user applying the graphic equation editor. The signals of the circuit breaker control are
seen in the binary input status list.
Technical data
Function Accuracy
Table 133 Technical data of the circuit breaker control function
Parameters
The control model of the circuit breaker node according to the IEC 61850 standard
Direct normal, Direct enhanced,
CB1Pol_ctlMod_EPar_ ControlModel* Direct normal
SBO enhanced
*ControlModel
• Direct normal: only command transmission
• Direct enhanced: command transmission with status check and command
supervision
• SBO enhanced: Select Before Operate mode with status check and command
supervision
Table 134 Enumerated parameter of the circuit breaker control function
Boolean parameter
Boolean parameter Title Explanation
If true, then the check function cannot be neglected
CB1Pol_DisOverR_BPar_ Forced check by the check attribute defined by the IEC 61850
standard
Table 135 Boolean parameter of the circuit breaker control function
Timer parameters
Timeout for signaling failed operation
CB1Pol_TimOut_TPar_ Max.Operating time msec 10 1000 1 200
Duration of the generated On and Off impulse
CB1Pol_Pulse_TPar_, Pulse length msec 50 500 1 100
Waiting time, at expiry intermediate state of the CB is reported
Max.Intermediate
CB1Pol_MidPos_TPar_ msec 20 30000 1 100
time
Length of the time period to wait for the conditions of the synchron state. After expiry of this time,
the synchro switch procedure is initiated (see synchro check/ synchro switch function block
description)
CB1Pol_SynTimOut_TPar_ Max.SynChk time msec 10 5000 1 1000
Length of the time period to wait for the synchro switch impulse (see synchro check/ synchro
switch function block description). After this time the function resets, no switching is performed
CB1Pol_SynSWTimOut_
Max.SynSW time* msec 0 60000 1 0
TPar_
Duration of the waiting time between object selection and command selection. At timeout no
command is performed
CB1Pol_SBOTimeout_
SBO Timeout msec 1000 20000 1 5000
TPar_
* If this parameter is set to 0, then the “StartSW” output is not activated
Table 136 Timer parameters of the circuit breaker control function
Available internal status variable and command channel

To generate an active scheme on the local LCD, there is an internal status variable indicating
the state of the circuit breaker. Different graphic symbols can be assigned to the values. (See
Chapter 3.2 of the document “EuroCAP configuration tool for EuroProt+ devices”).
Status variable Title Explanation

Can be:
0: Intermediate
CB1Pol_stVal_Ist_ Status 1: Off
2: On
3: Bad
The available control channel to be selected is:

Command channel Title Explanation
Can be:
CB1Pol_Oper_Con_ Operation On
Off
Using this channel, the pushbuttons on the front panel of the device can be assigned to close
or open the circuit breaker. These are the “Local commands”.
1.2.2.2 Disconnector control function (DisConn)
The Disconnector control function block can be used to integrate the disconnector control of
the EuroProt+ device into the station control system and to apply active scheme screens of
the local LCD of the device.
The Disconnector control function block receives remote commands from the SCADA system
and local commands from the local LCD of the device, performs the prescribed checking and
transmits the commands to the disconnector. It processes the status signals received from
the disconnector and offers them to the status display of the local LCD and to the SCADA
system.
Main features:
• Local (LCD of the device) and Remote (SCADA) operation modes can be enabled or
disabled individually.
• Interlocking functions can be programmed by the user applying the inputs “EnaOff”
(enabled trip command) and “EnaOn” (enabled close command), using the graphic
equation editor.
• Programmed conditions can be used to temporarily disable the operation of the
function block using the graphic equation editor.
• The function block supports the control models prescribed by the IEC 61850
standard.
• All necessary timing tasks are performed within the function block:
o Time limitation to execute a command
o Command pulse duration
o Filtering the intermediate state of the disconnector
o Controlling the individual steps of the manual commands
• Sending trip and close commands to the disconnector
• Operation counter
• Event reporting
The Disconnector control function block has binary input signals. The conditions are defined
by the user applying the graphic equation editor. The signals of the disconnector control are
seen in the binary input status list.
Technical data
Function Accuracy
Table 137 Technical data of the disconnector control function
Parameters
The control model of the disconnector node according to the IEC 61850 standard
Direct normal, Direct enhanced,
DisConn_ctlMod_EPar_ ControlModel* Direct normal
SBO enhanced
Type of switch
N/A,Load break, Disconnector,
DisConn_SwTyp_EPar_ Type of Switch Disconnector
Earthing Switch, HS Earthing Switch
*ControlModel
• Direct normal: only command transmission
• Direct enhanced: command transmission with status check and command supervision
• SBO enhanced: Select Before Operate mode with status check and command
supervision
Table 138 Enumerated parameters of the disconnector control function
Boolean parameter
Boolean parameter Title Explanation
If true, then the check function cannot be
DisConn_DisOverR_BPar_ Forced check neglected by the check attribute defined
by the IEC 61850 standard
Table 139 Boolean parameter of the disconnector control function
Timer parameters
Timeout for signaling failed operation
DisConn_TimOut_TPar_ Max.Operating time msec 10 20000 1 1000
Duration of the generated On and Off impulse
DisConn_Pulse_TPar_ Pulse length msec 50 30000 1 100
Waiting time, at expiry intermediate state of the disconnector is reported
Max.Intermediate
DisConn_MidPos_TPar_ msec 20 30000 1 100
time
Duration of the waiting time between object selection and command selection. At timeout no
command is performed
DisConn_SBOTimeout_
SBO Timeout msec 1000 20000 1 5000
TPar_
Table 140 Timer parameters of the disconnector control function
Available internal status variable and command channel

To generate an active scheme on the local LCD, there is an internal status variable indicating
the state of the disconnector. Different graphic symbols can be assigned to the values. (See
Chapter 3.2 of the document “EuroCAP configuration tool for EuroProt+ devices”).
Status variable Title Explanation

Can be:
0: Intermediate
DisConn l_stVal_Ist_ Status 1: Off
2: On
3:Bad
The available control channel to be selected is:

Command channel Title Explanation
Can be:
DisConn _Oper_Con_ Operation On
Off
Using this channel, the pushbuttons on the front panel of the device can be assigned to close
or open the disconnector. These are the “Local commands”.
1.2.2.3 Synchrocheck function (SYN25)

