Fourier Analysis MATH10051

Fourier Analysis
MATH10051
Friday 7th May 2021

1300-1500 † *
† All students: you have an additional 1 hour to assemble and submit your PDF.
Final submission deadline: 16:00.
*
Students with a Schedule of Adjustment for additional time in examinations:
You are entitled to a further fixed additional 1 hour for this remote examination.
Final submission deadline: 17:00
Attempt all questions
Important instructions
1. Start each question on a new sheet of paper.

2. Number your sheets of paper to help you scan them in order.
3. Only write on one side of each piece of paper.
4. If you have rough work to do, simply include it within your overall answer – put
brackets at the start and end of it if you want to highlight that it is rough work.
MATH10051 Fourier Analysis 1
(1) Let A = a + ib ∈ C with a 6= 0, and let f : T → C be the 1-periodic function whose

values for 0 ≤ x < 1 are given by
f (x) = e2πAx .
(i) Calculate the Fourier coefficients fb(j) of f and show that
e2πa (cosh(2πa) − cos (2πb))

|fb(j)|2 = .
2π 2 (a2 + (b − j)2 )
(Recall that sinh t = 21 (et − e−t ) and cosh t = 12 (et + e−t ).) [12 marks]
(ii) Show that
X 1 π sinh (2πa)
= .
j∈Z
a2 + (b − j)2 a(cosh (2πa) − cos (2πb))
[11 marks]
[Please turn over]

(2) Let f and g : T → C be 1-periodic Riemann-integrable functions, and let SN f denote

the N ’th partial sum of the Fourier series of f .
(i) Show that Z

g(y) sin((2N + 1)πy)dy → 0
T
as N → ±∞, stating carefully any results that you use. [6 marks]
(ii) Show that for any A ∈ C we have
Z
1 f (x + y) + f (x − y) πy
SN f (x) − A = −A sin((2N + 1)πy)dy.
T πy 2 sin(πy)
stating carefully any properties of the Dirichlet kernel that you use.
[10 marks]
(iii) Prove that if f and x are such that the map

1 f (x + y) + f (x − y)
h : y 7→ −A
y 2
is Riemann-integrable on [−1/2, 1/2], then SN f (x) → A as N → ∞.
[4 marks]
(iv) Prove that h is Riemann-integrable on [−1/2, 1/2] if and only if there is a
constant C independent of y such that
f (x + y) + f (x − y)
− A ≤ C|y|
2
for all |y| ≤ 1/2. (You may use any results from Riemann integration theory
provided they are clearly stated.) [7 marks]
(v) Deduce that if h is Riemann-integrable on [−1/2, 1/2], then
f (x + y) + f (x − y)
A = lim .
y→0 2
[3 marks]
(3) (i) Let f ∈ A(R). Show that for every 2 ≤ q < ∞ we have |fb|q ∈ A(R).
[6 marks]
(ii) Is it true that for every f ∈ A(R) we have |fb| ∈ A(R)? [5 marks]
(iii) If k ∈ N and f ∈ A(R) show that f ∗ f ∗ · · · ∗ f (with k copies of f ) is in
A(R). [5 marks]
(iv) If f ∈ A(R) and q = 2k is an even integer, show that
Z Z
2k
|fb| = |f ∗ f ∗ · · · ∗ f |2
R R
where the term on the right has k copies of f . [8 marks]
[Please turn over]

(4) (Background.) Recall Wirtinger’s inequality which we studied Workshop 2 as a

consequence
R of the Riesz–Fischer theorem. This inequality says that if f ∈ C 1 (T)
and T f = 0 then Z Z
1
2
|f | ≤ 2 |f 0 |2 ,
T 4π T
and equality is achieved if and only if f (t) = Ae−2πit + Be2πit for some complex
constants A and B.
Now let Γ be a simple closed C 1 curve in R2 . The purpose of this question is to

establish a special case of the isoperimetric inequality which relates the arclength
L of Γ with the area A which it encloses, and which states that
L2
A≤ .
4π
Let X(t) = (x(t), y(t)) for 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 be a C 1 parametrisation of Γ. Since both the
area enclosed and the arclength are unchanged by translations of Γ, we may assume
that Z 1 Z 1
x(t)dt = 0 = y(t)dt.
0 0
You may assume that the area enclosed by Γ is given by Green’s formula
Z 1
1
A= (x(t)y 0 (t) − x0 (t)y(t)) dt .
2 0
(The question begins here.)
Suppose L = 1.
(i) Show using Wirtinger’s inequality that we have

1
A≤ .
4π
(Hint: Use the arclength parametrisation of Γ – which you may assume is C 1
– and let f (t) = x(t) + iy(t).) [12 marks]
(ii) Show that we have
1
A=
4π
if and only if Γ is a circle. [11 marks]
[End of Paper]

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Fourier Analysis

Friday 7th May 2021

Final submission deadline: 17:00

Attempt all questions

1. Start each question on a new sheet of paper.

(1) Let A = a + ib ∈ C with a 6= 0, and let f : T → C be the 1-periodic function whose

(i) Calculate the Fourier coefficients fb(j) of f and show that

e2πa (cosh(2πa) − cos (2πb))

[Please turn over]

(2) Let f and g : T → C be 1-periodic Riemann-integrable functions, and let SN f denote

(i) Show that Z

where the term on the right has k copies of f . [8 marks]

[Please turn over]

(4) (Background.) Recall Wirtinger’s inequality which we studied Workshop 2 as a

Now let Γ be a simple closed C 1 curve in R2 . The purpose of this question is to

(The question begins here.)

(i) Show using Wirtinger’s inequality that we have

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