HUMAN HEALTH

1. After an injury, usually ATS injection is given. It provides (a) medication to kill tetanus bacteria (b) passive immunity against
bacteria. (c) active immunity against tetanus bacteria (d) none of these
2. How does vaccination work? (a) The immune system produces antibodies which stay in the blood. (b) Memory lymphocytes
are produced. They remain in the body to fight off any future infection with the same pathogen. (c) The dead pathogen
stays in the body and constantly stimulates the immune system. (d) All of these.
3. Ringworm is one of the most common infectious fungal disease in humans. Name any two genera of fungi which cause
ringworm and state any of its two symptoms.
4. Study the diagram showing the entry of HIV into the human body and the process that follows

(a) Name the human cells A, HIV enters into. (b) Mention the genetic material (B) HIV releases into the cell. (c) Identify
enzyme C
5. In a study to test a new vaccine against a viral disease, mouse model testing is done. In this process, mice are vaccinated
and their blood samples were tested. Mice developed mild disease symptoms. After few days those mice were again
infected with the virus. This time they did not show any disease symptoms. Their blood samples were tested. Two graphs
given show antibody concentration for the first and second infection in mice blood.

(a) Identify P and Q in the given graphs. (b) Which form of pathogen is used in vaccination? (c) Write the characteristics of
P. (D) Why mice did not show any disease symptoms during second exposure to the pathogen virus
6. The data below shows the concentration of nicotine smoked by a smoker taking 10 puffs/ minute
 (a) With reference to the above graph explain the concentration of nicotine in blood at 10 minutes. (b) How will this affect
the concentration of carbon monoxide and haembound oxygen at 10 minutes? (c) How does cigarette smoking result in
high blood pressure and increase in heart rate? (D) How does cigarette smoking result in lung cancer and emphysema
7. (a) Explain the life cycle of Plasmodium starting from its entry in the body of female Anopheles till the completion of its life
cycle in humans. (b) Explain the cause of periodic recurrence of chill and high fever during malarial attack in humans
8. Highlight the structural importance of an antibody molecule with a diagram. Name the four types of antibodies found to
give a humoral immune response, mentioning the functions of two of them you have studied
9. During a field trip, one of your friend in the group suddenly became unwell, she started sneezing and had trouble in
breathing. Name and explain the term associated with such sudden responses. What would the doctor recommend for
relief?
10. Interferons are most effective in making non-infected cells resistant against the spread of which of the following diseases in
humans? (a) Ascariasis (b) Ringworm (c) Amoebiasis (d) AIDS
11. Prior to a sports event, blood and urine samples of sports persons are collected for drug tests. (a) Why is there a need to
conduct such tests? (b) Name the drugs the authorities usually look for. (c) Write the generic names of two plants from
which these drugs are obtained.
12. A plant native to South America, which produces cocaine is (a) Erythroxylum coca (b) Atropa belladonna (c) Datura
stramonium (d) Papaver somniferum
13. How does the HIV breakdown the immune system of the AIDS patient
14. How does a vaccine for a particular disease immunise the human body against that disease
15. Injection of antitoxin in tetanus confers which type of immunisation? (a) Active immunisation (b) Passive immunisation (c)
Auto-immunisation (d) Humoral immunization
16. The diagnostic test that confirms typhoid in humans is (a) ELISA (b) Widal (c) MRI (d) amniocentesis

17.
(a) Write the chemical nature of the coat ‘A’. (b) Name the enzyme ‘B’ acting on ‘X’ to produce molecule ‘C’. Name ‘C’. (c)
Mention the name of the host cell ‘D’ the HIV attacks first when it enters into the human body. How does HIV differ
from a bacteriophage d) Name the two different cells the new viruses ‘E’ subsequently attack. What are two ways of
transmission of HIV infection in humans other than sexual contact.
18. (i) Identify the molecule shown and the site labelled ‘A’

(ii) Why is this molecule referred to as H2 L2 ? Explain. (iii) Mention the chemical nature of given molecule and type of cells
they are produced by
19. Give the scientific name of the parasite that causes malignant malaria in humans. At what stage does this parasite enter the
human body? Trace its life cycle in human body
20. Mention one application for each of the following : (a) Passive immunisation (b) Antihistamine (c) Colostrum (d) Cytokinin-
barrier
21. After a surgery drug ‘X’ was injected to the patient to counteract the effect of pain receptors in the body and to induce
sleep in patient. The structure of the drug ‘X’ is provided :

(a) Identify the drug from the chemical structure that was injected to the patient. (b) Give the scientific name of the plant
that can be used to obtain drug X. (c) Write the effects of compound obtained by drug X on the human body. (c) To
which group X belongs to? Mention the location of its receptors in human body
22. At what stage does Plasmodium gain entry into the human body? Write the different stages of its life cycle in the human
body
23. A patient showed symptoms of sustained high fever, stomach pain and constipation, but no blood clot in stools. Name the
disease and its pathogen. Write the diagnostic test for the disease. How does the disease get transmitted
24. Everytime, when the dosage of a drug has to be increased to achieve the same ‘kick’ that initially occurred in response to a
smaller dose, this condition is known as (a) rebound effect (b) tolerance (c) withdrawal symptoms (d) addiction
25. A large number of married couples over the world are childless. It is shocking to know that in India the female partner is
often blamed for the couple being childless. (a) Why in your opinion the female partner is often blamed for such situations
in India? Is it correct? Justify. (b) State any two reasons responsible for the cause of infertility. (c) “Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm
Injection” and ‘Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer’ are two assisted reproductive technologies. How is one different from
other?
26. (a) What makes some viruses cause cancer in humans? (b) How do benign tumors turn malignant? How does the latter
harm the human body
27. State the role of thymus as a lymphoid organ. Name the cells that are released from it and mention their function.
28. The term ‘immunity’ refers to (a) mutualism between host and parasite (b) ability of the host to fight the disease causing
organisms (c) ability of the parasite to survive within a host (d) a fatal disease