Several problems can occur in the electric power system if the circuit breaker closes and
connects two systems operating asynchronously. The high current surge can cause damage
in the interconnecting elements, the accelerating forces can overstress the shafts of rotating
machines or, at last, the actions taken by the protective system can result in the unwanted
separation of parts of the electric power system.
To prevent such problems, this function checks whether the systems to be interconnected are
operating synchronously. If yes, then the close command is transmitted to the circuit breaker.
In case of asynchronous operation, the close command is delayed to wait for the appropriate
vector position of the voltage vectors on both sides of the circuit breaker. If the conditions for
safe closing cannot be fulfilled within an expected time, then closing is declined.
The conditions for safe closing are as follows:

• The difference of the voltage magnitudes is below the declared limit,
• The difference of the frequencies is below the declared limit and
• The angle difference between the voltages on both sides of the circuit breaker is
within the declared limit.
The function processes both automatic reclosing and manual close commands.
The limits for automatic reclosing and manual close commands can be set independently of
each other.
The function compares the voltage of the line and the voltage of one of the bar sections (Bus1
or Bus2). The bus selection is made automatically based on a binary input signal defined by
the user applying the graphic equation editor.
As to voltages: any phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase voltage can be selected.
The function processes the signals of the voltage transformer supervision function and
enables the close command only in case of plausible voltages.
There are three modes of operation:

• Energizing check:
o Dead bus, live line,
o Live bus, dead line,
o Any Energizing Case (including Dead bus, dead line).
• Synchro check (Live line, live bus)
• Synchro switch (Live line, live bus)
If the conditions for “Energizing check” or “Synchro check” are fulfilled, then the function
generates the release command, and in case of a manual or automatic close request, the
close command is generated.
If the conditions for energizing or synchronous operation are not met when the close request
is received, then synchronous switching is attempted within the set time-out. In this case, the
rotating vectors must fulfill the conditions for safe switching within the declared waiting time:
at the moment the contacts of the circuit breaker are closed, the voltage vectors must match
each other with appropriate accuracy. For this mode of operation, the expected operating time
of the circuit breaker must be set as a parameter value, to generate the close command in
advance taking the relative vector rotation speed into consideration.
The started checking procedure can be interrupted by a cancel command defined by the user
in the graphic equation editor.
In “bypass” operation mode, the function generates the release signals and simply transmits
the close command.
The function can be started by the switching request signals initiated both the automatic
reclosing and the manual closing. The binary input signals are defined by the user, applying
the graphic equation editor.
Blocking signal of the function are defined by the user, applying the graphic equation editor.
Blocking signal of the voltage transformer supervision function for all voltage sources are
defined by the user, applying the graphic equation editor.
Signal to interrupt (cancel) the automatic or the manual switching procedure are defined by
the user, applying the graphic equation editor.
Technical data
Function Effective range Accuracy in the effective range
Rated Voltage Un 100/200V, parameter setting
Frequency 47.5 – 52.5 Hz ±10 mHz
Phase angle ±3 °
Operate time Setting value ±3 ms
Reset time <50 ms
Reset ratio 0.95 Un
Table 141 Technical data of the synchro check / synchro switch function
Parameters
Selection of the processed voltage
SYN25_VoltSel_EPar_ Voltage Select L1-N,L2-N,L3-N,L1-L2,L2-L3,L3-L1 L1-N
Operation mode for automatic switching
SYN25_OperA_EPar_ Operation Auto Off, On, ByPass On
Enabling/disabling automatic synchro switching
SYN25_SwOperA_EPar_ SynSW Auto Off, On On
Energizing mode for automatic switching
Off, DeadBus LiveLine, LiveBus DeadBus
SYN25_EnOperA_EPar_ Energizing Auto
DeadLine, Any energ case LiveLine
Operation mode for manual switching
SYN25_OperM_EPar_ Operation Man Off, On, ByPass On
Enabling/disabling manual synchro switching
SYN25_SwOperM_EPar SynSW Man Off, On On
_
Energizing mode for manual switching
Off,DeadBus LiveLine, LiveBus DeadBus
SYN25_EnOperM_EPar_ Energizing Man
DeadLine, Any energ case LiveLine
Table 142 The enumerated parameters of the synchro check / synchro switch function
Integer parameters
Voltage limit for “live line” detection
SYN25_LiveU_IPar_ U Live % 60 110 1 70
Voltage limit for “dead line” detection
SYN25_DeadU_IPar_ U Dead % 10 60 1 30
Voltage difference for automatic synchro checking mode
Udiff SynCheck
SYN25_ChkUdA_IPar_ % 5 30 1 10
Auto
Voltage difference for automatic synchro switching mode
SYN25_SwUdA_IPar_ Udiff SynSW Auto % 5 30 1 10
Phase difference for automatic switching
MaxPhaseDiff
SYN25_MaxPhDiffA_IPar_ deg 5 80 1 20
Auto
Voltage difference for manual synchro checking mode
Udiff SynCheck
SYN25_ChkUdM_IPar_ % 5 30 1 10
Man
Voltage difference for manual synchro switching mode
SYN25_SwUdM_IPar_ Udiff SynSW Man % 5 30 1 10
Phase difference for manual switching
MaxPhaseDiff
SYN25_MaxPhDiffM_IPar_ deg 5 80 1 20
Man
Table 143 The integer parameters of the synchro check / synchro switch function

Frequency difference for automatic synchro checking mode
FrDiff SynCheck
SYN25_ChkFrDA_FPar_ Hz 0.02 0.5 0.02
Auto
Frequency difference for automatic synchro switching mode
SYN25_SwFrDA_FPar_ FrDiff SynSW Auto Hz 0.10 1.00 0.2
Frequency difference for manual synchro checking mode
FrDiff SynCheck
SYN25_ChkFrDM_FPar_ Hz 0.02 0.5 0.02
Man
Frequency difference for manual synchro switching mode
SYN25_SwFrDM_FPar_ FrDiff SynSW Man Hz 0.10 1.00 0.2
Table 144 The floating point parameters of the synchro check / synchro switch
function
Timer parameters
Breaker operating time at closing
SYN25_CBTrav_TPar_ Breaker Time msec 0 500 1 80
Impulse duration for close command
SYN25_SwPu_TPar_ Close Pulse msec 10 60000 1 1000
Maximum allowed switching time
SYN25_MaxSw_TPar_ Max Switch Time msec 100 60000 1 2000
Table 145 The timer parameters of the synchro check / synchro switch function
1.2.3 Measuring functions

The measured values can be checked on the touch-screen of the device in the “On-line
functions” page, or using an Internet browser of a connected computer. The displayed values
are secondary voltages and currents, except the block “Line measurement”. This specific
block displays the measured values in primary units, using VT and CT primary value settings.
Analog value Explanation

