KINEMATICS
KINEMATICS
KINEMATICS
TG: @Chalnaayaaar
10 1000 31. V = Vf − Vi
t2 = = 200 sec.
50
V = (−10jˆ − 10i)
ˆ m/s
Total distance
Avg. speed = V = (−10iˆ − 10j)
ˆ m/s
Total time
10000+10000 V = 10 2 m/s , in south-west direction
=
300
V = 14.14m / s , in south-west direction
= 66.66
≃ 66.7 m/s
32. V = 2V sin
26. Average speed 2
3V1 V2 V3 40
= V = 2V sin
V1 V2 + V2 V3 + V1 V3 2
3 V 2V 3V 18 V = 2V sin20°
= = V
2V 2 + 6V 2 + 3V 2 11 4jˆ + 3iˆ
33. Vavg = m/s
v t + v2t + v3t 10 + 5
27. v avg = 1
3t 4 3
Vavg = ˆj + ˆi m / s
v1 + v2 + v3 15 15
v avg =
3 1
Vavg = m/s
S 3
28. Average speed =
2S 3S 34. x = at2 – bt3
5 + 5 dx 2a
V1 V2 v= = 2at – 3bt2 = 0 t =
dt 3b
5 5V1 V2 35. x = asint
= =
2 3 3V1 + 2V2 dx dv
+
V1 V2 v= = acost a = = –asint
dt dt
4.5 + 7.5 dx
29. Average speed in last half = = 6 m/s 36. x = a + bt2, v = = 2bt
2 dt
2 10 6 dv
Average speed in total journey = a= = 2b = 2 × 3 cm/s2 = 6 cm/s2
10 + 6 dt
= 7.5 m/s 37. s = 3t3 + 7t2 + 14t + 8
x x
30. 2 2 ds
v= = 9t2 + 14t + 14
dt
A B t C t C dv
v0 v1 v2 a= = 18t + 14
dt
v1 + v2
for second half vavg = at t = 2 a = 50 m/s2
2
0 − 16
53. Acceleration a = = m/s2 a=
t 20 2 (180 − 16x)1/2
− ˆi + ˆj = – 8 m/s2
= (west-north)
2 59. a = 2s + 1
(v)dv
1 1 1 = 2s + 1
a = + = m/s2 (north-west) ds
4 4 2
v(dv) = (2s + 1)ds
54. a = 2t – 2 v s
0 0 v 2s2
2
= +s
2 2
V = t 2 − 2 t 0
5 5
0
v = 2s(s + 1)
V = 25 – 10 = 15 m/s
60. r = (t 2 − 4t + 6)iˆ + (t 2 )jˆ
55. V = (10 + 2t2) m/s
dr
V −V v= = (2t − 4)iˆ + (2t)jˆ
a avg = 2 1 dt
t2 − t1
dv
at t = 2 sec, v1 = 18 m/s a= = 2iˆ + 2jˆ
dt
at t = 5 sec, v2 = 60 m/s For v ⊥ a
60 − 18 v a = 0
aavg = = 14 m / s2
5−2 4t – 8 + 4t = 0
t = 1 sec.
56. V = (3t2 + 2) m/s
61. Rate of change of speed = component of
S = (t3 + 2t) m acceleration along velocity
at t = 0 S1 = 0 av
v ( )
= v̂
at t = 2 S2 = 12 m
S2 − S1 12 − 0
v avg = = =6 m/s 6 + 8 6iˆ + 8jˆ
t2 − t1 2 − 0 =
10 10
dx dx
57. v= x
dt
= x
x
= dt =
25
(
7 ˆ ˆ
3i + 4j )
x t 1
62. s = ut + at 2
Integrating,
x =0
x −1/2dx = dt
t =0
2
u=0
2 x = t x = t /2 1
s = at 2
Put this value of x in the original given eqn. 2
2s
v = x = ( .t /2) = 2t /2 t2 =
a
v t t s
( ) 1 1 1
2
(3)2 = 980 – 2(2)(S) = (40 + 20) × 2 + (20 × 1) + (20 × 1) – (40 × 1)
2 2 2
971 = 70 m
S= = 242.75 m
4 134. Let particle is moving along x-axis then, distance
So total height 1
242.75 + 50 ≃ 293 m travelled in first 4 sec. = (4 + 2) × 4 = 12 m
2
121. Velocity at the time when fuel is finished :-
distance travelled in next 4 sec. (along –x axis)
V = U + at = 0 + 20 × 30
V = 600 m/s 1
= (4 + 2) × 2 = 6 m
Now, the time taken by the rocket to reach at 2
max. height after this instant :- distance of particle from origin = 12 – 6 = 6 m
0 = 600 – 10 × t 1
4 10
t = 60 sec. distance in last 4 sec. 2
135. = 2 =
The total time taken by the rocket to reach at distance in 9 sec. 1 5
(8 + 2) 10
max. height = 30 + 60 = 90 sec. 2
& when a = 0 ; x = 10
u2
2 For projectile '1' angle of projection is small
Area = R 2max = so time of flight will be less.
