© DEC 2023 | IRE Journals | Volume 7 Issue 6 | ISSN: 2456-8880

Clustering With Improved Ant Colony Optimization

Based Routing Algorithm for Improving the WSN Energy
Efficiency
M. MOHANKUMAR1, K. DEEPA2, F. RAVINDARAN3
1
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, KgiSL Institute of Technology
2
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Study World College of Engineering
3
Department of Computer Science and Engineering (Cyper Security), Karpagapam College of
Engineering

Abstract- Nowadays IoT usages were increases and sensor nodes. Which will conserve the energy of
some of the forest areas need to monitoring these nodes? Formed Cluster with selected nodes and
thinks were uses the WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) elected the Head of the cluster, it will be responsible
, Which will be works with the energy of Battery so for the data transmission and other nodes power usage
need to use the energy with efficient manner, in this will be reduced automatically. After clustering we
paper we have to go with the Clustering After that have to go with the routing, for routing here Improved
Improved Ant Colony Algorithm implemented to ant colony algorithm are implemented, In IACA were
improve the life time of the battery, In cluster local Pheromone Updates and Local Searching which
formation by using the distance around the Cluster includes the Ant Colony Algorithm (ACO) With local
Head (CH) and Fuzzification is used to select the Search Heuristics will helps to improve the utilization
Cluster Head, After Clustering we have to go for the of energy with efficient manner.
Routing with help of Improved Ant Colony
Algorithm(IACA). In IACA is optimizing the II. CLUSTERING WITH FUZZY
searching time and Pheromone Updating.
Clustering to any times at short interval employed to
Indexed Terms- Clustering, Improved Ant Colony efficiently organize and manage the Network. In
Algorithm, Fuzzyfication, WSN. Cluster having two parts, there are Cluster Head and
Cluster Node.
I. INTRODUCTION

In recent days IOT takes important role which will be

works with the WSN. WSN are carry with sensors and
they are operates with the limited battery power. These
sensors are placed in specific region to collect and
transmit data of particular place. WSN operates from Before cluster formation we have to go for the Head
the remote area which is not accessible areas. WSN’s node selection the cluster. With that head node going
key components Sensor nodes, Wireless to construct the cluster. CN will be elected with the
Communication, Network topology, Data Processing, help of fuzzy.
Energy, Data Fusion and Localization and Security.
Here WSN supports tree, star, mesh and hybrid 2.1 Cluster Head Selection
topologies, in our project we are implement the star
topology which will be adopt by Cluster Head (CH) Algorithm for cluster creation and head selection.
and Cluster Nodes (CN) and tree topology used for the
connecting CH with one another. Clustering is
implementing in our project for saving energy of

IRE 1705272 ICONIC RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING JOURNALS 130

 © DEC 2023 | IRE Journals | Volume 7 Issue 6 | ISSN: 2456-8880

B1 . Er
i =
( B2 . Pr * B3 . Ql )
Where B1, B2, B3 - Residual Energy

The value of SNR and load will between 0 to 1

2.2 Cluster Node Selection

For cluster formation select the node by using the
Cluster Node Selection
fuzzy logic Distance and ten SNR from CH are the
Rule Selecting the CN by Fuzzification Method
important input for fuzzy logic Fuzzy rules it will be
If ((Er==High && R==High && D== Low)
desired the selection probability
Then
The node will be take it into the given
2.3 Fuzzification
cluster
Er , D, SNR(Pr) are the input to the fuzzy system. Early
End
system having the High and Low are the two
possibility but in this Fuzzification they have to
III. IMPROVEMENT OF ANT COLONY
consider Energy and SNR are need to maintain the
ALGORITHM
high value and the distance have to be in low because
of consumption of energy will minimize the
Source to destination path or route finding is taking
transmission.
much more energy and spend much more time
(1) In the region of observation deployed nodes where
no more position change
(2) Nodes were having similar appearance but
genetically different
(3) Links were balanced the Rest is used to calculate
the approximate distance of senders
(4) Transmit power will be adjusted based the distance
of receiver

 Ee *TB + Ea *TB * d r , d r  d0
2

ET (TB , d r ) = 
 Ee *TB + E f *TB * d r , d r  d0
4

ET (TB ) = Ee *TB

IRE 1705272 ICONIC RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING JOURNALS 131

 © DEC 2023 | IRE Journals | Volume 7 Issue 6 | ISSN: 2456-8880

- Pheromone coefficient
Eavg  Em
f nJ =
LJn

3.2 The Heuristic Information

Here we can calculate the distance of the cluster which
will come more efficient transformation. Consider the
transfer distance of the cluster head to the adjacent
head of the cluster they did not consider the sink.
Because the sink may be located away from head.