VT4 module
Voltage Ch – U1 RMS value of the Fourier fundamental harmonic voltage component in
phase L1
Angle Ch – U1 Phase angle of the Fourier fundamental harmonic voltage component
in phase L1*
phase L2
in phase L2*
phase L3
in phase L3*
Channel U4
in Channel U4*
CT4 module
Current Ch - I1 RMS value of the Fourier fundamental harmonic current component in
phase L1
Angle Ch - I1 Phase angle of the Fourier fundamental harmonic current component
in phase L1*
phase L2
in phase L2*
phase L3
in phase L3*
Channel I4
in Channel I4*
Distance protection function (DIS21_HV)
Fault location Measured distance to fault
Fault react. Measured reactance in the fault loop
L1N loop R Resistive component value of impedance in L1-N loop
L1N loop X Reactive component value of impedance in L1-N loop
L12 loop R Resistive component value of impedance in L12 loop
L12 loop X Reactive component value of impedance in L12 loop
Synchrocheck function (SYN25)

Voltage Diff Voltage different value
Frequency Diff Frequency different value
Angle Diff Angle different value
Line measurement (MXU_L) (here the displayed information means primary value)
Active Power – P Three-phase active power
Reactive Power – Q Three-phase reactive power
Apparent Power – S Three-phase power based on true RMS voltage and current
measurement
Current L1 True RMS value of the current in phase L1
Voltage L1 True RMS value of the voltage in phase L1
Voltage L12 True RMS value of the voltage between phases L1 L2
Frequency Frequency
Metering (MTR)
Forward MWh Forward MWh
Backward MWh Backward MWh
Forward MVArh Forward MVArh
Backward MVArh Backward MVArh
Line thermal protection (TTR49L)
Calc. Temperature Calculated line temperature
* The reference angle is the phase angle of “Voltage Ch - U1”
Table 146 Measured analog values
1.2.3.1 Current input function (CT4)
If the factory configuration includes a current transformer hardware module, the current input
function block is automatically configured among the software function blocks. Separate
current input function blocks are assigned to each current transformer hardware module.
A current transformer hardware module is equipped with four special intermediate current
transformers. (See Chapter 5 of the EuroProt+ hardware description document.) As usual, the
first three current inputs receive the three phase currents (IL1, IL2, IL3), the fourth input is
reserved for zero sequence current, for the zero sequence current of the parallel line or for
any additional current. Accordingly, the first three inputs have common parameters while the
fourth current input needs individual setting.
The role of the current input function block is to

• set the required parameters associated to the current inputs,
• deliver the sampled current values for disturbance recording,
• perform the basic calculations
o Fourier basic harmonic magnitude and angle,
o True RMS value;
• provide the pre-calculated current values to the subsequent software modules,
• deliver the basic calculated values for on-line displaying.
Operation of the current input algorithm
The current input function block receives the sampled current values from the internal
operating system. The scaling (even hardware scaling) depends on parameter setting. See
parameters CT4_Ch13Nom_EPar_ (Rated Secondary I1-3) and CT4_Ch4Nom_EPar_ (Rated
Secondary I4). The options to choose from are 1A or 5A (in special applications, 0.2A or 1A).
This parameter influences the internal number format and, naturally, accuracy. (A small
current is processed with finer resolution if 1A is selected.)
If needed, the phase currents can be inverted by setting the parameter CT4_Ch13Dir_EPar_
(Starpoint I1-3). This selection applies to each of the channels IL1, IL2 and IL3. The fourth
current channel can be inverted by setting the parameter CT4_Ch4Dir_EPar (Direction I4).
This inversion may be needed in protection functions such as distance protection, differential
protection or for any functions with directional decision.
These sampled values are available for further processing and for disturbance recording.
The performed basic calculation results the Fourier basic harmonic magnitude and angle and
the true RMS value. These results are processed by subsequent protection function blocks
and they are available for on-line displaying as well.
The function block also provides parameters for setting the primary rated currents of the main
current transformer. This function block does not need that parameter setting. These values
are passed on to function blocks such as displaying primary measured values, primary power
calculation, etc.
Technical data
Current accuracy 20 – 2000% of In ±1% of In
Table 147 Technical data of the current input
Parameters
Rated secondary current of the first three input channels. 1A or 5A is selected by parameter
setting, no hardware modification is needed.
CT4_Ch13Nom_EPar_ Rated Secondary I1-3 1A,5A 1A
Rated secondary current of the fourth input channel. 1A or 5A is selected by parameter setting,
no hardware modification is needed.
1A,5A
CT4_Ch4Nom_EPar_ Rated Secondary I4 1A
(0.2A or 1A)
Definition of the positive direction of the first three currents, given by location of the secondary
star connection point
CT4_Ch13Dir_EPar_ Starpoint I1-3 Line,Bus Line
Definition of the positive direction of the fourth current, given as normal or inverted
CT4_Ch4Dir_EPar_ Direction I4 Normal,Inverted Normal
Table 148 The enumerated parameters of the current input function

Rated primary current of channel1
CT4_PriI1_FPar_ Rated Primary I1 A 100 4000 1000
CT4_PriI2_FPar Rated Primary I2 A 100 4000 1000
Table 149 The floating point parameters of the current input function
NOTE: The rated primary current of the channels is not needed for the current input function
block itself. These values are passed on to the subsequent function blocks.
The measured values of the current input function block.

Current Ch - I1 A(secondary) Fourier basic component of the current in channel IL1
Angle Ch - I1 degree Vector position of the current in channel IL1
Current Ch – I2 A(secondary) Fourier basic component of the current in channel IL2
Angle Ch – I2 degree Vector position of the current in channel IL2
Current Ch – I3 A(secondary) Fourier basic component of the current in channel IL3
Angle Ch – I3 degree Vector position of the current in channel IL3
Current Ch – I4 A(secondary) Fourier basic component of the current in channel I4
Angle Ch – I4 degree Vector position of the current in channel I4
Table 150 The measured analogue values of the current input function
NOTE1: The scaling of the Fourier basic component is such that if pure sinusoid 1A RMS of
the rated frequency is injected, the displayed value is 1A. (The displayed value does not
depend on the parameter setting values “Rated Secondary”.)
NOTE2: The reference of the vector position depends on the device configuration. If a
voltage input module is included, then the reference vector (vector with angle 0 degree) is the
vector calculated for the first voltage input channel of the first applied voltage input module. If
no voltage input module is configured, then the reference vector (vector with angle 0 degree)
is the vector calculated for the first current input channel of the first applied current input
module.
Figure 10 shows an example of how the calculated Fourier components are displayed in the
on-line block. (See the document “EuroProt+ Remote user interface description”.)
Figure 10 Example: On-line displayed values for the current input module
1.2.3.2 Voltage input function (VT4)