g
2u2 sin cos 2u2 sin53 cos53
U sin2
2 207. R = =
201. R = g g
g
24u2
For 'Q' and 'S' range will be same (complementary R=
25g
angles)
For 'R' it will be maximum u2 sin2 u2 (sin53)2 16u2
H= = =
For 'P' it will be minimum 2g 2g 2 25g
202. For maximum height 8u2 R
H= =
u2 25g 3
∵ Hmax =
2g
208. R is same for two angles & 90 –
u2 u2 sin2 u2 sin2 (90 − )
(10) = h1 = ,h2 =
2g 2g 2g
U = 10 2 m/s u4 sin2 cos2
h1 h 2 =
For maximum range 4g 2
u2 (10 2)2 4u4 sin2 cos2
R max = = = 20 m R2 = h1h2 R2
g 10 g2
203. For maximum range
u2 sin 2 (usin37)2
u 2 209. h = h1 = 90 =
R max = 2g 2g
g
2
u2 3 u2
u 2
90 = = 250
100 = 2g 5 2g
g
2
For maximum height (usin53)2 u2 4 16
h2 = = = 250 = 160m
2g 2g 5 25
u2 100
Hmax = =
2g 2 210. For same range 1 + 2 = 90°
Hmax = 50 m
1 = rad = 30
6
u2 u2 x
y1 + y2 = (sin2 + cos2 ) = Comparing with y = x tan 1 −
2g 2g R
212. R = 4H R = 16m
4H 4
tan = = = 1 = 45
R 4 219. y
45°
213. R = 4 3H x=6m x1=3m
4 1 R=6+3=9m
tan = =
4 3 3 x 6
y = (x tan ) 1 − = 6 1 1 − = 2m
= 30° R 9
214. R = 2H 2usin
220. Time of flight T =
4 g
tan = =2
2 (2)(50)sin(30)
T= = 5 sec
= tan–1(2) 10
215. Given u2 sin2
Horizontal range R =
3 g
ux = (u)
2
(50)2 sin(60)
R= = 216.5 m
3 10
ucos = (u) = 30 & R = (P) H After 3 sec. the distance travelled is d = Ux × 3
2
u2 2sin( )(cos ) u2 sin2 = 50 cos (30°) (3) = 129.9m
= (P) So, remaining horizontal distance after wall is
g 2g
R – d = 216.5 – 129.9
4 = (P) tan()
≃ 86.6 m
4 4
P= = 221. Range 'R' = 2(90) = 180 m
tan tan(30)
R 180
4 So = =4
P= =4 3 H 45
1
4H 4
3 ∴ R = 4H, tan = = =1
R 4
216. Maximum range for a given velocity is
attained at = 45° = 45
2 = 5 3
g g
v sin2
2
gR
227. R= sin2 = 2u2 sin cos 4u2 sin 2
g v2 = 5 3
g g2
gR 1 gR
2 = sin −1 = sin
−1
1
v2 2 v2 tan =
3
228. R = const. u2 sin 2q = const.
u12 sin21 = u22 sin22 = 30°
1
u2 sin2 u2 sin60 3 234. E = mu2
sin21 = 2 2 2 = 2
= 2
u1 4 u 8
1 1 E
3 1 3 and E' = mu2 cos2 60 = E =
21 = sin −1 1 = sin −1 2 4 4
8 2 8 1
229. T1 = T2 235. Kinetic energy K = mu2
2
2U1 2U2 sin60 At highest point :
=
g g
u
v = ux = u cos60° =
U1 3 2
=
U2 2 2
1 u
K.E. = m
U2 sin2 2 2
230. H1 =
2g
11 K
U2[sin(90 − )]2 = mu2 =
H2 = 42 4
2g
2(122.5)
T= = 5 sec.