Heuristic calculate distance the next cluster head and

sink

Here w0 which means parameter of the contact weight

In ant colony optimization, ants can select the path of of dab and lbs
probabilities decision rule.
 Djs distance of beat cluster head and to the sink.
 [ Pab (t )]x [ H ab (t )] y
Pab = 
n
, b  allowed n
  [ Pac (t )] x
[ H ac (t )] y

  allowedn

Pab(t)- pheromone information on edge(a,b)

Hab(t)- Heuristic information on edge (a,b)
X,y – impact factors
x( j ) =  (1 + e− j ), 0 jJ
Here, we have to reduce the searching time. If the
searching time is reduces and then the consumption of 3.3 Ant Searching range
energy is reduced. There was more important distance between the
adjacent cluster heads. If the transmission is small
3.1 Pheromone Update Strategy them the energy consumption also gets reducer. After
Large pheromone concentrate makes the difficulties so the distance calculation between clusters heads one
need to avoid in each another. We have to go for the path sink. This will be
going of transmission from source node to the sink.
It gives the faster local convergence
Threshold for limiting the pheromone
Tr , Pab (t + 1)  Tr

Pab (t H ) =  r

(1 −  ) Pab (t ) +  Pab , else

n

 n =1

 th
 P L , if n ant utilize the node (a, b)
Pabn =  s p

0, otherwise
Tr - Threshold value
Ps – Pheromone Strength
r – No of ants
Lp – Path length of nth ant

IRE 1705272 ICONIC RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING JOURNALS 132

 © DEC 2023 | IRE Journals | Volume 7 Issue 6 | ISSN: 2456-8880

CONCLUSION Things Systems,” Wireless Personal

Communications, vol. 82, pp 757-776, Dec.
Technology and the introduction of the IoT part, WSN 2014.
has been pressed to a new height in large scale purpose [4] Sasikumar A, “Sink Resolution and Analysis in
due to its advantages such as no wiring, strong Wireless Sensor Network Using Matlab
invulnerability, timely in a row dissemination and low Simulation,” Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases,
power consumption. However, the quality of no wiring vol. 3, pp 181-185, Aug. 2015.
also leads to the energy cannot be supplied directly to
[5] H. K. Srivastava and R. K. Dwivedi, "Energy
sensor nodes, only the battery with limited energy can
Efficiency in Sensor Based IoT using Mobile
provide energy to the nodes. Therefore, it is of
Agents: A Review," in 2020 Int. Conf. Power
enormous significance to design an energy-efficient
Electron. IoT Appl. Renewable Energy and its
routing protocol for WSNs. The problem of
Control (PARC), India, Feb. 2020, pp. 314-319,
minimizing the energy consumption of WSNs is
doi: 10.1109/PARC49193.2020.236617.
studied and an energy efficient routing protocol based
on improved artificial bee colony algorithm is [6] H. A. H. Al-Behadili, S. K. A. AlWane, Y. I. A.
proposed. The goal of the planned algorithm is to Al-Yasir, N. O. Parchin, P. Olley, and R. A. Abd-
balance the energy consumption and improve the Alhameed, "Use of multiple mobile sinks in
energy efficiency under the constraint of the limited wireless sensor networks for large-scale areas,"
power of the sensor nodes, in that way extending the IET Wireless Sensor Systems, vol. 10, no. 4, pp.
network life time. In order to select the reasonable 175-180, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1049/iet-
cluster heads in the first round, this paper uses the wss.2019.0208.
improved ABC algorithm to optimize the fuzzy C- [7] A. Verma, S. Kumar, P. R. Gautam, T. Rashid
means clustering, cluster the network nodes, and select and A. Kumar, "Fuzzy Logic Based Effective
the optimum cluster heads when all nodes have the Clustering of Homogeneous Wireless Sensor
same energy levels. In the stable transmission phase, Networks for Mobile Sink," IEEE Sensors
this paper introduces a polling control access Journal, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 5615-5623, 15
mechanism based on busy idle nodes, instead of the May15, 2020, doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2020.2969697
TDMA mechanism used by common protocols, which [8] T. Kaur, and. D. Kumar, “A survey on QoS
saves energy and improves network throughput. The mechanisms in WSN for computational
simulation results show that the future algorithm has intelligence-based routing protocols,” Wireless
good performance in energy consumption balance, Networks, vol. 26, no. 4, pp.2465-2486, 2020.
energy efficiency, network life, and network stability [9] T. Kaur, and D. Kumar, “Particle swarm
period and network throughput. Because this work is optimization-based unequal and fault tolerant
carried out under the premise of fixed network, which clustering protocol for wireless sensor
makes the planned algorithm have some restrictions. networks,” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 18, no. 11,
pp.4614-4622, 2018
REFERENCES
[10] X. Liu, H. Song, and A. Liu, “Intelligent UAVs
Trajectory Optimization from Space-Time for
[1] Luo Xu, Wu Xiaojun. Application of ant colony
Data Collection in Social Networks,” IEEE
optimization algorithm in WSN routing,
Transactions on Network Science and
computer engineering and science, vol. 37, pp.
Engineering, 2020.
740-746, 2015.
[11] Cicioğlu, M. and Çalhan, A., 2020.Energy-
[2] Zheng E, Liu R, “Routing Technology in
efficient and SDN-enabled routing algorithm for
Wireless Sensor Network Based on Ant Colony
wireless body area network. Computer
Optimization Algorithm,” Wireless Personal
Communications.
Communications, vol. 10, pp 1-15, Sep. 2016.
[3] Chang J Y, “A Distributed Cluster Computing
Energy-Efficient Routing Scheme for Internet of

IRE 1705272 ICONIC RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING JOURNALS 133