If the factory configuration includes a voltage transformer hardware module, the voltage input
function block is automatically configured among the software function blocks. Separate
voltage input function blocks are assigned to each voltage transformer hardware module.
A voltage transformer hardware module is equipped with four special intermediate voltage
transformers. (See Chapter 6 of the EuroProt+ hardware description document.) As usual, the
first three voltage inputs receive the three phase voltages (UL1, UL2, UL3), the fourth input is
reserved for zero sequence voltage or for a voltage from the other side of the circuit breaker
for synchron switching. All inputs have a common parameter for type selection: 100V or 200V.
Additionally, there is a correction factor available if the rated secondary voltage of the main
voltage transformer (e.g. 110V) does not match the rated input of the device.
The role of the voltage input function block is to

• set the required parameters associated to the voltage inputs,
• deliver the sampled voltage values for disturbance recording,
• perform the basic calculations
o Fourier basic harmonic magnitude and angle,
o True RMS value;
• provide the pre-calculated voltage values to the subsequent software modules,
• deliver the basic calculated values for on-line displaying.
Operation of the voltage input algorithm

The voltage input function block receives the sampled voltage values from the internal
operating system. The scaling (even hardware scaling) depends on parameter setting. See
the parameter VT4_Type_EPar_ (Range). The options to choose from are 100V or 200V.
This parameter influences the internal number format and, naturally, accuracy. (A small
voltage is processed with finer resolution if 100V is selected.)
The connection of the first three VT secondary winding must be set to reflect actual physical
connection. The associated parameter is VT4_Ch13Nom_EPar_ (Connection U1-3). The
selection can be: Ph-N, Ph-Ph or Ph-N-Isolated.
The Ph-N option is applied in solidly grounded networks, where the measured phase voltage
is never above 1.5-Un. In this case the primary rated voltage of the VT must be the value of
the rated PHASE-TO-NEUTRAL voltage.
The Ph-N option is applied in compensated or isolated networks, where the measured phase
voltage can be above 1.5-Un even in normal operation. In this case the primary rated voltage
of the VT must be the value of the rated PHASE-TO-PHASE voltage.
If phase-to-phase voltage is connected to the VT input of the device, then the Ph-Ph option is
to be selected. Here, the primary rated voltage of the VT must be the value of the rated
PHASE-TO-PHASE voltage. This option must not be selected if the distance protection
function is supplied from the VT input.
The fourth input is reserved for zero sequence voltage or for a voltage from the other side of
the circuit breaker for synchron switching. Accordingly, the connected voltage must be
identified with parameter setting VT4_Ch4Nom_EPar_ (Connection U4). Here, phase-to-
neutral or phase-to-phase voltage can be selected: Ph-N,Ph-Ph
If needed, the phase voltages can be inverted by setting the parameter VT4_Ch13Dir_EPar_
(Direction U1-3). This selection applies to each of the channels UL1, UL2 and UL3. The fourth
voltage channel can be inverted by setting the parameter VT4_Ch4Dir_EPar_ (Direction U4).
This inversion may be needed in protection functions such as distance protection, differential
protection or for any functions with directional decision, or for checking the voltage vector
positions.
Additionally, there is a correction factor available if the rated secondary voltage of the main
voltage transformer (e.g. 110V) does not match the rated input of the device. The related
parameter is VT4_CorrFact_IPar_ (VT correction). As an example: if the rated secondary
voltage of the main voltage transformer is 110V, then select Type 100 for the parameter
“Range” and the required value to set here is 110%.
These sampled values are available for further processing and for disturbance recording.
The performed basic calculation results the Fourier basic harmonic magnitude and angle and
the true RMS value of the voltages. These results are processed by subsequent protection
function blocks and they are available for on-line displaying as well.
The function block also provides parameters for setting the primary rated voltages of the main
voltage transformer. This function block does not need that parameter setting. These values
are passed on to function blocks such as displaying primary measured values, primary power
calculation, etc. Concerning the rated voltage, see the instructions related to the parameter
for the connection of the first three VT secondary winding.
Parameters
Rated secondary voltage of the input channels. 100 V or 200V is selected by parameter
setting, no hardware modification is needed.
VT4_Type_EPar_ Range Type 100,Type 200 Type 100
Connection of the first three voltage inputs (main VT secondary)
Ph-N, Ph-Ph,
VT4_Ch13Nom_EPar_ Connection U1-3 Ph-N
Ph-N-Isolated
Selection of the fourth channel input: phase-to-neutral or phase-to-phase voltage
VT4_Ch4Nom_EPar_ Connection U4 Ph-N,Ph-Ph Ph-Ph
Definition of the positive direction of the first three input channels, given as normal or inverted
VT4_Ch13Dir_EPar_ Direction U1-3 Normal,Inverted Normal
Definition of the positive direction of the fourth voltage, given as normal or inverted
VT4_Ch4Dir_EPar_ Direction U4 Normal,Inverted Normal
Table 151 The enumerated parameters of the voltage input function
Integer parameter
Voltage correction
VT4_CorrFact_IPar_ VT correction % 100 115 1 100
Table 152 The integer parameter of the voltage input function

Rated primary voltage of channel1
VT4_PriU1_FPar Rated Primary U1 kV 1 1000 100
Table 153 The floating point parameters of the voltage input function
NOTE: The rated primary voltage of the channels is not needed for the voltage input function
block itself. These values are passed on to the subsequent function blocks.