2h 9.8
x= u
g Range R = (ux) (T)
g 9.8 30
u=x = 6.2 = 3.1 m / s ux = =6 m/s
2h 2 19.6 5
T1 1 h=70 m
=
T2 1
1 2 1
249. ∵ h = uy(t) + gt by Sy = uy t + a y t 2
2 2
1 1
45 = 0 + (g) t2 h = −usin30t + gt 2
2 2
t = 3 sec. 1 1
70 = −50 t + 10t 2 t = 7 sec
1 2 2
250. x = ut, y = gt 2
2 256. Slope of displacement-time graph gives velocity
Displacement
g2t 4 A
Displacement = x 2 + y 2 = u2 t 2 + B
4
Slope of A & B is same
Y u
Time
251. vx
257. ∵ Both velocities are perpendicular
X
vy
vx = 98 3 m/s v rel = 4iˆ − 3jˆ
vy = 98 m/s
vy = uy + ayt v rel = 42 + 32 = 5 m /s
vy = 0 + 9.8 × 10 = 98 m/s N
258. v Train = viˆ
vy 98 1
tan = = = = 30 v Car = vjˆ W E
vx 98 3 3
Velocity of car relative to train
H
252. tan 45 = = 1 v rel = vjˆ − viˆ S
x
x = H = 78.4m (N)
vj
2H 2 78.4
time of flight t = = = 4 sec
g 9.8
(W)
x 78.4 –v i
u= = = 19.6 m/s
t 4 West-north direction
vy vx 20 259. aA = 8 m/s2 & aB = 4 m/s2
253. tan 30° = vy = = m/s
vx 3 3 aBA = aB – aA
20/3 2 = 4 – 8 = – 4m/s2
vy = 0 + gt t = = sec.
g 3 260. vrel = 80 + 65 = 145 km/hr
t=2s
96m s
x = 20 m from ground.
For cycle 96 + s = 20 × t
282. Total time taken by the first walnut to reach
1 2 1
for bus s = at = × 2 × t2 = t2 at ground :-
2 2
1 2
∴ 96 + t2 = 20 t t2 – 20t + 96 = 0 h= gt
2
(t – 8) (t – 12) = 0 t = 8 s or 12 s
1
cyclist over takes bus in 8 s 20 = × 10 × t2
2
Note : At t = 12s, bus overtakes cyclist.
t = 2 sec.
10 10
278. + = 2 v mr = 10 km / hr. time taken by it to cover a distance of 5 m :
v mr v mr
1 2
10 10 5= gt t = 1 sec.
t= + 2
v mr + v r v mr − v r So, For 2nd walnut :
10 10 10 10 8 1 2
= + = + = hr S = Ut + at
10 + 5 10 − 5 15 5 3 2
8 1
t = 60 = 160 min. 20 = U × 1 + × 10 × (1)2
3 2
279. The velocity upstream is (6 – 2) km/hr and U = 15 m/s
downstream is (6 + 2) km/hr. 283. Let the two bodies A and B respectively meet
2 2 6 3 H
Total time taken = + = = hr at a time t, at a height from the ground.
4 8 8 4 2
= 45 minutes B
H
280. Distance will remain the same as before 2
H
because acceleration of both the bodies is v0 H
same and initial velocity is zero. A 2
Ground
B
20m/ s 1 2
Using S = ut + at
2
80 – x
281. H
For a body A, u = v0, a = – g, S =
40m 2
H 1
x = v0t – gt2 … (i)
2 2
20m/ s
A H
For a body B, u = 0, a = +g, S =
2
2 2 g = 53°
v0 = gH 53° North of east
Alternate solution: - 288. v BW = v BG − v WG = 9iˆ + 12jˆ
UAB = UA – UB = v0 – 0 = v0
aAB = aA – aB = –g – (–g) = 0, SAB = H 289. Here,
S H r1(t) = 3t ˆi + 4t 2 ˆj
∴ t = AB = , for body B :- S = 1/2 gt2
U AB v 0
r2(t) = 4t 2 ˆi + 3t ˆj
2
H 1 H
= g 2 v 0 = gH Velocity,
2 2 v0
dr1 d
284. Effective acceleration in ascending lift = (g + a) v1 ( t ) = = (3t ˆi + 4t 2 ˆj ) = 3iˆ + 8t ˆj
dt dt
2h 2 19
t= = dr2 d
g+a 32 + 6 v2 ( t ) = = ( 4t 2 ˆi + 3t ˆj ) = 8tiˆ + 3jˆ
dt dt
2 19
t= = 1 sec The relative speed of particle 1 with respect
38
→ to particle 2 is : v12 = v1 − v2
vR
285. = (3iˆ + 8t ˆj ) − ( 8t ˆi + 3 ˆj ) = (3 − 8t ) iˆ + ( 8t − 3) ˆj
8 Km/ hr
10 Km/ hr At t = 2 s,
v RM = 32 + 32 = 4.2 m / s
tan = 1 ; = 45°
3ucos30 + ucos60 t = x
Angle with vertical
3 u x
30
tan = 3u + t = xt =
2 2 2u
20
Exercise-II (Previous Year Questions)
3
= tan−1 1. Displacement for one circular lap = 0 ;
2
Average velocity = 0
293. If man has horizontal velocity equal to Distance for one circular lap = 2(100);
horizontal component of rain velocity, then
2(100)
relative velocity in horizontal direction Average speed = =10 m/s
62.8
becomes zero, so rain will appear vertically.