29.
(a) What can be placed in blanks (1) and (2)? (b) Why is the virus called retrovirus? Give one example. (c) Can the infected
cell survive while viruses are being replicated and released? (d Name the disease which is caused by a retrovirus. How
this virus gets transmitted?
30. Viral DNA after being converted from viral RNA by X, incorporates into host genome to undergo replication. What is ‘X’? (a)
DNA polymerase (b) Restriction endonuclease (c) RNA polymerase (d) Reverse transcriptase
31. Elderly people are advised to get influenza (flu) vaccinations every year. Each year, a different type of flu vaccine has to be
made. This is because (a) different viruses attack people of different ages, so each year as the population ages, a new
vaccine must be produced (b) vaccines are unstable and cannot be stored for more than one year (c) the body learns to
destroy the antibodies made against the vaccine, so a new type of vaccine is needed for each vaccination (d) flu viruses
change their genetic constituents so rapidly that vaccines against them rapidly become obsolete.
32. (a) Name the compound obtained from given plant. (b) What is the chemical nature of the compound obtained from this
plant? (c) What are the major effects of the compound obtained from the given plant? O (d) Write the chemical formula
and draw the chemical structure of compound obtained from given plant.

33. Which one of the following immune system components does not correctly match with its respective role? (a) Interferons-
Secreted by virus-infected cells and protect non-infected cells from further viral infection. (b) B-lymphocytes-Produce
antibodies in response to pathogens into blood to fight with them. (c) Macrophages-Mucus secreting cells that trap
microbes entering in the body. (d) IgA-Present in colostrum in early days of lactation to protect infant from diseases
34. MALT is (a) Muscle Associated Lymphoid Tissue (b) Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue (c) Mucosal and Lymphoid Tissue
(d) Memory Associated Lymphoid Tissue
35. (a) Identify a, b and c in the given diagram. (b) Write the chemical nature of an antibody. (c) Mention the type of immune
response provided by an antibody. O (d) Name the cells that produce antibodies in humans.

36. Mention any six differences between active immunity and passive immunity.
37. Principle of vaccination is based on the property of “memory” of the immune system. Taking one suitable example, justify
the statement
38. Which of the following diseases are treated by antibiotics? (i) Plague (ii) Diphtheria (iii) Leprosy (iv) Whooping cough (a) (i),
(ii) and (iii) (b) (i), (iii) and (iv) (c) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (d) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
39. In which organ does the sexual stage (gametocytes) of Plasmodium form? (a) Salivary glands of mosquito (b) Human RBC (c)
Intestine of mosquito (d) Human liver
40. Read the following and answer any four questions from 30(i) to 30 (iv) given below: Acquired immunity and Graft Rejection:
Acquired immunity, on the other hand, is pathogen specific. It is characterised by memory. This means that our body when
it encounters a pathogen for the first time produces a response called primary response which is of low intensity.
Subsequent encounter with the same pathogen elicits a highly intensified secondary or anamnestic response. This is
ascribed to the fact that our body appears to have memory of the first encounter. The primary and secondary immune
responses are carried out with the help of two special types of lymphocytes present in our blood, i.e., B-lymphocytes and T-
lymphocytes.The B-lymphocytes produce an army of proteins in response to pathogens into our blood to fight with them.
These proteins are called antibodies. The T-cells themselves do not secrete antibodies but help B cells produce them. Each
antibody molecule has four peptide chains, two small called light chains and two longer called heavy chains. Hence, an
antibody is represented as H2 L2 . Different types of antibodies are produced in our body. IgA, IgM, IgE, IgG are some of
them. Because these antibodies are found in the blood, the response is also called as humoral immune response. This is
one of the two types of our acquired immune response - antibody mediated. The second type is called cellmediated
immune response or cell-mediated immunity (CMI). The T-lymphocytes mediate CMI. Grafts from just any source - an
animal, another primate, or any human beings cannot be made since the grafts would be rejected sooner or later. Tissue
matching, blood group matching are essential before undertaking any graft/transplant and even after this the patient has to
take immuno-suppresants all his/her life. The body is able to differentiate ‘self’ and ‘nonself and the cell-mediated immune
response is responsible for the graft rejection.

(i) What type of response mediated by antibodies? (ii) Which cell is responsible for cell mediated immunity? (iii)
Which molecules are most responsible for rejection of transplant? (iv) Which immunoglobulin does constitute the
largest percentage in human milk?
41. Briefly explain the lifecycle of plasmodium. What measures would you take to control malaria
42. (a) What measures do you suggest for prevention and control of alcohol and drug abuse among adolescents? (b) The
outline structure of a drug is given below.

(i) Which group of drugs does this represent? Name the plant from which it is obtained. (ii) What are the modes of
consumption of these drugs? (iii) Name the organ of the body which is affected by consumption of these drugs.
43. Assertion: Insulin is said to be anabolic hormone. Reason: Failure of insulin secretion causes diabetes.
44. Assertion: Phagocyte cells digest microbes and debris Reason: Natural killer cells destroy virus-infected cells and tumor cells
45. Assertion: An antibody is a protein molecule made by the lymphocytes. Reason: An antibody binds to a specific antigen and
neutralizes its odd effects
46.