Voltage accuracy 30% … 130% < 0,.5 %
Table 154 Technical data of the voltage input
Measured values
Voltage Ch - U1 V(secondary) Fourier basic component of the voltage in channel UL1
Angle Ch - U1 degree Vector position of the voltage in channel UL1
Voltage Ch – U2 V(secondary) Fourier basic component of the voltage in channel UL2
Angle Ch – U2 degree Vector position of the voltage in channel UL2
Voltage Ch – U3 V(secondary) Fourier basic component of the voltage in channel UL3
Angle Ch – U3 degree Vector position of the voltage in channel UL3
Voltage Ch – U4 V(secondary) Fourier basic component of the voltage in channel U4
Angle Ch – U4 degree Vector position of the voltage in channel U4
Table 155 The measured analogue values of the voltage input function
NOTE1: The scaling of the Fourier basic component is such if pure sinusoid 57V RMS of the
rated frequency is injected, the displayed value is 57V. (The displayed value does not depend
on the parameter setting values “Rated Secondary”.)
NOTE2: The reference vector (vector with angle 0 degree) is the vector calculated for the first
voltage input channel of the first applied voltage input module.
The figure below shows an example of how the calculated Fourier components are displayed
in the on-line block. (See the document EuroProt+ “Remote user interface description”.)
Figure 11 Example: On-line displayed values for the voltage input module
1.2.3.3 Line measurement function (MXU)
The measurement
The input values of the EuroProt+ devices are the secondary signals of the voltage
transformers and those of the current transformers.
These signals are pre-processed by the “Voltage transformer input” function block and by the
“Current transformer input” function block. These function blocks are described in separate
documents. The pre-processed values include the Fourier basic harmonic phasors of the
voltages and currents and the true RMS values. Additionally, it is in these function blocks that
parameters are set concerning the voltage ratio of the primary voltage transformers and
current ratio of the current transformers.
Based on the pre-processed values and the measured transformer parameters, the “Line
measurement” function block calculates - depending on the hardware and software
configuration - the primary RMS values of the voltages and currents and some additional
values such as active and reactive power, symmetrical components of voltages and currents.
These values are available as primary quantities and they can be displayed on the on-line
screen of the device or on the remote user interface of the computers connected to the
communication network and they are available for the SCADA system using the configured
communication system.
Reporting the measured values and the changes

It is usual for the SCADA systems that they sample the measured and calculated values in
regular time periods and additionally they receive the changed values as reports at the
moment when any significant change is detected in the primary system. The “Line
measurement” function block is able to perform such reporting for the SCADA system.
Operation of the line measurement function block

The inputs of the line measurement function are
• the Fourier components and true RMS values of the measured voltages and currents,
• frequency measurement,
• parameters.
The outputs of the line measurement function are

• displayed measured values,
• reports to the SCADA system.
NOTE: the scaling values are entered as parameter setting for the “Voltage transformer input”
function block and for the “Current transformer input” function block.
The measured values
The measured values of the line measurement function depend on the hardware
configuration. As an example, Table 156 shows the list of the measured values available in a
configuration for solidly grounded networks.
Measured value Explanation

MXU_P_OLM_ Active Power – P (Fourier base harmonic value)
MXU_Q_OLM_ Reactive Power – Q (Fourier base harmonic value)
MXU_S_OLM_ Apparent Power – S (Fourier base harmonic value)
MXU_I1_OLM_ Current L1
MXU_U1_OLM_ Voltage L1
MXU_f_OLM_ Frequency
Table 156 Example: Measured values in a configuration for solidly grounded
networks
Another example is Figure 12, where the measured values available are shown as on-line
information in a configuration for compensated networks.
Figure 12 Example: Measured values in a configuration for compensated networks

The available quantities are described in the configuration description documents.
Reporting the measured values and the changes
For reporting, additional information is needed, which is defined in parameter setting.

As an example, in a configuration for solidly grounded networks the following parameters are
available:
Selection of the reporting mode for active power measurement
Off, Amplitude,
MXU_PRepMode_EPar_ Operation ActivePower Amplitude
Integrated
Selection of the reporting mode for reactive power measurement
Off, Amplitude,
MXU_QRepMode_EPar_ Operation ActivePower Amplitude
Integrated
Selection of the reporting mode for apparent power measurement
Off, Amplitude,
MXU_SRepMode_EPar_ Operation ApparPower Amplitude
Integrated
Selection of the reporting mode for current measurement
Off, Amplitude,
MXU_IRepMode_EPar_ Operation Current Amplitude
Integrated
Selection of the reporting mode for voltage measurement
Off, Amplitude,
MXU_URepMode_EPar_ Operation Voltage Amplitude
Integrated
Selection of the reporting mode for frequency measurement
Off, Amplitude,
MXU_fRepMode_EPar_ Operation Frequency Amplitude
Integrated
Table 157 The enumerated parameters of the line measurement function
The selection of the reporting mode items is explained in Figure 13 and in Figure 14.
“Amplitude” mode of reporting
If the “Amplitude” mode is selected for reporting, a report is generated if the measured value
leaves the deadband around the previously reported value. As an example, Figure 13 shows
that the current becomes higher than the value reported in “report1” PLUS the Deadband
value, this results “report2”, etc.
For this mode of operation, the Deadband parameters are explained in Table 158.
The “Range” parameters in Table 158 are needed to evaluate a measurement as “out-of-
range”.

Parameter name Title Dim. Min Max Step Default
Deadband value for the active power
MXU_PDeadB_FPar_ Deadband value - P MW 0.1 100000 0.01 10
Range value for the active power
MXU_PRange_FPar_ Range value - P MW 1 100000 0.01 500
Deadband value for the reactive power
Deadband value -
MXU_QDeadB_FPar_ MVAr 0.1 100000 0.01 10
Q
Range value for the reactive power
MXU_QRange_FPar_ Range value - Q MVAr 1 100000 0.01 500
Deadband value for the apparent power
MXU_SDeadB_FPar_ Deadband value - S MVA 0.1 100000 0.01 10
Range value for the apparent power
MXU_SRange_FPar_ Range value - S MVA 1 100000 0.01 500
Deadband value for the current
MXU_IDeadB_FPar_ Deadband value - I A 1 2000 1 10
Range value for the current
MXU_IRange_FPar_ Range value - I A 1 5000 1 500
Deadband value for the phase-to-neutral voltage
MXU_UPhDeadB_ Deadband value –
kV 0.1 100 0.01 1
FPar_ U ph-N
Range value for the phase-to-neutral voltage
MXU_UPhRange_ Range value –
kV 1 1000 0.1 231
FPar_ U ph-N
Deadband value for the phase-to-phase voltage
MXU_UPPDeadB_ Deadband value –
kV 0.1 100 0.01 1
FPar_ U ph-ph
Range value for the phase-to-phase voltage
MXU_UPPRange_ Range value –
kV 1 1000 0.1 400
FPar_ U ph-ph
Deadband value for the current
MXU_fDeadB_FPar_ Deadband value - f Hz 0.01 1 0.01 0.02
Range value for the current
MXU_fRange_FPar_ Range value - f Hz 0.05 10 0.01 5
Table 158 The floating-point parameters of the line measurement function
Amplitude
Deadband(pl.A)
Value
report1 report2 report3
Figure 13 Reporting if “Amplitude” mode is selected
“Integral” mode of reporting