2. x = 40 + 12 t – t3
294. v rm = v r − v m
dx
→ v= = 0 + 12 − 3t 2
vrm = −vjˆ − uiˆ vm=ui dt
v=–vj
u for v = 0 12 – 3t2 = 0
tan =
r
→
v u t2 = 4 t = 2 sec
u v xt = 0 = 40 m
= tan −1
v vrm xt = 2 S = 40 + 12 × 2 – (2)2 = 56
distance travelled = xt = 2 – xt = 0 = 56 – 40 = 16m
295. v res = v2P + v2r = 164 km/hr
2h1
vr t1 g h 16 4
3. = = 1 = =
5 m/ min t2 2h2 h2 25 5
296.
g
10
/m
R1 = R2
in
5 1 Total distance
sin = = 5. Average speed =
10 2 Time taken
d+d 2v u v d
= 30° = =
d d vu + vd
Angle with downstream = 90° + 30° = 120° +
vu vd
6.
t
When f = 0 means f0 1 − = 0 16. ( ) (
v = u + at = 3iˆ + 4jˆ + 0.4iˆ + 0.3jˆ (10) )
T
= 7iˆ + 7jˆ
t
1− =0 t=T So speed = v = 7 2 units
T
u u 1
f t f t2
T
17. VHmax = ucos = cos = = 60
T T 2 2 2
Now, v = fdt = f0 − 0 dt = f0 t − 0
0 0
T 2T 0 18. v = 2gh
f0T2 fT fT (30) + ( 40)
2 2
= f0T − − 0 = f0T − 0 = 0 v
2T 2 2 19. aav = = = 5 m/ s2
t 10
dv u2 (20)
2
7. x = 9t2 – t3 ∴ v = 18t – 3t2 = 18–6t 20. Maximum range Rmax = = = 40m
dt g 10
dv d2 v 21. Average speed
for maximum speed = 0, and 2 = negative
dt dt Total distance s 2v 1 v 2
= = =
so 18 – 6t = 0 t = 3s Time taken s/2 s / 2 v 1 + v 2
+
xt = 3s = 9(3)2 – (3)3 = 81 – 27 = 54 m v1 v2
y
a 4 10
8. Snth = u + ( 2n − 1) = 0 + (2 3 − 1) = m
2 3 2 3 22. u
H
9. ∵ Average velocity × time = distance 45° x
10 + 20 R/2
( t ) = 135 t = 9s u2 sin2 45
2
H 2g tan 45 1
ds tan = = 2 = =
10. Instantaneous velocity = = slope of s–t curve. R 2u sin45 cos45 2 2
dt 2 2g
11. P = 2mv sin 1
= tan −1
= 2 × mv × sin 45° 2
= 2 mv dx
23. v= = 0 + 12 − 3t 2 = 0 t = 2s
12. By galileo's law of odd number dt
S2 = 3S1 At t = 2s,
dv
13. Srel. = urel.t Retardation = − = − ( −6t ) = 12m / s2
dt
1000 = (v – 10) (100) v = 20 ms–1
2u2 sin cos u2 sin 2
1 dx 1 24. R = Hmax =
14. x= v= =− g 2g
t +5 ( t + 5)
2
dt
tan = 4 = tan (4)
–1
dv 2 25. ˆ ˆ
v = u + at = (2i + 3j) + (0.3iˆ + 0.2j)(10)
ˆ = 5iˆ + 5jˆ
Acceleration, a = = a (velocity)3/2
dt ( t + 5)3 Hence v = 5 2 units
1 1 26. P = mv = m 2gh P h
15. For I ball : h = gt 2 = 10 182 = 1620m
2 2 Pf − Pi h − h1
For II ball : (h = 1620m, u = v, t = 18 – 6 = 12s) 100% = 2 100
Pi h1
1 1
h = ut + gt 2 ; 1620 = 12v + 10 122 h 200
2 2 = 2 − 1 100 = − 1 100
h1 100
1620 = 12v + 720
12v = 900 v = 75 m/s = ( )
2 − 1 100 = 0.414 100 41%
2 2 v 2 − v1
& → direction of velocity of 2 w.r.t. 1
h2 h3 v 2 − v1
h1 = =
3 5 r1 − r2 v 2 − v1
so for collision of A & B =