If the “Integrated” mode is selected for reporting, a report is generated if the time integral of
the measured value since the last report gets becomes larger, in the positive or negative
direction, then the (deadband*1sec) area. As an example, Figure 14 shows that the integral of
the current in time becomes higher than the Deadband value multiplied by 1sec, this results
“report2”, etc.
Integrated
Deadband(pl.A sec)
Value
- +
report1 report2 report3 report4
Figure 14 Reporting if “Integrated” mode is selected
Periodic reporting
Periodic reporting is generated independently of the changes of the measured values when
the defined time period elapses. The required parameter setting is shown in Table 159.
Integer parameters
Reporting time period for the active power
MXU_PIntPer_IPar_ Report period P sec 0 3600 1 0
Reporting time period for the reactive power
MXU_QIntPer_IPar_ Report period Q sec 0 3600 1 0
Reporting time period for the apparent power
MXU_SIntPer_IPar_ Report period S sec 0 3600 1 0
Reporting time period for the voltage
MXU_UIntPer_IPar_ Report period U sec 0 3600 1 0
Reporting time period for the current
MXU_IIntPer_IPar_ Report period I sec 0 3600 1 0
Reporting time period for the frequency
MXU_fIntPer_IPar_ Report period f sec 0 3600 1 0
Table 159 The integer parameters of the line measurement function
If the reporting time period is set to 0, then no periodic reporting is performed for this quantity.
All reports can be disabled for a quantity if the reporting mode is set to “Off”. See Table 157.
Technical data
Current accuracy
0,2 In – 0,5 In ±2%, ±1 digit
with CT/5151 or CT/5102 modules
0,5 In – 20 In ±1%, ±1 digit
with CT/1500 module 0,03 In – 2 In ±0,5%, ±1 digit
Voltage accuracy 5 – 150% of Un ±0.5% of Un, ±1 digit
Power accuracy I>5% In ±3%, ±1 digit
U>3.5%Un
Frequency accuracy 2mHz
45Hz – 55Hz
Table 160 Technical data of line measurement
1.2.3.4 Phasor measurement unit (PMU)

The PMU function supports the IEEE C37.118-1 and -2 standards. It can report the three
phase voltage phasors, the three phase current phasors, the positive and the negative
sequence voltage and current phasors in both rectangular and polar format. The measured
frequency and rate of change of frequency values are also reported. Standard trigger signals
are freely configurable by the EuroCAP software.
The functionblock is synchronized by the IRIG-B signal connected to the TSYNC time
synchron module. The performance class (P or M) of the PMU function is user selectable by
parameter and can keep better TVE value than 1%.
The frame rate of the reporting can be set with the „Frame rate” parameter to 10, 25 or 50
frame/sec at 50Hz nominal frequency and 12, 30, 60 frame/sec at 60Hz nominal frequency.
The configuration and command frames are transmitted over TCP protocol while the data
frames over UDP protocol. The reporting can be spontanauous or controlled by TCP
command frames. In both mode spontanauos CFG-2 frames are sent in every minute over
UDP protocol. CFG-3 frame is not supported. Maximum 5 interrogation center’s addresses
and port numbers can be preprogrammed, but only one can be connected at a time.
Each phase voltage and phase current input has an amplitude and phase correction
parameter. The errors of the primary instrument transformers can be compensated by these
correction factors. The internal measuring transformers are factory calibrated.
In addition to the standard binary and analogue signals up to 8 user defined binary signals
can be configured and reported to the interrogation centers.
Protecta relay has “holdover” capability which allows the clock to maintain accurate time over
a period of time when it is not receiving valid IRIG-B time source. During periods of lost IRIG-
B timesource signal, the Protecta deivces use their own internal reference clock, which
maintains the required timing accuracy for approximately 30 seconds.
Parameters
Title Dim Range Step Default Explanation
Parameters of the reporting
Off: Stream
switched off,
Spontanaeous TX:
Stream switched on
Off, and directed to the
Reporting Spontanaeous first interrogation
– – Off
Mode TX, TCP/UDP center
method TCP/UDP method:
Stream switched on
by the connected
interrogation center
Reporting Rectangular,
– – Rectangular Phasor format
Format Polar
Data type of the
Data type – Integer, Float – Integer
reported values
Frame rate of the
10 (12) fps,
reporting in case of
Frame rate fps 25 (30) fps, – 10 (12) fps
50 Hz (60 Hz)
50 (60) fps
system frequency.
Performance Selected standard
– P class, M class – P class
class performance class
Stream ID – 1 – 65534 1 1 Stream ID
TCP Command Port

TCP port number
TCP
for the command
Command – 1024 – 65534 1 4712
and configuration
Port
frames
Adresses of the 1..5 interrogation centers
– IP address if
IP Address 0.0.0.0-
1 0.0.0.0 interrogation center
1 255.255.255.255
1
– UDP Port number
UDP Port 1 1024 – 65534 1 4713 with interrogation
center 1
– IP address if
IP Address 0.0.0.0-
2 255.255.255.255
2
– UDP Port number
center 2
– IP address if
IP Address 0.0.0.0-
3 255.255.255.255
3
– UDP Port number
center 3
– IP address if
IP Address 0.0.0.0-
4 255.255.255.255
4
– UDP Port number
center 4
– IP address if
IP Address 0.0.0.0-
5 255.255.255.255
5
– UDP Port number
center 5
Amplitude and phase correction parameters
– Ampitude
Amplitude
correction of the
Correction 0.7 – 1.3 0.001 1
external voltage
U4
transformer U4
Phase Phase correction of
Correction deg -120 – 120 0.1 0 the external voltage
U4 transformer U4
Ampitude
Amplitude
correction of the
Correction – 0.7 – 1.3 0.001 1
external voltage
U8
transformer U8
U8 transformer U8
Ampitude
Amplitude
correction of the
Correction – 0.7 – 1.3 0.001 1
external voltage
U12
transformer U12
U12 transformer U12
Ampitude
Amplitude correction of the
– 0.7 – 1.3 0.001 1
Correction I4 external current
transformer I4
Phase correction of
Phase
deg -120 – 120 0.1 0 the external current
Correction I4
transformer I4
Ampitude
Amplitude correction of the
– 0.7 – 1.3 0.001 1
Correction I8 external current
transformer I8
Phase correction of
Phase
deg -120 – 120 0.1 0 the external current
Correction I8
transformer I8
Ampitude
Amplitude
correction of the
Correction – 0.7 – 1.3 0.001 1
external current
I12
transformer I12
Correction deg -120 – 120 0.1 0 the external current
I12 transformer I12
Table 161 The parameters of the Phasor measurement unit function
On-line data
Visible values on the on-line data page:
Signal title Dimension Explanation

IRIG-B000 time synchronisation signal is connected and
SignalValid -
valid
IRIG-B time synchronisation signal is connected and the
Time Locked -
system clock has sufficient accuracy
“Holdover” mode: IRIG-B time synchronisation signal is
HoldOver - not connected but the system clock still has sufficient
accuracy
UL1 kV Vector magnitude of the voltage in phase L1
UL1 angle deg Vector position of the voltage in phase L1
IL1 A Vector magnitude of the current in phase L1
IL1 angle deg Vector position of the current in phase L1
Frequency Hz Frequency
ROCOF Hz/sec Rate of change of frequency
Time source setting
The Protecta device provides Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) capabilities when connected
to an IRIG-B (IRIG-B000, unmodulated) time source via the dedicated TSYNC+0071
syncorization module.
The following settings must be applied so that the IRIG-B time synchronization mode will be
used.
Figure 15 IRIG-B setting
1.2.4 Disturbance recorder

The DV7036 configuration contains a disturbance recorder function. The details are described
in the document shown in Table 162.
Name Title Document

DRE Disturbance Rec Disturbance recorder function block
description
Table 162 Implemented disturbance recorder function

The recorded analog channels:
Recorded analog signal Explanation
V4 line Measured voltage of line in phase L1
V4 bus Measured voltage of bus in phase L1
I4 Measured current for protection purposes in phase L1
I4N Measured current of parallel line Io for protection purposes
Table 163 Disturbance recorder, recorded analog channels
The recorded binary channels:
Recorded binary signal Channel source signal
Trip TRC94_GenTr_GrI_ (General Trip)
Backup Trip BRF50_BuTr_GrI_ (Backup Trip)
OutOfStep Trip DIS21_OutTr_GrI_ (OutOfStep Trip)
PSD Detect DIS21_PSDDet_GrI_ (PSD Detect)
SOTF Trip DIS21_SOTFTr_GrI_ (SOTF Trip)
DIS Start L1 DIS21_GenStL1_GrI_ (GenStart L1)
Z1 Start DIS21_Z1St_GrI_ (Z1 Start)
Z1 Trip DIS21_Z1Tr_GrI_ (Z1 Trip)
Res Dir OC Start Low TOC67N_GenSt_GrI_1 (Start)
Res Dir OC Start High TOC67N_GenSt_GrI_2 (Start)
Undervoltage Start Low TUV27_GenSt_GrI_1 (General Start)
Unbalance Start VCB60_GenSt_GrI_ (General Start)
VT Failure VTS_Fail_GrI_ (VT Failure)
Release Aut SYN25_RelA_GrI_ (Release Auto)
Syn Command SYN25_SynSW_GrI_ (Syn Cmd Comm)
REC Blocked REC79_Blocked_GrI_ (Blocked)
REC Close REC79_Close_GrI_ (Close command)
Table 164 Disturbance recorder, recorded binary channels
Parameter for activation
DRE_Oper_EPar_ Operation Off, On Off
Table 165 The enumerated parameter of the disturbance recorder function
Timer parameters
Pre-fault time:
DRE_PreFault_TPar_ PreFault msec 100 1000 1 200
Post-fault time:
DRE_PostFault_TPar_ PostFault msec 100 1000 1 200
Overall-fault time limit:
DRE_MaxFault_TPar_ MaxFault msec 500 10000 1 1000
Table 166 The timer parameters of the disturbance recorder function
1.2.5 Event recorder
The events of the device and those of the protection functions are recorded with a time stamp
of 1 ms time resolution. This information with indication of the generating function can be
checked on the touch-screen of the device in the “Events” page, or using an Internet browser
of a connected computer.
Source Event Value

Common Mode of device N/A,on,blocked,test,test/blocked,off
Health of device N/A,Ok,Warning,Alarm
VT Supervision VT Failure off,on
Line Differential Trip L1 off,on
Trip L2 off,on
Trip L3 off,on
Trip off,on
CommFail1 off,on
CommFail2 off,on
5 zone HV Distance Z1 Start off,on

Z1 Trip off,on
Z1 FaultLoop N/A,L1-N,L2-N,L3-N,L1-L2,L2-L3,L3-L1,L1-L2-L3
Z2 Start off,on
Z2 Trip off,on
Z3 Start off,on
Z3 Trip off,on
Z4 Start off,on
Z4 Trip off,on
Z5 Start off,on
Z5 Trip off,on
SOTF condition off,on
SOTF Trip off,on
Start L1 off,on
Start L2 off,on
Start L3 off,on
Start Neut off,on
PSD Detect off,on
OutOfStep Trip off,on
Fault Loc. km float
Teleprotection Receive signal 1 off,on
Receive signal 2 off,on
Teleprot. Trip off,on
Send signal off,on
Carrier Failed off,on
Weak end Infeed Receive Echo Signal off,on
WEI Trip off,on
Send Echo Signal off,on
3ph DT Overcurr.50EMR1 Start L1 off,on
Start L2 off,on
Start L3 off,on
General Start off,on
General Trip off,on
3ph DT Overcurr.50EMR2 Start L1 off,on

Start L2 off,on
Start L3 off,on
General Trip off,on
Res Dir Overcurr.GAR1 Start off,on
Trip off,on
Res Dir Overcurr.GAR2 Start off,on
Trip off,on
Current Unbalance General Start off,on
General Trip off,on
Neg Seq Overcurrent General Start off,on
General Trip off,on
UnderVoltage Start L1 off,on
Start L2 off,on
Start L3 off,on
General Trip off,on
Synchrocheck Release Auto off,on
In progress Auto off,on
Close Auto off,on
Release Man off,on
In progress Man off,on
Close Man off,on
HV AutoReclosing Blocked off,on
Close Command off,on
Status Not Ready,Ready,In progress,Successful
Actual cycle Not Running,1.,2.,3.,4.
Final Trip off,on
Breaker Failure Retrip L1 off,on
Retrip L2 off,on
Retrip L3 off,on
Backup Trip off,on
PhSel. Trip Logic Trip L1 off,on
Trip L2 off,on
Trip L3 off,on
General Trip off,on
Circuit Breaker Status Intermediate,Off,On,Bad
Disconnector1 Status Intermediate,Off,On,Bad
Disconnector2 Status Intermediate,Off,On,Bad
GGIO16 Input01…Input16 off,on
Table 167 List of the possible events
1.2.6 TRIP contact assignment
The outputs of the “phase selective trip logic function” are connected directly to the contacts
of the trip module (TRIP+/2101 module in position “O”).
Connected to the contact
Binary status signal Title
TRIP+/2101 module in position “O”
TRC94_GenTr_GrI_ General Trip Trip
Table 168 The connected signals of the phase-selective trip logic function
To the inputs of the “phase-selective trip logic function” some signals are assigned during
factory configuration, some signals however depend on the programming by the user. The
conditions are defined by the user applying the graphic equation editor. The factory
defined inputs and the user defined inputs are in “OR” relationship.
Input Binary status signal Explanation
Trip command of the switch onto fault logic