28. vx will remain same while vy will reverse r1 − r2 v 2 − v1
so = vB = 2iˆ − 3jˆ ds
34. v = At + Bt 2 = At + Bt 2
u2 sin2 dt
29. As Range = so g u2 s 2
g
ds = (At + Bt )dt
2
2 0 1
3
Therefore gplanet = (9.8 m / s2 ) = 3.5 m / s2 A 2 2 B 3 3 3A 7B
5 s= (2 − 1 ) + (2 − 1 ) = +
2 3 2 3
r (13 − 2)iˆ + (14 − 3)jˆ 11 ˆ ˆ
30. v avg = = = (i + j) 35. xP(t) = at + bt2 xQ(t) = ft – t2
t 5−0 5
vP = a + 2bt vQ = f – 2t
dv as vP = vQ
31. v = x–2n so = – 2n x–2n–1
dx
f −a
a + 2bt = f – 2t t =
dv 2(1 + b)
Now a = v = (x–2n) (–2n x–2n–1)
dx
36. V1 → velocity of Preeti
a = –2n2 x–4n–1 V2 → velocity of escalator
10 km/ h A → distance
t1t 2
t= = =
100km
V1 + V2 + t1 + t2
32. 10 km/ h O
t1 t2
/h
45°
km
37. vx = 5 – 4t, vy = 10
B
2
ax = –4, ay = 0
10
a = a ˆi + a ˆj
=
A
x y
vB
R
44.
48. Velocity is slope of x–t graph
dx
V= = tan
dt
V1 tan 1 tan30o 1
v = = =
V2 tan 2 tan45 o
3
1
By using s = ut + at 2 a
2 49. Snth = u + (2n − 1)
2
1 a
1.5 = u (0.1) + (10) (0.1)2
2 =0+ (2n − 1)
2
15 = u + 0.5 S nth (2n − 1)
u = 14.5 ms–1
S1st, S2nd, S3rd, S4th
45. Sn = Distance in nth sec. i.e. t = n – 1 to t = n = [2(1) – 1] : [2(2) – 1] : [2(3) – 1] : [2(4) – 1]
Sn + 1 = Distance in (n + 1)th sec. =1:3:5:7
i.e. t = n to t = n + 1
[ 24 ] www.allendigital.in Digital
Kinematics (Motion in a Straight Line & Plane)
TG: @Chalnaayaaar
50. At highest point only horizontal component 2. vi = 3iˆ + 4jˆ |vi |= 5
of velocity remains ux = u cos
vf = 3iˆ + 4jˆ |vf |= 5
(A) | v|=|v f − v i | =|3iˆ + 4jˆ − 3iˆ + 4j|
ˆ
u u cos ˆ =8
= |8j|
(B) |v|=|vf | − |vi | =5 − 5 = 0
= 90° – 60° = 30° (C) v f − v i = 8jˆ
ux = u cos = 10cos30° (D) v f + v i = 6iˆ
−1
= 5 3ms
B
u sin (20) sin 30
2 2 2 2
51. H= =
2g 2(10)
t2
3.
= 5m
x h t1
u
C
52. A
u
from the figure, it is clear that time of flight is
(t1 + t2)
for maximum Ht :-
t t +t
time taken from B to C is 1 2
1 2
x = at 2 (if coefficients of t2 is positive (a > 0)
2 Applying 2nd eqn of motion from B to C
upward opening parabola) 2
1 t +t
Hmax =0+ g 1 2
Exercise-III (Analytical Questions) 2 2
1. ( V ) = (u cos ) î + ( usin ) ˆj
i for (u) Speed at A = Speed at C
Apply 1st eqn of motion between B & C
(Vf ) = (ucos )iˆ − (usin )jˆ
t +t
(Vtop ) = (ucos )iˆ u =0+ g 1 2
2
|Vi | = Initial speed = u 1 2
for (h) h = ut1 – gt 1
2
|Vf | = final speed = u
t +t 1
| Vtop | = speed at top = u cos (A) h = g 1 2 t 1 − gt 12
2 2
(B) V = Vf − Vi & |V|=|Vf | − |Vi |= 0 1
h = gt 1 t 2
| V|= (2usin )jˆ 2