DIS21_SOTFTr_GrI_ OR
OR Trip command of the instantaneous overcurrent
3Ph Trip IOC50_GenTr_GrI_ protection function
OR OR
IOC50N_GenTr_GrI_ Trip command of the residual instantaneous
overcurrent protection function
First zone trip command of the distance protection

function
DIS21_Z1Tr_GrI_
OR
OR
Second zone trip command of the distance protection
1Ph Trip DIS21_Z2Tr_GrI_
function
OR
OR
DIFF87L_GenTr_GrI_
Trip command of the line differential protection
function
First zone L1 trip command of the distance protection
function
DIS21_Z1StL1_GrI_
OR
OR
Second zone L1 trip command of the distance
Trip L1 DIS21_Z2StL1_GrI_
protection function
OR
OR
DIFF87L_TrL1_GrI_
L1 trip command of the line differential protection
function
function
DIS21_Z1StL2_GrI_
OR
OR
protection function
OR
OR
DIFF87L_TrL2_GrI_
function
function
DIS21_Z1StL3_GrI_
OR
OR
protection function
OR
OR
DIFF87L_TrL3_GrI_
function
Forcing three-phase trip even in case of single-phase
Fin3Ph n.a.
fault
Blocking the outputs of the phase-selective trip logic

Block n.a.
function
Table 169 The factory defined binary input signals of the trip logic function
The user defined signals are listed in Table 170.

Input Binary status signal Explanation
1ph Trip TRC94_Tr1ph_GrO_ Request for single-phase trip command
3ph Trip TRC94_Tr3ph_GrO_ Request for three-phase trip command
Blocking the outputs of the phase-selective trip logic
Block TRC94_Blk_GrO_
function
Table 170 The user defined binary input signals of the trip logic function
1.3 LED assignment

On the front panel of the device there are “User LED”-s with the “Changeable LED description
label” (See the document “Quick start guide to the devices of the EuroProt+ product
line”). Some LED-s are factory assigned, some are free to be defined by the user.
No. LED title LED source signal static LED source signal flashing Color Rem.
1 General Trip TRC94_GenTr_GrI_ (General Trip) r 1
2 Z1 Trip DIS21_Z1Tr_GrI_ (Z1 Trip) r 1
7 Dis Start Dis_Start () y 1
8 AR Blocked REC79_Blocked_GrI_ (Blocked) r 0
9 EMR OC Trip OC_Trip (EMR OC Trip) r 1
10 (LED3110) r 1
11 Voltage Trip TUV27_Trip () r 1
12 (LED3112) r 1
13 (LED3113) r 0
14 AutoReclose REC79_Close_GrI_ (Close comma... y 1
15 (LED3115) r 1
16 (LED3116) r 1
Table 171 LED assignment
2 External connection

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DV7036 configuration description

Document ID: PP-13-21602

User’s manual version information

Version Date Modification Compiled by

1 Configuration description ..............................................................................................................4

2 External connection ................................................................................................................. 116

1.1.1 Protection functions

Protection functions IEC ANSI DV7036

Table 1 The protection functions of the DV7036 configuration

The configured functions are drawn symbolically in the Figure below.

Measured values: Recording features:

Figure 1 Implemented protection functions

1.1.2 Measurement functions

Measurement functions DV7036

Table 2 The measurement functions of the DV7036 configuration

Hardware configuration ANSI DV7036

Table 4 The basic hardware configuration of the DV7036 configuration

Figure 2 Basic module arrangement of the DV7036_2ends configuration (rear view)

Figure 3 Basic module arrangement of the DV7036_3ends configuration (rear view)

Figure 4 Recommended basic module arrangement of the DV7036_2ends configuration

Figure 5 Recommended basic module arrangement of the DV7036_2ends configuration

Figure 6 Recommended basic module arrangement of the DV7036_3ends configuration

1.1.5 The applied hardware modules

Module identifier Explanation

1.1.5.1 Connector allocation

1.1.5.2 Meeting the device

Figure 7 The 84 inch rack of EuroProt+ family

1.2 Software configuration

1.2.1.1 Three-phase instantaneous overcurrent protection function (IOC50)

1.2.1.2 Three-phase time overcurrent protection function (TOC51)

1.2.1.3 Three-phase directional overcurrent protection function (TOC67)

If the voltages are below 5% of the rated voltage then the

The three-phase non-directional delayed overcurrent function block (TOC51) is described in a

Parameter name Title Selection range Default

Table 16 The enumerated parameters of the three-phase directional overcurrent protection

Table 17 The integer parameters of the three-phase directional overcurrent protection

Table 19 The timer parameters of the three-phase directional overcurrent protection

1.2.1.4 Residual instantaneous overcurrent protection function (IOC50N)

1.2.1.5 Residual overcurrent protection function (TOC51N)

Float point parameter

Table 26 The float parameter of the residual overcurrent protection function

1.2.1.6 Residual directional overcurrent protection function (TOC67N)

The directional decision module calculates the

Operating accuracy < ±2 %

Short explanation of the enumerated parameter “Direction”

Parameter name Title Unit Min Step Step Default

1.2.1.7 Charging current compensation in line differential protection

The algorithm calculates the Fourier components of the charging currents.

The line differential protection function gets the compensated current.

Summary of the parameters

Parameter name Title Selection range Default

Parameter name Title Unit Min Max Step Default

Table 1-35 Float parameters of the charging current compensation function

1.2.1.8 Line differential protection function (DIF87L)

Parameter name Title Unit Min Max Step Default

DIFF87L_LocalRatio_FPar_ Local Ratio - 0.10 2.00 0.01 1.00

DIFF87L_RemoteRatio_FPar_, Remote Ratio - 0.10 2.00 0.01 1.00

Table 39 The float parameters of the line differential protection function

1.2.1.9 Distance protection function (DIS21)